Professional Documents
Culture Documents
outlines
Introduction Geometric Similarity &
- Low viscosity
Introduction
Important factor in design of agitated vessel power
required to drive the impeller Empirical correlation have been developed to predict the power required Due to different flow pattern & mixing mechanisms involved, power consumption is considered separately low & high viscosity.
from
geometrical, kinematic, and dynamic similarity and identical boundary conditions must be maintained.
DT Z A WB W H ; ; ; ; D D D D D
DT Z W H 2; A 1; B 0.2; 2 D D D D
Example
A solution of sodium hydroxide of density 1650 kg/m3 and viscosity 50 mN s/m2 is agitated by a propeller mixer of 0.5 m diameter in a tank of 2.28 m diameter, and the liquid depth is 2.28 m. The propeller is situated 0.5 m above the bottom of the tank. Determine the geometric similarity of the particular tank.
different sizes if all counterpart length dimensions have a constant ratio. Thus the following ratios must be the same in two systems: DT Z A WB W H and so on. ; ; ; ;
D D D
when the velocities at corresponding points have a constant ratio. Also, the paths of fluid motion (flow patterns) must be alike.
Dynamic similarity occurs in two geometrically similar units of
different sizes if all corresponding forces at counterpart locations have a constant ratio.
the design of stirred vessels. Due to different flow patterns and mixing mechanisms involved, it is convenient to consider the power consumption in low and high viscosity systems separately. LOW VISCOSITY SYSTEMS Vertical cylindrical tank H/D = 1.5 2.0 Fitted with an agitator Diameter of propeller = 1/3 of tank diameter Rotational speed at 10 25 Hz
P N p N D
3
Where; P = power (J/s or W) Np = power number = density (kg/m3) N = rotational speed (rev/s) Da = diameter of agitator ( m)
5 a
N p f (Re, Fr )
Where: Reynold number (Re) = NDa2/ Froude Number (Fr) = N2Da/g Note: Fr is neglected if Re < 300
Depend upon type of impeller/vessel design,
thus; Np = K Reb
if Re< 10, b = -1 ( inverse of Re value) Np = K Re-1 thus; P = KN2D3 Highly Re Number, P= KN3D5 K depends on the type impeller/vessel arrangement and fitted baffles.
if Re < 300, region Fr has no significant effect on Np thus; Np = K Reb if Re< 10, b = -1 ( inverse of Re value) Np = K Re-1 thus; P = KN2D3
Example 7.1
On the assumption that the power required for mixing in a stirred tank is a function of the variables given in equation 7.12, obtain the dimensionless groups which are important in calculating power requirements for geometrically similar arrangements.
P f ( , , N , g , Da , DT )
Example 7.2
A solution of sodium hydroxide of density 1650
kg/m3 and viscosity 50 mN s/m2 is agitated by a propeller mixer of 0.5 m diameter in a tank of 2.28 m diameter, and the liquid depth is 2.28 m. The propeller is situated 0.5 m above the bottom of the tank. What is the power which the propeller must impart to the liquid for a rotational speed of 2 Hz?
vessel walls Interest in processing industries exhibit non-Newtonian behaviour & Newtonian fluids (glycerol & lubricating oils)
ang ks N
2. Constant power per unit volume - Immiscible liquids - Emulsions - Pastes - Gas liquid systems
Example 7.3
A reaction is to be carried out in an agitated vessel.
Pilot scale tests have been carried out under fully turbulent conditions in a tank 0.6 m in diameter, fitted with baffles and provided with a flat-bladed turbine, and it has been found that satisfactory mixing is obtained at a rotor speed of 4 Hz when the power consumption is 0.15 kW and the Reynolds number 160,000. What should be the rotor speed in order to achieve the same degree of mixing if the linear scale of the equipment if increased by a factor of 6 and what will be the Reynolds number and the power consumption?