EXPERIMENT: 3

TITLE : SERIAL AND PARALLEL CIRCUIT

OBJECTIVES :
1. To measure voltage and current on serial and parallel circuit.
2. To calculate the voltage and current on sserial circuit.

MATERIALS AND APPARATUS:

Resistor R1-47Ω, R2-1.2kΩ, R3-22kΩ, R4-220Ω, R5-3.3kΩ
AC-DC power supply unit, multimeter, protoboard, cables and jumper wire

THEORY

When the supply voltage are applied to serial circuit with resistor load, it will generate the
current flwowing through the circuit and the voltage drop in each resistor is directly
proportional to the resistance value. The total of the voltage drop in the circuit is similar to
the sum of voltage supplied. Current is still the same at every point if the circuit is connected
in series.

In parallel circuit connection, one terminal of each element is connected to a node of the
network while the other terminals of the elements are connected to another node of the
network. Voltages are the same across all components connected in parallel. The total current
of a circuit is divided at the a node. The sum of current at all nodes are the same as supplied
current.
PROCEDURE:

EXPERIMENT A

1. The circuit as shown in Figure 3.1 (serial circuit) is connected.

2. Supply voltage to 6Vdc is adjusted.
3. The current across resistor R1, r2, R3, and R4is measured.
4. The voltage across each resistor is measured.
5. The measurement value in Table 1 is filled in.
6. Step 1-5 for Figure 3.2 (parallel circuit) is repeated.
7. The voltage drop and current in each R1, R2, R3, and R4 is calculated.
8. The calculate values in Table 22 is filled in.

R1 R2

6Vdc R3 R4

Figure 3.1: resistor in serial circuit

11 12 13 14
6Vdc
R1 R2 R3 R4

Figure 3.2: Resistor in serial circuit

RESULTS:
FIGUR Voltage drop (V) Current (mA)

E V1 V2 V3 V4 I1 I2 I3 I4

3.1 0.01 0.305 5.5 0.055 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24

3.2 5.96 5.96 5.96 5.96 0.127 4.91 0.26 0.02

Table 1: Measurement Values

FIGUR Voltage drop (V) Current (mA)

E V1 V2 V3 V4 I1 I2 I3 I4

3.1 0.012 0.306 5.61 0.056 0.255 0.255 0.255 0.255

3.2 6 6 6 6 0.127A 5mA 0.272mA 0.027A

Table 2: Calculation Values

DISCUSSION:

1. Based on figure 3.1, why did the current values of Iı, I , I and I are the same?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

2. What is the sum values of voltage potential across each resistor in Figure 3.2? Is the
voltage value same as the supply voltage?
 _____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

3. What is the total measured current voltage from Figure 3.2? Compare the measured
current value with the calculated current value (real value). Specify the percentage of
the difference (if any).
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

EXPERIMENT B

1. The circuit as shown in Figure 3.3 (serial-parallel circuit) is connected,

2. The supplt voltage to 10 Vdc is adjusted.
3. The current and the voltage across resistor R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 is measured.
4. The measurement values in Table 3 is filled.
5. The voltage drop and the current in each R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 is calculated.
6. The calculate values in Table 4 is filled.

R2
 R1
R5

R3 R4

10V

Figure 3.3

RESULTS:

Figure 3.3 Voltage (Volt) Current (mA)

R1
R2
R3
R4
R5

Table 3: Measurement Values

Figure 3.3 Voltage (Volt) Current (mA)

R1
R2
R3
R4
 R5

Table 4: Calculation Values

QUESTIONS:

1. Explain briefly the followings.

a) Voltage :
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
b) Current :
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
c) Resistance :
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

1. The relationship among voltage, current and resistance are stated in Ohm’s Law. Give
the definition of Ohm’s Law.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

2. Based on Figure 3.3, what happen to the total values of the voltage and current when,
a) Open circuit at R (R is removed)
b) Short circuit at R
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

DISCUSSION:
__________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_

CONCLUSION:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________