1. Sinus Tachycardia- treatment: Beta blocker to lower the heart rate.

Calcium Channel blocker to lower the heart rate as well: Verapmail 2. C reactive protein : normal is less than 3 %. Determines inflammation of the heart for carditis 3. Tumor lysis syndrome happens after chemotherapy for cancer where the bone marrow suppression causes a series of problems such as lower WBC, low platelets . check electrolytes such as Potassium, Phosphorous, Calcemia, Uremia ? 4. Laporotomy: is a surgical invasion that is not invasive. Done by cutting several incisions on the surgical sites. 5. Pancreas Cancer: is the cancer of the pancreas that affects bile movement, and pancreatic enzymes to be released. Bile is affected and fat cannot be absorbed. This is usually treated by removing the distal third of the stomach and the head of the pancreas and connect it to either the duodenum or the jejunum. Biliroth I or II 6. Hypochondriasis: is the paranoia of having a series of illnesses even though none are actually diagnosed due to no legit symptoms showing 7. Versed (Midazolam) is a medication that is giving to patients as for conscious sedation during minor surgeries such as dental work/minor surgeries . Check for respiratory depression such as hypotension afterwards 8. Airborne Isolation: Measles, chicken pox, herpes zoster, TB. Gown, gloves, Respirator N95 9. MRSA- is penicillin-resistant infection that is either nosocomial or acquired by the community. The strand from the hospital is a lot stronger and harder to handle. It can happen from surgeries, after joint replacements and IV tubings. CA-MRSA starts with a PAINFUL boil. It is spread by contact means. People are at a higher risk from being in crowded situations often. Hallmark sign: painful boil-> painful pimple boils that become deep, painful abscesses that require surgical draining . Can spread to other areas of the body such as bones, hearts and lungs. Treatment: Draining abscess and use antibacterial drugs 10. Chronic Renal Failure- end stage that is characterized by UREMIA- the collection of urine in blood. Leads to skin problems: pruritis , yellowing of the skin- itching . Urine: Decreased. Neuro: General weakness, N/V/D and fatigue at FIRST, then they all progress to worse: Agitation, confusion, lethargy and Restless leg syndrome. Respiratory: Kasmul pattern. Lab values: low RBC, high BUN, Creatinine- anemia . cardio: high blood pressure . electrolyte imbalance: hypermag, hyperphos, hyperkalemia, and hypo-calcemia Treatment: 1) diet low in protein 2) electrolyte imbalance correction : strict NA and protein diets and potassium 3) dialysis or kidney transplant 4) risk for heart failure and hypertension 5) provide rest periods and decrease infection 6) diuresis: restrict fluids since kidneys cannot excrete anything Meds: lower potassium: Keyexelate . ACE inhibitors to reduce HTN. Diuretics. Increase calcium by giving phosophte bindings . combat anemia by using EPOGEN. 11. Acute Renal Failure hallmark: oliguria 12. Three faces: Initiation, Maintenance, Recovery. Main symptoms are: Electrolyte imbalance: Hypocalcemia, Hyperkalemia, Hyperphosphorous Cardio: Arrhythmias, Seizures, Coma Neuro: Muscle Weakness, Confusion, Agitation, Tremors, Tetany, N/V/D Urine output: Decreased, BUN Increased, Specific Gravity Decreased

Treatment: 1) Electrolyte Imbalance Correction 2) Dialysis 2a) I&O: Monitor Urine output 3) Medications: Keyexelate: diuretic and excretes potassium 4) diet: moderate protein, high calorie , high in CARBS Treatment: 13. Restless Leg Syndrome is a characteristic of which condition ? 14. Cranial Nerves: ISmell IISee or not IIIFocus IVLooking up and down and in VTrigeminal: Teeth , cheek and forehead VILooking away VIITaste VIIIHearing IXSpeech XDigestion and heart rate / everything below the neck XISpinal chord by shrugging shoulders XIIHypoglossal: tongue muscle 15. Acytocholinerase : ends with igime 16. Digoxin therapeutic levels: 0.5-2.0 . Make in a glass bottle away from light. Do not administer if HR is below 60. Toxicity: n/v/d, anorexia, visual disturbances. 17. Quinidine: for arrhythmias: V tach. 2-6 is therapeutic. S/e: same as digoxin 18. Gaits: 2 point, 3 point, 4 point, swing to gait. 3 point is non weight bearing . 2-4 weight bearing. Swing to gait is also for non weight bearing on BOTH legse 19. Rheumatic Fever : 20. Carditis 21. Cystic Fibrosis : Autosomal Recessive disorder. Affects the exocrine gland which secrets mucus. No meconium for the first 24 hours of birth and salty skin. Chloride test . 22. Chorea of Rheumatic Fever: CNS instability! 23. Erhythema marginatum: Rash on the back of trunk for Rheumatic Fever 24. Gower Sign: determines muscle atrophy in the legs. If positive, the child has to use hands to lift him/herself up. 25. Any disorder that involves the inability to process bile: Clay Colored Stool and Abdominal Distention 26. When a child has a cast: you make sure that you let them play a toy that doesnt increase the risk of them putting the toys into the cast such as puzzle, crayons and Barbie doll. Key is to prevent infection 27. Jones criteria for Rheumatic Fever: It affects the skin, heart, joints AND CNS . Skin: Erythem Marginatum: Macuar rash on the trunk. Heart: Carditis: friction rub, new murmur, arrhythmia Joints: pain and swelling. CNS: Chorea: jerking movements Dx: elevated inflammation markers: ESR and C-reactive protein. ESR is more than 15 and C reactive is more than 3. 28. Kawasaki Disease: 2 years of age are affected. Inflammation (Vasculitis of the heart) inflammation of the vessels of the heart-> lead to aneurysms . Symptoms: have three faces: 1stextreme edema in hands and feet and fever. 2nd- decreased fever, edema swelling down and

29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34.

35.

36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45.

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48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57.

cracking lips 3rd) ESR goes back to normal. Treatment: aspirin . Water . monitor for bleeding due to aspirin. Cyanotic heart defects: Acyanotic Heart defects How to combat dry mouth from fluid restriction?: Epogen (Epioten) Pyloric stenosis signs on a baby? Chronic renal failure: Management: Treatment is: monitor weight to reduce extracellular fluids , VS, and urine output. Medication compliance . reduce blood pressure. Restrict fluid intake. Low protein, low sodium , low potassium. Do not use drugs bad for kidneys. Fluid restriction thirst combat: combat dry mouth: frequent mouth care or sugar free candies, icechips , spray bottle. Hypospadias and epispadias. Which one is more common? What are they, and what are the symptoms, and precautions? Surgical repair post-operative teaching to parents? When does the repair usually happen? Does it interfere with Urinating? Does it interfere with repdocution? Exstrophy of bladder- when is the correction made? Post operative? Cystectomy Renal Transplant rejection signs Bucks Traction is for what??- for the stability of the femur. Legs are extended. Cruchfield Tongs fraction- spinal chord injury. Bryants Traction for kids younger than 3 years old and less than 35 lbs . The legs are raised up. Russel Traction Dunlap traction Cryptorchidism Testes torsion? Whats the treatment after its correction ? Polycystic Kidney Disease is HERIDTARY but is it autosomal recessive or dominant? Hallmark signs? renal cysts so there is palpable mass in kidneys with flank pain . what is this condition at risk for? Always infection aka uti Nephoritc syndrome: generalized edema and low albumin- doesnt affect urination treatment involves controlling them both. Fluid restriction, na restriction, protein supplement due to low protein . always at risk of infection . loss of gamma globuln which is a protein = helps fight infections Parkinsons main medication- levodopa- increases dopamine levels in the brain . been seen as the most effective. Administer AFTER MEALS. dopamine and MAO HELP ldopa . no tyramine foods. MONITOR FOR sleep disturbances, on and off presonalities: toxicity: increased twitching /personality changes/increased tremors (akathisia) . prevent orthostatic hypotension. Dont eat foods high in protein. Do not discontinue drugs abruptly. Perineal dialysis- at risk for infection usually peritonitis and risk for hyperglycemia due to the dialysate injected into the perineum Hemodialysis most frequent complication is Hypotension In acute renal failure or any renal disease: Creatinine is the most important indicator For UTI do not use nylon underpants: best is cotton underpants. Drink fluids, and take baths, keep skin dry and void often to prevent infection. In chronic renal failure: anemia comes from the lack of erythropioten hormone Radiological evaluations- looks at structures not colonies 24 hour urine specimen Clean cache urine stream Urinary diversion CARE of the stoma. Urinary incontinence types: urge, stress, reflex, functional, total loss- kegal exerises can help strengthen pelvic floor muscles

58. Developmental milestones for below 1 year old: Posterior Fontannel closes at 2 months of age Anterior Fontannel closes at 18 months of age Birth weight doubles by 6 months, triples by one year Head circumference: 13-14 inches by birth, 17 by 6 months, and 18 by one year Birth Length: one inch of growth every month until the 6th month, by 1 year it should have grown 50% of its birth length a. 1-3 Months: lift head, roll from side to back, grasp for a brief period of time, can focus on objects. Socialization: can smile, can do cooing sounds, can recognize primary caregiver b. 3-6 months: Bottom incisors are developed: can feed food such as crackles, grain cereal, fruits, veggies, egg yolk. Can sit with support. Has better head control. Rolls from abdomen to Back (180). Can move hand to mouth. Socialization: imitate sounds and laugh aloud c. 9 months: Lots of hand actions: Patty-cake play, transfer objects from one hand to another, touch knees and hands. Can sit without support. Can pull to a standing position with hands. Upper incisors are developed Socialization: can respond to requests, dada mama d. 12 months: can walk with assistance and take first steps alone without help. Can sit from a standing position. Can recognize familiar faces such as animals. Likes to make animal sounds. Pincer grasp. Socialization: starts independent play : infant shows affection, explores away from parents, security blanket, solitary play: mobiles, busy boxes, soft cuddle toys and soft picture books. - What is parallel play?? At what age does that happen 59. Pyloric Stenosis: What are the hallmark signs? 60. Cleft Lip and Palate. Cleft lip is repaired before 3 months of age because that interferes with airway and feeding the most. After the repairing of the surgery, the infant is given an alternate feeding tube called lamb nipple. Teach the parent ESSR: enlarged nipple, stimulate suck, swallow and rest. The baby is put in an elbow restraint. Assess for sucking swallowing and breathing ability . After surgery of cleft lip, no spoon, pacifier , straws for 7-10 days . Clean lip from suture line. Antibacterial ointment is given. Use elbow restraints and remove every 2 hours to encourage flexion . side lying position. For cleft palate: usually at 18 months of age, no straws but cup and soft foods are allowed. Cannot self feed. 61. Esophageal Atresia when the esophagus fails to develop a continuous passage 62. The presence of fever, bloody diarrhea, severe lethargy from Hisprungs disease may indicate enterocolitis 63. Enterocolitis 64. Biliary Atresia 64. Acute Glomeruphrinitis: diagnosed by positive ASO TITER . 65. Rheumatic Fever: four categories of symptoms. Also pain is a priority. 66. Coombs Test: Tests for Hemolytic Anemia . Pain is involved and sometimes there are bruises that are left there. Normal. Test if you have antibodies that attack the RBCs. 67. Schilling Test: Tests for vitamin B 12 Deficiency for Pernicious Anemia . 24 hour sample by consuming two doses of B12. 68. PKU Test- on infants to see if there is any brain deformity. Best done after infant has eaten protein and passed meconium.

69. Lead testing should start at 1 year old. 70. Biophysical Profile of the pregnant mother: Requires amniotic fluid to perform the test. Measures: Fetal breathing, movement, tone, amniotic fluid volume and fetal heart reactivity 71. There is an increased correlation of Otitis Media and Feeding position. Being fed in a supine manner can allow the bacteria enter the ear easily. It is usually caused by H. Influenza . edema happens in the middle of the ear, swells up and blocks hearing . 72. the person responsible for obtaining consent is the surgeon or the doctor. He/she also explains the procedure, side effects, risks, alternative treatments and the effects without procedure 73. Person with a CVA starts rehab immediately upon arrival of the hospital 74. nurse can refuse providing care that clashes with her religious beliefs 75. if a client at appropriate age talks about making advanced directives and planning for funeral- it is normal 76. adult cpr compressions= 1.5 inches deep. Infant compression = two fingers on sternum. Adult compression = 2 heels of hands on lower sternum. Child compression = 1 heel of hand on lower sternum 77. Mongolian Spots= bluish pigmentation 78. Signs of pneumothorax: Sharp pain with breathing, or coughing on the affected side, tachypnea, dyspnea, absent sounds on the affected side, tachycardia, anxiety, and restlessness 79. Tension Pneumothorax: EMERGENCY. Trachea deviations on the UNAFFECTED SIDE 80. High in calcium : Brocolli, milk and fortified cereals

Medications: 1) Oxandrolone 2) Anabolic Steroids: Promotes protein growth to gain weight. Also treats bone problems such as osteoporosis 3) Acycloair: treats genital herpes