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Fuel rail connected to the injectors that are mounted just above the intake manifold on a fourcylinder engine. Fuel injection is a system for admitting fuel into an internal combustion engine. It has become the primary fuel delivery system used in automotive engines, having replaced carburetors during the 1980s and 1990s. A variety of injection systems have existed since the earliest usage of the internal combustion engine. The primary difference between carburetors and fuel injection is that fuel injection atomizes the fuel by forcibly pumping it through a small nozzle under high pressure, while a carburetor relies on suction created by intake air accelerated through a Venturi tube to draw the fuel into the airstream. Modern fuel injection systems are designed specifically for the type of fuel being used. Some systems are designed for multiple grades of fuel (using sensors to adapt the tuning for the fuel currently used). Most fuel injection systems are for gasoline or diesel applications. Contents 1 Objectives 2 Benefits 2.1 Driver benefits 2.2 Environmental benefits 3 History and development 3.1 Development in diesel engines
Chevrolet Cosworth Vega engine showing Bendix electronic fuel injection (in orange).
Supersession of carburetors In the 1970s and 1980s in the US, the federal government imposed increasingly strict exhaust emission regulations. During that time period, the vast majority of gasoline-fueled automobile and light truck engines did not use fuel injection. To comply with the new regulations, automobile manufacturers often made extensive and complex modifications to the engine carburetor(s). While a simple carburetor system is cheaper to manufacture than a fuel injection system, the more complex carburetor systems installed on many engines in the 1970s were much more costly than the earlier simple carburetors. To more easily comply with emissions regulations, automobile manufacturers began installing fuel injection systems in more gasoline engines during the late 1970s.
Animated cut through diagram of a typical fuel injector. Injectors Fuel Pump Fuel Pressure Regulator Engine control unit Wiring Harness Various Sensors (Some of the sensors required are listed here.) Crank/Cam Position: Hall effect sensor Airflow: MAF sensor, sometimes this is inferred with a MAP sensor Exhaust Gas Oxygen: oxygen sensor, EGO sensor, UEGO sensor Engine control unit engine control unit