Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Case A Images
Which of the following medications is prescribed for this client's treatment of high blood pressure?
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2. 2. Case A Images
The radiopaque line observed on the panoramic radiograph that runs horizontally across the maxilla from molar to molar is caused by the:
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3. 3. Case A Images
4. 4. Case A Images
Using G. V. Black's classification of dental caries and restorations, which of the following describes the restoration on tooth #3?
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5. 5. Case A Images
The alignment of teeth #24 and 25 in relation to the client's occlusion are referred to as:
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6. 6. Case A Images
Which of the following is the radiolucent area viewed on the apical area of tooth #20?
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7. 7. Case A Images
Which of the following home care aids would be MOST useful for this client to clean underneath her bridges?
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Regular dental tape Gum stimulator Tufted dental floss Soft toothbrush
8. 8. Case A Images
During client preparation for the panoramic radiograph, a lead apron without a thyroid collar should be placed around the client's neck because the thyroid collar:
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Blocks part of the beam and obscures important diagnostic information Affects the complete rotation of the machine during radiographic exposure Creates a ghost image on anterior teeth on the panoramic radiograph Causes the client's chin to tip upward during the rotating cycle
9. 9. Case A Images
The redness on the marginal gingiva of tooth #11 is MOST likely caused by:
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A reactive lesion caused by local irritant Denture flange Age and hormonal changes Unknown etiology
Which of the following BEST describes the contour of the interdental papilla around teeth #23, #24, #25, and #26?
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The endodontic material used to obturate the roots of teeth #4, #13, and #19 during endodontic therapy is MOST likely:
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Zinc oxide and eugenol Polycarboxylate dental cement Gutta percha Calcium hydroxide
The amount of recession observed on tooth #3 is 6 mm, and the pocket depth is 3 mm. Which of the following accurately reflects the clinical attachment level?
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3 mm 5 mm 6 mm 9 mm
Which of the following is an advantage of the porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns observed in this client compared with a porcelain-only crown?
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Is aesthetically pleasing Is susceptible to staining Retains luster Has strength to reduce brittleness
The incisal edges of the anterior mandibular teeth are characteristic of:
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Blood pressure is considered low Respiration is considered low Pulse rate is considered high Vital signs are within normal limits
The dark brownish area on the gingival and alveolar mucosa on the area of tooth #10 is caused by:
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At the end of oral prophylaxis, the dental hygienist applied fluoride varnish to the client's teeth. Varnish consists of:
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Sodium fluoride in a noncolophony or rosin base Acidulated phosphate fluoride at 2% Acidulated phosphate fluoride at 5% Sodium fluoride at 5%
During the bitewing technique, the central ray of the x-ray beam should be directed at:
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During treatment, the dental hygienist noticed excessive salivation in the client. Which of the following salivary glands produce the largest amount of saliva in the mouth?
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Which of the following BEST describes the relationship of the incisal occlusion of anterior teeth?
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The cause of the generalized white areas observed on most of the teeth is MOST likely caused by:
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24. 24.
Case B Images
The BEST rationale for the 5-mm probe reading on the mesiobuccal of tooth #18 is:
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Which of the following is a motivator to help this client improve his home plaque removal routine?
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The dentist has recommended that this client's parents consult with an orthodontist. If the client has orthodontic appliances placed on his teeth, which of the following would you NOT recommend as an adjunct to his home care after his braces are placed?
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Normal for this client's age and eruption pattern Excessive and indicates diastemas between the permanent teeth Minimal and indicates that crowding will occur in the future No spacing is evident between the anterior maxillary teeth
As indicated in the client's dental history, this client is a mouthbreather. All of the following are significant oral conditions common in mouthbreathers EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
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Increase in plaque formation Fordyce granules Gingival enlargement Erythematous incisive papilla
During football season, this client would benefit from a mouth protector because of all the following reasons EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
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Promoting mouth protectors to the other players on the team Preventing the dislocation or fracture of the anterior maxillary teeth Minimizing lacerations by holding soft tissues away from teeth Decreasing shock to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the mandibular condyle, which would prevent concussions
The type of material used for athletic mouth protectors is referred to as:
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This client was diagnosed with stage 2 chronic kidney disease. What does stage 2 imply?
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Kidney damage with normal kidney function Kidney damage with a mild decrease in kidney function Kidney damage with a moderate decrease in kidney function
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All of the following drugs use the kidneys as a major pathway of elimination and must be used with caution for this client EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
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The impaired kidney function can lead to the following effects EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
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Recommended dental hygiene care for this client who has stage 2 kidney disease should include:
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Maintaining the highest level of oral health to prevent the need for extensive treatment Addressing and communicating with the client directly and not just through the caregiver Providing the client with the opportunity to expectorate often because of the increase in salivary flow Allowing frequent changes in the client's body position during treatment to avoid client discomfort
Prolonged alcohol use MOST commonly increases the incidence of damage to the:
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Which of the following oral conditions is this client MOST susceptible to because of his alcoholism?
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All of the following are common extraoral signs of alcoholism EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
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Tremor of hands, tongue, eyelids Breath odors of alcohol and tobacco Redness of forehead, cheeks, and nose Red, baggy, or puffy eyes Melanin pigmentation of the face
The type of cyst found on the apical area of tooth #21 can be BEST described as a:
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39. 39.
Case C Images
A radiopaque line mainly composed of dense cortical bone found above the apices of maxillary premolars and molars in this client's posterior maxillary radiographs is known as the:
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The technique error in the upper left molar periapical radiograph can be corrected by:
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Moving the position-indicating device (PID) more distally Adjusting the vertical angulation Instructing the patient not to move Moving the film more posteriorly
Which of the following is the BEST choice to remove subgingival calculus in this client?
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Air-powder, air-abrasive, or air polisher Sickle scaler Ultrasonic scaler Oral irrigation device
The mandibular occlusal intraoral photograph of this client confirms that one of the following treatment needs was performed first. Which treatment need is it?
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Periodontal debridement Treatment of dental caries Orthodontic consultation Extraction of root tip
The MOST probable cause for the alignment of teeth #8 and #9 is:
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The classification of dental caries in teeth #29 and #31 can be BEST identified as________ and ________ respectively:
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Class II, Class II Class II, Class I Class I, Class II Class I, Class I
This client wants to use a mouthrinse because he believes it will make his mouth feel fresher. You have instructed him to use a fluoridated, essential oils-containing mouthrinse without alcohol with the American Dental Association (ADA) Seal of Acceptance. Other than his alcoholism, the following represent other good reasons for recommending an ADA-accepted mouthrinse with essential oils EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
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Prevention of oral fungal infection Hydration of oral tissues An antimicrobial effect Fresh feeling in the mouth
How would you describe the classification of an ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) physical status II client?
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A client with severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life; does require dental treatment modifications For a healthy client, it is not necessary to modify the dental treatment A client with moderate to severe systemic disease requires special care, and dental treatment modifications are generally necessary A client with mild systemic disease that does not interfere with day-to-day activity may require dental treatment modifications
According to Black's classification of restorations, which of the following describes the restoration on tooth #3?
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Which of the following terms BEST describes the radiopaque lesion in the left maxillary sinus?
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During the panoramic radiography procedure, what will be the result if the patient's head is positioned too high or is tipped upward and the Frankfort plane is angled upward?
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Loss of details in maxillary incisor region Lack of visibility of the mandibular condyle An "exaggerated smile line" that is curved upward Radiolucent shadow that obscures anterior teeth
Which of the following BEST describes the conditions in the cervical areas of maxillary left and right molars?
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Which of the following is the BEST term for the sign of the disease or disorder on tooth #14?
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An amalgam polishing setup consists of cups and points that are abrasives and impregnated with polishing ingredients to provide fast results without pumice or tin oxide. In which order should the dental hygienist use these cups and points to achieve a good result?
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Greenies, brownies, and super-greenies Brownies, greenies, and super-greenies Greenies, brownies, and super-brownies Brownies, greenies, and super-brownies
A total cholesterol level of less than 200 mg/dL is a desirable level that places this client at lower risk for coronary artery disease. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels decrease the risk of heart disease, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels increase the risk.
o o
The first statement is TRUE, and second statement is FALSE The first statement is FALSE, and second statement is TRUE
o o
On the basis of the client's oral condition, the dental hygienist may instruct the client to use all of the following aids EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
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End-tufted toothbrush Soft manual toothbrush Tufted dental floss with threader Interdental wooden cleaner
All of the following statements are true about atorvastatin calcium (Lipitor) medication EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
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Cholesterol-lowering drugs can interact with grapefruit juice and increase the risk of the drugs' potential adverse effects Common adverse effects include headaches, muscle pain, and diarrhea This medication can cause birth defects and is therefore contraindicated during pregnancy. Atorvastatin calcium is a medication used to treat arthritis
The client's pulp chambers of maxillary molars are slightly obliterated. What is the MOST likely cause for this occurrence?
o
Abscesses
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This client has class I mobility on tooth #2. The BEST description for this classification of mobility is:
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No more than 1 mm of discernible movement Combined facial-lingual movement totaling 2 mm, and the tooth is depressible in the socket Combined facial-lingual movement is between 2 and 3 mm Combined facial-lingual movement totaling 3 mm or more, and the tooth is depressible in the socket
Periodontal movement of teeth Missing mandibular molars History of gingival grafting Supernumerary mandibular incisor
The bilateral radiolucent area in the molar region inferior to the mylohyoid ridge is known as the:
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When treating psoriasis with methotrexate (Trexall), it is important NOT to prescribe this medication to clients who exhibit:
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Which one of the following conditions in the client needs further assessment?
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The major cause for the error on the distal of the maxillary canine films is:
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Incorrect angulation of x-ray beam Crowding of anterior teeth Improper placement of film Aged fixer solution
The dental hygienist has started to debride the lingual aspect of teeth #24 and #25, using a sickle scaler to remove the supragingival calculus. The total number of cutting edges on a sickle scaler is _____ . The face and the terminal shank will meet in an angle of ______.
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According to the American Association of Periodontology, this client's posterior periodontal status is classified as:
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Case Type I: Gingivitis Case Type II: Slight Chronic Periodontitis Case Type III: Moderate Chronic or Aggressive Periodontitis Case Type IV: Advanced Chronic or Aggressive Periodontitis Case Type V: Refractory, Chronic, or Aggressive Periodontitis
The BEST way to describe the client's overall gingival margin is:
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The radiopaque area on the mesial surface of tooth #2 in the right premolar bitewing is a (an):
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Overhang amalgam restoration Interproximal subgingival calculus Crest of the alveolar bone Overlapped radiographic error
Mushroom-shaped elevations scattered over the anterior third of the dorsum of the tongue are known as:
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After this client undergoes periodontal therapy, the primary purpose of the maintenance phase of care is to:
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Complete all remaining aspects of the treatment plan Prevent recurrence of the disease Re-evaluate the results of the initial therapy Keep the client on a recare system
Which of the following is MOST likely the cause of this client's halitosis?
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Microorganisms that produce foul-smelling compounds Decaying food particles in the mouth Frequent consumption of spicy foods Gastric diseases
The BEST term to describe the client's anterior occlusal relationship is:
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Which one of the following instruments is BEST to remove the subgingival calculus on the mesial surface of tooth #2?
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SH 6/7 sickle scaler SH 5/33 sickle scaler Gracy 11/12 curet Gracy 13/14 curet
The client returns 4 weeks after the initial periodontal debridement. Which of the following is the single BEST criterion for evaluating the success of this treatment?
o
o o o
Smooth and glass-like root surfaces No evidence of bleeding on probing Reduction in pocket depth
Horizontal bone loss is evident between teeth #20 and #21. The type of pocket formed is referred to as an infrabony pocket.
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The first statement is TRUE, and the second statement is FALSE The first statement is FALSE , and the second statement is TRUE Both statements are TRUE Both statements are FALSE
When comparing photo A with photo B, and photo C with photo D, what should the dental hygienist conclude about the client's gingival healing?
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Calculus remains, and the gingiva cannot begin the healing process Calculus is removed, and the redness of the gingiva implies infection Calculus is removed, and the gingiva can begin the healing process Calculus remains, and the gingiva can begin the healing process
It is required by law that health care facilities contain a barrier-free design to accommodate clients who have a physical disability. By which of the following laws that ensure the rights of people with disabilities is this client who is wheelchair bound protected?
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1996 Telecommunications Act 1973 Rehabilitation Act 1999 Olmstead Decision 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act
To provide the most optimal treatment to this client, it is the responsibility of the dental hygienist to do all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
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To take the responsibility of transferring the client from the wheelchair to the dental chair To assess the client's cognitive awareness To determine his ability to ambulate with or without assistance To determine his ability to communicate and interpret information
Which of the following vertebrae is affected by the spinal cord injury of this client with paraplegia?
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The inverted Y in the maxillary left canine periapical film represents the intersection of:
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Orbital cavity and nasal cavity Orbital cavity and maxillary sinus Maxillary sinus and nasal fossa Nasal fossa and maxillary tuberosity
The radiographic error in the maxillary central incisor can be corrected by:
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Adjusting the horizontal angulations Moving the film more distally to the left Replacing depleted developer and fixer solutions Removing the bite block from the client's mouth
Common signs or symptoms that may occur after tongue piercing include all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
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In addition to the chipped tooth, which of the following adverse outcomes secondary to tongue piercing is present in this client?
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Increased salivary flow Damage to restorations Pulpal sensitivity Soft tissue injury
The full mouth series of radiographs indicate that this client is experiencing all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
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The client's labial mucosa presents with a fibroma. Which of the following statements regarding fibromas is TRUE?
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It is the least common of oral fibrous benign neoplasms It is a reactive fibrous hyperplasia caused by trauma or local irritation It is a round-to-ovoid, symptomatic, smooth-surfaced, and firmsessile, or pedunculated mass Its diameter ranges from 1 mm to 2 cm
On the lingual roots of tooth #23 and tooth #24, a gingival cleft is present, and the marginal alveolar bone is denuded, forming a defect extending apical to the normal level and exposing an abnormal amount of root surface. This is characteristic of:
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While performing periodontal debridement of tooth #5, the instrument breaks. All of the following are appropriate actions EXCEPT one. Which one is this EXCEPTION?
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Isolating the area with gauze or cotton roll Drying the area using the airwater syringe Taking a periapical radiograph of the area Using another instrument to examine the sulcus
The client's mucogingival junction is located 3 mm from the gingival margin on the facial surface of tooth #22. On the basis of the pocket measurement on this surface, what is the amount of attached gingiva at the facial surface of tooth #22?
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0 mm 1 mm 2 mm 3 mm
The carious lesion needing the MOST immediate attention is seen on:
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89. 89.
Case F Images
To reduce the amount of radiation exposure for this client when taking the full mouth series of radiographs, it is BEST that the dental hygienist use:
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When the client returns for evaluation following his periodontal debridement, gingival bleeding and edema on the mesial and distal of tooth #13 are noticed. Which of the following is the treatment of choice?
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Probing the periodontal sulcus No treatment Removing residual calculus Taking a periapical radiograph
Blood pressure rate is considered high Blood pressure rate is considered low Respiration rate is considered high Pulse rate is considered high Vital sign are within normal limits
Which of the following BEST describes the gingival margin on the facial area of tooth #28?
o o o
Edematous
The total number of tooth buds that fuse together to form anterior permanent teeth are:
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2 3 4 5
During the assessment phase of care, the dental hygienist determined that some of the client's premolar teeth are indicated for pit-and-fissure sealants. What percentage of phosphoric acid is contained in the acid-conditioning agent used during the sealant placement?
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Occlusal contour of tooth Eruption status of tooth Frequency of recare or recall appointments or continued care appointments Presence of a carious lesion on the proximal surface
When examining this client's teeth, the dental hygienist notices that the dental sealant on tooth #14 is partially missing. Which of the following should be undertaken?
o o
No treatment at this time Re-etching tooth surface and reapplying the dental sealant
o o
Removing the remainder of the dental sealant and replacing it Replacing the dental sealant with a restorative material
As the dental hygienist replaces the dental sealant on tooth #14, the sealant dislodges from the tooth when the client is rinsing. Which of the following factors is MOST likely the cause of the failure of sealant placement?
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Moisture contamination Dated etching solution Insufficient rinsing time Omission of a post-application fluoride treatment
Accidental exposure to white light Concentrated developer solution Developer solution being too hot Inadequate development time
K L S T
o o
The client's mother reports that they live in the city and that the community water supply is fluoridated. What is the optimal amount of fluoride appropriate for the city water supply?
o o o o
0.7 parts per million (ppm) 1.0 ppm 1.6 ppm 2.0 ppm
The root of tooth #O appears blunted. Which of the following BEST describes the cause of this blunted root?
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Improper film placement Pathologic bone lesion Root fracture Physiologic root resorption
Which of the following is the MOST appropriate dental caries index to use with this client?
o o o o
The dental hygienist has been asked to take alginate impressions on the client and the client says that he is concerned about gagging. Which of the following will help reduce the client's gagging sensation?
o
o o o
Asking the client to concentrate on breathing through his nose Spraying the client's throat with a topical anesthetic Placing the client in the Trendelenburg position
The father of this client asks what the dental office personnel do to ensure that his son does not contract a disease from other clients. Which of the following explains the concept of "standard precautions"?
o o o
Precautions are taken when treating a specific client Precautions are taken on the assumption that all blood and other bodily fluids of clients are infectious
Precautions are taken when treating clients who are infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 106. 106. Case H Images
All of the following are risk factors for this client's high blood pressure EXCEPT for one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
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All of the following are true in regards to this client's antihypertensive medication EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
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The majority of hypertensive patients take two types of medications Beta-blockers are not effective in treating hypertension Diovin HCT acts as a diuretic and allows blood to flow more easily through the vessels. In addition to hypertension, propolonol is also used to treat migraines and anxiety 108.
108.
Case H Images
According to the American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, this client's physical status can be classified as:
o o o o o
According to the American Association of Periodontology, this client's periodontal classification is:
o o o o o
Case Type I: Gingivitis Case Type II: Slight chronic periodontitis Case Type III: Moderate chronic or aggressive periodontitis Case Type IV: Advanced chronic or aggressive periodontitis Case Type V: Refractory, chronic, or aggressive periodontitis
The mandibular right first molar exhibits a furcation involvement MOST appropriately classified as?
o o
Class I Class II
o o o
This client has Class II mobility on teeth #6 and #7. Which of the following BEST describes this classification of tooth mobility?
o o o o
Barely discernible movement Tooth can be moved up to 1 mm in any direction Tooth can be moved 1 mm in any direction but is not depressible in socket Tooth can be moved in a buccolingual direction and is depressible in socket
Each of the following factors contributes to difficulty in debriding the mandibular anterior sextant EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
o o o o
Sensitivity of the client Large deposits of supra and subgingival calculus Mobility of teeth Rolled gingival margin
The dark lines evident on the left premolar bitewing are MOST likely caused by
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Bent or creased film Static electricity Film overlap during developing Fingernail use
Tobacco use is not considered a strong environmental risk factor for chronic periodontitis. However, it has been found that smoking does impair revascularization during healing.
o o o o
First statement is TRUE, and second statement is FALSE First statement is FALSE, and second statement is TRUE. Both statements are TRUE Both statements are FALSE
During the measuring of probe depths, the client mentions that it hurts and asks the dental hygienist to stop. Which of the following procedures is BEST to follow?
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Suggest to the client that you administer local anesthesia per quadrant, then probe and debride that quadrant Discontinue probing and reconsider measuring at the next recare visit Ask the client to withstand the pain due to the importance of probing Modify your instrumentation technique and not insert to the base of the sulcus
Anesthetic agents that contain vasopressors are CONTRAINDICATED in clients with a history of hypertension because vasopressors increase the risk of cerebrovascular accident, myocardial infarction, and congestive heart failure.
o o o o
Both the statement and the reason are correct and related Both the statement and the reason are correct and not related The statement is correct but the reason is not correct Neither the statement nor the reason is correct
The amide type of local anesthetic agent includes all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
o o o o
119.
Case H Images
Bone loss evident on the radiographs on the mesial of tooth #30 is indicative of what type of pocket?
o o o o
All of the following are true regarding the stain present on the lingual surfaces of the mandibular anterior teeth EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
o o o o
Brown stain is extrinsic to the tooth Coloration is due to blood pigments from the diseased pocket tissues Smoking is a contributing factor Extrinsic stain removal can occur with debridement of supragingival calculus
Which of the following medications prescribed to this client is BEST used to reduce the rate of atherothrombosis?
o o o o
Simvastatin, a lipid lowering drug, belongs to the class of pharmaceuticals called statins. The client should avoid grapefruit when taking simvastatitin due to the risk of toxicity.
o o o
The first statement is TRUE, and the second statement is FALSE The first statement is FALSE, and the second statement is TRUE Both statements are TRUE
What is the first action the dental hygienist should take if this client describes that he has chest pain and labored breathing?
o o o o
Reassure the client Administer oxygen Call for urgent medical assistance Place client in upright position
After consulting with the client's physician; the dental hygienist received information about the client's prothrombin time. What is the normal therapeutic range for prothrombin time?
o o o o
All of the following are true regarding heart stent implants EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
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Stents are removed approximately 4 weeks after surgery Stents are referred to as balloon angioplasty Stents are indicated for narrow or blocked arteries Stents cause impaired arteries
The pathological lesion evident between the roots of tooth #8 and tooth #9 is referred to as a
o o
o o
Which of the following BEST describes the radiopaque areas superimposed on the root surfaces of teeth #20, #21, #22, #27, #28, and #29?
o o o o
128.