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ABSTRAK

SILVIKASARI. Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Kasar Flavonoid Daun Gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb). Dibimbing oleh LAKSMI AMBARSARI dan SURYANI. Umumnya infeksi disebabkan oleh Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli yang pencegahannya dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian antibiotik. Penggunaan antibiotik dalam skala besar menyebabkan beberapa strain S. aureus dan E.coli menjadi resisten. Hal ini mendorong ditemukannya sumber antibakteri baru yang tersedia dalam jumlah besar dan memiliki efek resistensi yang lebih kecil. Upaya yang dilakukan adalah dengan memanfaatkan potensi antibakteri dari daun gambir. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak kasar flavonoid daun gambir. Ekstraksi flavonoid dilakukan dengan metode maserasi bertingkat dan diperoleh tiga jenis ekstrak, yaitu ekstrak air, ekstrak kloroform, dan ekstrak heksana. Ketiga jenis ekstrak tersebut diuji aktivitas antibakterinya dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Eschericia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus dengan metode difusi agar. Hasil penelitian diperoleh, ekstrak yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri ialah ekstrak air. Penentuan konsentrasi bakteriostatik dilakukan dengan metode difusi agar sedangkan sifat bakterisidal ditentukan dengan pengukuran Optical Density zona bening hasil KHTM pada panjang gelombang 600 nm. Ekstrak kasar flavonoid daun gambir bersifat bakteriostatik terhadap Eschericia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus pada konsentrasi 1%, 3%, 5%, dan 7%. Daya hambatnya pada konsentrasi 1% tergolong lemah sedangkan pada konsentrasi 3%, 5%, dan 7% tergolong kuat. Ekstrak kasar flavonoid bersifat bakterisidal pada konsentrasi 9%.

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ABSTRACT
SILVIKASARI. Antibacterial Activities of Crude Extract of flavonoids in Gambir Leaves (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) Under the direction of LAKSMI AMBARSARI and SURYANI. Infection of diseases could be caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Eschericia coli that can be prevented by antibiotics. The use of antibiotic in high concentration causes some strains of S.aureus and E.coli become resistant. This situation will encourage the exploration of new antibacterial sources that are available in large quantities and lower resistance effect. The solution is to utilize the antibacterial potency of the leaves of gambir. The objective of this study is to examine the antibacterial activity of crude extract of flavonoids in gambir leaves. Extraction of flavonoids have been done by maceration storey method and obtained aquous extract, chloroform extract and hexane extract. The potential of those extracts have been examined to inhibit the growth of E. coli dan S. aureus by agar diffusion method. The results showed that aquous extract had antibacterial activity. Based on the phytochemical analysis, the aquous extract contained flavonoid. Bacteriostatic was determined by agar diffusion method, meanwhile the bactericidal was determined by measurement of the optical density of minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) at wavelength of 600 nm. The crude extract of flavonoids in gambir leaves are bacteriostatic against Eschericia coli and Staphylococcus aureus at concentrations of 1%, 3%, 5% and 7%. Inhibition against Eschericia coli and Staphylococcus aureus occurred at concentration of 1% and classified as weak, while the concentration of 3%, 5% and 7% was classified as strong. The crude extract flavonoid have bactericidal activity at concentration 9%.

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