Math 300 Homework 8 Graded Problems

5.1 Q6 Problem.

Let f and g be functions from R to R dened by the following formulas: f (x) = 1 , x2 + 2 g (x) = 2x 1.

Find formulas for (f g )(x) and (g f )(x). Solution (f g )(x) = f (g (x)) = f (2x 1) = (g f )(x) = g (f (x)) = g 1 x2 + 2

1 1 = 2 . 2 (2x 1) + 2 4x 4x + 3 =2 1 x 2 1 = . x2 + 2 x2 + 2

Comment. Good performance in general. Just remember: whenever you see the word nd, it means nd with proof, so you have to provide the reasons. 5.1 Q14 Problem. Suppose A is a nonempty set and f : A A.

a. Suppose f is a constant function, i.e. there is some a A s.t. x A(f (x) = a). Prove that for all g : A A, f g = f . Solution Let x A and g : A A. Then g (x) A. By denition of f , (f g )(x) = f (g (x)) = a = f (x).

b. Suppose that for all g : A A, f g = f . Prove that f is a constant function. Solution Suppose a A, and dene g : A A by g (x) = a for all x A. Suppose x A. Then f (x) = (f g )(x) = f (g (x)) = f (a), which is a constant in A. Therefore, f is a constant function.

Comment. To show that two functions f, g : A B are equal, we simply have to show that for any a A, we have f (a) = g (a). 5.2 Q8 Problem. Suppose f : A B and g : B C .

a. Prove that if g f is onto then g is onto. Solution (I will use the word surjective to mean onto.) Suppose g f : A C is surjective, and let z C . Since g f is surjective, there is an x A s.t. (g f )(x) = z . Thus, z = g (f (x)), and f (x) B . Therefore, g is surjective.

b. Prove that if g f is one-to-one then f is one-to-one. Solution (I will use the word injective to mean one-to-one.) Suppose g f : A C is injective, and let x, y A s.t. f (x) = f (y ). Then (g f )(x) = g (f (x)) = g (f (y )) = (g f )(y ). Since g f is injective, x = y . Therefore, f is injective.

Comment. here. 5.3 Q3 Problem.

Good performance. Be sure to read the questions clearly. Dont mix up the variables, like f, g

Let f : R R be dened by the formula f (x) = 2x + 5 . 3

Show that f is one-to-one and onto, and nd a formula for f 1 (x). Solution Dene g : RtoR by 3x 5 . g ( x) = 2 Then 5 2 3x2 +5 3x 5 3x 5 + 5 (f g )(x) = f = = = x = iR , 2 3 3 (g f )(x) = g 2x + 5 3 = 3
2x+5 3

2
1

2x + 5 5 = x = iR . 2

Therefore, f is both injective and surjective, and f Comment. Well done!

= g.