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CLASS II CAVI1\ PRLPARA1ION CLASS II CAVI1\ PRLPARA1ION

lOR lOR
AMALGAM AMALGAM
& DLSIGN VARIA1IONS & DLSIGN VARIA1IONS
CON1LN1S CON1LN1S
I, I, Deinition . Deinition .
II, II, 1ooth preparation 1ooth preparation oernin actors. oernin actors.
1, Outline orm. 1, Outline orm.
2, Resistance orm. 2, Resistance orm.
3, Retention orm. 3, Retention orm.
III, III, Instrumentation. Instrumentation.
1, Outline orm. 1, Outline orm.
2, Primary resistance orm. 2, Primary resistance orm.
3, Primary retention orm. 3, Primary retention orm.
4, Remoal o deectie L & old restorations. 4, Remoal o deectie L & old restorations.
5, Pulp protection. 5, Pulp protection.
6, Secondary resistance & retention. 6, Secondary resistance & retention.
, linal procedures. , linal procedures.
IV, IV, Desins o caity preparations. Desins o caity preparations.
V, Variations o one proximal tooth surace V, Variations o one proximal tooth surace
preparations. preparations.
VI, Modiications in tooth preparation. VI, Modiications in tooth preparation.
VII, Lxtended Cl II amlaam. VII, Lxtended Cl II amlaam.
VIII, Cl II perp. in primary teeth. VIII, Cl II perp. in primary teeth.
IX, Conseratie preparations. IX, Conseratie preparations.
X, Reerences X, Reerences . .
CLASS II CAVI1Y PRLPARA1ION CLASS II CAVI1Y PRLPARA1ION
IOR AMALGAM IOR AMALGAM
DLlINI1ION: DLlINI1ION:
A Class II caity preparation is the proximo A Class II caity preparation is the proximo--acial acial
,linual,, proximo ,linual,, proximo--occlusal ,or combination occlusal ,or combination
there o, tooth preparation. there o, tooth preparation.
It is part o mechanotherapy or a smooth It is part o mechanotherapy or a smooth
surace lesion, inolin the proximal suraces surace lesion, inolin the proximal suraces
o molars & premolars. o molars & premolars.
C1
Slide 4
C1
Conservative01, 3/7/2007
1OO1H PRLPARA1ION 1OO1H PRLPARA1ION
INI1IAL PRLPARA1ION INI1IAL PRLPARA1ION--
Goernin actors: Goernin actors:
OU1LINL lORM: OU1LINL lORM:
lollowin actors dictate the outline lollowin actors dictate the outline
orm, orm,
A, A, Proportional size o caries in Proportional size o caries in
enamel to that in dentin, their enamel to that in dentin, their
relatie size to that o relatie size to that o
uncleansable prox. areas: uncleansable prox. areas:
i, i, lorward ,pit, decay: caries cone lorward ,pit, decay: caries cone
in L uncleansable area in L uncleansable area
i, i, Backward decay: caries cone does Backward decay: caries cone does
not undermine all enamel. not undermine all enamel.
ii, ii, Backward decay: caries cone in Backward decay: caries cone in
dentin uncleansable area dentin uncleansable area
i, i, lorward decay: more extensie L lorward decay: more extensie L
decalciication than the limit o sel decalciication than the limit o sel
cleansable area. cleansable area.
B, Lxtension or coninence or access. B, Lxtension or coninence or access.
C, Location & condition o the inia. C, Location & condition o the inia.
D, Condition o the marinal ride. D, Condition o the marinal ride.
L, Conexity o the proximal surace. L, Conexity o the proximal surace.
l, Location & extent o the contact areas & their l, Location & extent o the contact areas & their
relation to the marinal rides, embrasures & relation to the marinal rides, embrasures &
inia. inia.
G, Modiyin actors inluencin outline orm: G, Modiyin actors inluencin outline orm:
i, i, Masticatory loads. Masticatory loads.
ii, ii, Generalized plaque index. Generalized plaque index.
iii, iii, Localized carioenic actors. Localized carioenic actors.
i, i, Lsthetics. Lsthetics.
, , 1ooth position. 1ooth position.
RLSIS1ANCL lORM: RLSIS1ANCL lORM:
A, A, Occlusal loadin & its eects: Occlusal loadin & its eects:
i, A small cusp contacts the ossa away i, A small cusp contacts the ossa away
rom the restored proximal surace rom the restored proximal surace
at centric closure. at centric closure.
ii, Lare cusp contacts ii, Lare cusp contacts ossa adjacent ossa adjacent
to the restored prox. to the restored prox.
surace,centric,. surace,centric,.
iii, Occludin cusp contacts iii, Occludin cusp contacts l & L tooth l & L tooth
str. Surroundin a proximo str. Surroundin a proximo--occlusal restor. occlusal restor.
i, Occludin cusp contacts i, Occludin cusp contacts l & L linual l & L linual
parts o the restor. Surrounded by tooth str. parts o the restor. Surrounded by tooth str.
, Occludin cusps , Occludin cusps contact l & L parts o contact l & L parts o
restor. Completely replacin l & L parts o restor. Completely replacin l & L parts o
the tooth structure. the tooth structure.
i, Occludin cusp i, Occludin cusp contacts restor. Marinal contacts restor. Marinal
ride. ride.
ii, Cusp ii, Cusp occlude, discocclude ia the l , L occlude, discocclude ia the l , L
rooe o the restor. rooe o the restor.
iii, Cusps & crossin rides are part o the restor. iii, Cusps & crossin rides are part o the restor.
in centric & excursie moements. in centric & excursie moements.
ix, Axial portions o the restoration durin centric ix, Axial portions o the restoration durin centric
& excursie mots. & excursie mots.
x, Restoration not in contact , is in premature x, Restoration not in contact , is in premature
contact. contact.
Amalam Amalam least resistant to tensile stress. least resistant to tensile stress.
most resistant to compressie most resistant to compressie
stress. stress.
1ooth structure when interrupted by caity 1ooth structure when interrupted by caity
prep prep least resistant to shear stress. least resistant to shear stress.
1hereore, Cl II caity prep 1hereore, Cl II caity prep desined to resist desined to resist
cyclic loadin cyclic loadin while minimizin while minimizin tensile tensile loadin loadin in in
amalam & amalam & shear loadin shear loadin in the remainin tooth in the remainin tooth
structure. structure.
B, Desin eatures or protection o the mechanical B, Desin eatures or protection o the mechanical
interity o the restor. interity o the restor.
1, 1, IS1lMUS IS1lMUS: :
1he junction b,n the occlusal part o a restor. & the 1he junction b,n the occlusal part o a restor. & the
prox. l , L parts. prox. l , L parts.
Potentially deleterious tensile loadin occurs. Potentially deleterious tensile loadin occurs.
Mathematical, mech., photoelastic analyses o these Mathematical, mech., photoelastic analyses o these
stresses reeal, stresses reeal,
i, i, lulcrum o bendin occurs at the axio lulcrum o bendin occurs at the axio--pulpal,A pulpal,A--P, line P, line
anle. anle.
ii, ii, Stresses Stresses closer to the surace o the restor., away closer to the surace o the restor., away
rom that o the ulcrum. rom that o the ulcrum.
iii, iii, 1ensile stresses predominate at the marinal ride area 1ensile stresses predominate at the marinal ride area
o the proximo o the proximo--occlusal restor. occlusal restor.
Material tends to ail, startin rom the Material tends to ail, startin rom the
surace, near the marinal ride & surace, near the marinal ride &
proceedin internally, toward the A proceedin internally, toward the A--P line P line
anle. anle.
A theoretical solution miht be, A theoretical solution miht be,
1, 1, amalam bulk at the A amalam bulk at the A--P line anle. P line anle.
2, Brin A 2, Brin A--P line anle closer to the surace P line anle closer to the surace
3,i, Combination o aboe 2 solutions, 3,i, Combination o aboe 2 solutions,
a, amalam bulk at marinal ride. a, amalam bulk at marinal ride.
b, Brin A b, Brin A--P line anle away rom stress conc. P line anle away rom stress conc.
area. area.
ii, Roundin o A ii, Roundin o A--P line anle. P line anle.
iii, Slantin o axial wall iii, Slantin o axial wall depth depth rather than rather than
width. width.
i, llat pulpal & inial loors. i, llat pulpal & inial loors.
, Lery part o the preparation sel retentie. , Lery part o the preparation sel retentie.
i, Aoid leain surace discontinuties. i, Aoid leain surace discontinuties.
ii, Check occlusion. ii, Check occlusion.
2, MARGINS 2, MARGINS::
i, i, Create butt joint. Create butt joint.
ii, ii, Leae no rail enamel. Leae no rail enamel.
iii, iii, Interace b,n amalam & tooth str. Should not be at Interace b,n amalam & tooth str. Should not be at
the occludin contact area. the occludin contact area.
3,CUSPS & AXIAL ANGLLS 3,CUSPS & AXIAL ANGLLS::
Desin eatures in these parts o the restor., Desin eatures in these parts o the restor.,
a, a, Amalam bulk in all 3Ds Amalam bulk in all 3Ds at least 1.5mm. at least 1.5mm.
b, b, Lach portion completely immobilized with retention Lach portion completely immobilized with retention
modes. modes.
c, c, Amalam seated on lat loors, table. Amalam seated on lat loors, table.
d, d, Amalam replacin cusps,axial anles should hae a Amalam replacin cusps,axial anles should hae a
bulky connection to the main part o the restor. bulky connection to the main part o the restor.
C, Desin eatures or th protection o the physio C, Desin eatures or th protection o the physio--
mechanical interity o the remainin tooth str. mechanical interity o the remainin tooth str.
1, 1, Isthmus Isthmus 1,4 1,4 -- 1,5 inter cuspal distance. 1,5 inter cuspal distance.
2, 2, Occlusal surace: Occlusal surace:
i, i, Dierence o walls toward marinal ride. Dierence o walls toward marinal ride.
ii, ii, Perpend. o walls toward the crossin ride. Perpend. o walls toward the crossin ride.
iii, iii, Preserin crossin rides. Preserin crossin rides.
i, i, 1hree anulation or the walls around cusps. 1hree anulation or the walls around cusps.
, , Deinite royunded line & point anles. Deinite royunded line & point anles.
i, i, Rt.anled cao surace anles. Rt.anled cao surace anles.
ii, ii, l & L walls at the isthmus l & L walls at the isthmus perpend. 1o pulpal perpend. 1o pulpal
loor loor bulk bulk
3, Cusps & axial anles: 3, Cusps & axial anles:
Ideal lenth : width ratio o cuspal wall Ideal lenth : width ratio o cuspal wall
surroundin a Cl II surroundin a Cl II 1 : 1 or less M 1 : 1 or less M--D & D &
BB--L. L.
I 2 : 1 I 2 : 1 cuspal wall shortened until 1 :1 cuspal wall shortened until 1 :1
Lery eort made to protect the axial anle. Lery eort made to protect the axial anle.
4, Marins 4, Marins ::
l & L marins,walls l & L marins,walls meet the proximal meet the proximal
surace at a rt. anle. surace at a rt. anle.
Present in correspondin embrassures. Present in correspondin embrassures.
\hen necessary to include a broad contact \hen necessary to include a broad contact
area area reerse cure ien & rt. anled cao reerse cure ien & rt. anled cao
surace maintained. surace maintained.
Usually done on the l Usually done on the l-- prox.walls & occasionally prox.walls & occasionally
on L on L-- prox.walls. prox.walls.
Adantae: Adantae:
i, Presere tooth str. at critical marinal area. i, Presere tooth str. at critical marinal area.
ii, Aoid impinin on the pulpal anatomy. ii, Aoid impinin on the pulpal anatomy.
iii, 1erminate marins in a rt. anled cao iii, 1erminate marins in a rt. anled cao-- surace. surace.
i, Includes all uncleansable broad contacts. i, Includes all uncleansable broad contacts.
Ginial marins Ginial marins inial 3 inial 3
rd rd
o inoled prox. o inoled prox.
surace. surace.
Ginial loors Ginial loors 2 planed 2 planed beel beel 15 15--20 20
00
In direct access Cl II prox.caity prep. In direct access Cl II prox.caity prep.
Occlusal wall one planed Occlusal wall one planed dierent towards dierent towards
that marinal ride that marinal ride direction o L rods. direction o L rods.
i retention deicient i retention deicient 2 planes. 2 planes.
RL1LN1ION lORM: RL1LN1ION lORM:
4 types o displacements or Cl II proximo 4 types o displacements or Cl II proximo--
occlusal restoration. occlusal restoration.
a, Proximal displacement o the entire restoration. a, Proximal displacement o the entire restoration.
b, Proximal displacement o the prox.portion. b, Proximal displacement o the prox.portion.
c, Lateral rotation o the restor. around c, Lateral rotation o the restor. around
hemispherical loors. hemispherical loors.
d, Occlusal displacement. d, Occlusal displacement.
Althouh manitude o these 4 displacements is Althouh manitude o these 4 displacements is
minute, they are repeated 1000 times,day. minute, they are repeated 1000 times,day.
1his will 1his will microleakae. microleakae.
Initiate mech. & bio. ailure Initiate mech. & bio. ailure o the restor. & o the restor. &
tooth str. tooth str.
Proper lockin o the restor. into the tooth Proper lockin o the restor. into the tooth
should be exercised to minimize these hazards. should be exercised to minimize these hazards.
INS1RUMLN1A1ION INS1RUMLN1A1ION
INI1IAL CLINICAL PROCLDURLS: INI1IAL CLINICAL PROCLDURLS:
1, 1, Local anesthesia. Local anesthesia.
2, 2, Occlusal contacts Occlusal contacts
3, 3, Rubber dam placement Rubber dam placement
4, 4, 1ooth preparation. 1ooth preparation.
Initial tooth preparation: Initial tooth preparation:
1,Occlusal outline orm 1,Occlusal outline orm , occlusal step ,: , occlusal step ,:
Similar to Cl I prep. Similar to Cl I prep.
No 245 bur used. No 245 bur used.
Lon axis o the bur parallel to the lon axis o the tooth. Lon axis o the bur parallel to the lon axis o the tooth.
Usin hih speed with air water spray, enter the Usin hih speed with air water spray, enter the
pit near the inoled prox. surace. pit near the inoled prox. surace.
Initial depth 1.5mm Initial depth 1.5mm rom the central issure rom the central issure
2.0mm 2.0mm rom the external wall o rom the external wall o
prepared tooth. prepared tooth.
Pulpal depth Pulpal depth 0.1 0.1--0.2mm into the dentin. 0.2mm into the dentin.
Pulpal loor Pulpal loor lat. lat.
Isthmus width Isthmus width not wider than 1,4 not wider than 1,4
th th
the ICD. the ICD.
B & L walls B & L walls conerence. conerence.
Doe Doe--tail retention orm. tail retention orm.
Lnameloplasty where eer necessary. Lnameloplasty where eer necessary.
Reerse cure. Reerse cure.
Occlusal outline should end approx. 0.8mm Occlusal outline should end approx. 0.8mm
short o marinal ride. short o marinal ride.
Proximal outline orm Proximal outline orm , Prox. Box ,: , Prox. Box ,:
Objecties or extension, Objecties or extension,
1, 1, Include all caries, aults or existin restor. Include all caries, aults or existin restor.
2, 2, Create a 90 Create a 90
0 0
cao cao--surace marins. surace marins.
3, 3, Lstablish not 0.5mm clearance with the adj. Lstablish not 0.5mm clearance with the adj.
prox. surace , l, L, G ,. prox. surace , l, L, G ,.
Initial step Initial step Prox. Ditch cut. Prox. Ditch cut.
2,3 2,3
rd rd
at the expense o dentin. at the expense o dentin.
1,3 1,3
rd rd
L. L.
Lxtend the ditch G just beyond the Lxtend the ditch G just beyond the
caries or prox.contact which eer is caries or prox.contact which eer is
reater. reater.
Should clear the adjacent tooth by Should clear the adjacent tooth by
0.5mm 0.5mm
PM may hae prox.boxes shallower PM may hae prox.boxes shallower
pulpally , thinner enamel ,. pulpally , thinner enamel ,.
Ideal dentinal depth o the axial wall Ideal dentinal depth o the axial wall 0.5 0.5--
0.6mm. 0.6mm.
I in cementum I in cementum 0. 0.--0.8mm. 0.8mm.
2,Primary resistance orm: 2,Primary resistance orm:
Proided by, Proided by,
1, 1, llat pulpal & inial loors. llat pulpal & inial loors.
2, 2, Restrictin extension o walls & preserin stron Restrictin extension o walls & preserin stron
cusps. cusps.
3, 3, Reerse cure. Reerse cure.
4, 4, Sliht roundin o internal line & point anles. Sliht roundin o internal line & point anles.
5, 5, Lnouh thickness o restor. material. Lnouh thickness o restor. material.
3,Primary retention orm: 3,Primary retention orm:
Proided by, Proided by,
1, 1, Occlusal conerence o l & L walls. Occlusal conerence o l & L walls.
2, 2, Doe Doe--tail desin. tail desin.
linal tooth preparation: linal tooth preparation:
4, Remoal o any deectie L & inected carious 4, Remoal o any deectie L & inected carious
dentin. dentin.
5, Pulp protection. 5, Pulp protection.
6, Secondary retention & resistance orms: 6, Secondary retention & resistance orms:
Secondary retention by, Secondary retention by,
Retention locks. Retention locks.
No.169L bur used. No.169L bur used.
On Al & AL line anles. On Al & AL line anles.
Should be 0.2mm inside the DLJ. Should be 0.2mm inside the DLJ.
1erminate at the Axio 1erminate at the Axio--linuo ,bucco, pulpal linuo ,bucco, pulpal
point anle, diminishin in depth occlusally. point anle, diminishin in depth occlusally.
4 characteristics o prox. locks, 4 characteristics o prox. locks,
1, 1, Position Position : reers to Al , AL line anle o the : reers to Al , AL line anle o the
prep.tooth. prep.tooth.
2, 2, 1ranslation 1ranslation : the direction o moement o lon : the direction o moement o lon
axis o the bur. axis o the bur.
3, 3, Depth Depth :extent o translation. :extent o translation.
4, 4, Occluso Occluso--inial orientation inial orientation : tilt o No.169L : tilt o No.169L
bur which dictates occlusal heiht o the lock. bur which dictates occlusal heiht o the lock.
, Procedures or inishin external walls: , Procedures or inishin external walls:
Remoal o unsupported L & marinal Remoal o unsupported L & marinal
irreularities. irreularities.
Butt joint relationship. Butt joint relationship.
Sliht cao Sliht cao--surace beel at inial marin surace beel at inial marin 6 6
centirade , 20 centirade , 20
00
declination. declination.
Ginial marinal trimmer is used. Ginial marinal trimmer is used.
\hen G marin in cementum \hen G marin in cementum no beel. no beel.
8, linal procedures : Cleanin, inspectin, 8, linal procedures : Cleanin, inspectin,
bondin. bondin.
LSIGNS OI CLASS II CAVI1Y LSIGNS OI CLASS II CAVI1Y
PRLPARA1ION PRLPARA1ION
1, Cl II, desin 1 ,Conentional desin , : 1, Cl II, desin 1 ,Conentional desin , :
Inolement Inolement : proximal & occlusal suraces. : proximal & occlusal suraces.
Indications Indications : a, moderate : a, moderate-- lare size lesion with similar sized lare size lesion with similar sized
occlusal lesion. occlusal lesion.
b, Undermined marinal ride. b, Undermined marinal ride.
c, Caries cone necessitate caity width to .1,4 c, Caries cone necessitate caity width to .1,4
th th
ICD. ICD.
General shape General shape ::
Occlusally Occlusally similar to Cl I , desin 1 or 2. doe similar to Cl I , desin 1 or 2. doe--tail only on one tail only on one
side. side.
Proximally Proximally inerted truncated cone. inerted truncated cone.
Location o the marins Location o the marins ::
Occlusal portion Occlusal portion : similar to Cl I desin 1 or 2. : similar to Cl I desin 1 or 2.
Proximal portion Proximal portion : l & L marins : l & L marins in in
correspondin embrassures. correspondin embrassures.
1ips o the explorer must pass reely. 1ips o the explorer must pass reely.
Ginial portion Ginial portion : ideally : ideally occlusal portion o the occlusal portion o the
inial sulcus space. inial sulcus space.
Isthmus portion Isthmus portion : l & L marins : l & L marins on the inclined on the inclined
planes o correspondin cusps & remainin planes o correspondin cusps & remainin
portion o marinal ride. portion o marinal ride.
Separated not more than 1,3 Separated not more than 1,3
rd rd
ICD. ICD.
Internal anatomy Internal anatomy::
Occlusally Occlusally : similar to Cl I desin 1 or 2. : similar to Cl I desin 1 or 2.
Proximally Proximally ::
M M--D cross section D cross section ::
I inial marin on cementum I inial marin on cementum lat. lat.
in G 1,3 in G 1,3
rd rd
2 planed. 2 planed.
in the middle 3 in the middle 3
rd rd
as in youn & as in youn &
incompletely erupted teeth, 1 plane. incompletely erupted teeth, 1 plane.
Axial wall Axial wall slanted toward pulpal loor, makin slanted toward pulpal loor, makin
an obtuse anle with inial loor. an obtuse anle with inial loor.
rounded. rounded.
retention locks. retention locks.
2, Cl II, desin 2 , Modern desin ,: 2, Cl II, desin 2 , Modern desin ,:
Inolement Inolement : proximal & occlusal suraces. : proximal & occlusal suraces.
Indications Indications : a, moderate : a, moderate -- small sized prox.lesion small sized prox.lesion
, not extendin the area o near approach ,. , not extendin the area o near approach ,.
b, Occlusal lesion b, Occlusal lesion not exceedin 1,4 not exceedin 1,4
th th
ICD. ICD.
General shape General shape ::
Occlusal portion Occlusal portion : similar to Cl I desin 1 & : similar to Cl I desin 1 &
sometimes 2. sometimes 2.
Very little i any doe Very little i any doe--tail shape. tail shape.
Proximal portion: Proximal portion:
Unilateral inerted truncated cone. Unilateral inerted truncated cone.
In upper teeth In upper teeth linual inerted truncated linual inerted truncated
cone only. cone only.
Lower teeth Lower teeth buccal inerted truncated buccal inerted truncated
cone only. cone only.
1his eature done on unctional side only. 1his eature done on unctional side only.
Location o the marins Location o the marins::
Occlusal portion Occlusal portion : similar to Cl I desin 1 : similar to Cl I desin 1
Proximal portion Proximal portion : inial to contact area. : inial to contact area.
Isthmus portion Isthmus portion : l & L marins : l & L marins separated separated
not 1,4 not 1,4
th th
ICD. ICD.
Reerse cure. Reerse cure.
Internal anatomy Internal anatomy ::
Occlusal portion Occlusal portion : similar to Cl I, Desin 1. : similar to Cl I, Desin 1.
Proximal portion Proximal portion : :
M M -- D cross section D cross section ::
Similar to conentional desin. Similar to conentional desin.
all line anles rounded, with exception o G all line anles rounded, with exception o G--A A
line anle line anle kept sharp kept sharp stabilization o restor. stabilization o restor.
Preparation modiications Preparation modiications ::
In 1apered teeth ,bell shaped , In 1apered teeth ,bell shaped , : rooes hain : rooes hain
maximal dimension at the pulpal loor leel , maximal dimension at the pulpal loor leel ,
reerse that o conentional desin ,. reerse that o conentional desin ,.
3, Cl II, desin 3 , Conseratie desin , : 3, Cl II, desin 3 , Conseratie desin , :
Inolement Inolement : Primarily proximal, ery little occlusal not beyond the : Primarily proximal, ery little occlusal not beyond the
adj. trianular ossa. adj. trianular ossa.
Indications Indications : a, Decay in prox.surace only & occlusally sound. : a, Decay in prox.surace only & occlusally sound.
b, Restor. subjected to minimal loadin. b, Restor. subjected to minimal loadin.
General shape General shape ::
Inerted truncated cone located totally proximally. Inerted truncated cone located totally proximally.
1he tip inoles part o adj. occlusal trianular ossa. 1he tip inoles part o adj. occlusal trianular ossa.
Location o marins Location o marins ::
Occlusally Occlusally : occlusal inclined plane o the inoled marinal ride. : occlusal inclined plane o the inoled marinal ride.
l & L marins l & L marins ery limited. ery limited.
Proximally Proximally : similar to modern desin. : similar to modern desin.
Internal anatomy Internal anatomy ::
M M -- D cross section D cross section ::
Ginial loor Ginial loor::
i, i, I in G 3 I in G 3
rd rd
3 planes. 3 planes.
ii, ii, In middle 3 In middle 3
rd rd
2 planes. 2 planes.
Axial wall Axial wall slanted , than in modern slanted , than in modern
desin,. desin,.
l l -- L cross section L cross section ::
Axial wall Axial wall conex. conex.
Prox.surace Prox.surace 3 planes 3 planesi marins are i marins are
at l , L 3 at l , L 3
rd rd
o prox.surace. o prox.surace.
2 planes 2 planes i at middle 3 i at middle 3
rd rd
..
4, Cl II, desin 4 , Simple desin ,: 4, Cl II, desin 4 , Simple desin ,:
Inolement Inolement : proximal surace only. : proximal surace only.
Indications Indications : a, Decay restricted to contact : a, Decay restricted to contact
areas. areas.
b, 1here is diastema, adj. tooth is missin. b, 1here is diastema, adj. tooth is missin.
c, Rotated ,inclined teeth. c, Rotated ,inclined teeth.
d, Prox. lesion located ery G at , apical to d, Prox. lesion located ery G at , apical to
CLJ, inial recession , senile decay,. CLJ, inial recession , senile decay,.
e, 1apered tooth with wide inial e, 1apered tooth with wide inial
embrassure. embrassure.
, Occlusal embrasures pronounced in , Occlusal embrasures pronounced in
dimensions. dimensions.
General shape General shape ::
No speciic shape. No speciic shape.
Assumes a trapezoidal, rhomboidal shape. Assumes a trapezoidal, rhomboidal shape.
Location o the marin Location o the marin ::
I diastema pr. I diastema pr. no speciic location o marin. no speciic location o marin.
I apical to contact, senile decay, I apical to contact, senile decay, O & G marins O & G marins G G
embrasures. embrasures.
l & L marins l & L marins in l & L embrasures. in l & L embrasures.
I at contact area , clinical, anatomical, I at contact area , clinical, anatomical,
O marin O marin O embrasure. O embrasure.
G marin G marin G embrasure just clearin the contact area. G embrasure just clearin the contact area.
l & L marins l & L marins corres. embr. \ith more extension on corres. embr. \ith more extension on
the access side. the access side.
Internal anatomy Internal anatomy ::
l l -- L cross section L cross section::
Axial wall Axial wall lat lat -- sliht coex l sliht coex l--L. L.
I at urcation area I at urcation area concae l concae l--L, L,
parallelin the surace concaity. parallelin the surace concaity.
O O -- G cross section: G cross section:
Ginial loor Ginial loor ::
i, i, On cementum On cementum 2 planes. 2 planes.
ii, ii, On L On L 3 planes. 3 planes.
5, Cl II, desin 5 5, Cl II, desin 5 ::
Inolement Inolement : part o the prox. surace with a : part o the prox. surace with a
ery little access area on the l & L ery little access area on the l & L
surace. surace.
Indications Indications : 2 shapes : 2 shapes
In Shape A In Shape A: l & L access will not hae doe : l & L access will not hae doe--
tail. tail.
a, a, Small Small -- medium sized prox.lesion. medium sized prox.lesion.
b, b, Marinal ride intact. Marinal ride intact.
c, c, Does not inole contact area. Does not inole contact area.
d, d, Ginial embrasure not accessible. Ginial embrasure not accessible.
Caity Caity 4 deinite walls, with opposin 4 deinite walls, with opposin
retentie rooes in at least 2 o them. retentie rooes in at least 2 o them.
Shape B Shape B: l & L access will hae a lockin eature : l & L access will hae a lockin eature
in the orm o doe in the orm o doe--tail, unilaterally cut in tail, unilaterally cut in
occlusal direction. occlusal direction.
a, a, Medium Medium -- lare sized prox.lesion. lare sized prox.lesion.
Caity Caity will not hae 4 walls, either one wall , no will not hae 4 walls, either one wall , no
wall bulky enouh to accommodate a rooe. wall bulky enouh to accommodate a rooe.
General shape General shape ::
No speciic shape. No speciic shape.
May appear trapezoidal,elliptical. May appear trapezoidal,elliptical.
l & L part l & L part Shape A Shape A box, rectanular. box, rectanular.
Shape B Shape B one sided doe one sided doe--tail. tail.
Location o marins Location o marins ::
G marins G marins G embr. G embr.
O marins O marins G embr. Just apical to contact area. G embr. Just apical to contact area.
l & L marins l & L marins on the non access side on the non access side in corres. Lmbr. Short o in corres. Lmbr. Short o
axial anle o the tooth. axial anle o the tooth.
On access side On access side ar enouh onto l,L surace to include axial ar enouh onto l,L surace to include axial
anle ,max. 1,4 anle ,max. 1,4
th th
l,L surace,. l,L surace,.
Internal anatomy: Internal anatomy:
O O -- G cross section G cross section::
Axial wall Axial wall lat , concae. lat , concae.
O& G walls O& G walls i on C & D i on C & D 2 planes. 2 planes.
i on L i on L one plane. one plane.
l l -- L cross section L cross section::
2 axial walls 2 axial walls one prox. & another l , L . one prox. & another l , L .
Rounded axio Rounded axio-- axial line anle. axial line anle.
Proximal axial wall Proximal axial wall slihtly slanted towards the access side. slihtly slanted towards the access side.
6, Cl II , desin 6 6, Cl II , desin 6 ::
Inolement Inolement : the O, P & part o the l & L suraces. : the O, P & part o the l & L suraces.
Indications Indications: a, the cusp lenth is double or more its width. : a, the cusp lenth is double or more its width.
b, Cusp completely missin or undermined. b, Cusp completely missin or undermined.
c, loundation or cast restor. required. c, loundation or cast restor. required.
d, Doubtul pronosis endodontically & peridontically. d, Doubtul pronosis endodontically & peridontically.
e, Badly broken down teeth that need to be prepared prior e, Badly broken down teeth that need to be prepared prior
to endo,ortho tr. to endo,ortho tr.
General shape General shape ::
O & P parts O & P parts similar to desin 1 or 2. similar to desin 1 or 2.
l & L parts l & L parts rectanular in outline. rectanular in outline.
Location o marin Location o marin ::
O & P portion O & P portion similar to desin 1 or 2. similar to desin 1 or 2.
l & L portions l & L portions in areas at , occlusal to the ht. o in areas at , occlusal to the ht. o
contour o the l & L suraces. contour o the l & L suraces.
Do not place marin in rooes. Do not place marin in rooes.
I marin comes near a rooe I marin comes near a rooe include in caity include in caity
prep. prep.
In areas apical to the ht.o contour l & L In areas apical to the ht.o contour l & L
same as G 3 same as G 3
rd rd
o prox.suraces. o prox.suraces.
Internal anatomy Internal anatomy::
O & P O & P similar to desin 1 or 2. similar to desin 1 or 2.
Rules to prep.a cusp Rules to prep.a cusp::
1, 1, Cusp to be replaced Cusp to be replaced reduce 1.5 reduce 1.5--2.0mm rom 2.0mm rom
opposin cuspal elements.more on unctional opposin cuspal elements.more on unctional
cusp. cusp.
2, 2, Cusp Cusp cut lat in the orm o table, with cut lat in the orm o table, with
rt.anled cao rt.anled cao--surace marins. surace marins.
3, 3, Mini lenth : width Mini lenth : width 1:1 1:1
4, 4, I cusp undermined I cusp undermined tabled until there is intact tabled until there is intact
L supported by sound D. L supported by sound D.
5, 5, Remainin part o caity should hae suicient Remainin part o caity should hae suicient
retention. retention.
6, 6, Neer place pins on tables which will Neer place pins on tables which will
accommodate amalam cusps,part o cusps. accommodate amalam cusps,part o cusps.
, , In multiple tables In multiple tables junction rounded. junction rounded.
, Cl II , desin , Cl II , desin ::
Inolement Inolement : : Shape A Shape A junction b,w the Cl II & junction b,w the Cl II &
Cl V ia proximal, crossin the axial anle. Cl V ia proximal, crossin the axial anle.
General shape General shape ::
O portion O portion similar to desin 1 or 2. similar to desin 1 or 2.
PP--l & P l & P-- l portion l portion i unilateral extension l,L i unilateral extension l,L
L shaped. L shaped.
Bilateral Bilateral inerted 1 shaped. inerted 1 shaped.
Shape B Shape B : junction b,w the Cl II & Cl V is : junction b,w the Cl II & Cl V is
throuh the occlusal ia the B &, L rooe. throuh the occlusal ia the B &, L rooe.
General shape General shape::
O & P portions O & P portions desin 1 or 2. desin 1 or 2.
l & L portions l & L portions inerted 1 shaped. inerted 1 shaped.
8, Cl II , desin 8 8, Cl II , desin 8 ::
I Inolement nolement : 2 or more suraces o an endo. tr. : 2 or more suraces o an endo. tr.
tooth that does not requirec post retention. tooth that does not requirec post retention.
Indications Indications: a, tooth has suicient pulp chamber : a, tooth has suicient pulp chamber
to accommodate retainin, sel resistin to accommodate retainin, sel resistin
amalam bulk , mini.2mm in 3Ds, amalam bulk , mini.2mm in 3Ds,
b, Post endo. Pulp chamber has atleast 2 b, Post endo. Pulp chamber has atleast 2
opposin intact walls. opposin intact walls.
c, 1ooth contains suicient lare root canals c, 1ooth contains suicient lare root canals to to
accommodate amalam at its O 1,3 accommodate amalam at its O 1,3
rd rd
,mini.1.5mm, ,mini.1.5mm,
d, A oundation is needed or reinorcin restor. d, A oundation is needed or reinorcin restor.
General shape General shape : similar to desin 6. : similar to desin 6.
Internal anatomy Internal anatomy::
Rules Rules to arrie to the inished product, to arrie to the inished product,
1, 1, Lxcaate Lxcaate residual RC illin rom residual RC illin rom
pulp chamber. Bare dentin exposed. pulp chamber. Bare dentin exposed.
2, 2, Lare RC that can accommodate an Lare RC that can accommodate an
amalam 1.5mm amalam 1.5mm RC illin remoed RC illin remoed
to 3 to 3--4mm depth. 4mm depth.
3, I possible square up` surroundin walls. 3, I possible square up` surroundin walls.
4, In bulky portions o the surroundin walls 4, In bulky portions o the surroundin walls cut cut
lat ledes lat ledes receie most o the occlusal receie most o the occlusal
loadin. loadin.
5, 1ry to make eery part sel retentie. 5, 1ry to make eery part sel retentie.
6, Lach lat portion o the prep. 6, Lach lat portion o the prep. reciprocated reciprocated
to immobilize the restor. & eenly distribute to immobilize the restor. & eenly distribute
the stress. the stress.
VARIA1IONS OI ONL VARIA1IONS OI ONL
PROXIMAL SURIACL 1OO1H PROXIMAL SURIACL 1OO1H
PRLPARA1IONS PRLPARA1IONS
1, 1, MANDIBULAR 1 MANDIBULAR 1
S1 S1
PRLMOLAR PRLMOLAR::
Relatiely small size o linual cusp. Relatiely small size o linual cusp.
Lxcessie extension in acial Lxcessie extension in acial
direction direction approach, expose the acial approach, expose the acial
pulp horn. pulp horn.
Variety o occlusal patterns Variety o occlusal patterns exhibit a exhibit a
lare transerse ride o enamel. lare transerse ride o enamel.
22, MAXILLAR\ 1 , MAXILLAR\ 1
S1 S1
MOLAR MOLAR::
\hen unaected oblique ride present \hen unaected oblique ride present separate 2 separate 2
surace tooth prep. are indicated. surace tooth prep. are indicated.
3, MAXILLAR\ 1 3, MAXILLAR\ 1
S1 S1
PRLMOLAR: PRLMOLAR:
Cl II inolin mesial surace Cl II inolin mesial surace special attention special attention M M --
l embr. l embr. esthetically prominent. esthetically prominent.
I M I M--P inolement, P inolement,
1, 1, Is limited to a issure in the marinal ride, Is limited to a issure in the marinal ride,
2, 2, Not treatable by enameloplasty, Not treatable by enameloplasty,
3, 3, Does not inole the prox.contact, Does not inole the prox.contact,
1hen, prepare prox. portion with marins 1hen, prepare prox. portion with marins linual to the linual to the
contact. contact.
Distal surace inolement Distal surace inolement prep. in conentional modes. prep. in conentional modes.
MOIIICA1IONS IN 1OO1H MOIIICA1IONS IN 1OO1H
PRLPARA1IONS PRLPARA1IONS
1, SLO1 PRLPARA1ION,BOX 1, SLO1 PRLPARA1ION,BOX--ONL\ ONL\
PRLPARA1ION: PRLPARA1ION:
Outline orm Outline orm::
Access to the prox.lesion throuh Access to the prox.lesion throuh marinal marinal
ride. ride.
Create a slot cut with a small bur, in the Create a slot cut with a small bur, in the
center o the crest o the ride. center o the crest o the ride.
Slot deepened inially. Slot deepened inially.
11--2mm below the contact point. 2mm below the contact point.
1otal distance b,w marinal ride & the 1otal distance b,w marinal ride & the
inial loor inial loor 33--4mm. 4mm.
Retention & resistance orms Retention & resistance orms::
occlusal conerence. occlusal conerence.
M M--D dimension D dimension1.5mm or more. 1.5mm or more.
G loor G loor lat. lat.
l l -- L dimension L dimension 1,4 1,4
th th
ICD. ICD.
I extension into occlusal surace narrower, or i I extension into occlusal surace narrower, or i
there is no extension into occlusal rooes there is no extension into occlusal rooes
retentie under cuts, rooes,points,. retentie under cuts, rooes,points,.
Retentie under cuts Retentie under cuts oppose each other to oppose each other to
orm a doe orm a doe--tail eect in the dentin. tail eect in the dentin.
0.25 0.25--0.5mm o dentin b,w rooe & DLJ. 0.5mm o dentin b,w rooe & DLJ.
Grooe 0.5mm deep & 0.5mm wide. Grooe 0.5mm deep & 0.5mm wide.
Mechanical retention Mechanical retention::
I prox.box,slot I prox.box,slot wide wide amalam bondin , sel amalam bondin , sel
threadin pins placed horizontally,ertically. threadin pins placed horizontally,ertically.
Slot prep. or root caries: Slot prep. or root caries: ,KL\ ,KL\--lOLL lOLL
PRLPARA1ION, lACIAL,LINGUAL PRLPARA1ION, lACIAL,LINGUAL
SLO1 PRLPARA1ION, SLO1 PRLPARA1ION,
Usually approached rom l Usually approached rom l orm o slot. orm o slot.
Depth axially Depth axially0.5 0.5--1mm at G aspect i no L 1mm at G aspect i no L
pr. pr.
11--1.25mm at O wall, i marin in L. 1.25mm at O wall, i marin in L.
I O marin in L I O marin in L axial depth 0.5mm inside axial depth 0.5mm inside
the DLJ. the DLJ.
Retention rooes Retention rooes O O--A & G A & G--A line anles. A line anles.
0.2mm inside the DLJ or 0.3 0.2mm inside the DLJ or 0.3--0.5mm inside 0.5mm inside
the cemental cao the cemental cao--surace marin. surace marin.
Depth o the rooe Depth o the rooe1,2 the diameter o 1,2 the diameter o
the bur head,0.25mm, the bur head,0.25mm,
2, 2, RO1A1LD 1LL1l RO1A1LD 1LL1l::
Outline orm or M Outline orm or M--O tooth prep. O tooth prep. on rotated on rotated
teeth teeth diers. diers.
prox.box displaced prox.box displaced l , L. l , L.
\hen rotated 90 \hen rotated 90
00
prox.prep on l,L surace. prox.prep on l,L surace.
3, 3, ADJOINING RLS1ORA1ION ADJOINING RLS1ORA1ION::
It is permissible to repair ,replace a deectie It is permissible to repair ,replace a deectie
portion o an existin Al restor. portion o an existin Al restor. i remainin i remainin
portion o the oriinal restor. portion o the oriinal restor. adequate rete. & adequate rete. &
resist. lorm. resist. lorm.
Intersectin marins o the 2 restor. Intersectin marins o the 2 restor. at at
rt.anles as much as possible. rt.anles as much as possible.
4, 4, ABU1MLN1 1LL1l lOR RPD ABU1MLN1 1LL1l lOR RPD::
I rest seat is planned in restor. I rest seat is planned in restor. need additional need additional
extension. extension.
0.5mm ,mini, o Al b,w rest seat & marins. 0.5mm ,mini, o Al b,w rest seat & marins.
Pulpal wall apical to planned rest seat Pulpal wall apical to planned rest seat 0.5mm 0.5mm
deepened. deepened.
1otal depth o A 1otal depth o A--P line anle measured on l & P line anle measured on l &
L wall L wall 2.5mm. 2.5mm.
LX1LNL CL II AMALGAM LX1LNL CL II AMALGAM
Unlike incipient caity prep. Unlike incipient caity prep. ll--G & L G & L--G anles G anles
sharp. sharp.
Depth o the axial wall Depth o the axial wall 1.2mm wide 1.2mm wide PM PM
1.8mm wide 1.8mm wide M M
Depth o the decay Depth o the decay does not inluence the does not inluence the
width o the inial loor. width o the inial loor.
Retentie rooes Retentie rooes deeper at their inial deeper at their inial
ends, diminish occlusally. ends, diminish occlusally.
I extends up the cuspal inclines I extends up the cuspal inclines pulpal depth pulpal depth
1.5mm. & sliht tilt o the bur. 1.5mm. & sliht tilt o the bur.
\hen O outline \hen O outline within 2,3 within 2,3
rd rd
dist. to cusp tip dist. to cusp tip
cappin considered. cappin considered.
2,3 2,3
rd rd
cappin mandatory. cappin mandatory.
CL II PRLARA1ION IN PRIMARY CL II PRLARA1ION IN PRIMARY
1LL1H 1LL1H
MORPlOLOGIC VARIA1IONS MORPlOLOGIC VARIA1IONS::
1, 1, L & D L & D thickness less. thickness less.
2, 2, Prominent pulp horns. Prominent pulp horns.
3, 3, Lare pulp chambers. Lare pulp chambers.
4, 4, \ider contact area \ider contact area placed more cerically. placed more cerically.
5, 5, Bulbous buccal contour & cerical constriction. Bulbous buccal contour & cerical constriction.
6, 6, L rod direction L rod direction in cerical reion acin occlusally. in cerical reion acin occlusally.
, , Narrow occlusal table. Narrow occlusal table.
Outline orm Outline orm::
Occlusal Occlusal : : restrict the size as small as possible. restrict the size as small as possible.
Depth Depth 1.5mm,0.5mm rom DLJ, 1.5mm,0.5mm rom DLJ,
BB--L wall L wall coerence. coerence.
Caity Caity 1,4 1,4
th th
BB--L width o the tooth. L width o the tooth.
Isthmus width Isthmus width 1,3 1,3
rd rd
-- ' o the ICD ,1.5mm, ' o the ICD ,1.5mm,
Pulpal loor Pulpal loor mortise orm, should ollow the pulpal mortise orm, should ollow the pulpal
contour. contour.
Line & pt. anles Line & pt. anles rounded. rounded.
I possibility o pulpal exposure I possibility o pulpal exposure stepwise pulpal stepwise pulpal
loor` prepared. loor` prepared.
I lot o cuspal destruction pr. I lot o cuspal destruction pr. rind o the cusps. rind o the cusps.
No reerse S cure , unless indicated due to ery No reerse S cure , unless indicated due to ery
tiht & wide contact,. tiht & wide contact,.
Proximal box Proximal box::
Should ollow the outer contour o the tooth. Should ollow the outer contour o the tooth.
\idth \idth more due to wider contact areas. more due to wider contact areas.
llarin done, too much aoided. llarin done, too much aoided.
B & L walls B & L walls conerence. conerence.
Cao Cao--surace surace 90 90
00
Axial wall Axial wall parallel to outer surace. parallel to outer surace.
\idth \idth at the loor o the box at the loor o the box
1mm. 1mm.
A A--P line anle P line anle rounded. rounded.
Axial wall Axial wall 1mm. 1mm.
Ginial loor Ginial loor::
Contact area Contact area near the constriction area. near the constriction area.
Should not be placed too inially. Should not be placed too inially.
Just beneath the contact point. Just beneath the contact point.
Depth not more than 1mm.or else Depth not more than 1mm.or else pulpal pulpal
exposure. exposure.
lloor inclination inwards lloor inclination inwards Bronner Bronner
inclination`5 inclination`5--10 10
0 0
or R & R orm. or R & R orm.
G loor G loor not more than 1mm not more than 1mm 11
st st
M. M.
not more than 1.5mm not more than 1.5mm 22
nd nd
M. M.
Anle b,w axial wall &G loor Anle b,w axial wall &G loor rounded. rounded.
Beellin Beellin not required. not required.
Retention rooes Retention rooes not required, i placed B not required, i placed B--
A,L A,L--A only. A only.
Main dierences Main dierences::
1, 1, llarin o the prox. Box. llarin o the prox. Box.
2, 2, Placement o inial seat. Placement o inial seat.
3, 3, Beel. Beel.
CONSLRVA1IVL CAVI1Y CONSLRVA1IVL CAVI1Y
PRLPARA1IONS PRLPARA1IONS
1UNNLL PRLPARA1ION 1UNNLL PRLPARA1ION::
Adantaes Adantaes ::
1, 1, Preseres marinal ride. Preseres marinal ride.
2, Contact area not disturbed. 2, Contact area not disturbed.
3, Risk o oer han 3, Risk o oer han minimal. minimal.
Disadantaes Disadantaes ::
1, 1, Complete excaation o caries not easible. Complete excaation o caries not easible.
2, 2, Marinal adaptability o restor. Marinal adaptability o restor. poor. poor.
3, 3, Diiculty in insertion & inishin o restor. Diiculty in insertion & inishin o restor.
BONDLD AMALGAM RLS1ORA1IONS BONDLD AMALGAM RLS1ORA1IONS ::
Adocated by Vara, Matsumura & Masuhara Adocated by Vara, Matsumura & Masuhara
,1986, & Staninec & lolt ,1988,. ,1986, & Staninec & lolt ,1988,.
, Operatie dentistry , Operatie dentistry --2005, 30 2005, 30--2, 231, 2, 231,
Indications Indications ::
1, 1, Auxillary retention, reinorcement, conseratie Auxillary retention, reinorcement, conseratie
prep. & improement o marinal seal. prep. & improement o marinal seal.
2, 2, Lxtensie inolement & cast restor. not Lxtensie inolement & cast restor. not
aordable. aordable.
3, 3, As temporary resotr. which later reduced to core As temporary resotr. which later reduced to core
under cast restor. under cast restor.
4, 4, As amalam sealant. As amalam sealant.
Disadantaes o unbonded technique Disadantaes o unbonded technique::
1, 1, Microleakae. Microleakae.
2, 2, Recurrent caries. Recurrent caries.
3, 3, Post operatie sensitiity. Post operatie sensitiity.
4, 4, 1ooth 4. 1ooth 4.
Adantaes o bonded technique Adantaes o bonded technique ::
1, 1, 1ooth reinorcement. 1ooth reinorcement.
2, 2, post operatie sensitiity. post operatie sensitiity.
3, 3, Better marinal adaptation. Better marinal adaptation.
4, 4, microleakae. microleakae.
5, 5, possibility o secondary caries. possibility o secondary caries.
6, 6, More conseratie prep. More conseratie prep.
, Operatie dentistry , Operatie dentistry --2005, 30 2005, 30--2, 231,. 2, 231,.
Disadantaes Disadantaes::
1, 1echnique sensitie. 1, 1echnique sensitie.
2, Lon term clinical studies 2, Lon term clinical studies success rate less. success rate less.
3, lydrolytic stability o bond 3, lydrolytic stability o bond
4, cost o amalam restor. 4, cost o amalam restor.
Materials used Materials used ::
1, 1, Amalam bond plus , Parkwell ,. Amalam bond plus , Parkwell ,.
2, 2, Panaia LX , Kuraray ,. Panaia LX , Kuraray ,.
3, 3, Rely X ARC , 3 M ,. Rely X ARC , 3 M ,.
4, 4, Barrier . Barrier .
5, 5, All Bond 2 & liner l , Bisco ,. All Bond 2 & liner l , Bisco ,.
RLILRLNCLS RLILRLNCLS
1, 1, OPLRA1IVL DLN1IS1R\ OPLRA1IVL DLN1IS1R\-- Modern theory & practice Modern theory & practice
, 1 , 1
st st
edition , edition , M.A.Marzouk. M.A.Marzouk.
2, AR1 & SCILNCL Ol OPLRA1IVL DLN1IS1R\. 2, AR1 & SCILNCL Ol OPLRA1IVL DLN1IS1R\.
,5 ,5
th th
edition, edition, Sturdeant. Sturdeant.
3, lUNDAMLN1ALS Ol OPLRA1IVL DLN1IS1R\ 3, lUNDAMLN1ALS Ol OPLRA1IVL DLN1IS1R\
, 2 , 2
nd nd
edition , edition , Summit. Summit.
4, 1LX1 BOOK Ol OPLRA1IVL DLN1IS1R\. 4, 1LX1 BOOK Ol OPLRA1IVL DLN1IS1R\.
, 3 , 3
rd rd
edition , edition , Baum & Phillips. Baum & Phillips.
5, 5, 1LX1 BOOK Ol OPLRA1IVL DLN1IS1R\. 1LX1 BOOK Ol OPLRA1IVL DLN1IS1R\.
, 4 , 4
th th
edition , edition , Mc Gehee. Mc Gehee.
6, 1LX1 BOOK Ol OPLRA1IVL DLN1IS1R\. 6, 1LX1 BOOK Ol OPLRA1IVL DLN1IS1R\.
, 1 , 1
st st
edition , edition , Vimal K Sikri. Vimal K Sikri.
, G.V.BLACK`S OPLRA1IVL DLN1IS1R\. , G.V.BLACK`S OPLRA1IVL DLN1IS1R\.
, 9 , 9
th th
edition , edition , Arthur. D .Black Arthur. D .Black
8, CLINICAL PLDODON1ICS. 8, CLINICAL PLDODON1ICS.
, 4 , 4
th th
edition , edition , linn. linn.
9, OPLRA1IVL DLN1IS1R\ 2000, 25, 121 9, OPLRA1IVL DLN1IS1R\ 2000, 25, 121--128. 128.
10, OPLRA1IVL DLN1IS1R\ 2000, 25,1 10, OPLRA1IVL DLN1IS1R\ 2000, 25,1--18 18
11, OPLRA1IVL DLN1IS1R\ 2001, 26, 81. 11, OPLRA1IVL DLN1IS1R\ 2001, 26, 81.
12, OPLRA1IVL DLN1IS1R\ 2001, 26, 239 12, OPLRA1IVL DLN1IS1R\ 2001, 26, 239--243. 243.
13, OPLRA1IVL DLN1IS1R\ 2005, 30, 228 13, OPLRA1IVL DLN1IS1R\ 2005, 30, 228--233 233..

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