Structural #6: Analysis of a 3D solid object Introduction: In this example you will learn to use the Solid element

in ANSYS. Also you will learn

some basic 3D modeling.

Physical Problem: See figure. Problem Description:

We will model the object using solid Tetrahedral 10 node element. Material: Assume the structure is made of steel with modulus of elasticity E=200 GPa. Boundary conditions: The object is fixed around the inner surface of the hole. Loading: The object is loaded uniformly (1000 N/cm2) along the top surface of the extended beam. Objective: To plot deformed shape. To determine the principal stress and the von Mises stress. (Use the stress plots to determine these. Do not print the stress list) What is the maximum load the object can take. Clearly mention the yield stress that you have assumed for steel. Also assume factor of safety of 1.25. You are required to hand in print outs for the above. Figure:

STARTING ANSYS:
Click on ANSYS 6.1 in the programs menu. Select Interactive. The following menu that comes up. Enter the working directory. All your files will be stored in this directory. Also enter 64 for Total Workspace and 32 for Database. Click on Run.

MODELING THE STRUCTURE:

Go to the ANSYS Utility Menu.

Click Workplane>WP Settings. The following window comes up:

Check the Cartesian and Grid Only buttons. Enter the values shown in the figure above. We will model the object as four seperate volumes and then add them up. Go to the ANSYS Main Menu Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Blocks>By 2 corners & Z. Select the two corners and enter the depth in the "depth " field so as to create the first rectangular part of the figure. The isometric view looks like the figure below.

Now create two cylinders representing the holes. Use the Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Cylinder>Solid Cylinder, and select the center and the radius and the depth of the cylinder. Now subtract these two cylinders from the main rectangular block. Use the Preprocessor>Modeling >Operate>Booleans>Subtract>Volumes menu. Select the base area first (the rectangular block). Then select the volumes to be subtracted (the two cylinders). Click OK. The isometric view of the figure looks like the figure below.

Now we will create the extended portion of the object. Go to Utility Menu>WorkPlane>Offset Workplane by Increments. The following window will come up.

Now offset the workplane in the +Z direction by an amount equal to the thickness of the previous rectangular block we made. This thickness is 0.01 m which is 4 times of the snap (0.0025). So we set the 'snaps' to 4 and click on the +Z once. The workplane looks like this from the left side view.

Now create the first extended rectangular block. The figure will look like the one below in isometric view.

Now offset the workplane further along the +Z axis by an amount equal to the length of the extended block (0.06 meter). So the workplane looks like this from the left side view.

Now create another block (block 3) by Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Blocks>By 2 corners & Z. We make this block separately so that we can create the required fillet easily.

Now create the block 4.

Now glue parts together. Go to Preprocessor>Modeling>Operate>Booleans>Glue>Volumes. In the window that comes up click Pick All and click OK. Now we will create the fillet. Go to Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Lines>Line Fillet Select two lines on the "L" shape to create Fillet in between. Do this for both top and bottom sides. See the Figure below:

Now create two lines. Go to Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Lines>Lines>Straight Line. Pick keypoints to create lines as shown in the figure below:

Now, create areas to close the fillet. Go to Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Areas>Arbitrary>By Lines Create 3 areas of the fillet (Top, Bottom and Front) as shown in Figure below

Two more areas are needed to define the fillet volume. Go to Operate>Booleans>Divide>Area by Line. Select the inner area of the "L" shape click OK.

Then select the line as shown to divide the area into two pieces and click OK

Repeat the dividing areas steps for the other inner area of the "L" shape Now create the volume within the fillet by Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Arbitrary>By Areas. Select the areas which enclose the fillet volume and click OK. The final model will look as follows.

Now go to Preprocessor>Modeling>Operate>Booleans>Add>Volumes. Click on Pick All. So now we have added all the volumes into a single volume.

MATERIAL PROPERTIES:
Go to the ANSYS Main Menu Click Preprocessor>Material Properties>Material Models. In the window that comes up, select Structural>Linear>Elastic>Isotropic.

Material model 1 is automatically selected. The following window comes up

Fill in 2e11 for the Young's modulus and 0.3 for minor Poisson's Ratio. Click OK. Now the material 1 has the properties defined in the above table. We will use this material for the structure.

ELEMENT PROPERTIES:
SELECTING ELEMENT TYPE: Click Preprocessor>Element Type>Add/Edit/Delete... In the 'Element Types' window that opens click on Add... The following window opens:

Type 1 in the Element type reference number. Click on Structural Solid and select Tet 10node 92. Click OK. Close the 'Element types' window.

MESHING:
Go to Preprocessor>Meshing>Size Controls>Manual Size>Lines>Picked Lines. Pick all the lines on the outer boundary of the figure and click OK. In the menu that comes up type 0.005 in the field for 'Element edge length'.

Click on OK. Now go to Preprocessor>Meshing>Mesh>Volumes>Free. Click Pick All in the "Mesh Areas" dialog box. The meshed model looks like this.

Now the object is divided into Solid Tetrahedral elements.

BOUNDARY CONDITIONS AND CONSTRAINTS:

APPLYING BOUNDARY CONDITIONS The object is fixed around the inner faces of the holes. Go to Main Menu Preprocessor>Loads>Define Loads>Apply>Structural>Displacement>On Areas. Select the areas on the inner surface of the holes and click OK. The following window comes up.

Select All DOF and click OK. The holes will look like the following after zooming in.

APPLYING FORCES Go to the Main Menu Click on Preprocessor>Loads>Define Loads>Apply>Structural>Pressure>On Area.

Select the top surface of the cantilever like arm. Click on OK in the 'Apply PRES on areas' window. The following window will appear:

Enter the value of the pressure as shown above. Click OK. The model should look like the one below.

Now the Modeling of the problem is done.

SOLUTION:
Go to ANSYS Main Menu>Solution>Analysis Type>New Analysis. Select Static and click on OK. Go to Solution>Solve>Current LS. Wait for ANSYS to solve the problem. Click on OK and close the 'Information' window.

POST-PROCESSING:
You can also plot the displacements and stress. Go to General Postprocessing>Plot Results>Deformed Shape. The following window comes up:

Select Def+undef edge and click OK. The output will be like the figure below

Select a stress (say von Mises) to be plotted and click OK. The output will be like this.

Structural Test #3: Analysis of a 3D solid object Introduction: In this test problem you will be required to test your knowledge of 3D modeling and
the Solid element in ANSYS.

Physical Problem: One day while using his hammer, Professor Shimada attempts to drive a nail
into the floor of his home. Unbenounced to him a layer of pure steel had been installed under the wooden floor. The nail doesnt move and so a point force of 100N is exerted on the head of the hammer. Plot the nodal solution of the deformation and stresses on the hammer.

Problem Description:
We will model the object using solid Tetrahedral 10 node element.

Material: Assume the structure is made of steel with modulus of el asticity E=200 GPa and a Poisons Ratio of 0.3. Boundary conditions: The hammer is fixed at the base.. Loading: The object is has a point force of 100N at the head. Objective: To plot deformed shape. To determine the principal stress and the von Mises stress. (Use the stress plots to determine these. Do not print the stress list) What is the maximum load the object can take. Clearly mention the yield stress that you have assumed for steel. Also assume factor of safety of 1.25. You are required to hand in print outs for the above. Figure:

Dimensions: 10 cm hexagonal handle, radius 0.02m, theta=300 at (0,0) 15 cm circular solid, radius 0.015m at 0,0) 5 cm hexagonal head joint, radius 0.04m, theta=270 at (0,0) 18 cm top cone, radius=0.03m Create the hexagonal solid defining the grip for the handle. Shift the workplane the axial length of the hexagonal solid and create the circular solid defining the section between the handle and the head of the hammer. Shift the workplane again and create the hexagonal head of the hammer. Now rotate the workplane and shift it such that the cone is created 0.09m in the correct direction from the axial center of the handle. Now overlap the conic section and the hexagonal volume defining the head of the hammer. Once these are married into one volume, add the volumes together such that the hammer is one full volume.

Define the Material Properties of the Steel hammer (Elastic Modulus and Poisons Ration are the important qualities) Define the Element Properties as a Tet 10 node Structural Solid. Mesh the hammer. (Do so by picking all lines and setting the element edge length to 0.01.) Apply the boundary conditions. (Structrual Displacement on the bottom face of the handle equal to zero, and a structural force / moment on a node closest to the center of the hammer head as possible equal to 100N in the X direction. If the hammer head is oriented properly then this value should be directed perpendicularly into the face of the hammers head.) Solve List the nodal results of the solution with respect to all degrees of freedom. Plot the nodal solution with respect to all degrees of freedom. Show both the deformed and undeformed shape of the hammer. (The output should be identical to the figure below)

(Without the Undeformed Hammer it should look like this:)

(Select a stress (say von Mises) to be plotted and click OK. The output will look like this.)