Computer Application to Population Studies Practical Class

BY ABATAN S. MATTHEW DEMOG APHY AND SOC!A" STAT!ST!CS DEPT #EDE A" $N!%E S!TY OYE&E'!T!

Definition of Population Concepts

What is Demography and Population Study( T)e ori*in o+ t)e ,ord -demo*rap)./ 0demo 1 people2 and -*rap)ein/ 1 to ,rite3 su**ests t)e *eneral nature and scope o+ t)e su45ect matter6 t)at is2 demo*rap). is concerned ,it) t)e description2 anal.sis and understandin* o+ t)e population p)enomena. !t in7ol7es mat)ematical and statistical description o+ )uman population. !t can also 4e descri4ed as t)e scienti+ic stud. o+ )uman population2 includin* its si8e2 distri4ution2 composition2 and t)e +actors t)at determine it2

Scope of Study
Demo*rap). +ocuses 0scope3 on +i7e aspects o+ )uman population9 0:3 si8e2 0;3 0;3 distri4ution 0<3 0<3 composition2 0=3 0=3 population d.namics2 and 0>3 0>3 socio&economic determinants and conse?uences o+ population c)an*e.

Contn
Population size is simpl. t)e num4er o+ persons in a *i7en area at a *i7en time. Population distribution re+ers to t)e ,a. t)e population is dispersed in *eo*rap)ic space at a *i7en time. Population composition re+ers to t)e num4ers o+ person in se@2 a*e and ot)er -demo*rap)ic/ cate*ories. Population dynamics re+ers to t)e role o+ 4irt)s2 deat)s and mi*ration in population c)an*e 0Pt; 1 Pt: A B&D A M3.

Population, Census and Sample Survey

T)is is *roup o+ o45ects or or*anisms o+ t)e same Bind. !n demo*rap)ic sense2 it re+ers to t)e -in)a4itants/ o+ a *i7en area at a *i7en time2 ,)ere in)a4itants could 4e de+ined eit)er on t)e de +acto or de 5ure 4asis. !n statistical sense2 t)e term -population/ re+ers to t)e entire set o+ persons 0or p)enomenon3 o+ interest in a particular stud.. Census T)is is t)e main source o+ demo*rap)ic statistics in man. countries. !t is usuall. de+ined as t)e total process o+ collectin*2 compilin* and pu4lis)in* demo*rap)ic2 economic and social data pertainin* at a speci+ied time or times to all persons in a countr. or ,ell&delineated area. Sample T)is re+ers to a su4set o+ a population 0in statistical sense3 +or ,)ic) data are t.picall. collected in a -sur7e./ ,)ic) is a ,a. o+ pro7idin* respondents ,it) ?uestions to 4e ans,ered 0t)rou*) personal inter7ie,s2 telep)one inter7ie,s2 mail&outCmail&4acB ?uestionnaires3. !t is t)e second most important source o+ demo*rap)ic statistics in A+rica.

SPSS 0Statistical PacBa*e +or t)e Social Sciences3

SPSS is a statistical anal.sis and data mana*ement so+t,are pacBa*e. SPSS can taBe data +rom almost an. t.pe o+ +ile and use t)em to *enerate ta4ulated reports2 c)arts2 and plots o+ distri4utions and trends2 descripti7e statistics2 and conduct comple@ statistical anal.ses.

Tutorial 1: SPSS Windo s T)ere are si@ di++erent ,indo,s t)at can 4e opened ,)en usin* SPSS. T)e +ollo,in* ,ill *i7e a description o+ eac) o+ t)em.
T)e Data Editor T)e %aria4le %ie, T)e Output Na7i*ator T)e Pi7ot Ta4le Editor T)e C)art Editor T)e Te@t Output Editor T)e S.nta@ Editor

T)e Data Editor

T)e Data Editor is a spreads)eet in ,)ic) .ou de+ine .our 7aria4les and enter data. Eac) ro, corresponds to a case ,)ile eac) column represents a 7aria4le. T)e title 4ar displa.s t)e name o+ t)e open data +ile or D$ntitledD i+ t)e +ile )as not .et 4een sa7ed. T)is ,indo, opens automaticall. ,)en SPSS is started.

T)e Output Na7i*ator

T)e Output Na7i*ator ,indo, displa.s t)e statistical results2 ta4les2 and c)arts +rom t)e anal.sis .ou per+ormed. An Output Na7i*ator ,indo, opens automaticall. ,)en .ou run a procedure t)at *enerates output. !n t)e Output Na7i*ator ,indo,s2 .ou can edit2 mo7e2 delete and cop. .our results in a Microso+t E@plorer&liBe en7ironment.

T)e Output Na7i*ator

!ariable !ie

The ma"or or# is done in this variable vie $n this indo u can define ur data name, specified the type of data, label and coding variables

Creating a %e

Data Set

ST&P 1: Defining !ariables in a %e Data Set %aria4les are de+ined one at a time usin* t)e %aria4le 7ie, dialo* 4o@. T)is 4o@ assi*ns data de+inition in+ormation to 7aria4les. To access t)e De+ine %aria4le dialo* 4o@2 T)ere are < ,a.s to do t)is9 ClicB on t)e 4ottom o+ ,indo, ta**ed 7aria4le 7ie, or Dou4le&clicB top o+ column ,)ere t)e ,ord E7arF appears or select De+ine %aria4le +rom t)e menu

%aria4le Name9
T)is +ield descri4es t)e name o+ t)e 7aria4le 4ein* de+ined. To c)an*e t)e name2 place t)e cursor in t)is +ield and t.pe t)e name. T)e 7aria4le name must 4e*in ,it) a letter o+ t)e alp)a4et and cannot e@ceed G c)aracters. Spaces are not allo,ed ,it)in t)e 7aria4le name. Eac) 7aria4le name must 4e uni?ue.

T.pe
T)is +ield descri4es t)e t.pe o+ 7aria4le t)at is 4ein* de+ined. To c)an*e t)is +ield2 clicB on t)e T.peH 4utton. T)is ,ill open t)e De+ine %aria4le T.pe9 dialo* 4o@. Select t)e appropriate t.pe o+ data.

%aria4le "a4el9
T)ere are t,o t.pes o+ 7aria4le la4els9 :.%aria4le "a4el9 A name +or t)e 7aria4le t)at can 4e up to :;I c)aracters lon* and can include spaces 0,)ic) 7aria4le names cannot3. !+ a 7aria4le la4el is entered2 t)e la4el ,ill 4e printed on c)arts and reports instead o+ t)e name2 maBin* t)em easier to understand

%alue "a4el9
Pro7ides a Be. +or translatin* numeric data. To c)an*e t)e 7aria4le la4el2 clicB on t)e "a4elsH 4utton. T)is ,ill open t)e De+ine "a4els9 dialo* 4o@. Enter t)e appropriate in+ormation into t)e +ields. W)en done2 clicB on t)e Continue 4utton.

Sample o+ %alue "a4el

ST&P ': &ntering Data in a %e Data Set

Once all o+ t)e 7aria4les are de+ined2 enter t)e data manuall. 0assumin* t)at t)e data is not alread. in an e@ternal +ile3. T)e data is t.ped into t)e spreads)eet one cell at a time. Eac) cell represents an o4ser7ation. W)en in+ormation is t.ped into a cell2 it appears in t)e edit area at t)e top o+ t)e ,indo,. T)e in+ormation is entered into t)e cell ,)en t)e acti7e cell is c)an*ed. T)e mouse and t)e ta42 enter2 and cursor Be.s can 4e used to enter data.

ST&P (: Saving a %e

Data Set

WorB per+ormed on a data set onl. lasts durin* t)e current session. To retain t)e current data set2 it must 4e sa7ed to a +ile. :. Select Sa7e +rom t)e #ile menu. T)e Sa7e Data As dialo* 4o@ opens. ;. #rom t)e Sa7e as T.pe drop&do,n list2 select SPSS 0J.sa73. <. #rom t)e Sa7e in drop&do,n list2 select t)e pat) ,)ere t)e +ile ,ill 4e sa7ed. =. !n t)e #ile name 4o@2 enter a name +or t)e +ile. SPSS automaticall. adds t)e e@tension .sa7. >. ClicB Sa7e.

e+erence
SPSS $nstruction )anual, $ni7ersit. o+ Waterloo2Department o+ Statistics and Actuarial Science Septem4er :2 0:KKG3 !nteracti7e Data Anal.sis 4. Dr A5i4o.e S.A 0#$TA2 ;I:<3 Disco7erin* Statistics T)rou*) SPSS 4. And.

T)e +ollo,in* manual ,ill *i7e an introductor. description o+ )o, to use SPSS.
SPSS *uide by +ilman Shin Some helpful ebsites concerning SPSS are: ,cofc,edu-academic-admin-acomp-*uides-spss,html ,spss,com . ,leeds,ac,u#-ucs-docs-beg1/-beg1/,html . ,nyu,edu-acf-pubs-SPSS0Win-SPSS indoc0ToC,html . ,indiana,edu-1statmath-smdoc-inde2,html