Marconi NG OCS OTN Tutorial

OTN Tutorial and Applications using Marconi Next Generation Optical Core Switches

A white paper discussing the way telcos can use Marconi broadband optical transmission products to build integrated, flexible and cost effective optical networks, enabled for both SDH and OTN switching. This paper covers the whole range of Marconi optical products and provides application scenarios, as well as tutorial level information on the use of the recently defined Optical Transport Network (OTN) standards.

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Marconi NG OCS OTN Tutorial

Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................................................................2 TABLE OF FIGURES.................................................................................................................................................2 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................3 OPTICAL TRANSPORT NETWORKS ......................................................................................................................3 THE RATIONALE FOR G.709 AND THE "DIGITAL WRAPPER" ..........................................................................................3 OTN CLIENT INTERFACES ..........................................................................................................................................5 OTN NOTATION .........................................................................................................................................................5 OTN FRAME STRUCTURE ..........................................................................................................................................5 MAPPING OF CLIENT SIGNALS.....................................................................................................................................6 MSH2K/MSH-ES UNIQUE FUNCTIONALITY ................................................................................................................9 TANDEM CONNECTION MONITORING ...........................................................................................................................7 OTN APPLICATIONS...................................................................................................................................................8 MARCONI PRODUCT OUTLINES ............................................................................................................................9 GLOSSARY AND REFERENCES ...........................................................................................................................10 GLOSSARY ..............................................................................................................................................................10 REFERENCES ..........................................................................................................................................................12 SUMMARY ...............................................................................................................................................................13

Table of Figures
FIGURE 1 CORE TRANSMISSION NETWORK SERVICES.....................................................................................................3 FIGURE 2 APPLICATIONS OF G.709 FRAMES ..................................................................................................................4 FIGURE 3 G.709 LINE AND FRAME RATES ......................................................................................................................5 FIGURE 4 SDH AND OTN FRAMES .................................................................................................................................6 FIGURE 5 OTN G.709 FRAME STRUCTURE....................................................................................................................6 FIGURE 6 OTN WAVE DIVISION MULTIPLEXING ..............................................................................................................6 FIGURE 7 G.709 MAPPING OF CLIENT SIGNALS ..............................................................................................................6 FIGURE 8 G.709 ODU MULTIPLEXING ...........................................................................................................................6 FIGURE 9 EXAMPLE OF ODU MULTIPLEXING ..................................................................................................................7 FIGURE 10 MSH UNIQUE FUNCTIONALITY ......................................................................................................................9 FIGURE 11 OTN PATHS AND SECTIONS .........................................................................................................................7 FIGURE 12 NESTED TCM EXAMPLE ...............................................................................................................................7 FIGURE 13 OVERLAPPING TCM EXAMPLE ......................................................................................................................7 FIGURE 14 TRANSPARENT TRANSPORT USING OTN.......................................................................................................8 FIGURE 15 PERFORMANCE MONITORING ON OTN NETWORKS ........................................................................................8 FIGURE 16 MULTI-SERVICE DELIVERY USING OTN .........................................................................................................8 FIGURE 17 OTN SWITCHING PRODUCTS........................................................................................................................9

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Marconi NG OCS OTN Tutorial

Introduction
This white paper has a twofold purpose: firstly it is designed to introduce the concepts of the new Optical Transmission Network (OTN) standards in a tutorial format; and secondly it briefly describes each of the products in the broadband optical portfolio and then goes on to position them in the context of network traffic scenarios. Although these scenarios are general in nature, they cover most of the expected network configurations encountered by carriers. Part of the positioning of these products is to address the ongoing debate within the optical networking industry over the place of pure optical switching (OOO) compared with electrical switching (OEO) where the core switch is based on electronics. Without doubt the recent definition of optical standards in the ITU-T G.709 recommendation opens the way for a standardised all optical network, but it also provides the basis for an opportunity to enhance the electrical switching capability of the existing network.

have been defined by ITU-T to support a common infrastructure across both OEO cross connects and DWDM transmission systems. The range of OTN recommendations developed by the ITU-T standards bodies is based on the mature SDH/SONET specifications developed over the last 15 or so years. However they introduce the additional feature required to support the transport of wavelength based networks, to the same levels of management and quality expected from the SDH network. To accomplish this level of functionality required for high capacity transport a new framing structure has been defined in the G.709 recommendation (also referred to as a digital wrapper for existing SDH frames). An additional factor which had to be taken into account in defining the new frame structure, is that some additional optical range is required to compensate for optical couplers/splitters in DWDM systems. This additional range has been provided by the inclusion of a Forward Error Correction (FEC) mechanism in the G.709 frame. This type of scheme has been used in telecommunications systems for many years and uses some additional bytes within the frames to provide this processing. The scheme adopted for the G.709 FEC is taken directly from the G.975 scheme defined for submarine1 links.

SDH
es Lin ed as Le TN and PS adb o Br

DWDM
ed s pe es ice h S Lin erv Hig sed NS a SA Le

Fibre

H SD med s Fra rvice Se

l ca pti yO An rvice Se

The Rationale for G.709 and the "Digital Wrapper"

One of the questions that has to be asked is why did the ITU-T need to define a new recommendation for the OTN layer. To answer this we need to look at the evolution of optical networks since the introduction of SDH and SONET. Initially SDH networks were only point to point single wavelength systems. The introduction of higher specification wavelength locked lasers allowed the wide linewidth lasers to be replaced by WDM and DWDM2 lasers.

SAN

SAN

STM-64/CBR10G

STM-16/CBR2G5

SAN

SDH Multiplexed Clients SDH Framed Clients DWDM/OTN Layer of Network Fibre

Figure 1 Core Transmission Network Services Marconi has been instrumental in defining the latest standards and considers the photonics network to be key to the future of optical transmission. This technology drive can only be achieved if there is a strong service pull to provide operators with real benefits in flexibility in their networks. Combining the upper network layers (namely the high order SDH transmission layer and OTN switching layer) into a single element and switch fabric provides the flexibility platform to drive forward into the networks of the st 21 century. One of the key concepts in the creation of value in future transmission network is the ability to create multi-layer switching nodes which can take advantage of the different technology building blocks available from the Marconi product portfolio.

SDH

VC

Direct on fibre

VC-4-4c/16c

10GE WAN

Ethernet

STM-1/4

140Mbs

STM-16

34Mbs

45Mbs

2Mbs

GFP

POS

GFP

GFP

Some of the benefits brought by the OTN layer can be summarised as: !" Supporting legacy networks, which for the most implies SDH and SONET networks, will provide some performance monitoring, but it cannot be assumed

Submarine links have always had a more complex structure compared to terrestrial links because of the longer spans, lack of maintenance access and extreme environmental conditions. However the G.975 recommendation only provided an outline for the operation of the links and relied on a "joint engineering" specification being agreed for any interworking. Hence the most submarine links use a proprietary line coding scheme within the fibre system and usually hand-off to the network is standard SDH.
2

Optical Transport Networks

The Optical Transport Network (OTN) is the name given to the latest generation of transport architectures. These

The definition of wave division multiplexing is generally that systems supporting more than 16 wavelengths are defined as "dense" WDM systems. This results in a wavelength spacing of 200GHz (1.6nm), 100GHz (0.8nm) or 50GHz (0.4nm). Recently a new lower cost technology has been introduced "coarse" WDM which has a much wider 2500GHz (20nm) channel spacing.

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Marconi NG OCS OTN Tutorial

that this data will be available for end-to-end performance data. !" The concept of wavelength services further reinforces the fact that the underlying service are not necessarily SDH/SONET services and that to be able to provide a managed service needs the provision of a separate overhead facility. !" In DWDM systems it is not ideal to extract the client payload every time the signal needs to be regenerated. In fact this adds a significant overhead to the hardware because each regenerator will be different depending on the type of client payload being carried. This was one of the drivers for the original development of SDH systems to avoid having to demultiplex down to the lowest PDH level at each multiplexer site. !" Defining a "transparent" higher layer network has significant advantages when implementing what are effectively Optical-Electrical-Optical (O-E-O) switches, because there is a readily defined format for switching lower rates. !" The Marconi implementation of OTN O-E-O switch cores (as used for MSH2K, MSH64C and MSH-ES), has a further unique advantage in that the switch plane can simultaneously support both conventional SDH structure traffic and G.709 OTN structured traffic on both a wavelength and sub-wavelength level.

which would have required some enhanced framing and overhead facility to ensure the integrity of their connectivity. An extension to this concept was to use 4 based transmission systems, which have soliton significantly longer reach than conventional optical systems combined with all optical switch planes. The concepts takes advantage of the soliton's long haul properties as a mechanism to by-pass some wavelengths at intermediate sites. This can reduce significantly the number of optical-electrical-optical (OEO) conversions required in a network and hence the cost by reducing the number of transponders required. As the initial rush to build giant networks subsided and a more modest expectation developed, and it became apparent that the features defined by G.709 are still as important to the integrity of these networks as they were in the heyday of the "dot.com" boom. One of the key features supported by G.709 is the ability to provide monitoring of wavelengths as they traverse DWDM networks without the need to revert back to the original client signals. Another important function of the OTN structure is to introduce a relatively simple mechanism for the handling and management of larger payloads. The largest building block defined within SDH is a VC-4 container which was designed to carry a 140Mbit/s PDH signal. Higher rates can be carried by concatenating these VC-4 containers together, but the underlying functionality is designed for the transport of smaller pieces of data. OTN assumes that the smallest item being handled is a 2.5Gbit/s stream, which is equivalent to an STM-16.

STM-64 STM-64

End to end paths

TRANS Through intermediate transponders

"micromachining" processes that selectively etch away parts of the silicon wafer or add new structural layers to form the mechanical and electromechanical devices. (see http://www.memsnet.org/mems) A soliton or solitary wave was first observed by John Scott Russell on the Union Canal near Edinburgh. In 1834, John Scott Russell was observing a boat being drawn along 'rapidly' by a pair of horses. When the boat suddenly stopped Scott Russell noticed that the bow wave continued forward "at great velocity, assuming the form of a large solitary elevation, a well-defined heap of water which continued its course along the channel apparently without change of form or diminution of speed". Intrigued, the young scientist followed the wave on horseback as it rolled on at about eight or nine miles an hour, but after a chase of one or two miles he lost it. After a delay which would probably be unacceptable to present day funding bodies, and in a field he could never have dreamed of, Scott Russell's observations and research of 160 years ago have hit the big time in the present day fibre-optic communications industry. The qualities of the soliton wave which excited him (the fact that it does not break up, spread out or lose strength over distance) make it ideal for fibre-optic communications networks where billions of solitons per second carry information down fibre circuits for cable TV, telephone and computers ("The secrets of everlasting life", New Scientist 15 April 1995). (For more information see: http://www.ma.hw.ac.uk/solitons/press.html)
4

Through intermediate electrical switches

Figure 2 Applications of G.709 Frames When the G.709 recommendation was being developed, the expectation was for a much more buoyant optical switching marketplace than we see today. Most of the major vendors were proposing large all optical MicroElectro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS)3 based switches,

Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) is the integration of mechanical elements, sensors, actuators, and electronics on a common silicon substrate through microfabrication technology. While the electronics are fabricated using integrated circuit (IC) process sequences (e.g., CMOS, Bipolar, or BICMOS processes), the micromechanical components are fabricated using compatible

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Marconi NG OCS OTN Tutorial

OTN Client interfaces

There are two basic client interfaces defined for mapping into ODUs. These are: !" CBR (Constant Bit Rate) signals at 2.5Gb/s, 10Gb/s and 40Gb/s which covers SDH/SONET STM/OC rates and CBR ATM streams !" And frame based GFP traffic to carry data traffic. GFP frames can be variable length and are more appropriate for data traffic (e.g. Gigabit Ethernet) Note: Marconis standard mapping for GFP is into VCG and then into ODU - this allows interworking between SDH products and DWDM based products5.

It is possible also to have simple "grey" interfaces which are not coloured. These have only one line rate and so a 10.7 Gb/s signal (level 2) would be shown as: OTM-0.2 Finally the coloured interface from a DWDM card in one of the Marconi OCS products, operating at 10.7Gb/s would be shown as: OTM-1.2 This is explained in more details in the glossary section where the definition from the ITU-T recommendation is also included.

OTN Frame Structure

All optical transmission frame structures are similar in nature, with framing sequence, a payload area and some management. As management has become more important the amount of the capacity given over to support this has increased. For example in G.703 2Mbit/s transmission systems there was only one byte (TS0) allocated for management. This caused several multiframe schemes to be defined, which also included simple error checking. SDH introduced the concept of sections and paths - a VC-12 path carrying 2Mbit/s now has both path overhead for the whole connection and section overhead for each optical link which makes up the connection. The payload capacities defined by G.709 are such that they match exactly those of SDH/SONET signals, allowing for the multiplexing of ODUs at higher rates. The tolerance of the line rate is also the same at 20ppm. Mapping into OPU (Optical Payload Unit) and OTU (Optical Transmission Unit) adds to the line rate slightly, with the STM-64 equivalent requiring a line rate of 10.7Gbit/s. The diagram below shows the relationship between client payloads and the line rates.
Payload 2.5 Gb/s OPU1 OTU1 10 Gb/s OPU2 OTU2 40 Gb/s OPU3 OTU3 Nominal Bit Rate 2 488 320 kb/s 2 488 320 kb/s 2 666 057.143 kb/s 9 953 280 kb/s 9 995 276.992 kb/s 10 709 225.316 kb/s 39 813 120 kb/s 40 150 159.322 kb/s 43 018 413.559 kb/s SDH/SONET Rate STM-16 / OC-48

OTN Notation
The notation associated with the OTN frame structure takes a slightly different format to that of SDH and SONET, and it is important to understand the concepts to avoid confusion. SDH and SONET notation was based on the concept of TDM (Time Division Multiplexing) where there was only one optical signal transmitted down a fibre at any one time. This optical signal has a defined bit rate to the line which is indicated by the numerical suffix, e.g. an STM-64 signal will always have a bit rate of 9.953280 Gb/s (+/- 20ppm). OTN notation has to take into account, not only that there are different TDM line rates, but that there is also wave division multiplexing (WDM) as well. This introduces an almost two dimensional concept to the defintion of the line interface in that there can be different wavelengths and these wavelength can be operating at different rates. The defintion of the OTN rate is by an "Optical Transport Module" (OTM), which has two numerical suffices:

OTM-

n The index "n" represents the maximum number of wavelengths that can be supported (at any rate) N=0 represents "grey" interface. a

.m The index "m" represents the bit rate or set of bit rates on the interface. There can be more than one bit rate on an interface.

STM-64 / OC-192

STM-256 / OC-768

For example, an interface with 16 wavelengths, which has signals at both the level 1 and level 2 rates (2.6 Gb/s and 10.7 Gb/s) would be shown as: OTM-16.12

Figure 3 G.709 Line and Frame Rates Increases in bit rate from the client rate due the addition of overheads are shown. There are some close synergies between the way that SDH frames are constructed and the OTN frames.

The decision on whether data should be mapped into SDH based VC groups or OTN based ODUs depends largely on the capacity required and the source and destination of the data. Larger payloads may be better suited to ODU mapping, but if the destination equipment is SDH based an intermediate conversion would be required and hence a more pragmatic approach is to map into SDH at both ends of the link more maximum flexibility.

Figure 4 shows the conceptual similarities between SDH and OTN. This may be helpful for those readers who are familiar with SDH.

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Marconi NG OCS OTN Tutorial

OTM

OTU
Optical Transport Unit Adds Frame Alignment Adds section overhead/monitoring Adds FEC

ODU

OPU
Optical Payload Unit Async/bit sync mapping to OTU

Mapping of Client Signals

In its' simplest format OTN maps client signals (e.g. STM16 or CBR2G5 rat signals) into the appropriate corresponding ODU container/data unit at the same line rate plus an overhead. This simple mapping of client signals is adequate where all the clients are at the same rate as the DWDM systems they are feeding, i.e. the DWDM systems provides OTM1.2 transponders carrying STM-64 or equivalent client payloads. This is illustrated in Figure 7, the current version of G.709 includes the support of client signals at 2.5Gbit/s, 10Gbit/s and 40Gbit/s which covers the three highest SDH rates. However this doesn't cover the case where a lot of the client signals are at STM-16 and the DWDM system operates at 10Gbit/s. If each 2.5Gbit/s client signal uses a wavelength capable of carrying a 10Gbit/s signal then there is considerable under-utilisation of the transport system.

Optical Transport Module Multiplexes nxOTU separate wavelengths

Optical Data Unit Adds overheads for payload monitoring and trace

Client Signal SDH/SONET ATM, IP, GigE

Optical Channel (Och)

Section

Virtual Container SDH Equivalent

Container

Figure 4 SDH and OTN frames

The frame structure in Figure 5 shows the client signals and the addition of the levels of overhead. In this case it is shown for a "grey" interface.
CLIENT OPUk ODUk OTUk OCHr OTM0 OTM0 is the simplest interface # No colour/wavelength # No optical supervisory channel # Generic OTM0.k OH OH TCM ODUk TC OCh PAYLOAD OCh PAYLOAD OH PAYLOAD OPUk OTUk FEC

OTU3[V]

x1

ODU3

x1

OPU3 Client Signal 40Gb/s

OTU2[V]

x1

ODU2

x1

OPU2 Client Signal 10Gb/s

OTU1[V]
# # #

x1

ODU1

x1

OPU1 Client Signal 2.5Gb/s

OTM0.1 carrying OTU1 OTM0.2 carrying OTU2 OTM0.3 carrying OTU3

Figure 5 OTN G.709 Frame Structure Figure 5 illustrates the simplest mapping of a client signal into the simplest OTN "grey" interface. However this shows the build up of the frame structure, with the overhead added at each stage. The addition of the Tandem Connection Monitoring (TCM) specific bytes are highlighted in the creation of the ODUk structure. (The implementation and application of TCM is explained later in this document).

Figure 7 G.709 Mapping of Client Signals One option if the signals are SDH structured at STM-16 is to carry out SDH multiplexing to STM-64 rates. This may not be possible where the signals are not SDH structured or it may be that the telco has very good reasons not to process the SDH signals. An example of this is the interconnection of MS SPRING rings from different SDH vendors using Marconi equipment. Terminating the SDH section would require processing the SDH overhead, which would affect the operation of the MS SPRING protocol and require interworking between different implementations of MS SPRING protocol. OTN provides the capability to offer virtual fibre services with all the benefits of a managed network.

CLIENT OH OH ODUk OH OTUk OCHr OCh PAYLOAD OTM0 OTM0 OPUk TCM ODUk TC OCh PAYLOAD PAYLOAD OPUk OTUk FEC OTUk OCHr ODUk OH OH OPUk TCM ODUk TC OH

CLIENT PAYLOAD OPUk OTUk FEC

OCh PAYLOAD OCh PAYLOAD

OCCp OOS
(OTM Overhead Signal)

OCCp

OCCp

OCCp

OCCp

OTU3[V]

x1

ODU3

x1

OPU3 ODTUG3 x4 x16 Client Signal 40Gb/s

OMSn PAYLOAD OTSn PAYLOAD

OTU2[V] x1

ODU2

x1

OPU2 Client Signal 10Gb/s ODTUG2

Figure 6 OTN Wave Division Multiplexing

x1 x4

OTU1[V]

ODU1

x1

OPU1

Client Signal 2.5Gb/s

Figure 8 G.709 ODU Multiplexing

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Marconi NG OCS OTN Tutorial

The solution to the problem of efficiently carrying client signals at higher rates is to introduce multiplexing of ODUs between the different levels. By mapping into OTN and multiplexing it is possible to both offer virtual fibre services and make efficient use of wavelengths at the same time. The integrity of the client signal is maintained, but the telco can offer a fully managed virtual fibre/wavelength service using the OTN as the service layer. The simple analogy here is with SDH, in that SDH provides its' own performance monitoring function to ensure the error free delivery of PDH services. The PDH signals are simply mapped into SDH VC's and carried transparently by the SDH layer. The introduction of an OTN layer allows the efficient transport of the SDH clients in the same manner.
Alignment

Typically this is a requirement where a customers circuit traverses more than one telcos network. What is required is the ability to monitor performance across a number of SDH sections, but because the endpoint are not available an alternative mechanism is required. This is the ability to monitor "tandem connections" across the network. Hence TCM (Tandem Connection Monitoring). The SDH SONET standards did not originally include the definition for TCM and had to be modified well after the initial design and rollout of equipment. As a result the implementation and take of TCM functionality has been very patchy across both equipment vendors and network operators. An additional drawback of the SDH/SONET implementation of TCM is that only one byte was allocated which meant that only one layer of TCM could be supported at any time. When the OTN standards were defined these issues were recognised and a much more flexible implementation of TCM was defined. Six layers of TCM have been defined, and overlapping and nested TCM sections are also allowed. There are a set of protocols which need to be agreed for the allocation of TCM between different telcos handling the same section. Two examples are shown in Figure 11 and Figure 12.

OPU1 OH

ODU1

ODU1 OH

Client Layer Signal (e.g. STM-16, ATM, GFP)

ODU2

ODU2 OH

OH ODU1 OH ODU1 OH OH

Alignment

OPU1 OH OPU1 OH OPU1 OH OPU1 OH

OPU2 OH

OTU2 OH

OTU2

ODU2 OH

Align. Align. Align. ODU1 Align. ODU1

OH ODU1 OH ODU1 OH OH

Client Layer Signal Client Layer Signal (e.g. STM-16, ATM, GFP) Client Layer Signal (e.g. STM-16, ATM, GFP) Client Layer Signal (e.g. STM-16, ATM, GFP) (e.g. STM-16, ATM, GFP)

OPU1 OH OPU1 OH OPU1 OH OPU1 OH

OPU2 OH

Align. Align. Align. ODU1 Align. ODU1

4x

Client Layer Signal Client Layer Signal (e.g. STM-16, ATM, GFP) Client Layer Signal (e.g. STM-16, ATM, GFP) Client Layer Signal (e.g. STM-16, ATM, GFP) (e.g. STM-16, ATM, GFP)

OTU2 FEC
TCM6 TCM5 TCM4 TCM3 TCM2 TCM1 TCM6 TCM5 TCM4 TCM3 TCM2 TCM1 B1 C1 TCM6 TCM5 TCM4 TCM3 TCM2 TCM1 C2 TCM6 TCM5 TCM4 TCM3 TCM2 TCM1 B2 TCM6 TCM5 TCM4 TCM3 TCM2 TCM1 B3 TCM6 TCM5 TCM4 TCM3 TCM2 TCM1 B4 TCM6 TCM5 TCM4 TCM3 TCM2 TCM1 A2

ITU-T Rec. G.709/Y.1331/Amd.1 (11/2001) Figure III.1/G.709/Y.1331

Figure 9 Example of ODU Multiplexing

Tandem Connection Monitoring

SDH/SONET performance monitoring supports path and section monitoring. This is acceptable for a number of applications where a single telco has ownership of the whole network. However where the path traverses a number of different networks it can be difficult to assemble performance information for part of the path which traverses a number of sections.
tion

A1

C1 - C2 B1 - B2 A1 - A2 TCMi TCM OH field not in use TCMi TCM OH field in use B3 - B4

ITU-T Rec. G.709 Figure 15/16/G.709

Figure 11 Nested TCM Example

Sec

TCM6 TCM5 TCM4 TCM3 TCM2 TCM1

TCM6 TCM5 TCM4 TCM3 TCM2 TCM1 B1 C1

TCM6 TCM5 TCM4 TCM3 TCM2 TCM1 B2

TCM6 TCM5 TCM4 TCM3 TCM2 TCM1 C2

TCM6 TCM5 TCM4 TCM3 TCM2 TCM1 A2

Pa th

A1

C1 - C2

Similar in concept to SDH/SONET and brings the benefits of these technologies to the optical layer

B1 - B2 A1 - A2 TCMi TCM OH field not in use TCMi TCM OH field in use

Figure 10 OTN Paths and Sections

ITU-T Rec. G.709 Figure 15/17/G.709

Figure 12 Overlapping TCM Example

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Marconi NG OCS OTN Tutorial

OTN Applications
One of the applications for OTN is in the "carriers' carrier" layer/segment of the telecomm network, where maintaining totally the integrity of the SDH signal provides the opportunity to offer a value added service. This allows the multiplexing of non-SDH payloads for transport over 10Gbit/s DWDM systems.
#

(Automatic Switched Optical Networks) switching. The possibility to allow autonomous self discovered restoration in the event of a major disaster is a very attractive proposition in the post 9/11 telecomm world where business continuity and disaster recovery are increasingly important features.

Transparent payload transportation e.g.

$ $

Carriers carrier SDH/SONET ring protection schemes

SDH overheads unchanged G.709 Frame

Carrier A OTN

Customer C SDH Traffic

SDH NE
Carrier B OTN

SDH NE

Performance/section/ path monitoring independent of payload

Figure 13 Transparent Transport Using OTN

Transparent payload transportation

$

e.g. SDH/SONET
SDH overheads unchanged

Optical Transmission Network

Performance/section/path monitoring independent of payload

Figure 14 Performance Monitoring on OTN networks

# # #

Multi-service delivery Efficient use of bandwidth Efficient use of transponders

Virtual fibre services

Optical Transmission Network

SDH/SONET/ODU/ ATM/GFP/CBR or mix of services

Performance/section/path monitoring independent of payload

Figure 15 Multi-service Delivery Using OTN

OTN has defined linear protection mechanisms which further enhance the level of service offered (as this paper is being written the ring based OTN protection schemes are still under study by the ITU-T SG15 working group). However OTN networks with their granularity at 2.5Gbit/s offer real benefits when combined with ASTN (Automatic Switched Telecommunications Networks) and ASON

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Marconi Product Outlines

Marconi can offer a truly integrated product family supporting OTN applications simultaneously with SDH switching. These can further be enhanced by the network protection of ASTN switching.
#

Photonics inner core

MSH-ES/2K/64C combines SDH/SONET and ODU switch fabrics. Can be used to build efficient core transport networks

Non SDH payloads

Us OD

PL/ PM
SDH based payloads

MSH64C 80Gbit/s switch with:

$ $ $

OTN switch upgrade OTM0.2/STM-64 Line cards 4 x OTM0.1/STM-16 Line/Trib cards

MSH64C

VC 4s

MSH OTN / SDH Switch

OTN LAYER SDH/SONET LAYER

MSH2K 320Gbits switch with:

$ $ $ $

SDH outer core

OTN subrack OTN switch upgrade OTM0.2/STM-64 traffic cards 4 x OTM0.1/STM-16 traffic cards

MSH2K

Figure 17 MSH Unique Functionality This functionality can be provided by the MSH2K, MSH64C and MSH-ES Optical Core Switch products. MV36/38 Network Management

MSH-ES 960Gbits centralised switch matrix with MSH64C or MSH2K to provide line/trib access
MSH-ES

Figure 16 OTN Switching Products MSH2K Compact SDH/OTN DXC This is a single rack solution offering a non-blocking switch capacity of 320Gb/s (2048 x STM-1 equivalents). The MSH2K can also be upgraded in service to support the switching of OTN based traffic and to become an integrated sub-rack of the MSH-ES scalable cross connect product. MSH64C Compact SDH/OTN ADM Marconi's MSH64C is a compact high density SDH/OTN ADM which can used in high order SDH and OTN applications as either a collection/metro equipment or a mini-DXC. The SDH version of the MSH64C can be upgraded in service to support the switching of OTN based traffic and to become an integrated sub-rack of the MSHES scalable cross connect product. MSH-ES SDH/OTN Scalable Cross Connect The MSH-ES provides an upgrade to the MSH2K product with an initial switch capacity of 960Gbit/s. Because of the modular nature of the design and the provision of separate switch racks the design is open to further capacity upgrades to many terabits. MSH2K/MSH-ES Unique Functionality One of the unique features of the MSH2K/64C and MSHES product family is the combination of both SDH and OTN switch fabrics into the same centralised switch architecture. With this approach it is possible to flexibly translate between OTN and SDH interfaces and seamlessly map SDH VC's into ODU's in the same switch fabric.

Marconi Network Management System MV38 is application software for managing whole network composed by SDH equipment and/or DWDM (SmartPhotoniX) equipment and/or SDH access equipment. MV38 is based on the Logical Layered Architecture specified in ITU-T Recommendation M.3010 and is fully aware of the topology of the network. It can provide end to end trail provisioning, full performance monitoring and fault reporting. GMPLS/ASTN control plane All the products described above are designed with a GMPLS/ASTN enabled control architecture. MLS Multi Layer Switch Marconi's expertise in DWDM and optical switching can be combined to provide an integrated multi-layer switching solution. This takes the long haul and ultra-long haul network components, combining them with the OEO/OTN/SDH capability of the OCS switches and restoration/resilience features of an integrated ASTN plane to provide a truly scalable solution in a single network element.

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Marconi NG OCS OTN Tutorial

Term

Definition Forward error correction General Communication Channel Group Identification Intra-Domain Interface Incoming Alignment Error Inter-Domain Interface Justification Overhead Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme Least Significant Bit MultiFrame Alignment Signal Multiframe Indicator Maintenance Signal Most Significant Bit Multiplex Structure Identifier Member Status non-associated overhead Network node interface Normal Operating Mode Optical Channel Carrier Optical Channel Carrier - overhead Optical Channel Carrier - payload Optical Channel Carrier reduced functionality Optical Carrier Group Optical Carrier Group with reduced functionality Open Connection Indication Optical channel functionality Optical channel functionality with with full with

Glossary and References

Glossary
Terms and definitions are as defined by ITU-T recommendation G.709. These are provided for information only. The definitive source for this information is the ITU-T recommendations. Some relevant standards are listed in the reference section following the glossary.

FEC GCC GID IaDI IAE IrDI JOH LCAS

Term AI AIS APS BDI BDI-O BDI-P BEI BI BIAE BIP CBR CI CM CMEP CMOH CRC CTRL DAPI DNU EDC EOS EXP ExTI FAS FDI FDI-O FDI-P

Definition Adapted information Alarm Indication Signal Automatic Protection Switching Backward Defect Indication Backward Overhead Backward Payload Defect Defect Indication Indication

LSB MFAS MFI MS MSB MSI MST naOH NNI NORM Alignment OCC OCCo OCCp OCCr OCG OCGr OCI OCh OChr ODTUjk ODTUG ODU ODUk

Backward Error Indication Backward Indication Backward Error Incoming

Bit Interleaved Parity Constant Bit Rate Characteristic information Connection Monitoring Connection Monitoring End Point Connection Monitoring overhead Cyclic Redundancy Check Control word sent from source to sink Destination Access Point Identifier Do Not Use Error Detection Code End of Sequence Experimental Expected Trace Identifier Frame Alignment Signal Forward Defect Indication Forward Overhead Defect Indication

reduced

Optical channel Data Tributary Unit j into k Optical channel Data Tributary Unit Group Optical Channel Data Unit Optical Channel Data Unit-k The ODUk is an information structure consisting of the information payload (OPUk) and ODUk related overhead. ODUk capacities for k = 1, k = 2, k = 3 are defined.

Forward Defect Indication Payload

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Marconi NG OCS OTN Tutorial

Term ODUk-Xv OH OMS OMS-OH OMU ONNI OOS OPS OPSn

Definition X virtually concatenated ODUk's Overhead Optical multiplex section Optical multiplex section overhead Optical Multiplex Unit Optical network node interface OTM Overhead Signal Optical Physical Section Optical Physical Section of order n (OPSn): A layer network that provides functionality for transmission of a multi-wavelength optical signal on optical media of various types (e.g. G.652, G.653 and G.655 fibre). Note that a "multi-wavelength" signal includes the case of just one optical channel. It combines the transport functionality of the OMS and OTS layer networks without their supervisory information. OPSn capacities for n = 0 and n = 16 are defined.

Term

Definition n: The index "n" is used to represent the order of the OTM, OTS, OMS, OPS, OCG, OMU. n represents the maximum number of wavelengths that can be supported at the lowest bit rate supported on the wavelength. It is possible that a reduced number of higher bit rate wavelengths are supported. n = 0 represents the case of a single channel without a specific colour assigned to the channel. r: The index "r", if present, is used to indicate a reduced functionality OTM, OCG, OCC and OCh (nonassociated overhead is not supported). Note that for n = 0 the index r is not required as it implies always reduced functionality. m: The index "m" is used to represent the bit rate or set of bit rates supported on the interface. This is one or more digits "k", where each "k" represents a particular bit rate. The valid values for m are (1, 2, 3, 12, 123, 23). k: The index "k" is used to represent a supported bit rate and the different versions of OPUk, ODUk and OTUk. k = 1 represents an approximate bit rate of 2.5 Gbit/s, k = 2 represents an approximate bit rate of 10 Gbit/s, and k = 3 represents an approximate bit rate of 40 Gbit/s.

OPU OPUk

Optical Channel Payload Unit Optical Channel Payload Unit-k The OPUk is the information structure used to adapt client information for transport over an optical channel. It comprises client information together with any overhead needed to perform rate adaptation between the client signal rate and the OPUk payload rate and other OPUk overhead supporting the client signal transport. This overhead is adaptation specific. OPUk capacities for k = 1, k = 2, k = 3 are defined.

OTN OTS OTS-OH OTU OTUk

Optical transport network Optical transmission section Optical transmission overhead section

Optical Channel Transport Unit completely standardised Channel Transport Unit-k Optical

OPUk-Xv OSC OTH OTM

X virtually concatenated OPUk's Optical Supervisory Channel Optical transport hierarchy Optical transport module

OTM-n[r].m

The OTM is the information structure that is transported across an ONNI. The index n and m define the number of supported wavelengths and bit rates at the interface.

The OTUk is the information structure used for transport of an ODUk over one or more optical channel connections. It consists of the optical channel data unit and OTUk related overhead (FEC and overhead for management of an optical channel connection). It is characterized by its frame structure, bit rate, and bandwidth. OTUk capacities for k = 1, k = 2, k = 3 are defined. The completely standardized OTUk is used on OTM IrDIs and may be

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Term OTUkV

Definition used on OTM IaDIs. functionally standardised Optical Channel Transport Unit-k The partly standardized OTUk is used on OTM IaDIs.

optical fibre cable G.653 (2000) Characteristics of a dispersionshifted single-mode optical fibre cable Characteristics of a non-zero dispersion shifted single-mode optical fibre cable Optical interfaces for intra-office systems Network node interface for the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) Generic functional architecture of transport networks Characteristics of transport equipment Description methodology and generic functionality Architecture of optical transport networks Optical Transport Network Linear Protection Optical Transport network physical layer interfaces Generic Framing Procedure Generic network information model Amendment 3: Definition of the management interface for a generic alarm reporting control (ARC) feature Link Capacity Scheme (LCAS) Concatenation Adjustment For Virtual

G.655 (2000)

PCC PLD PM PMI PMOH ppm PRBS PSI PT RES RS RS-Ack SAPI Sk SM SMOH So SQ TC TCM TCMOH TS TxTI UNI VCG VCOH vcPT

Protection Communication Channel Payload Path Monitoring Payload Missing Indication Path Monitoring OverHead parts per million Pseudo Random Binary Sequence Payload Structure Identifier Payload Type Reserved for future international standardisation Reed-Solomon Re-sequence acknowledge Source Access Point Identifier Sink Section Monitoring Section Monitoring OverHead Source Sequence Indicator Tandem Connection Tandem Connection Monitoring Tandem Connection OverHead Tributary Slot Transmitted Trace Identifier User to Network Interface Virtual Concatenation Group Virtual Concatenation Overhead virtual concatenated Payload Type Monitoring

G.693 (2001) G.707/Y.1322 (2000)

G.805 (2000) G.806 (2000)

G.872 (1999) G.873.1 (2003) G.959.1 (2001) G.7041 (2001) M.3100 (1995)/Amd.3 (2001)

G.7042 (2001)

References
ITU-T Recommendation G.709/Y.1331 G.652 (2000) Title Interfaces for the optical transport network (OTN) Characteristics of a single-mode

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Summary
Marconi's wide portfolio of optical networking products combined with it's expertise in managing networks provides customers with the building blocks for an integrated 21st century network. Marconi can plan, deliver and install all of the components and offer ongoing support to provide the best in class future proof network. Marconi's internationally recognised capability has led to Marconi products being deployed all over the world by many different operators. The products described in this white paper can be deployed to create cost effective, efficient networks which can change to meet the needs of a dynamic marketplace. However customers can be assured that because of Marconi's vast experience in developing many different types of telecom products and it's involvement in defining new standards, these new products will continue in the tradition of providing the features needed by networks in the 21st century.

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This is an unpublished work the copyright in which vests in Marconi Communications Limited. All rights reserved. The information contained herein is confidential and the property of Marconi Communications Limited and is supplied without liability for errors or omissions. No part may be reproduced, disclosed or used except as authorised by contract or other written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction on reproduction and use extend to all media in which the information may be embodied. This document is intended to provide outline information only, which (unless agreed by Marconi Communications in writing) may not be used, applied or reproduced for any purpose or form part of any order or contract or be regarded as a representation relating to the products concerned. Marconi Communications Limited reserves the right to alter without notice the specification, design, price or conditions of supply of any product or service.

Marconi Communications Limited 2003. All rights reserved

NGOCSOTN JEVERETT 2003-10-27 ISSUE 01

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