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Strayer 1e, Chapter 19 Self-Test Quizzes completed

Total score: 17 out of 20, 85%

1. Which of the following was one reason why Europeans needed to expand into new foreign markets? a. To find vacation destinations b. To build prison colonies c. To unload periodic surpluses of manufactured goods d. To unite humankind

0 out of 1 Incorrect. The answer is c. Industrial societies in Europe often produced more than they could sell at home, which could have amounted to an economic crisis, but having new foreign markets meant they could keep demand, and as well as prices and wages, high at home. (see page 561)
2. Why did ordinary Europeans come to care whether their country gained new territories around the globe or not? a. Profits from new territories were distributed equally among all Europeans. b. Most Europeans were naturally curious about other cultures around the world. c. Many Europeans became swept up in mass nationalism. d. Many Europeans were looking for new places to settle or take vacations.

1 out of 1 Correct. The answer is c. Almost as if cheering for their home team, many Europeans saw the competition for new territories around the globe as a matter of national pride, even if new acquisitions were not necessarily economically beneficial to them. (see page 562)
3. Which of the following inventions was NOT a major factor in aiding European expansion in the nineteenth century? a. Quinine b. Breech-loading rifles and machine guns c. Underwater telegraph d. Cotton gin

0 out of 1 Incorrect. The answer is d. Quinine was the first effective antimalarial drug that allowed Europeans to penetrate into deep inland in tropical areas, breech-loading rifles and especially machine guns allowed relatively small numbers of troops to devastate vast numbers of enemies who did not have such weapons, and the underwater telegraph allowed the mother country to communicate with far-flung colonies instantly. (see page 562)
4. How did many Europeans come to understand the importance of race in the nineteenth century as a result of their new expansion? a. They realized that racial differences are just skin-deep. b. They saw different races as separate but equal. c. They created "scientific" racial hierarchies with themselves at the top. d. They did not change their views on race as a result of the nineteenth-century expansion.

1 out of 1 Correct. The answer is c. Applying ideas of science, such as biology, to the new civilizations they were conquering, many Europeans came to believe that as a race they were superior to all other races, which in their view explained why they were so advanced and others so primitive,. (see page 563)
5. How did the doctrine of "social Darwinism" affect Europeans' attitudes toward imperialism, war, and aggression? a. Europeans came to reject imperialism, war, and aggression. b. Europeans remained indifferent to imperialism, war, and aggression. c. Europeans came to see imperialism, war, and aggression as last resorts. d. Europeans came to see imperialism, war, and aggression as natural and progressive.

1 out of 1 Correct. The answer is d. Social Darwinist thinkers held that, by invading and attacking human societies around the world, Europeans were weeding out the weak and preserving the strong, thus improving the genetic pool of humankind. (see page 564)
6. Which of the following was a major reason for the internal weakness of the Chinese state in the nineteenth century? a. Its bureaucracy had not kept up with its population growth.

b. Its tax collectors lack effective methods of forcing tax payment. c. It became too dependent on European imports. d. Its working class went on strikes too often.

1 out of 1 Correct. The answer is a. Because the population exploded fourfold, and the bureaucracy did not keep up, the government was unable to provide basic services like law enforcement, flood control, or welfare, and corruption of local officials spiraled out of control. (see page 565)
7. What was the main force responsible for defeating the Taiping Rebellion in 1864? a. The Qing Imperial army b. Western military forces c. Other rebel groups d. Private armies of landed gentry

1 out of 1 Correct. The answer is d. Because the Taiping wanted to redistribute land to poor peasants, the landed gentry saw them as a threat, and were able to field a more competent military force than the Qing state or any other enemies of the Taiping. (see page 566)
8. How devastating was the Taiping conflict relative to other nineteenth-century conflicts in the world? a. It was ultimately a minor clash. b. It was a medium-scale affair. c. It was the worst conflict in Asia during the nineteenth century. d. It caused the largest loss of life of any conflict in the nineteenth century.

1 out of 1 Correct. The answer is d. The Taiping Rebellion caused the deaths of 20-30 million Chinese, the worst conflict the world would see until World War One. (see page 566)
9. Which of the following was NOT a consequence of the import of opium into China by Britain? a. Corruption among Chinese officials b. Millions of Chinese addicts

c. A sudden net outflow of silver from China d. Legalization of the drug

1 out of 1 Correct. The answer is d. Opium was illegal in China, though the British managed to smuggle it in anyway, and part of the reason it was not legalized was the negative consequences it had on China's society, government, and economy. (see page 567)
10. Which nation(s) had carved out "spheres of influence" in China by the end of the nineteenth century? a. Western nations only. b. Russia only. c. Russia and Japan. d. Western nations plus Russia and Japan.

1 out of 1 Correct. The answer is d. As a result of losses in the Opiums wars (1842 and 1858) and further military losses to France (1885) and Japan (1895), almost all the Western nations, including the United States, and Russian and Japan gained special privileges inside China. (see page 569)
11. What was the attitude of many Chinas Qing dynasty leadership towards the modern, industrialized societies of the West and Japan in the latter half of the nineteenth century? a. They totally rejected industrialization and modernization. b. They took cautious and mild measures to adopt some Western innovations. c. They embarked on a program of total Westernization and modernization. d. They tried very hard to master Western technology but simply could not.

1 out of 1 Correct. The answer is b. Chinese authorities recognized Western industrialization and modernization gave the West and Japan their power over China, and sought to catch up, but were afraid of upsetting certain traditions, such as Confucianism and the landed gentry. (see page 570)
12. Why did Chinese nationalists admire Western ideas such as popular participation in government? a. They wanted to impress their Western rulers.

b. They had a faddish obsession with anything Western. c. They believed these ideas could help China unify and fight the West. d. They were encourage by the results of the Qing reforms and wanted to further these.

1 out of 1 Correct. The answer is c. Chinese nationalists wanted to adopt many Western innovations, from republican government to industry and science, but one of the main goals for doing so was to gain the power to stand up to the West militarily and economically. (see page 570)
13. Which of the following Ottoman territories remained under Ottoman control by the early twentieth century? a. Greece b. The Balkans c. Egypt d. Anatolia

1 out of 1 Correct. The answer is d. The Ottoman Empire was able to hold on to only its core homeland and parts of the Middle East, and only then because the major European powers could not agree on how to carve those territories up amongst themselves. (see page 572)
14. The reforms initiated by Selim III and continued by later Sultans stirred up long-lasting hostility between which two factions in Ottoman society? a. The wealthy and the poor b. Jews and Muslims c. Islamic modernists and religious conservatives d. Liberals and conservatives

1 out of 1 Correct. The answer is c. Though many traditional Islamic scholars and believers rejected any embrace of Western culture, the "Young Ottomans" supported the idea of a modern, industrialized, Western society that would retain its essential Islamic values. (see page 575)

15. What did the "Young Turks" advocate? a. A renewed war against the West b. A peaceful, holy land in place of the Ottoman Empire c. A militantly secular Turkish national state d. A jihad against all non-Muslims in the Ottoman Empire

1 out of 1 Correct. The answer is c. The Young Turks opposed the restoration of old Islamic and Ottoman power structures under Sultan Abd alHamid II, and were more radical than the Islamic modernists, seeking to get rid of all influence of Islamic belief over the state and create a modern country, Turkey, based on nationality and ethnicity, not religion or tradition. (see page 576)
16. Why did Japanese leaders not fight U.S. Commodore Matthew Perry when he came to force Japan out of its 250-year isolation? a. They were disarmed by Perry's wit and charm. b. They were taken by surprise. c. They were in a state of total disarray when Perry arrived. d. They were aware of the fate of China's attempt to resist the West militarily.

1 out of 1 Correct. The answer is d. Japanese leaders realized that until Japan learned enough from the West to be able to catch up industrially, economically, and militarily, attempting to resist Western powers would only make things worse for them. (see page 578)
17. Which of the following was NOT an important precondition for Japan's dramatic industrial, economic, and military success after 1868? a. Growth of urban population b. Increase in wealth of the merchant class c. Unification of the various daimyo. d. High rates of literacy

0 out of 1 Incorrect. The answer is c. The Tokugawa era was peaceful, but did not really unify the many local daimyo, whose power remained an obstacle to the Shogunate's ability to deal with internal problems. (see page 578)

18. What lay at the core of the Japanese program of "defensive modernization"? a. Its state-guided industrialization b. Shinto c. Its educational system d. Its constitution

1 out of 1 Correct. The answer is a. The state took over and modernized enterprises run by daimyo, then sold them to private investors, and also built all the necessary infrastructure for industrialization such as roads, rails, and telegraph lines. This allowed Japan to be the only nation outside Europe and North America to industrialize purely under its own power, without going into crushing debt. (see page 582)
19. How did Japanese colonial policies in Taiwan and Korea compare to European imperialist practice? a. The Japanese were less cruel toward their subjects than Europeans were to theirs. b. The Japanese were far crueler toward their subjects than Europeans were to theirs. c. The Japanese were just as cruel toward their subjects as the Europeans were to theirs. d. The Japanese were liberators, not imperialists.

1 out of 1 Correct. The answer is c. Though many in the non-European world saw Japan's stunning rise to status of a rival imperial power to be inspirational, the Japanese were not intending to lead an antiEuropean and anti-imperial crusade, but rather seeking to imitate many of the same tactics of colonization and oppression used by Europeans. (see page 585)
20. In what way could the Industrial Revolution be seen as a failure, not a success? a. It did not lead to advances in medicine. b. It only benefited the wealthy in those societies where it took place. c. It seriously damaged the environment and traditional cultural heritage. d. It did not improve the living conditions of the working class in the long run.

1 out of 1

Correct. The answer is c. Everywhere it took place, the Industrial Revolution brought certain short-term and long-term benefits, such as advances in medicine, opportunities for those not already in the moneyed classes to become wealthy, and gradual improvements in living conditions for the working classes. But if preservation of the environment and traditional culture is a measure of success, then the Industrial Revolution was a disaster. (see page 586)

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