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Instructions to candidates:
There are fifty questions in this paper. For each question, Jour suggested answers are
given. Choose one correct answer and indicate it on the multi-choice answer sheet
provided.
A Hi gh Hi gh High
B Low Low High
C Hi gh High Low
D Low High Low
OH
Which of the foll owin g pol ymers can be formed from the condensation of the
mol ec ul e shown in the diagram above?
Glycogen
II Amylose
111 Amylopectin
IV Starch
A II and III
B I, II and III
C II , III and IV
D J, 11, III and IV
A 40000 X
B 12000 X
C 4400 X
D 4000 X
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Structure Function
An ex tens ive network of tubes; each tube is
A Lipid synthesis
bound by a single menlbrane . .
A stack of elongated, curved sacs; each sac is
B Photosynthesis
bound by a single membrane.
C A spheri ca l sac bound by a single membrane. Protein synthesis
A sac bound by two membranes, the inner is
D Packaging of proteins
hi ghl y folcled.
s. The graph below shows th e rate of reaction with and without an inhibitor.
Rate of
reaction
Concentration of substrate
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6. The table below shows amin o acid s and th eir base sequ ence on the mRNA codon.
What is the base sequ ence on pnrt of a DNA strand, which wo uld code for the tripeptid e
va line-m eth ion ine-gl yc in e?
7. Di agram below shows th e electron pathwny in cyc lic and non-cyc lic photophosphorylation during
the li ght reacti on stage in ph otosynth es is.
ferrodoxin
quinone II ~ i ;.,.
energy
\ 8\1 y . X ~DP' -+NADPH
leve l 1
2e --
~
e- Z
\
2e - /
2H I + 2e -- TImOlepcule
II "\/"-" O 2 released
(PS 1\
",---;J
~~0 +-------------~
Which of the followin g statements are tru e for electron pathway in the above diagram?
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8. The grap h belo'w shows th e relati onship between the rate of photosynthesis with environmental
fa ctor X.
rate of photosynthesis
(arbitrary unit)
Factor X
I Light intensity
II Oxygen concentrati on
III Temperature
IV Carbon dioxid e co ncentrat ion
A I and IV onl y
B II and III onl y
C " and IV onl y
D I, III and IV on ly
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CONFIDENTIAL* 6
Krebs
cycle
GTP
AD~GDP
ATP
What is process X?
A Chemiosmosis C Photophosphorylation
B Oxidative Phosphorylation D Substrate level phosphorylation
Afucor
II RhizopZls
III Taenia
IV Amoeba
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13. Whi ch of the fo ll ow ing exp bins why myog lobin IS foun ci III large amounts III th e mu sc les of
bird s?
A Myog lob in ca n ') Ll ppl )' thc encrgy needed for nyin g
B Myog lob in can supp ly oxyge n to th e Illll scul ar ti ss ues when birds fl y in areas w ith low
parti al pressure of oxyge n.
e When compared to hae mog lob in , myoglobin has hi gher affinit y toward s oxyge n ane! can better
retain oxyge n in acti ve mu sc les .
D Myog lobin has a sma ll er Ill olecul ar size cO ~ ~l p!"e d to h3emcglob in .
15 . Whi ch of the foll owin g in creases the rate of im pul se released from sin oatri al node?
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CONF ID ENT IA L* 8
Pure water
~.
Semipermeable membrane
If A is fill ed with conce ntrated sucrose so lution, while B is fill ed \vith dilute sucrose so lution ,
which of tile foll ow ing statements are true?
17. What is tile function of ad renalin e in th e negative feedback mechanism ifbody temperature of
endotherms decreases?
I produces bile sa lt
II performs gluconeogenesis
III performs deto xi fi cati on
IV produ ces a hi gh amount of heat
A III and IV
B I, III and IV
C II , III and IV
D I, II, III and IV
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CON FIDENTIAL * 9
19. Which of the foll owin g are th e charac teri sti cs of an impul se?
A L II and !II
B I, IlandlV
C I, III and IV
D I, II , III and IV
21. The follovvings are the events th at occur in th e act ion of a steroid based hormone .
A I, II , Ill, IV
B I, Ill , II , IV
CII , III , I, [V
)) II , [, [II , IV
22 . Ifplant X is a short da y pl ant with a critical da y length of8 1/2 hours, in which of th ese conditions
will pl ant X not flow er'?
A I and II
B III and IV
C I, II and IV
D II , III and IV
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CONF IDENTIAL* 10
23. Which of the followings are invol ved in ce ll-m ed iated response of the il11rnun e system?
A I and IV
B II and 11I
C I and 11I
D II and IV
A diploid structure
B haploid structure
C dioecious structure
D ov iparous stru cture
ov iduct
II vIvIparous
III internal fertilisation
IV hermaphrod ites
A II and III
B I and III
C III and IV
D II and IV
27. In an amniotic egg of a bird, the rese rvo ir fo r waste and th e part th at provides for gas
diffu sion is the
A chorion
B yo lk
C amnIon
o allc1lltois
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CONfIDENTIAU' II
28.
Th e above statement refers to whi ch stage of embryo lli c deve lop ment?
A Blastomere
B Cleavage
C Gastrul ation
D Organogenesi s
29. The hormone that plays an imp ortant role in seed germ inati on and ea rl y seeelin g
growth is
A auxll1
B gibberelin
C cytok inin
D absc isic acid
30. The tab le below shows four patterns of gro wth curves and their exampl es.
-
(a) (b) (c) (d)
!
A (i) (i ii) (iv) (ii)
B (ii) (ii i) (i\') (i)
C (i ii) (i) (i i) (iv)
D (iii) (i) (iv) (i i)
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CONF ID ENTIA L * 12
3 1. Which of the fol low in g state ments me tru e ilbout neurosec reti on secreted by th e neurosecretory
ce ll in in sects?
32. In pea plants, red flovvers (R) are dominant to white fl owers (r) and ta ll (T) to shOl1 (t). The tabl e
shows th e gametes and poss ibl e offspr in gs of a dih ybrid cross . The numbers 1- 16 represent the
genotypes of each ind ividu aJ.
RT Rt rT I't
RT I 2 3 4
Rt 5 6 7 8
rT 9 iO II 12
rt 13 14 15 16
If plants 4 and 13 are crossed , what propo rtion of th eir offsprin g \;vi ll show at least one recessive
trait?
33. The colour of onion s is controlled by two pairs of all eles Ss and Rr, whi ch segregate
independently. The all ele S is dOlnin ant anci 1l1ust be present to all ow developm ent of pigment in
the sk in . In its absence, the on ion is wh ite. All ele R is dDmin ant ond gives a red co lour, the
recessive r gives a ye ll ow co lou i-. Y\ hat wi ll be th e rat io of phe notypes in th e offsprin g o f a cross
between plants of genotypes SSR,R and ss r!"!
34. Which of the following statement's are not tru e abo ut mutation s?
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CONF ID ENTIAL* 13
A when th e deleted DNA segment beco mes rea ttac hed in an in ve rt ed position.
B when the chromClsome brea ks and a segment of it is lost
C when a segment of a chromoso me co ntainin g a sequ ence of lltl cleoticles is repeated.
D when the chromosome segment becomes deleted an d rejoins at a different pos iti on on th e
same chromoso me or another non-h omol ogo us chromosome.
I th ere is migration
II there is natural selection.
III mutation s occur.
IV th ere is non-random matin g.
V there is a large population .
A I, II , III and IV
B I, II , III and V
C I, Ill , IV and V
D II , III , IV and V
37. The maintenance of the allele for sickl e-ce ll anae mia in hum an p opul ati ons in malaria-end emic
region in Africa is an exampl e of
A genetic drift
B gene flow
C founder effect
D heterozygote advan tage
39. The statemen ts below refer to different stages in th e production of hum an in sulin by genet ic
engin eering techniqu es. Wh at is the correct sequence productio-il?
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CONFIDENTIAL* 14
I 11 III IV
A Xc) (a) (b) (d)
B (c) (b) (a) (d)
C (e) (d) (a) (b)
D (c) (a) (d) (b)
A A chordate C An arthropod
13 A cnidarian D An annelid
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CONF ID ENTIAL* IS
I Monoecious
II Asexua l reprod ucti on th ro ugh ge mm a cups
III Gametophyte is domin ant
IV gametophyte is depe ndent on spo roph yte
A I and II
B I and III
C II and III
D 11 and IV
I Mutati on
II Camoufl age
1II Recombinati on
IV Dominancy
A II and III
B III and IV
C I and III
D II and IV
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CONFIDENTI AL* 16
1 population di stribution
Il population si ze
III prey-predator relati onship
IV position of trophi c level in th e ecosystem.
A I and II
B I and III
eland IV
D II and III
10
Number 6
of
plant 5
4
o
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Quadrat numbe r
From the bar above, th e density of th e herb8ceous plants per squ are metre or farm is
A 16
B 20
C 80
D 160
SO. Which of the following statement is not true about cmryin g capac ity?
A Total number of organi sms that can be support ed by enviro nm ental resources .
B Carrying capacity is limited by limited resources .
C Carrying capacity of an ecosystem is constant.
D Affected by environmental conditions.
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CONFIDENTIAL *
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Section A
[40 marks]
Answer all questions in this section.
(i) photoperiod
[2 marks]
(b )(i) Name the pigments responsible for photoperiodism and their interconvertible
fomls.
[2 marks]
(ii) With an aid of a diagram, explain the process involved III the interconversion
betvveen the two fonns of the pigment.
[3 marks]
(c)(i) State what is meant by a short-day plant.
[1 mark]
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C ONF llmNTIAL 3
[2 marks]
2. Graph A shows the changes in dry mass (g) of the tuber, leaves and stems of a potato
plant. Graph B shO\·vs four growth patterns of various parts of the human body plotted in
percentage or size against time (in year).
Graph A
,,
12 ,, ,
~ 10
<n
<n
Leaves:'
E1 B
c:-
o 6
4
o 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Time (weeks)
Graph B
200%
I \
180
I \ Thymus gland
I \
160
"'"
u
::J \
\
'"
.~ 140 I
I
(l)
N
'U'j 120 I
a 100%
/
tV
(»
cd /
C 80
<D
~
(l)
0... 60 /
/
/
/
"
40
20
O~-r~~~-r~~~~~~~-r~~
o 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Time (years)
(a)(i) Explain the shape of the curve for the tuber of the potato plant.
[2 mark]
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CONFIDENTIAL 4
[2 marks]
(b) State the age at which the human reproductive organs are growing most rapidly.
[1 mark]
(c) Sta te the type of growth pattern shown in the human's organ growth curve.
Ex plain.
[2 marks]
[2 marks]
[2 marks]
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CONFIDENTIAL 5
3. An experiment to determine the distribution of plants in a study area was done by llslng
a sampling method. Each quadrat size is 1m x 1m. The number of orga nisms from each
plant species in each quadrat is shown in the table below.
r -.. - --- .- .~- ...._--- ------
Quadrat 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 -_.£ 9 10 Tota l -
Mimosasp_
f----
, - 5 - 10 5 2 3 9 - - 34
Imperata sp_ - 15 18 - 6 12 14 9 15 15 104
[ I markl
(b) By using the data given in the preceding table, calculate the:
[ I mark]
[3 mark s]
(iii) density of Imperata sp.
[I mark 1
[3 marks]
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CONFIDENTIAL 6
(c) Name a noth e r sa mplin g meth od that ca n be used to plot the di stributi o n of
pla nts in a stud y a rea.
[1 mark]
(d) If a sample or so il was takc n from thi s study ficld , name a method to obtain
the o rga ni sms present in the soil.
[I mark]
4. The karyoty pe (M) be low was o btained from a pcrson suffering from a certain
genetic di seases.
!!~9UnU IIH~~aa
10 II 12 D 14 15 16 17 18
(a) How ma ny c hromosomes arc round in the so matic cell of this perso n.?
[I mark]
(b) Name the ge ne ti c disord er cau se by the chromosoma l abnormality as shown in
the Karyo type M.
[I mark]
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CONFIDENTIAL 7
(c) Describe the chromosoma l events which may cause this genetic disorder.
[4 marks]
(d) State two features which will be shown by a person with the karyotype M as
shown above.
[2 marks]
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Sec ti o n B
[60 marks]
Answer OilY four questions /rom this section.
5. (a) Stale stru ct ural dil"fcrcnces between RNA and DNA. [3 marks]
(b) Disc uss huw lhe inl~)f"(11ation from DN!\' is used to fonn a correct sequence of
6. (a) Describe the properties or haemoglobin that make them efficient in transporting
oxyge n. [6 marks]
(b) Ex pl a in how gaseous exc han ge takes place in the alveolar surface. [6 marks]
(c) Explain br iefly th e effect of carbon mo nox ide on the etTiciency of human
h<1emog lo bin in the tran sporta tion of oxygen. [3 marks]
7. (a) Describe how the he al1 beat is initiated and how it is regulated. [10 marks]
(b) Describe the causes of atherosc lerosi s and state its effects. [5 marks]
8. (a) With refere nce to a labe lled diagram , describe the structure of a sarcomere.
Exp lain what happen s to the myofibrils during contraction and relaxation of
mu sc le. [10 marks]
(b) Expl a in th e effect o f" cu rare o n the contraction of skeletal muscle. [5 marks]
9. (a) Describe how Human Immun ode ficiency Virus (HI V) causes Acquired
ImrnLln ode l~ c i e nc y Syndrome (A ID S) . [8 marks]
(b) Desc rihe the dcve lupme nt of th e ce ll-mediated response In human immunity
sys tem . [7 marks]
10. With the aid of graphs and suita hl e examples, explain briefly:
(a ) Stab ilisi ng se lection
(b) Directional selectio n
(c) Disruptive se lectio n [15 marks]
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NO ANSWER NO ANSWER
1 A 26 B
2 D 27 D
3 A 28 B
4 A 29 B
5 D 30 D
6 C 31 B
7 D 32 C
8 A 33 A
9 B 34 C
10 D 35 B
11 C 36 A
12 D 37 D
13 C 38 D
14 A 39 C
15 C 40 C
16 D 41 D
17 B 42 A
18 C 43 B
19 B 44 C
20 B 45 D
21 C 46 C
22 C 47 B
23 B 48 A
24 D 49 A
25 A 50 C
QUESTION 18
The answer given by teacher is II and IV.
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PAPER 2 TRIAL STPM 2009 - SECTION B ANS\VER SCH EM E
Any 3 Max 3
(b) • Protein sy nth es is in vo lves transcripti on of DNA, amino ac id
1 1
acti vati on and transl ation .
Transcription:
• The part of DN A (ci stro n) whi ch codes fo r th e specifi c 1
polypeptid es un winds as the hydroge n bonds between th e bases
are broken.
Translation
• The ribosome contains binding sites for mRNA and tRNA 1
molecules.
• Messenger RNA enters into the cytoplasm. The 5' end of mRNA 1
binds to the small ribosome subunit.
• A tRNA-amino acid complex with anticodon UAC and carrying 1
2
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the amino acid methionine binds to the codon AUG (start codon)
on mRNA .
• The large ribosome subunit then binds to the small subunit to form 1
I
functional ribosome. I
TOTAL 15
6(a) • has four haem groups to bind with four molecules of oxygen 1
forming oxyhaemog lobin
• very little oxygen is released when oxygen is transported
1
through the arteries
• can maintain a high (80%) saturation of oxygen because the 1
change in partial pressure of oxygen in the arteries is little
• releases the oxygen to the tissues for respiration where there is a 1
3
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Max6
Any 6
(b) • air is drawn into the alveolus by the expansion of walls of the 1
lungs because of the negative pressure in the thoracic cavity
• changes take place in the blood due to the low concentration of 1
carbon dioxide in the air
• HCO)- ions enter the red blood cells , changed into H2CO J and
1
dissociate into water and carbon dioxide gas which diffuses into
alveolar spaces
• at the same time oxygen from the air di ssolves in the moisture 1
lining the inner surface of the alveolus
• then into the red blood cellsthrough the alveolar and capillary 1
wall
• in the red blood cells, oxygen molecules bind with the haem 1
group of the haemoglobin to form oxyhaemoglobin
• there is aiways a concentration gradient between the gas in the 1
blood and alveolar spaces by the rhythmic expansion and
contraction of the alveolar walls Any 6 Max 6
TOTAL 15
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7(a) Initiation of heart beat
• The heart walls consists of cardiac muscles which are myogenic,
that is, their rhythmic contractions arise from within the heart 1
mLiscles themselves.
• The regular heart beat depends on the two nodes present in the
1
heart. The first node is the sino-atrial node (SAN) which is
embedded in the wall of the right atrium close to the point where
the anterior vena cava enters the heart. The second node is the
atrio-ventricu lar
,
node (A VN) which is embedded between the
right atrium and ri ght ventricle.
• SAN functions as a pacemaker. There is a potential difference 1
• Sodium ions are pumped out of the cells and this repolarises the
• 1
SAN. The atria are in a state of diastole. The whole process is then
/
repeated
Max 5
Any 5
5
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Regulation of heart beat
• Even though the rhythmic beating of the heart is initiated by the
1
pacemaker, its rate is regulated by the autonomic nervous system
which is divided into the sympathetic nervous system and
parasympathetic system. The sympathetic nerves, part of the
sympathetic nervous system, have their origin in the cardiac
acclerator centre of the medulla.
• Stimulation of these nerves causes a release of noradrenaline 1
which results in an increase in the heart rate. The vagus nerves,
part of the parasympathetic nervous system, originate in the
cardiac inhibitory centre of the medulla,
• Stimulation of the vagus nerves causes release of acetylcholine in 1
the SAN, A VN and the bundle of His. This reduces the heart rate
6
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blood flow (thrombosis occurs).
• Artherosclerosis often occurs in the arteries such as the aorta, 1
carotid arteries, iliac and coronary arteries.
Any 3 Max3
Effects of artherosclerosis
• Artherosclerosis causes thrombosis and embolism. 1
• Reduced blood flow to the heart can damage the heart tissues; it
1
causes chest pain called angina pectoris or heart attack known as
myocardial infarction.
• Reduced blood supply to the brain causes stroke. Narrowing of 1
arteries causes hypertension or high blood pressure
Any 2 Max2
TOTAL 15
8(a)
Dark band (A) Light band (I)
,~_ _~A \~
\'--_-----~v_~---------I
One sarcomere
• Diagram 1
Labels: 2
• H zone Yz
Yz
• dark band/fA band
Yz
• I band//light band
Yz
• Actinl/thin filament
Yz
• Myosin//thick filament
Yz
• Z membrane//line
Yz
• M membrane/lline Any 4 Max 3
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• causing paralysis. 1
TOTAL 15
9(a) • HIV enters the body via bodily fluids or blood. 1
• Inside the body ,it binds with T helper cell s with corresponding
receptors. 1
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• Viral particle enters via endocytosis. I
• Capsid is removed I
• Viral DNA enters nucleus and incorporates into DNA of host cell
as provIrus. I
1
• Provirus replicates each time the host DNA replicates.
1
• After about 6 years of dormancy, the provirus is transcribed into
mRNA.
1
• Host cell synthesizes viral capsid, reverse transcriptase enzyme
and viral RNA.
1
• New viruses formed in the host cell exit the cell by budding.
9
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TOTAL 15
10(a) • Sketch of curves
a) Stabilising Selection
~ , -
~
I
I
" ~.:~;~ \
I :,,~A \ Popula tion
;";1~~~
/
/ aller selecllon
,,
I
:\ \'. Or iginal
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b) Directional Selection
I _~_._.""_ Population
I alter s,ele lJ tion
I
I
I
"
c) Disruptive Selection
,
I
, I
, ,,
;
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Disruptive Selection
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the expense of the mean.
1
• a bimodal/two-peaked curve II the two extremes of the curve
create their own smaller curves.
TOTAL 15
13