Index

Topic
Page No.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Introduction paper bag

Objectives paper bags industry

Research methodology
finding Suggestion & recommendation conclusion Bibliography

PAPER BAGS INDUSTRY

INTRODUCTION
We specialize in producing personalized paper bags which enable you to choose your desired size, shape, style and color. We offer a competitive price with a high standard of service and try to respond to the queries of our clients immediately. Our motto is customer satisfaction and hence we keep a track on the shipments until it reaches you. We manufacture and export Bags in diversified and innovative fashion. We are dedicated to the development of products which work to further eradication of plastic pollution. These products are bio-degradable and exceptionally durable. We follow strictly ethical working conditions and a strict Fair Trading Policy. Our bags can be made in different colours, sizes and shapes. The printing on these bags are done with utmost care so as to attract people to read the matter on it which remains the main purpose of a promotional bag. We also provide an opportunity for you to design your own bag that suits only your need.
Owing to the increased awareness of biologically non-disposable nature of the Plastics bags, the plastic carry bags are being banned in many cities and urban centres. The disposal and recycling of plastic bags have created havoc and a threat to the Environment. Suitable solution to come out of this difficulty is to replace, wherever possible, plastic bags with other bio-degradable materials such as paper bags, cotton bags, jute bags etc., Considering the necessity to solve this problem there is an immediate demand for paper carry bags, which can be made in different sizes and thicknesses.

MARKET POTENTIAL

Does paper have a future in the digital age? Ultimately, it is a question best answered by the needs of the consumers, but based on the global demand outlook, consumers still want paper well into the 21st century. World demand for paper has doubled in the past 20 years and it is forecast to double again by the year 2010. Per capita consumption of paper & paper board in India at 5 Kg is very low compared to other developing countries like China (17.2 Kg), Brazil (28 Kg) for the year 2000. Therefore, despite the threat of paperless transaction, scope for paper demand appears to be bright. In developed nations it is as high as 152 Kgs per annum. The challenge for the Indian paper industry to meet the ever-increasing demand of paper, board and newsprint is getting crippled due to shortage of fibers in the country. The future demand of paper is expected to grow from 5.6 MT at present TO 9.5 MT in 2010 and 13 MT in 2015. Demand for cream wove paper and Map litho paper is expected to increase by 7-8%. Demand for different kinds of coated paper has increased by 8% in 2002, duplex board has recorded increase by 6.5%, Kraft paper has registered a 6% rise in demand and newsprint an impressive 10%. Current world production of paper is of the order of 283 million tones. The per capita consumption of paper is 45 kg. Developing countries average at 12 kg per annum and developed countries at 152 kg per annum. Paper is an eco-friendly product. It is made from natural raw materials and as an end product, paper is bio-degradable. Paper has no real competing product. Plastic which was rated as a substitute for paper has lost the race, being non bio-degradable. Electronic media, which was considered a threat to the growth of the print media, has not dampened the growth of paper usage by the print media. Thus there seems to be no barrier for growth of the paper industry. Among the regions, Asia is expected to record the highest rate of growth. There are certain products for which market demand is always accelerated. Paper bag is also one of such products. In view of Governments proposal for banning plastic bags and pouches, the demand for paper bags and pouches is bound to increase manifold. There is export potential for export of paper bags & pouches. The consumption of paper boards used in packaging industry has been increasing.

PRODUCT USES & SPECIFICATIONS

Paper carry bags are used in all types of trade. Some of them are the following. - Textile Shops - Bakeries - Shoe / Chapel Shops - Grocery Shops - Fancy Shops - Book Shops - Sweet Shops - Meat / Fish Shops - Vegetable Shops - Stationery Shops - Hardware Shops - All departmental shops & consumer shops

The Bureau of Indian Standards has not prescribed any standards for paper carry bags. IS: 1060-1996 parts 1 to 3 deal with methods of sampling and testing and allied products for various tests, such as bursting strength, tensile strength etc.

A. TECHNICAL ASPECTS
PRESENT PROJECT The project proposed is to manufacture paper carry bags. With the machineries Proposed from indigenous sources about 10,000 bags of different sizes can be Manufactured per hour.

For this proposed project calculation, on a conservative basis 5000 bags per hour is Taken as capacity. The total capacity providing on single shift basis is assumed at 40000 bags. The capacity per annum is 120, 00,000 bags.

SIZES OF BAGS The maximum size bags, which can be manufactured by the machine, are the following: Paper bags : (Flat Type) Paper bags : (Sachet type) 8cm X 12cm (3.2 X 4) to 50cm X 50cm (20 X 20) 8cm X 2cm X 12cm (3.2 X 0.8 X 4.8) to 50cm X 12cm X 50cm (20 X 4.8 X 20)

Paper Carry bags : Handles :

by fixing the Bottom Board, All the above sizes (Eyeleting & tag fixing manual)

The bags may be plain style colour or double colour printed.

PLANT & MACHINERY

The machinery consists of the following: Fully Automatic Special type paper bag making unit with the following attachments & accessories. a) Single Slit Slitting unit to size the paper from big width to small width to produce small bags with 3 HP Motor b) Double Colour Flexo printing unit with attachment c) 3 HP Motor for Main drive d) 12 Nos Flat type size plates and, 12 Nos Sachet type size plates e) 48 Nos Size Gear Wheels f) 12 Nos Stereo rollers g) One bag cutting machine h) Eye letting Machine i) The total cost of the above Plant & Machinery works out to Rs. 7.00 Lakhs from Reputed indigenous manufacturer

RAW MATERIALS CALCULATION (FOR 120 LAKHS BAGS)

Art paper, woodfree paper, kraft paper; or any paper by requested

The paper bags can be manufactured from different varieties of papers ranging from 44 GSM (Grams per Square Meter) to 160 GSM with Burst Factor ranging from 2 to 30. Besides Kraft paper, Wrapper paper, Art paper, Butter paper, Wax coated paper also can be used to manufacture paper bags. The following working is related to a particular size namely 36cm X 40cm with a centre width of 120 GSM Kraft paper. Kraft Paper 120 GSM Qty.

Kraft Paper 120 GSM For Bag Size 36cm X 40cm X width 9 cm Requirement per Bag in Add : Wastage 5% gms. gms. Gms Glue Printing Ink Eyelets Cotton Tag 53 3 56 Re. Re. Re. Re.

Qty. MT

Rate

Value Rs. Lakhs

672 0.03 0.20 0.03 0.07

33000 Per Bag Per Bag Per Bag Per Bag

221.76 3.60 24.00 3.60 8.40 261.36

For 120 lakhs Bags

Raw Materials Cost per Bag

Rs. 2.18

LAND & BUILDING REQUIREMENT

A shed with a floor area of 700 sq. feet on rental basis is adequate.

UTILITIES
Electricity: Power requirement is 6 HP connected load.

Water: Water is required only for human consumption.

MANPOWER Production 1. Operators 1 2. Helpers 2 3. Packing-unskilled 2 4. Supervisor 1 5. Office Assistant 1 6. Sales Rep. 2

Rs./Month 4000 3000 3000 5000 4000 4000

Total 4000 6000 6000 5000 4000 8000 33000 6600

Add : Benefits 20% Total 39600

Annually Rs. 4.75 lakhs

IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

The machines are available from supplier within one months period. The project can be implemented within one month period.

COST & PROFITABLITY ASSUMPTIONS

1. The unit would work for 300 days on single shift basis. The installed capacity is 120 Lakhs paper bags p.a. 2. The selling price is assumed at Re.2.40 per bag.

3. Raw Materials cost is assumed at Rs. 2.18 per bag as per calculations furnished. 4. Power charges works out to Rs. 2500 per month. 5. Wages & Salaries works out to Rs.4.75 lakhs per annum. 6. Repairs & Maintenance is assumed at Rs. 3000 p.m 7. Depreciation calculated @ 15% on Plant & Machinery on WDV method. 8. Admn. Expenses is assumed at Rs. 20000 p.m. 9. Selling expenses are assumed at Rs1.08 lakhs during first year. 10. Interest on TL is provided at 12% p.a. on reducing balance. 11. Interest on WC is provided at 12% p.a. 12. Income tax is provided at 33.99% on profit.

MACHINERY SUPPLIERS 1. M/s. Yenyeskey Machine Tools, SF No. 362, Thadagam Road (Next to JM Hospital), Coimbatore-641025. Phone: (0422) 402228 / 434288. 2. M/s. Jandu Engineering Works (Regd.), R-31, Vikas Marg, Shakarpur, Delhi110092. Phone: (011) 2247671.

DEALERS / MANUFACTURERS OF KRAFT PAPERS 1. M/s. Ballarpur Industries Ltd., 2-B, 24, CNC Road, Chennai-600105. 2. M/s. Seshasayee Paper & Board Mills Ltd., Pallipalayam Cauvery PSPO, Erode. 3. M/s. Arihant Paper & Boards, 80, Vellalar Street, Chennai-600058.

4. Besant Paper House, 64(New 90), Narayana Mudali Street, Chennai-600079. 5. Several other paper dealers in Anderson Street & Bunder Street, Chennai-600001.

COST OF PROJECT Land & Building-Rental Advance Plant & Machinery Other Misc. assets Pre-op. expenses Working Capital Margin

Rs. lakhs 0.56 7.00 0.50 0.35 4.48

Total
MEANS OF FINANCE Capital Term Loan

12.89

7.64 5.25

Total

12.89

COST OF PRODUCTION & PROFITABLITY STATEMENT

Year
Installed Capacity (No. of bags-in lakhs) Utilization (%) Production/Sales-lakh bags. Selling Rate Sales Value (Rs. lakhs) Raw Materials Power Wages & Salaries Repairs & Maintenance Depreciation Cost of Production Administration & Gen. Expenses Selling Exp. Interest in Term Loan Interest on Working Capital Total Profit Before Tax Provision for Taxes Profit After Tax 172.80 156.82 0.30 4.75 0.36 1.18 163.41 2.40 1.08 0.48 0.93 168.30 4.50 1.53 2.97

1
120.00 60% 72.00

2
120.00 70% 84.00

3
120.00 80% 96.00

Re. 2.40 per bag 201.60 182.95 0.35 4.99 0.38 0.89 189.55 2.52 1.26 0.36 0.93 194.62 6.98 2.37 4.61 230.40 209.09 0.40 5.24 0.40 0.66 215.78 2.65 1.44 0.27 0.93 221.07 9.33 3.17 6.16

ASSESSMENT OF WORKING CAPITAL

Requirement % Margin Amount Bank Finance

Raw Marerials 1/2 month Finished Goods 1/4 month Debtors 1/2 month Expenses 1 month

6.53 3.40 7.20 0.20 17.34

25% 25% 25% 100%

1.63 0.85 1.80 0.20 4.48

4.90 2.55 5.40 0.00 12.85

Say Rs. 12.85

CALCULATION OF BREAK EVEN LEVEL

SALES @ 80% LESS: VARIABLE EXPENSES Raw Materials Power Selling Exp. Interest on Working Capital 209.09 0.40 1.44 1.54 230.40

212.47
CONTRIBUTION

17.93

FIXED EXPENSES
Wages & Salaries Repairs & Maintenance Depreciation Admn. & General Exp. Interest in Term Loan 5.24 0.40 0.66 2.65 0.27

9.21
PROFIT BREAK-EVEN LEVEL CASH BREAK EVEN LEVEL 8.72 41% 38%

PROFITABILITY RATIOS BASED ON 80%

Profit Before tax Sales Profit before Interest & Tax Total Investment Profit after Tax Promoters Capital 8.72 4% 230.40 10.53 41% 25.70 5.76 75% 7.64

Paper manufacture
Industries in the Paper Manufacturing subsector make pulp, paper, or converted paper products. The manufacturing of these products is grouped together because they constitute a series of vertically connected processes. More than one is often carried out in a single establishment. There are essentially three activities. The manufacturing of pulp involves separating the cellulose fibers from other impurities in wood or used paper. The manufacturing of paper involves matting these fibers into a sheet. A converted paper product is made from paper and other materials by various cutting and shaping techniques and includes coating and laminating activities. The Paper Manufacturing subsector is subdivided into two industry groups, the first for the manufacturing of pulp and paper and the second for the manufacturing of converted paper products. Paper making is treated as the core activity of the subsector. Therefore, any establishment that makes paper (including paperboard), either alone or in combination with pulp manufacturing or paper converting, is classified as a paper or paperboard mill. Establishments that make pulp without making paper are classified as pulp mills. Pulp mills, paper mills and paperboard mills comprise the first industry group. Establishments that make products from purchased paper and other materials make up the second industry group, Converted Paper Product Manufacturing. This general activity is then subdivided based, for the

most part, on process distinctions. Paperboard container manufacturing uses corrugating, cutting, and shaping machinery to form paperboard into containers. Paper bag and coated and treated paper manufacturing establishments cut and coat paper and foil. Stationery product manufacturing establishments make a variety of paper products used for writing, filing, and similar applications. Other converted paper product manufacturing includes, in particular, the conversion of sanitary paper stock into such things as tissue paper and disposable diapers. An important process used in the Paper Bag and Coated and Treated Paper Manufacturing industry is lamination, often combined with coating. Lamination and coating makes a composite material with improved properties of strength, impermeability, and so on Equipment
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
The whole process involved in the manufacture of paper bags is automatic, starting with printing and ending with stacking up of finished bags. The paper roll is initially cut into proper width and they are fed into the printing unit first. After the printing is done the roll goes into the bag making section where it is folded, pasted, sheared and stacked. The bags will be plain bags or sachetted bags with folds in the middle.

machinery We have acquired latest machinery that is Semi- Automatic, senior model having the capacity of processing of 6000 bags per Hour with center pasting. The machinery is capable of supporting 4 color printing . As part of our motto we use only water colors for the printing of customers logs, messages and any other printing requirements .

1.Regular Shopping bags: Can be used to carry any dry items weighing 0.5 KG to 7 KGs-Comes in different sizes to carry for regular shopping needs.

2. Gifts bags: Comes in with various colors and designs to gift pack and extremely useful and stylish to use of return gifting.

3. Customized Bags: A combination of 40 different shades, using mechanized production resulting in 5280 variables apart from customized solutions. The potential to bring out any size variable with manual Production is immense and the option of printing your Corporate logos/messages.

4. Special Occasion bags: These come in various shades and sizes to suit the needs of any special occasion gifting like marriages, Birth days, wedding anniversaries and any other occasion with an option to print the name of the occasion along with any other message customers may wish.

Average household savings from switching to reusable paper Bags There is significant potential to reduce life cycle environmental impacts of plastic bag usage in the form of resource consumption, greenhouse gas, energy, water and litter. By taking reusable non-woven polypropylene Paper bags when going shopping and refusing lightweight, single use HDPE shopping bags, the average Australia household would make a significant difference to the reducing the impact of climate change and conserving our energy and water resources.

RENEWABLE

Paper bags are made from a renewable resourcetreesthat help reduce greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Forests and forest products offset 10 percent of annual US carbon dioxide emissions. Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI) participants alone plant 1.7 million trees each day in North America. Two-thirds of the power used to make paper comes from carbon-neutral, renewable sources. The fossil fuelnatural gasfrom which plastic bags are made, and the fossil fuels burned to power the manufacture of plastic bagsboth lead to a net increase of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.

RECYCLABLE

The recovery rate for paper bags is four times greater than plastics. Paper bags and sacks' recovery rate is 37.6 percent, which helps keep them out of landfills and extends the fiber supply according to the EPA. Plastic bags recovery rate is nearly 10 percent. Plastic bags are the leading cause of ocean litter and are a major threat to marine animals. Every ton of paper that is recovered for recycling saves 3.3 cubic yards of landfill space. More than 58 percent of the U.S. population has access to recycling Kraft paper bags. In 2008, 87 percent of the U.S. population had access to paper and paperboard community recycling programs. In 2009, 63.4 percent of the paper used in the U.S. was recovered for recycling.
COMPOSTABLE

Paper bags decompose, while, depending on conditions, plastic bags may take thousands of years to decompose, during which time they present litter problems and are a threat to wildlife, especially marine life. Paper bags are ideal as a container to hold compostable waste. Paper bags are readily compostable, as evidenced by its use throughout the country in municipal leaf mulching programs.

Under perfect conditions a plastic bag may take a thousand years to biodegrade, and in a landfill, plastic bags decompose even slower. If buried, they block the natural flow of oxygen and water through the soil. If burned, they release dangerous toxins and carcinogens into the air.

ENERGY EFFICIENT

Paper bags help reduce greenhouse gases in the atmosphere by requiring less energy to produce. When comparing a 3:1 ratio of plastic to paper bag, the plastic bag requires 33 percent more fossil fuel energy through the full life cycle. On the average, two-thirds of the energy to make paper is carbonneutral or renewable. When biomass such as wood is combusted for energy, it releases back into the atmosphere carbon dioxide that it had absorbed from the atmosphere during growth. When harvested biomass is replanted, the cycle repeats. In contrast, combustion of fossil fuel is not carbon neutral. In the U.S., carbon sequestered by forests and products each year is enough to offset approximately 10 percent of U.S. carbon dioxide emissions that's the equivalent of removing 108 million cars from U.S. roads each year, according to the EPA

Objectives
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
We aim to plant equal number of trees that had been cut for making paper Though we are in the business of making eco-friendly bags, we carry a huge social responsibility. Our primary agenda is to stop customers from using plastic bags rather than making them buys our own paper bags (if they carry their own shopping bags we are the happiest). We are planning a large scale plantation of bamboo trees so that our environment is saved and also the number of trees that had been cut for paper bag making is equalized by planting new ones. How much paper bag manufacture beneficial for paper Bag Company? T o k n o w d e ma n d o f p a p e r b a g mo s t l y i n u r b a n a r e a . How manufacturing of paper bag is very profitable for business. To find how the services provided by paper Bag Company are better and cheaper to their competitors.

Objective of the study

The purpose of this study is two-fold: 1. To provide a high-level understanding of the environmental impacts of different kinds of bags, and identify the types and magnitudes of environmental impacts associated with each kind of bag through a literature review of four publicly available life cycle assessment (LCA) studies. To better understand how the environmental impacts of retail shopping bags can be reduced, including through means other than (or in addition to) choice of bag type, such as change in consumer behavior.

Paper bags are fast replacing the ubiquitous plastic bags. Though paper bags are cheap and very convenient to use, they are a grave threat to the environment for this reason government of India and several other countries are imposing a strict ban on the use of plastic bags. In such a scenario, there is an increased demand for eco-friendly paper bags. to make attractive paper bags which are convenient to use and also help users make a definite style statement. Some handmade paper bags are so attractive that people buy them to carry gifts and sometime even present the bag as a gift. Today, handmade paper bags come with sturdy cords so that they can easily be used to carry even heavier stuff. In addition, craftsmen are making use of various types of color papers such as floral paper, leather paper, silk paper and mottled paper to make these look extremely stylish. Handmade paper bags come in various shapes and sizes so you can always buy one that suits you or you can choose to keep a collection for various needs.

VISION GOAL
End the use of wood fiber that threatens endangered forests and other High conservation value ecosystems. End the clearing of natural ecosystems and their conversion into plantations for paper fiber. Source any remaining virgin wood fibers for paper from independent, Third-party certified forestry operations that employ the most environmentally and socially responsible forest management and restoration practices. Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is currently the only international certification program that comes close to meeting this goal. Eliminate widespread use of pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers in plantations and fiber production. Stop the introduction of paper fiber from genetically modified organisms, particularly transgenic trees and plants with genes inserted from other species of animals and plants. Use alternative crops for paper if comprehensive and credible analysis indicates that they are environmentally and socially preferable to other virgin fiber sources.

MISSION
Ensure higher profitability than industry average year on year for continuous growth. Create working environment for freedom of thought and innovation. Hire and cultivate the best people and provide work condition that energise. Find solution for customer and add value to their process, Create a dedicated customer base. Work as partners with vendors. Ensure integrity and processes provide them with ease in dealing with us. Provide optimum ROI to our stakeholder and ensure continos support. Invest time, effort and resources to improve the environment continuously ensure clean and green surrounding for the future generations. Develop the community around us by encouraging entrepreneurship. Spread the goodwill of our nation around the world.

Research methodology
The Plastic Bag VS Paper Bag Facts
Use-Less-Stuff(ULS) has issued a report comparing plastic and paper grocery bags. ULS made the following Steps: 1. Plastic bags generate 39% less greenhouse gas emissions than uncomposted paper bags, and 68% less greenhouse gas emissions than composted paper bags. The plastic bags generate 4,645 tons of CO2 equivalents per 150 million bags; while uncomposted paper bags generate 7,621 tons, and composted paper bags generate 14,558 tons, per 100 million bags produced. 2. Plastic bags consume less than 6% of the water needed to make paper bags. It takes 1004 gallons of water to produce 1000 paper bags and 58 gallons of water to produce 1500 plastic bags. 3. Plastic grocery bags consume 71% less energy during production than paper bags. Significantly, even though traditional disposable plastic bags are produced from fossil fuels, the total non-renewable energy consumed during their lifecycle is up to 36% less than the non-renewable energy consumed during the lifecycle of paper bags and up to 64% less than that consumed by biodegradable plastic bags. 4. Using paper sacks generates almost five times more solid waste than using plastic bags. 5. After four or more uses, reusable plastic bags are superior to all types of disposable bags -- paper, polyethylene and compostable plastic -across all significant environmental indicators.

Present research work

Illustrates the whole structure of this research work. A huge amount of data is required in each phase of a product to perform Life Cycle Assessment. LCA covers different aspects of a product from its manufacturing state to its disposal state. Data in terms of the quantity of raw materials required, energy needs, and amount of pollutants and wastes emitted, etc. are needed in each phase of a product to study the complete life cycle of a product. As depicted in the data related to manufacturing, transportation and distribution phases can be obtained from the group of manufacturers through direct observation of manufacturing process or data collection through surveys or by interviewing the responsible staff or by secondary data from previous studies/ literature. But when it comes to the usage and disposal phases, the data should come from the actual users as human and policy dimensions play a crucial role here. Understanding of human and policy dimensions, which decide the use and end-of-life scenarios of different types of shopping bags, is essential to understand the ecoimpact made by them. This research study utilized this survey as a means to decipher them, which is discussed in detail here.

Vision of the survey As stated earlier, the aims of the survey lies in comprehending the usage and disposal behaviors of different types of shopping bags under discussion amongst different user groups. Usage and disposal behaviors are defined as how many times people reuse different shopping bags, what percentage of shopping bags can be recycled/ sent to landfill with the existing possibilities of recycling in their own country and what percentage of shopping bags people perceive can be reused/recycled/sent to landfill. Also this survey intends to comprehend the existing recycling options provided by the government and the willingness of people to support the governments policies further to improve the possibilities of recycling. This article reports the survey responses from different user groups of China, Hong Kong and India. Respondents of research questionnaire survey This survey was accomplished among students, home makers, employed professionals in various fields of different age groups, who are users of shopping bags and also have knowledge about their usage and disposal behavior in the countries under discussion. This survey was mainly aimed at understanding the consumers perception of reuse, recycle and disposal to landfill, recycling possibilities with the existing government provisions/policies for recycling, willingness to support recycling systems/policies to reduce the percentage of landfill and so on. Convenience sampling method was chosen for this study and the survey was answered by 100 respondents from China and 125 respondents from India and Hong Kong. Respondents were contacted by electronic means and also in person. This survey had 9 questions pertaining to the usage and disposal of shopping bags and 4 questions pertaining to the personal particulars of respondents (refer Appendix).

Demographic Profiles of Respondents of Survey Personal particulars of the respondents from the three countries chosen for this study are shown in the following illustrates the age of respondents of survey, from which it can be understood that the majority of the respondents fall in the age group of 21-30 years in all the three countries under discussion. The gender of respondents can be found from, where it can be seen that the majority of the respondents are females in Usage and Disposal behavior of Shopping Bags There are three major aspects in this investigation. They are: Reusability Recyclability Disposal to Landfill 1 Reusability

The concept of reusability can be defined in two ways. One usual way is reuse of the product as a different one instead of discarding it into waste. For example, used non-woven bags can be reused as liners/ supportive covers in dust bins. The second way of defining reusability, which is usage of the particular product for the same purpose for which it is originally intended till it reaches its end of life or discarding stage i.e. simply use the same product many times. Basically this is imperative since it postpones the stage of discarding and it delays the start of a new product while the first one is still in the stage of being used. The first one also holds good as far as dumping in landfill sites in the early stages is concerned. Even then, the second category deserves considerable\ appreciation since it is linked to the economy of an individual, along with the benefits already discussed. Therefore, it is the responsibility of manufacturers to employ suitable raw materials and manufacturing technology for a shopping bag to be reused many times, and it the responsibility of users to reuse the bag many times till it can be discarded.

Recyclability
This refers to the conversion of discarded ones after use into new products. This process involves breaking down the old items and

producing the new products. This helps in the diminution of wastage of materials which has the potential to be used again and to trim the consumption of fresh raw materials and other associated benefits of reduced cost, energy, pollution, etc. Here the government is accountable for providing policies/provisions which enable people to be motivated to opt for recycling of products rather than directly disposing them to landfill. However no one can deny the fact that in spite of governmental policies, public participation also matters greatly in augmenting the proportion of recycling.
Disposal to Landfill

A landfill site is the final destination of all products once they can no longer be used. It is a place for the disposal of waste/garbage by interment. This is the origination of many problems pertaining to ecological problems like pollution of water and air, etc. A major proportion of aspiration of eco- friendliness lies in the prevention of early entry of any product into landfill till it becomes completely useless..

findings

Reusable bags have lower environmental impacts than all of the single use bags A substantial shift to more durable bags would deliver environmental gains through reductions in greenhouse gases, energy and water use, resource depletion and litter. The reusable, non-woven plastic (polypropylene) PAPER Bag was found to achieve the greatest environmental benefits The shift from one single use bag to another single use bag may improve one environmental outcome, but be offset by another environmental impact. As a result, no single use bag produced an overall environmental benefit. Recycled content in bags generally led to lowering the overall environmental impact of bags The end of life destination is crucial, with greater environmental savings achieved from recycling all bags at the end of their useful life.

Suggestion and Recommendation

As against plastic bags which cause serious damage to our soil and overall environment because of their indestructible nature, paper bags are biodegradable and hence friendly to our environment. Moreover, while plastic bags are made out of petroleum a limited resource, eco friendly paper bags are made out of trees a renewable resource. Besides, once paper is made, it can be recycled to create more paper goods. So when you use paper bags you are using a recyclable product and are not putting your environment in danger. This is why Government and environmental organizations are increasingly urging people to replace the use of plastic bags with eco-friendly paper bags.

Recommendation
A more specific marketing strategy of services needs to be developed and followed up on a continuous basis. This will enable the Centre to provide relevant information to manufacturers and exporters on market trends. The research and development should continue with special emphasis on alternative raw materials and acid free papers. Attention should be given to fibre preparation with respect to ecology. The equipment purchases of knotter, vibrating screen (Johnson type), computer with internet access, pump, drier and photocopier as requested in the workplan is recommended to complete and enhance laboratory information work. The Centre should offer certification service for handmade papers to assure customers and manufacturers of quality. This is of particular importance for acidfree and conservation papers. In this connection, the Centre should consult the Indian Bureau of Standards.

Conclusions
The result of the present study indicated that most of the Respondents, regardless of their demographic Background, are (1) in favor of banning of production, Distribution and use of these plastic products, and (2) Aware of the adverse effects of plastic bag wastes on Environment, animal and human health. However, plastic Bags are still widely used by the community more than any other plastic products mainly due to their cheapness. The survey results and field observations indicated that the city was seriously polluted by plastic wastes particularly plastic bags wastes. By and large, it can be Recommended that various campaigns need to be organized in order to mobilize the public and other stakeholders (Government agencies, business associations, retailers, research institutions, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), youth associations, women associations, religious institutions, donors

Swot analysis

Strengths

Abundant and cheap labour hence can compete on price Low capital investment and high ratio of value addition Aesthetic and functional qualities Wrapped in mist of antiquity Hand made and hence has few competitors Variety of products which are unique Exporters willing to handle small orders Increasing emphasis on product development and design upgradation

Opportunities

Rising appreciation for handicrafts by consumers in the developed countries Widespread novelty seeking Large discretionary income at disposal of consumer from developed countries Growth in search made by retail chains in major importing countries for suitable products and reliable suppliers. Opportune for agencies to promote marketing activities Use of e-commerce in direct marketing

Weaknesses

Inconsistent quality Inadequate market study and marketing strategy Lack of adequate infrastructure and communication facilities Capacity to handle limited orders Untimely delivery schedule Unawareness of international standards by many players in the

market

Threats
Decline in Indias share due to:

Better quality products produced by competitors from Europe, South Africa, South Asia, etc. Better terms of trade by competing countries Consistent quality and increasing focus on R&D by competing countries Better packaging Stricter international standards

Bibliography

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