Digital Unit Plan Template Unit Title: Growth, Development, and Reproduction of Organisms Content Area: Science CA Content

Standard(s)/Common Core Standard(s): LS1.B: Growth and Development of Organisms Organisms reproduce, either sexually or asexually, and transfer their genetic information to their offspring. (secondary to MS-LS3-2) Animals engage in characteristic behaviors that increase the odds of reproduction. (MS-LS1-4) Plants reproduce in a variety of ways, sometimes depending on animal behavior and specialized features for reproduction. (MS-LS1-4) Genetic factors as well as local conditions affect the growth of the adult plant. (MS-LS1-5) Name: Iris Lee Grade Level: 8th

LS3.A: Inheritance of Traits Genes are located in the chromosomes of cells, with each chromosome pair containing two variants of each of many distinct genes. Each distinct gene chiefly controls the production of specific proteins, which in turn affects the traits of the individual. Changes (mutations) to genes can result in changes to proteins, which can affect the structures and functions of the organism and thereby change traits. (MS-LS3-1) Variations of inherited traits between parent and offspring arise from genetic differences that result from the subset of chromosomes (and therefore genes) inherited. (MS-LS3-2)

LS3.B: Variation of Traits In sexually reproducing organisms, each parent contributes half of the genes acquired (at random) by the offspring. Individuals have two of each chromosome and hence two alleles of each gene, one acquired from each parent. These versions may be identical or may differ from each other. (MS-LS3-2) In addition to variations that arise from sexual reproduction, genetic information can be altered because of mutations. Though rare, mutations may result in changes to the structure and function of proteins. Some changes are beneficial, others harmful, and some neutral to the organism. (MS-

LS3-1)

LS4.B: Natural Selection In artificial selection, humans have the capacity to influence certain characteristics of organisms by selective breeding. One can choose desired parental traits determined by genes, which are then passed on to offspring. (MS-LS4-5)

Big Ideas: Organisms reproduce to pass on their genetic information to the next generation Chromosomes carry genetic information that will be used to make up an individual Inherited traits from parents to offspring are varied due to the sexual reproduction; there is no variation in genetic information when asexual reproduction occurs Artificial selection can be used to choose desired parental traits to be passed on to offspring

Unit Goals and Objectives: MS-LS1-4. Use argument based on empirical evidence and scientific reasoning to support an explanation for how characteristic animal behaviors and specialized plant structures affect the probability of successful reproduction of animals and plants respectively. MS-LS1-5. Construct a scientific explanation based on evidence for how environmental and genetic factors influence the growth of organisms. MS-LS3-1. Develop and use a model to describe why structural changes to genes (mutations) located on chromosomes may affect proteins and may result in harmful, beneficial, or neutral effects to the structure and function of the organism. MS-LS3-2. Develop and use a model to describe why asexual reproduction results in offspring with identical genetic information and sexual reproduction results in offspring with genetic variation. MS-LS4-5. Gather and synthesize information about the technologies that have changed the way humans influence the inheritance of desired traits in organisms.

Unit Summary: All living organisms grow, develop, and reproduce in different ways. In this unit, we will learn the differences between organisms' life cycles and their ability to reproduce and pass on their genetic information to their offspring. We will also learn about genes and different variations of inherited traits. This information is located on chromosomes of our DNA. And finally, we will end this unit by discussing how we, as humans, can selectively breed organisms by choosing traits we believe are desirable.

Assessment Plan: Entry-Level: Brainstorm What does growth and development mean to you?

Formative: Quiz Vocabulary Quickwrite What is DNA and why is it important? Flow chart Steps involved in mitosis Venn diagram Similarities and differences of sexual and asexual reproduction

Summative: Unit Exam Poster Draw out each step in mitosis and add a description to each picture using key words from the unit

Lesson 1 Student Learning Objective: By the end of this lesson, students will know the concepts that are involved in the growth and development of organisms. Students will have a further understanding of the role in DNA, as well as get a brief overview of the processes that it is involved in. We will also

Acceptable Evidence: Students will be able to complete guided notes that accompany the teacher lecture. Be able to explain how behaviors in organisms increase successful reproduction

Instructional Strategies: Communication Collection Collaboration Presentation Organization Interaction

Lesson Activities: A presentation on the growth and development of organisms with guided notes. It includes a short video on mitosis. We will pause in some parts of the lesson so students will be able to answer questions (with their group members) that have been included in the lecture. Afterwards, I will call on some students to respond to them.

touch briefly in the reproduction cycle of plants. Content Standard LS1.B Growth and Development Lesson 2 Student Learning Objective: Students will be learning through various digital interactives to reinforce what they have learned. After this lesson, students will be able to discuss the various internal and external factors affecting plant growth. Content Standard: MSLS1-5 Lesson 3 Student Learning Objective: Students will be creating two graphic organizers that will be used as an introduction to why asexual reproduction results in offspring with identical genetic information and why sexual reproduction results in offspring with genetic variation. Content Standard: MSLS3-2

Acceptable Evidence: Students will be able to fill out the webercise with the appropriate answers. They will be introduced to heredity in this activity and their answers to what did you learn in this portion after watching a movie will determine how much they learned from it.

Instructional Strategies: Communication Collection Collaboration Presentation Organization Interaction

Lesson Activities: Students will be working independently to fill out the webercise that is provided on the website. This activity is important because it will bridge prior knowledge to a new lesson on heredity and genetics. By using a short movie clip on heredity and giving students to write freely on what they have learned, it will give me an idea of where I need to start and how much more information that theyll need when we start genetics and variation of traits.

Acceptable Evidence: Students will be able to correctly fill out their graphic organizers in concordance to what we have learned thus far. Students will be able to understand that there are different ways organisms reproduce and pass their genetic information to their offspring.

Instructional Strategies: Communication Collection Collaboration Presentation Organization Interaction

Lesson Activities: Students are asked to fill out two graphic organizers that will further their knowledge on our lecture. Allowing students to discuss their answers amongst themselves will also increase what they have taken in because it reinforces what was just learned. Examples and a grading rubric will be available to the students to model what I want from them. This activity is important because it will bridge what we have learned to what we will be learning next.

Unit Resources: Videos Learn with Tim and Moby at BrainPOP: DNA (After watching the video, take the quiz here) Heredity (After watching the video, take the quiz here) Simulations Characters of Inheritance at Learn.Genetics: What is a trait? Genetic Variation at Learn.Genetics: Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction Natural vs. Artificial Selection Activities Additional help to master Punnet Squares at Education Development Center, INC: Punnet Squares After finishing the unit, try this Mendelian activity and breed wrinkled peas: Mendelian Pea Lab And if you have time, work in the Crazy Plant Shop to breed plants for customers and learn more about artificial selection: Crazy Plant Factory

Useful Websites: Plant Growth Plant Reproduction