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http://www.aawsat.com/details.asp?section=4&article=703673&issueno=12401#.UiCRxdIwprc

( )6 : :

http://www.vdc-sy.info/index.php/ar/reports/4thdivision

( )7 :
.2012 :
http://www.hrw.org/ar/reports/2011/12/15-0

2500 .
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http://www.hrw.org/ar/reports/2012/07/03-1

http://www.hrw.org/ar/news/2013/06/24

: :

http://www.almustaqbal.com/storiesv4.aspx?storyid=576241

:
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http://www.vdc-sy.info/index.php/ar/reports/daraaairforce

76

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http://www.vdc-sy.info/index.php/ar/reports/khatibbranch.

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http://www.vdc-sy.info/index.php/ar/reports/militarybranch227.

( )9 . :
http://www.vdc-sy.info/index.php/ar/martyrs/1/c29ydGJ5PWEua2lsbGVkX2RhdGV8c29ydGRpcj1
ERVNDfGFwcHJvdmVkPXZpc2libGV8ZXh0cmFkaXNwbGF5PTB8Y29kTXVsdGk9Niw3LDksMTB8

( )10 Lauren WolfeSyria has a massive rape crisis :

http://www.womenundersiegeproject.org/blog/entry/syria-has-a-massive-rape-crisis :
: :
http://www.hrw.org/ar/news/2012/06/15-1

( )11 270 . :

http://www.aljazeera.net/news/pages/75a1131d-0341-4c6d-b1d7-aff2c9dd424d

( )12 : :

http://therepublicgs.net/2013/07/15/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9%D8%8C-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8
5%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%8C-%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9/

( )13 : :
http://almustaqbal.com/storiesv4.aspx?storyid=522645

( )14 :

http://alhayat.com/Details/425424

( )15 :
:
http://therepublicgs.net/2013/05/22/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A-%D9%83%
D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%8C-%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC-%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%85/

( )16 : .1986
( )17 :

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( )18 :
http://www.alarabiya.net/ar/aswaq/oil-and-gas/2013/04/02/-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8
%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B5%D8%AF-%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1-

77

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( )19 :

http://www.alarabiya.net/ar/aswaq/oil-and-gas/2013/04/02/-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8
%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B5%D8%AF-%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B7-%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A7-%20
%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7-.html

( )20 :
2013 .233
( )21 : ... http://www.al-akhbar.com/node/185107 :
( )22 : .https://al-akhbar.com/node/186210 :
:
http://www.rasseen.com/art.php?id=36504b73135ab0b8070bb2e3f50be050a36f0bf1

( )23 : http://alhayat.com/Details/460137 :

( )24 :

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/25/opinion/sunday/in-syria-america-loses-if-either-side-wins.html?smid=fb&share&_r=1

( )25 : . :
http://www.amad.ps/arabic/?Action=Details&ID=120094

( )26
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.
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http://therepublicgs.net/2013/05/15/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF-%D8
%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84/

http://therepublicgs.net/2013/06/02/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88-%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84/

http://therepublicgs.net/2013/06/17/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88-%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%8
4%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A/.

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1 .1

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http://www.un.org/News/dh/infocus/Syria/FinalCommuniqueActionGroupforSyria.pdf

7 .7 2012 :

http://parliament.sy/forms/new_laws/viewNew_laws.php?law_id=37&mid=30&cid=30

Volker Perthes, The Political Economy of Syria Under Asad, London: I.B.Tauris, Nov 15, 1997.

9 .9

88.

http://www.ces.es/TRESMED/docum/sir-cttn-ara.pdf

1010
http://hem.bredband.net/cdpps/repdcc.jan.htm#_edn26 :
1111 5/ 2011

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20-6-6
http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_archive.asp?FileName=28138739820110606022921

5/ 2011 .
(2011-8-6
http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_archive.asp?FileName=30404926220110805230406

26/ 2011
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http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_archive.asp?FileName=30232070820110727014925


20/ 2011 27/ .2012
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129

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http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_archive.asp?FileName=535746415201202280117222012
1212 2011
http://sana.sy/ara/360/2011/08/06/362170.htm:
1313 .88-83
1414 : (
)20000 : ( 1973:
.)2002
1515 1973 :
( : .)1987
1616 :

Middle East Watch Committee (ed), Syria Unmasked, the suppression of human rights by the regime (New Haven:
Yale university press, 1991).
1717Alan George, Syria: neither bread nor freedom (London; New York: zed Books, 2003) p 2-3. :

1818

.20 2007
1919 14 /1/.2007
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