King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Electrical Engineering Department EE370: Communications Engineering I (091)

Final Exam
January 30, 2010 7:30-10:00AM Building 59-1001 Please write your Serial # Name:____________________________ ID# :_____________________________ Section:____________________________

Question 1 2 3 4 5 Total

Mark /10 /10 /10 /10 /10 /50

Instructions: 1. This is a closed-book/notes exam. 2. CLEARLY LABEL ALL SIGNIFICANT VALUES ON BOTH AXIES OF ANY SKETCH. 3. Show your steps. Do not write final answers without showing the steps. 4. Mobile phones are not allowed in the exam room.

Good luck Coordinator & Instructor Sec1 & Sec2 : Instructor Sec3: Lab Coordinator & Instructor Sec4: Dr. Ali H. Muqaibel Dr. M Abdul Haleem Dr. Azzedine Zerguine

Problem 1 :

Clearly Circle the best answer:

(1) The FM modulated signal 10 cos(2106 t + 4cos(2103t)) has a bandwidth of about (a) 10 kHz (c) 2 kHz (b) 1 MHz (d) Not enough information to estimate the bandwidth

(2) The signal to quantization noise ratio at the output of the quantizer is 20 dB when using quantizer A and 38dB when using quantizer B. (a) Quantizer A is 6 bits less than Quanitzer B (b) Quantizer A is 1 bit less than Quantizer B (c) Quantizer A is 3 bits less than Quantizer B (d) Quantizer A is 6 bits more than Quantizer B
+

(3) Simplify the following expression (a) 0 (b) k

sin k ( ) d k

(c) undefined

(d)

(e) 1

(4) Compared to a sinc pulse, the full roll-off (r=1) raised-cosine pulse has the advantage of: (a) Less transmitted power (c) faster rate of decay (b) Less bandwidth (d) less DC value

(5) In a DM (Delta Modulation) system, the granular noise occurs when the signal (a) increases rapidly (c) change within the step size (b) decreases rapidly (d) has high frequency component

(6) A message signal m(t) is DSBSC modulated with a carrier frequency c. When the DSBSC modulated signal is input to an envelope detector, the output of the envelope detector will be (a) m(t) (c) m (t)
2

(b) |m(t)| (d) m (t)

2

(7) If a message signal m(t) lies in the range -15 < m(t) < 20, the MINIMUM positive value for A that permits using an envelope detector to demodulate the AM signal AM(t) = 3[A+m(t)]cos(220t) is (a) Amin = 20 V (b) Amin = 15 V (c) Amin = 5 V (d) Amin = 2.5 V (8) Four independent messages have bandwidth of 100Hz, 100 Hz, 200 Hz, and 400 Hz, respectively. Each is sampled at Nyquist rate, and samples are Time Division Multiplixed (TDM) and transmitted. The transmitted sample rate is (a) 200 (b) 800 (c) 400 (d) 3200 (e) 1600

(9) A binary source is generating bits at a rate of 1M bps. The data is to be transmitted using 32-ary PAM with zero ISI. Determine the minimum required transmission channel bandwidth. (a) 100 k Hz (b) 125 k Hz (c) 500 kHz (d) 1 M Hz (e) 2 M Hz

(10) Data at a rate of 7 kbit/s is to be transmitted over a binary baseband channel of bandwidth 4 kHz using Nyquist criterion pulses. Determine the maximum value of the roll-off factor r that can be used. (a) 4/7 (b) 7/4 (c) 1/4 (d) 1/7 (e) 3/7

Problem 2 :

Amplitude Modulation

The output signal from an AM (DSB with carrier) modulator is:

AM (t ) = 2cos(220t ) +20cos(200t ) +3cos(260t ) +2cos(180t ) +3cos(140t )

1. Sketch the spectrum of the modulated signal. (2 points)

2. Rewrite the modulated signal in a standard form AM (t ) = [ m (t ) + A ] cos(2 f c t ) , and determine the modulating signal m(t) and the value of A? (2 points)

3. Determine the modulation index, . (1 point)

4. Determine the modulator efficiency, .

(3 points)

5. What is the value of A that will double the efficiency? Can we still use envelope detection with the new value of A, justify your answer (2 points)

Problem 3 :

FM Modulation

1. For audio application with bandwidth of 15 kHz, design (show the block diagram with values) an Armstrong indirect FM modulator to generate an FM carrier with a carrier frequency of 96 MHz and f=20 kHz. A narrow-band FM generator with fc=200 kHz and adjustable f in the range of 9 to 10 Hz is available. The stock room also has an oscillator with adjustable frequency in the range of 9 to 10 MHz. There is a bandpass filter with any center frequency, and only frequency doublers are available. Hint: you need to find 6 values: the value of the two frequency multipliers n1, n2, the exact value of f , the exact oscillator frequency fc, and the center frequency and minimum bandwidth of the BPF. (8 points)

2. If the input to the bandpass limiter is as shown below, sketch the signal at the output of the hard limiter and the signal at the output of the bandpass filter. (2 points)

signal at the output of the hard limiter

signal at the output of the bandpass filter

Problem 4 :
(a) A binary baseband transmission scheme uses duobinay pulses in polar coding (bit values 0 and 1 are represented by -1 and 1 respectively). Assuming no error in the sampled values, complete the following table. (2 points)

Transmitted value Samples

(b)

1 1

-1 0 -2 -2

-1

-1 0 2 2

-1

Complete the following DPSK encoded baseband signal in Figure (a) and draw the signal waveform z(t) at the decoder in Figure (b). (2 points)

0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1
DPSK SIGNAL x(t)

x(t) Delay
(one bit)

z(t)

z(t) (a)
(c) (b)

Complete the table showing the properties of different M-ary modulation schemes. Indicate which is possible with each modulation scheme by writing YES or NO in each box. (2 points) M-ary Modulation Multi-amplitude signal M-ary Orthogonal signal QAM Fixed Power Fixed bandwidth

_________________________________________________________________
Binary data is transmitted over certain channel at a rate of 1Mbit/s. To reduce the transmission bandwidth, it is decided to transmit this data using 16-ary multiamplitude signaling. (1+2+1 points) (i) By what factor can the bandwidth be reduced without ISI?

(ii) Assuming minimum separation between amplitudes in each branch to be the same in both binary and multiamplitude signaling, calulate the factor by which the power is increased in multiamplitude signaling.

(iii)Determine the transmission bandwidth if Nyquist criterion with a roll-off factor of r=0.3 are used to transmit the data.

Problem 5: (4+(3+1+1+1) points) 1. An analog signal of bandwidth 10 kHz is sampled at a rate of 24 kHz, quantized into 256 levels, and coded using M-ary multi-amplitude pulses satisfying Nyquist criterion with a roll-off factor r=0.2. A 30 kHz bandwidth is available to transmit the data. Determine the smallest acceptable value of M.

2. We would like to use the pulse function p(t) shown below to transmit binary data using a POLAR LINE CODING form (notice that because p(t) itself contains three pulses, every bit of data generates three pulses).

We know that the polar line code y(t) can be expressed as

y (t ) =

k =

p(t kTb ) ,

where Tb is the bit period of the line code and p(t) is the pulse used. ak is -1 for a bit with value 0 and it is +1 for a bit with value 1. a) Draw the line code y(t) for the sequence 10100. Assume that the first bit transmitted is the leftmost bit (1 in this case) and that it is transmitted at time t = 0. 1 0.5 t=0

-0.5 -1

b)

If decision at the detector is performed by first sampling the signal y(t) and then applying the rules y(kTb) > 0 kth bit is a 1, y(kTb) 0 kth bit is a 0. What will the received bits look like at time instants 0, Tb, 2Tb, 3Tb that correspond to the transmitted waveform y(t) in part (a).

c)

From the results in (b) and looking at p(t), is the pulse p(t) a zero-ISI pulse? Why?

d) If no noise is present and using the same decision rule as in (b), what is/are the sequence/s that results in a wrong decision? explain