Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India MINOR TEST-I

[1] Draw symbols and I-V curves of diode, TRIAC, SCR, IGBT, MOSFET, MCT, SIT, SITH, GTO, and BJT. [10]

Diode

SCR

TRIAC

BJT

MOSFET

IGBT

GTO

MCT

[2] Draw circuits of A, B, C, D, and E types DC choppers. [10]

Class A

Class B

Class C

Class D

Class E [3] Draw circuits and state the relation in the input and output voltages of buck, boost, buck-boost, Cuk, and SEPIC nonisolated DC-DC converters. [10]

Buck: Vo= DVin

Buck: Vo= 1/(1-D) Vin

Buck-Boost: Vo= D/(1-D)Vin

Cuk : Vo= D/(1-D)Vin

SEPIC: Vo= D/(1-D)Vin [4] A Darlington pair has an effective beta of 200.The driver BJT has a beta of 15.What is beta of the main BJT? [10]

Sol: Given: = 200, 1= 15, 2 =? Now, = 1 + 2 + 1. 2 200 = 15 + 2 + 15.2 Therefore, 2 = 11.56

[5] A thyristor is triggered by a pulse of train of 30 kHz. The duty ratio of the pulse train is 0.45. If allowable average gate power is 5 W, calculate the maximum allowable gate drive power. [10]

Sol. Instantaneous voltage * instantaneous current < Pgmax Pg(av) / f.ton < Pgmax Pg(av)/ < Pgm 5/0.45 < Pgmax 11.11W Pgmax
[6] A step-down dc chopper feeds power to an RLE load with R=1 ohm, L=5 mH, E=75 V. If this chopper is operating at a chopping frequency of 10 kHz and with a duty cycle of 60% from a

220 V dc source, calculate the maximum, minimum and average currents taken by the load and switch average current. [20]

Sol. D = 0.6, fs= 10 kHz, Vin = 220V Vo= DVin = 0.6*220= 132V Ta = L / Ra = 5 10 -3/1 = 5msec Ton= D/fs = 0.6/10000= 0.06msec T= 1/fs = 0.1msec Imin = (Vs/R) [(eTon/Ta - 1) / (eT/Ta - 1)]E/R = (220/1) [(e0.06/5 - 1) / (e0.1/5 - 1)] -75/1 = 56.47A Imax = (Vs/R) [(1 - eTon/ Ta) / (1- e T/Ta)]-E/R = (220/1) [(1 - e 0.06/5) / (1- e 0.1/5)] = 57.53A Iav = (Imax+Imin)/2= (56.47+57.53)/2= 57A Isav = DIo = 0.6*57= 34.2A
[7] In a battery-operated car, the battery voltage is 240 V. It employs a dc motor with armature resistance of 1.0 ohm through a step up dc chopper. During regenerative braking, when the car is moving downhill at some speed with its back-emf is 160 V and its braking motor current is 20A. Calculate (a) the duty ratio, (b) the value of peak, and average current in the battery. [20]

Sol. For step up chopper, Vo=Vin / (1-D) Here, Vo= 240V, Ea = 160V, Ia = 20A, Ra= 1.0 Voltage appearing after voltage drop across resistor = Ea-Ia*Ra= 160-20*1 =140V (a) Voltage boosting from 140V to 240V, Vo=Vin/(1-D) => D=1-Vin/Vo => D=0.4166 (b) Output average current= Pin/Vo = Ea*Ia Ia2*R= (160*20- 202*1)/240 = 11.667A Diode current average Idav = 11.667A Diode Peak current IDpk = Idav/(1-D)= 11.667/(1-0.4166) = 19.99A
[8] In a buck dc-dc converter, Vin=220 V, Vo=120 V, L=500 H, Io=10A and fs=50 kHz. Calculate (a) output capacitance value if Vo (peak-peak) is permitted 1% of output voltage. (b) Also, calculate the value inductance for boundary condition between CCM and DCM. [20]

Sol. D= Vo/Vin = 120/220 = 0.5454 (a) C= (1-D)Vo/(Vo8Lf2) = (1-0.5454)*120/(0.01*120*8*500*10-6*(50000)2) = 4.54F RL= Vo/Io= 120/10 = 12 (b) Lc= RL(1-D)/(2*fs) = 12*(1-0.5454)/(2*50000)= 54H
[9] A 24 V-dc source is used to charge a 48V-battery. Use a dc-dc boost converter in CCM operation at a switching frequency of 100 kHz. Find the inductor L that will give the peak-peak current ripple of less than 250 mA in a 25 A load current rating of the fuse that should be included on the source side. Also, calculate the value inductance for boundary condition between CCM and DCM. [20] Sol. Vin= 24V, Vo= 48V

Vo=Vin/(1-D) => D=1-Vin/Vo => 1-24/48 = 0.5

Li= VOD(1 D)/ fsILi = 48*0.5(1-0.5)/(100*1000*250*10-3)= 480H R= Vo/Io = 48/25 = 1.92 Lmin=D(1-D)2R/(2f) = 0.5*(1-0.5)2*1.92/(2*100*1000) = 1.2H [10] In a buck-boost converter Vd=24V, Vo=12 V, L=250 H, Io=5 A and fs=50 kHz. Calculate output capacitance value if Vo (peak-peak) is permitted 1% of output voltage. Also, calculate the value inductance for boundary condition between CCM and DCM. [20]

Sol. For buck-boost converter, D= Vo/(Vin+Vo)= 12/(24+12)=0.333 R = Vo/Io = 12/5 = 2.4 (a) C= VoD/fsRVo= 24*0.333/(50*1000*2.4x0.01*24) =277.5F
(b) Lmin=(1-D)2R/(2f) = (1-0.333)2*2.4/(2*50*1000) = 10.67H