QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION:

Answer the following briefly but concisely. Chapter 1 Research and the Problem for Investigation 1. 2. 3. 4. What is research? Why is its process considered cyclical in nature? How is a problem known to be a research problem? What are the elements of a research problem? How is a good research problem selected? What are the guidelines in selecting a research problem? 5. How is the title of a research problem formulated? 6. How are the general and the specific statement of the problem formulated? 7. Why are assumptions and hypotheses important in research? What functions do they serve? How are they formulated? Are hypotheses always explicit? Why? Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature and Studies 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What is the nature of related studies and literature? How are related literature and studies formulated? Why are related studies and literature important in research? What are their functions? What are the characteristics of good related literature and studies? From what sources may related literature and studies located?

Chapter 3 Historical Research 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. What is a historical research? How is a problem or topic chosen for historical research? From where are the data for historical research gathered? What are the sources? How are data analyzed by internal criticism? By external criticism? Why is it important to use both internal and external criticism? What are the guidelines in writing an effective historical research? What characterizes a historical research? What could be good topics for historical research?

Chapter 4 Descriptive Research 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Explain what is a descriptive research? Give the characteristics of descriptive studies. What are the advantages of descriptive researches? What techniques of research are used under descriptive researches? Explain each. Differentiate between normative survey and case study. What are the advantages of surveys over case studies? Its disadvantages? What is content analysis? What are its uses?

Chapter 5 Experimental Research 1. Explain the process of experimental research? 2. Differentiate a dependent from an independent variable. What are their functions in an experimental research? 3. Give the distinguishing features of experiments. 4. Explain how experimental designs are conducted. 5. Describe fully the activities in an experimental plan. Chapter 6 Collection of Data 1. How are data classified according to source? What are their advantages and disadvantages? 2. What are the characteristics of a good research instrument? Explain each. Chapter 7 The Questionnaire 1. What is a questionnaire? 2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a questionnaire as a means of gathering data? 3. What are the guidelines in the formulation of questions in a questionnaire? Explain, justify and give examples each. Chapter 8 The Interview 1. What is an interview? What are the functions of the participants in an interview? 2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using the interview as a means of gathering data? 3. What are the types of interviews? 4. What are the steps necessary for an effective interview? Explain each. Chapter 9 Observation 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Define observation in research. Why is observation needed in research? What are its purposes? What are the types of observation? Explain each. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using observation as a means of gathering data? How can observation be made more valid and reliable?

Chapter 10 Ethical Standards 1. Why are ethical standards important in research?