Dissolved Air Flotation for Wastewater Lagoon Clarification

James E. Farmerie

Typical Wastewater Lagoon System

Aeration Lagoon

Aeration Lagoon

Settling

Discharge
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Settling Step Removes

Colloidal & Suspended Solids Precipitated Dissolved Solids Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) associated with the Suspended Solids (TSS) Algae

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Why Flotation ?
Ideal for low density solids removal Produces Consistent water quality effluent Produces Consistently high sludge solids Increases Dissolved Oxygen in discharge Small footprint @ High loading gpm/ft2

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Lagoon Treatment Applications

Algae laden waters with seasonal blooms contributing to TSS & BOD Low Density Solids

MBBR Biological Solids Soluble Phosphate Water with low D.O.

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How does it Work ?

5-20 mins floc time

Flash Mix

8 20 gpm/ft2 Loading Rate

Skimming Devise Device Outlet

Floc 1

Floc 2

RAW WATER

+ Coagulant

Nozzles/ Valves

Lateral Draw-off pipes

10 Air Compressor
Saturator

% Flow
Recycle Pump

Compressed Air dissolved in water at 80 psi

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Air Flotation

Air is dissolved in water under pressure and mixed with waste containing coagulated solids In the Unit, the pressure drops and allows the air to come out of solution and forms micro-bubbles

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 Air bubbles attach to the surface of the solids and become entrapped in the floc as it forms The resulting mass is buoyant and quickly rises to the surface

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Air Flotation
A float layer of sludge is formed at the surface of the Flotation Cell Water is removed from the bottom of the tank through laterals that stretch across the length of the tank

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Stokes Law

G (P1 P2) _______________ V= 18 u

V = Time to Settle/Float G = Gravity P1 = Particle Density P2 = Liquid Density D = Diameter of the Particle Viscosity of the Liquid

2 D

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Coagulant/Polymer Addition SIZE: Tens of Microns

Buoyancy Flotation

Particle Size Difference

Gravity Settling

Bubble Addition

SIZE: Hundreds of Microns

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Small Systems Steel Tank

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Large System Field Erected Concrete Tanks

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The Saturator

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Dispersion Header Pipe

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Nozzles

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Saturated Water

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Sludge Skimmer

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Mechanical Desludging Reciprocating Skimmer

Low Maintenance 0.25 hp Motor Gentle on fragile sludge 2 5 % Sludge Solids

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Hydraulic Desludging
Procedure Effluent gate closed Water level rises Spray water turned on Sludge flows to trough 0.5 1.0 % Sludge Solids

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Mechanically Assisted Hydraulic Desludging

Actuated slide gate & reciprocating skimmer Reduces time of hydraulic only desludging Increases flowability of sludge Solids between Mechanical & Hydraulic desludging

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Sludge Thickening DAF

Loading Rate @ 1 4 gpm/sf Skimmer Device

Water Draw-Off Distribution Header Settled Sludge Removal Air Compressor 50 psig Saturator Polymer 30%-70% Recycle

Sludge Valve to Drop to Atmospheric

Recycle Pumps

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DAF Comparisons
Thickening DAF Rapid Mix Flocculator(s) Bottom Sludge Collector Chemical Addition Loading Rate Recycle Rate Pressure Pressure Drop Location Bubble Size No No Yes Recycle Line 1 4 gpm/ft2 30 % - 70 % 50 psig Recycle Line 50 - 100 m Clarification DAF Yes Yes No Rapid Mix/Flocculator 8 20 gpm/ft2 5 % - 15 % 80 90 psig Reaction Zone 10 - 50 m

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Example Johnstown, CO
Average Flow @ 400,000 gallon/day Discharge to Little Thompson River Average Influent TSS @ 195 mg/L Average Influent BOD @ 227 mg/L NPDES Permit for Effluent: - TSS @ < 75 mg/L - BOD @ < 30 mg/L

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Johnstown, CO Lagoon System Performance

Aeration Lagoon Aeration Lagoon Settling Lagoon

BODExcursions >30 mg/L TSSExcursions >75 mg/L When algae present

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Johnstown, CO Pilot Study July 2000

Alum @ 100 mg/L polyDADMAC @ 0.25 mg/L Loading Rate @ 4-8 gpm/ft2 Sludge off the DAF - 2% to 4 % dry solids - 0.4 % if influent flow - Drying bed test @ 6.88 % after 24 hours

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Johnstown, CO Pilot Test July 2000

Parameter DAF Influent Range Average Turbidity, NTU 18 to 80 40 BOD, mg/L 24 to 35 27 TSS, mg/L 19 to 62 35 DAF Effluent Range Average 2 to 28 15 3 to 13 10 8 to 25 11

LIMITS: TSS @ 75 mg/L BOD @ 30 mg/L

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Johnstown, CO Plant Design

Additional aeration in 2 lagoons Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) for ammonia nitrogen removal DAF for algae, TSS, and related BOD removal

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Aeration Pond

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MBBR

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Johnstown CO Wastewater DATA

BOD Influent Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 mg/L 308 397 233 212 244 210 Effluent mg/L 8.8 11 9 3.5 2.5 6.3 % Removal 96 96 96 99 99 97 Influent mg/L 186 163 184 197 230 272 TSS Effluent mg/L 25 28 23 9.3 5.8 12.4 % Removal 87 81 88 95 97 96

DAF Operating

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Johnstown CO Wastewater Effluent 2001 - 2006

30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Year
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mg/L

TSS BOD

Johnstown CO Wastewater Highest Monthly Average 2001-2006

150 mg/L 100 50 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Year
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TSS BOD

Johnstown, CO Plant Performance

Alum @ 60 mg/L (down from 100 mg/L) polyDADMAC @ 0 (down from 0.25mg/L) Loading @ 4 gpm/ft2 - Plant can double capacity to 8 gpm/ft2 Bonus Benefit in effluent: - Pre-DAF coliforms @ 5,000 CFU/100 ml - DAF coliforms @ 250 CFU/100 ml

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Johnstown, CO Clari-DAF System

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Johnstown, CO Influent & Effluent Samples

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Greensboro, AL Pilot Study October 2004

Polyaluminum Chloride @ 11 mg/L Polymer @ 7 mg/L Loading Rate @ 4 gpm/ft2 AL requires 65% removal BOD & TSS

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Greensboro, AL Pilot Test October 2004

Lagoon Influent Range Average DAF Influent Range Average DAF Effluent Range Average

BOD mg/L 183 to 1,060 442 11 to 26 18 1 to 7 4

TSS mg/L 62 to 308 179 56 to 67 61 5 to 17 9

Coliforms CFU/100 ml 241,920 52,605 3,785

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Western Butler County Authority (WBCA) Zelienople, PA December, 2005 January, 2006
Tested plant effluent Goal: P Removal through flotation Mixing Time: 12 to 20 minutes Loading Rate: 6 gpm/ft2 to 12 gpm/ft2 10 % Recycle Rate

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WBCA December 2005 January 2006

Parameter TSS - mg/L BOD - mg/L P - mg/L

DAF Influent 3.85 5.94 1.37

ALUM Ferric 80 mg/L 60 mg/L 2.00 <1.00 <2.00 <1.00 0.03 0.04

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Questions ???

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