1. Alasdair MacIntyre, After Virtue (Notre Dame, Ind.

: Notre Dame University Press, 1981), and

Michael andel, Liberalism and the Limits of Justice (Ne! "or#: $am%rid&e University Press, 198').

2. (riedrich A. )aye#, The Political Order of a Free People ($hica&o: University o* $hica&o
Press, 19+9), and ,o%ert No-ic#, Anarchy, State and Utopia (Ne! "or#: .asic .oo#s, 19+/).

3. ,onald D!or#in, Takin !i hts Seriously ($am%rid&e: )arvard University Press, 19+8), and
0ohn ,a!ls, A Theory of Justice ($am%rid&e: )arvard University Press, 19+1).

12. MacIntyre, After Virtue, and Allan .loom, The "losin of the American #ind (Ne! "or#:
imon and ch1ster, 198+). ,o%ert .ellah, et al., $abits of the $eart (.er#eley: University o* $ali*ornia Press, 1982)3 Pococ#, #achia%ellian #oment. #inner distin&1ishes his readin& o* re41%licanism !ith its stron& em4hasis on 4artici4ation *rom MacIntyre5s e**orts to *ind an Aristotelian, 6o%7ective conce4tion o* the 8ood6 (69n 01stice,6 ''').

13. $harles :aylor, #ulticulturalism and the Politics of !eco nition (Princeton: Princeton
University Press, 199')3 ,onald .einer, &hat's the #atter (ith Liberalism) (.er#eley: University o* $ali*ornia Press, 199')3 .en7amin .ar%er, Stron *emocracy (.er#eley: University o* $ali*ornia Press, 198/).

14. andel *inds that 6a 4erson inca4a%le o* constit1tive attachments...is not...an ideally *ree and
rational a&ent, %1t...a 4erson !holly...!itho1t moral de4th6 (Liberalism, 1+9).

15. andel, Liberalism3 :aylor, Sources of the Self ($am%rid&e: )arvard University Press, 1989)3
MacIntyre, After Virtue3 .loom, "losin of the American #ind3 .ellah, $abits of the $eart3 (rederic# ;a1&han, The Tradition of Political $edonism from $obbes to #ill (Ne! "or#: (ordham University Press, 19+2)3 $hristo4her <asch, "ulture of +arcissism (Ne! "or#: =arner .oo#s, 19+9)3 and ,o%ert Nis%et, The Present A e, Pro ress and Anarchy in #odern America (Ne! "or#: )ar4er and ,o!, 1988).

16. ee Pococ#5s disc1ssion o* li%eralism as a theory o* la! desi&ned to 4rotect ri&hts (#oment,
/>?/@)3 also see Michael andel5s disc1ssion o* the 4roced1ral re41%lic in li%eralism (6:he Proced1ral ,e41%lic and the Uninc1m%ered el*.6 (or a disc1ssion o* the 4roced1ral rather than s1%stantive character o* the li%eralism o* ,a!ls, D!or#in, and Ac#erman, see =illiam 8alston, 6De*endin& <i%eralism,6 American Political Science !e%ie( +@ (198'), @'1?'' and :aylor, #ulticulturalism, @'

6. =hy democracy sho1ld 4rotect 4rivate 4ro4erty, see (riedrich )aye#, The Political Order of a
Free People ($hica&o: University o* $hica&o Press, 19+9), and ,o%ert No-ic#,Anarchy, State, and Utopia (Ne! "or#: .asic .oo#s, 19+/). =hy democracy sho1ld redistri%1te 4rivate

4ro4erty, see 8raeme D1ncan, ed., *emocracy and the "apitalist State (Ne! "or#: $am%rid&e University Press, 1989), and (ran# $1nnin&ham, *emocratic Theory and Socialism ($am%rid&e: $am%rid&e University Press, 198+). =hy 4ro4erty sho1ld %e s1%ordinate to 4rinci4les o* 71stice, see 0ohn ,a!ls, A Theory of Justice ($am%rid&e: )arvard University Press, 19+1). (or a critical disc1ssion o* &ro!th see David MarA1and, The Unprincipled Society (<ondon: (antana, 198+).

12. ee 0. 8. A. Pococ#, The #achia%ellian #oment (Princeton: Princeton University Press,

19+1). Also see his Virtue, "ommerce, and $istory ($am%rid&e: $am%rid&e University Press, 1982), cha4s. ' and >. B1entin #inner, The Foundations of #odern Political Thou ht ($am%rid&e: $am%rid&e University Press, 19+8)3 also see his 69n 01stice, the $ommon 8ood, and the Priority o* <i%erty6 in *imensions of !adical *emocracy edited %y $harles Mo1**e (<ondon: ;erso, 199'). Machiavelli

65. ee Pococ#, #oment3 #inner, Foundations3 and .r1ce mith, Politics of !emembrance
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982). ,o1ssea1

93. $arole Pateman, Participation and *emocratic Theory ($am%rid&e: $am%rid&e University
Press, 19+C)3 .en7amin .ar%er, Stron *emocracy (.er#eley: University o* $ali*ornia Press, 198/)3 and David )eld, #odels of *emocracy ( tan*ord: tan*ord University Press, 198+).

94. ee $. (red Al*ord, The Self in Social Theory (Ne! )aven: "ale University Press, 1991)3
=illiam $onnolly, Political Theory and #odernity (<ondon: .asil .lac#!ell, 1988)3 ,o&er Masters, Political Philosophy of !ousseau (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 19@8)3 Alan ,yan, Property and Political Theory (<ondon: .asil .lac#!ell, 198/)3 01dith h#lar, #en and "iti-ens, A Study of !ousseau's Social Theory ($am%rid&e: $am%rid&e University Press, 19@9). :he readin& I advance is contrary to commentaries that *ind ,o1ssea1 is a 4rec1rsor o* 6totalitarian democracy.6 ee 0. <. :almon, The !ise of Totalitarian *emocracy (<ondon: ec#er and =ar%1r&, 192')