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contents: contents:
--basic basicprinciples principles --software softwarefor forevaluation evaluation and anddocumentation documentation --corrosion corrosiondepth depthevaluation evaluation --corrosion corrosionmapping mapping
Zscherpel, Alekseychuk, Ewert, BAM VIII.3 Rost, BASF AG, DWF/FZ NDT 2003, BINDT, September 2003, Worcester, U.K.
Projection Radiography
Corrosion
Erosion
pipe line
insulation
Projection Radiography
film
source
radiograph
NDT 2003, BINDT, September 2003, Worcester, U.K.
Projection Radiography
w error sources:
- wrong density range - inaccurate edge detection (unsharpness) - wrong magnification factor
Zscherpel, Alekseychuk, Ewert, BAM VIII.3 Rost, BASF AG, DWF/FZ NDT 2003, BINDT, September 2003, Worcester, U.K.
pipe insulation
w` measured on film
Zscherpel, Alekseychuk, Ewert, BAM VIII.3 Rost, BASF AG, DWF/FZ NDT 2003, BINDT, September 2003, Worcester, U.K.
practical approximation :
error [%]
program :
R w= 1 f w'
imaging plate
flat panel
Projection Radiography
screen/film : film digitisation (16 bit, 300 dpi) RCF + F8 (7% of exposure time of Pb+D7)
Zscherpel, Alekseychuk, Ewert, BAM VIII.3 Rost, BASF AG, DWF/FZ
data base
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wtScope.exe
transfer transferof ofimage imageprocessing processingknow-how know-howto toWindows WindowsPC PC (ScanManager (ScanManager1992 1992-1995, -1995,SUN SUNworkstations) workstations)::
--fully fully16 16bit bitdata datadepth depthfor forevaluation evaluationand anddisplay display --unlimited unlimitedimage imagesizes, sizes,limited limitedonly onlyby bymain mainmemory memory(>512 (>512MByte) MByte) --all alldetectors detectors(digitized (digitizedfilm, film,imaging imagingplates, plates,flat flatpanel paneldetectors) detectors) via viaexternal external16 16bit bitLookup LookupTables Tables(LUT) (LUT)linearizable, linearizable,ASCII ASCIItext text --fast fastrekursive rekursivemoving movingaverage averagefiltering filteringfor forarbitrary arbitrarysizes sizesof ofhigh highand and low lowpass passfilters, filters,convolution convolutionwith withvariable variablekernels kernels(ASCII (ASCIItext) text) --sub-sampling sub-samplingfor forimage imagedisplay displaywith withtrue trueaveraging averaging --error errorestimation estimationfor formeasured measuredvalues valuesand andsimple simplegeometric geometriccorrection correction --quick quickdocumentation documentationof ofmeasurements measurementsby byprotocol protocolgeneration generationand and transfer transferto toWord Word --protection protectionof ofapplication applicationby byindividual individualencrypted encryptedlicense licensekeys keys
Zscherpel, Alekseychuk, Ewert, BAM VIII.3 Rost, BASF AG, DWF/FZ NDT 2003, BINDT, September 2003, Worcester, U.K.
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Projection Radiography
input exposure parameters
wall thickness result
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Projection Radiography
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new wall thickness algorithm with adaptive smoothing for improved detection of inner wall position :
Accuracy DN 200 steel test pipe
0,6 0,4 Abweichung / mm 0,2 0 -0,2 -0,4 -0,6 -0,8 0 2 4 6 8 10 wall thickness / mm BASF alt BASF neu CTPWT
0,6 0,4 0,2 0 -0,2 -0,4 -0,6 -0,8 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 wall thickness / mm BASF alt BASF neu CTPWT
Abweichung / mm
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algorithm detects edges, visual not seeable in image : extension of application range in comparison to visual evaluation
Ir 192, DN200:
11 mm
Co 60, DN300:
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24 mm
NDT 2003, BINDT, September 2003, Worcester, U.K.
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local corrosion : wall thickness differences in penetration direction source pipe erosion w-w intensity change, I detector absorption law :
Iw = I0 e -w
2 step algorithm
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Projection Radiography
linearization of film curve and (log.) imaging plate scanner by external 16 bit LUT [Log(gray value proportional to radiation dose)]
digitized digitizedfilm, film,step stepwedge, wedge,160 160kV: kV: imaging imagingplate, plate,pipe pipe(DN (DN150), 150),Ir Ir::
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LUT for linearisation known wall thickness at reference point known wall thickness at measurement point
reference point
measure point
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measure point
known wall thickness at reference point (unchanged) result : local penetrated wall thickness in mm (error ca. 0.2 mm)
reference point
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Projection Radiography
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simulation
separable investigations on influence of : wall thickness radiation source scattered radiation unsharpness
Zscherpel, Alekseychuk, Ewert, BAM VIII.3 Rost, BASF AG, DWF/FZ NDT 2003, BINDT, September 2003, Worcester, U.K.
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Simulation:
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wall thickness on both sides of pipe 5 mm, only profile form differ ! simulation
Zscherpel, Alekseychuk, Ewert, BAM VIII.3 Rost, BASF AG, DWF/FZ NDT 2003, BINDT, September 2003, Worcester, U.K.
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median filter perpenticular (1x49) >2x flaw size difference image pseudo color representation
Zscherpel, Alekseychuk, Ewert, BAM VIII.3 Rost, BASF AG, DWF/FZ
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corrosion mapping after median high pass (gray value prop. penetrated wall thickness, 1x300 points) :
+ 10 mm
- 0 mm - 5 mm
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corrosion mapping after median high pass (gray value prop. to penetrated wall thickness 1x200 points) :
+ 5 mm - 0 mm - 5 mm
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validation
w L
wall thickness
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Projection Radiography
Summary
program for PC based routine measurements on images from all radiographic detectors, tangential wall thickness measurement and local corrosion, simple documentation wall thickness range enlarged compared with visual evaluation in projection radiography measurement of corrosion depth (in centre of pipe) 3D simulation tool for case studies on recognibility Corrosion mapping with median high pass along symmetry axis of the pipe allows presentation of wall thickness differences relative to the nominal wall thickness of the pipe
inspection technique not standardised, written practice necessary ! standard development will be started in 2004
Zscherpel, Alekseychuk, Ewert, BAM VIII.3 Rost, BASF AG, DWF/FZ NDT 2003, BINDT, September 2003, Worcester, U.K.
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The END
contact : uwez@bam.de
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