SOLAR POWERED MULTIPURPOSE SPRAYER MANOJ. E UG Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, R.M.K. College of Engineering and Technology, R.S.M.

Nagar,Puduvoyal, Gummidipoondi Taluk, Tiruvallur District, Tamil Nadu, India. Pin code: 601 206.

Abstract:- To extend the concept of Solar PV- form. It is Two Stroke Petrol Engine. It needs fuel and Oil Technology on Solar Sprayers as Energy Alternate for its operation. The Mechanical parts of the engine Devices operates with this Fuel Energy. The Two Stroke Petrol to convert the Fuel Operating System as Free Engine mounted on a power sprayer. Energy Operating System for agriculture implementation used to discharge pesticides and fertilizers in the liquid. To overcome the above difficulties in the Existing models and to reduce the operating cost of the Power Sprayer, a modified model has been designed and introduced for effective operation without fossil fuel. In this modified model the two stroke petrol engine is replaced by a single motor. This can be operated by the electrical energy stored in the 12V battery attached in the Unit. The 12V battery can be charged by the Solar Panels. It is often said food, clothing & shelter are the 3 basic needs of mankind. All the above 3 are based on agriculture. Agriculture is known to our people for thousands of years. But still our farmers in the villages are using only age-old technology. The population in our country has increased at least 3 times since our independence. The agricultural land has diminished in size as some agricultural lands have been diverted for industrial and domestic purposes. For improving the productivity of our agricultural lands it is stressed that they must employ high technology in every activity. This involves the use of tractors, electrical pumps and motors etc. While this can be used in positive way in many plants, it cannot be used in remote places for either want of electricity or oil. Even where oil is available it requires precise foreign exchange. Hence it will be in the fitness of things to design a device which can be operated manually. Agriculture starts with sowing of seeds and fertilizers hence to be applied several times. Hence if a manually operated sprayer be designed it will prove to be a small step but with a very high potential of growth. The use of this sprayer will result in uniform broadcasting which cannot be obtained, in other devices at such a low cost. Since the electricity is not required, this can be used anywhere. Since oil is not used this is pollution free. An attempt has been made to design and fabricate such a Solar Seed Sprayer, which can be used even by an unskilled operator.

1. COMPONENTS OF SOLAR MUTLIPURPOSE SPRAYER The following are the components of solar multipurpose sprayer, DC motor Battery Solar panel Mild steel shaft Impeller Stand Switch box and wires DC MOTOR:A DC motor relies on the fact that like magnet poles repel and unlike magnetic poles attract each other. A coil of wire with a current running through it generates a electromagnetic field aligned with the centre of the coil. By switching the current on or off in a coil its magnet field can be switched on or off or by switching the direction of the current in the coil the direction of the generated magnetic field can be switched 180. A simple DC motor typically has a stationary set of magnets in the stator and an armature with a series of two or more windings of wire wrapped in insulated stack slots around iron pole pieces (called stack teeth) with the ends of the wires terminating on a commutator. The armature includes the mounting bearings that keep it in the centre of the motor and the power shaft of the motor and the commutator connections. The winding in the armature continues to loop all the way around the armature and uses either single or parallel conductors (wires), and can circle several times around the stack teeth. The total amount of current sent to the coil, the coil's size and what it's wrapped around dictate the strength of the electromagnetic field created. The sequence of turning a particular coil on or off dictates what direction the effective electromagnetic fields are pointed. By turning on and off coils in sequence a rotating magnetic field can be created. These rotating magnetic fields interact with the magnetic fields of the magnets (permanent or electromagnets) in the stationary part of the motor (stator) to create a force on the armature which causes it to rotate. In some DC motor designs the stator fields use electromagnets to create their magnetic fields which allow greater control over the motor. At high power levels, DC motors are almost always cooled using forced air. The commutator allows each armature coil to be activated in turn. The current in the coil is typically supplied via two brushes that make moving contact with the commutator. Now, some brushless DC motors have electronics that switch the DC current to each coil on and off and have no brushes to wear out or create sparks. Different number of stator and armature fields as well as how they are connected provide different inherent speed/torque regulation characteristics. The speed of a DC motor can be controlled by changing the voltage applied to the armature. The introduction of variable resistance in the armature circuit or field circuit allowed speed control. Modern DC motors are often controlled by power electronics systems which adjust the voltage by "chopping" the DC current into on and off cycles which have an effective lower voltage.

SOLAR PANEL: A solar panel is a set of solar photovoltaic modules electrically connected and mounted on a supporting structure. A photovoltaic module is a packaged, connected assembly of solar cells. The solar panel can be used as a component of a larger photovoltaic system to generate and supply electricity in commercial and residential applications. Each module is rated by its DCoutput power under standard test conditions (STC), and typically ranges from 100 to 320 watts. The efficiency of a module determines the area of a module given the same rated output - an 8% efficient 230 watt module will have twice the area of a 16% efficient 230 watt module. A single solar module can produce only a limited amount of power; most installations contain multiple modules. A photovoltaic system typically includes a panel or an array of solar modules, an inverter, and sometimes a battery and/or solar tracker and interconnection wiring. IMPELLER: An impeller is a rotating component of a centrifugal pump, usually made of iron, steel, bronze, brass, aluminum or plastic, which transfers energy from the motor that drives the pump to the fluid being pumped by accelerating the fluid outwards from the center of rotation. The velocity achieved by the impeller transfers into pressure when the outward movement of the fluid is confined by the pump casing. Impellers are usually short cylinders with an open inlet (called an eye) to accept incoming fluid, vanes to push the fluid radially, and a splined, keyed or threaded bore to accept a drive-shaft. The impeller made out of cast material in many cases may be called rotor, also. It is cheaper to cast the radial impeller right in the support it is fitted on, which is put in motion by the gearbox from an electric motor, combustion engine or by steam driven turbine. The rotor usually names both the spindle and the impeller when they are mounted by bolts. IMPELLERS IN PUMP: Some impellers are similar to small propellers but without the large blades. Among other uses, they are used in water jets to power high speed boats. Since impellers have no large blades to turn, they can spin at much higher speeds than propellers. The water forced through the impeller is channeled by the housing, creating a water jet that propels the vessel forward. The housing is normally tapered into a nozzle to increase the speed of the water, which also creates a Venturi effect in which low pressure behind the impeller pulls more water towards the blades, tending to increase the speed. To work efficiently, there must be a close fit between the impeller and the housing. The housing is normally fitted with a replaceable wear ring which tends to wear as sand or other particles are thrown against the housing side by the impeller.Vessels using impellers are normally steered by changing the direction of the water jet. Compare to propeller and jet aircraft engines. SHAFT: A drive shaft, driveshaft, driving shaft, propeller shaft (prop shaft), or Cardan shaft is a mechanical component for transmitting torque and rotation, usually used to connect other components of a drive train that cannot be connected directly because of distance or the need to allow for relative movement between them. Drive shafts are carriers of torque: they are subject to torsion and shear stress, equivalent to the difference between the input torque and the load. They must therefore be strong enough to bear the stress, whilst avoiding too much additional weight as that would in turn increase their inertia. To allow for variations in

the alignment and distance between the driving and driven components, drive shafts frequently incorporate one or more universal joints, jaw couplings, orrag joints, and sometimes a splined joint or prismatic joint. BATTERY: A battery is a type of rechargeable battery that supplies electric energy to an automobile.Usually this refers to an SLI battery to power the starter motor, the lights, and the ignition system of a engine.SLI batteries are usually lead-acid type, and are made of six galvanic cells in series to provide a 12-volt system. Each cell provides 2.1 volts for a total of 12.6 volts at full charge. Heavy vehicles, such as highway trucks or tractors, often equipped with diesel engines, may have two batteries in series for a 24-volt system or may have parallel strings of batteries. Lead-acid batteries are made up of plates of lead and separate plates of lead dioxide, which are submerged into an electrolyte solution of about 38% sulfuric acid and 62%water. This causes a chemical reaction that releases electrons, allowing them to flow through conductors to produce electricity. As the battery discharges, the acid of the electrolyte reacts with the materials of the plates, changing their surface to lead sulfate. When the battery is recharged, the chemical reaction is reversed: the lead sulfate reforms into lead dioxide and lead. With the plates restored to their original condition, the process may now be repeated. Battery recycling of automotive batteries reduces the need for resources required for manufacture of new batteries, diverts toxic lead from landfills, and prevents risk of improper disposal. 2. WORKING PRINCIPLE SOLAR PANNEL
IMPELLER

BATTERY

SWITCH

DC MOTOR

Solar radiation can be converted directly into electricity using semiconductor devices, which are known as Photovoltaic (PV) cells. When Sunlight falls upon the Solar cell a part of the light is absorbed and it is converted into Electrical Energy by means of Electron Movements. This Solar Panel is connected to 12V lead acid battery for storing the electrical energy. A 12V DC motor is connected to these lead acid battery to convert the electrical energy into mechanical energy Operating System of Solar Panel: Charging can be done using a solar panel. Battery can be charged continuously during discharge itself, by attaching the panel on the sprayers. Without Panel on the sprayers, discharge can be done for a minimum period of 4 to 5 hours. By changing the battery, discharge can be continued for further more hours. Charging can be done by separate Solar panel attachment. Note: During Rainy Season charging can be done by electrical devices. The blower fan is made to rotate

by using a 12 V DC motor. The supply of the current is been given from the 12 V battery provided. The chemical liquid provided in the Hooper may reach the nose for spray by the gravitational force. The panel board is fixed by providing the M.S. plates.

During the sunshine the panel board absorbs the heat energy from the sun and it converts it to the electrical energy and sends the current to the battery for the storage provision. The stored energy from battery is supplied to the motor for operating the blower fan. The discharge of the electrical energy from the battery will be equal to the charging of the battery by the solar photo voltaic cell. 3. SPECIFICATIONS Solar panel: DC Motor: Battery: Shaft: pitch:1.25mm 4. ANALYSIS Voltage: 12V Voltage: 12V Voltage: 12V Outer Diameter of shaft:12mm Power: 30W Current: 7 amps Current: 7.5 amps Inner diameter of shaft:8mm Power: 84W Power: 90W Thread

5. ADVANTAGES Since the efficiency of the Sprayer is very high, it can be used by the farmers. The material spreads uniformly. This device is portable. It is light in weight. Unskilled workers can also operate it. Low Cost. Maintenance is easy. This is non-conventional energy source. Since oil is not used, it is pollution free. This device is very useful to small farmers. 6. CONCLUSION This Technology is most suitable for Energy alternate Device for power sprayers. The farming community is more dynamic and they can accept the proved technology for implementation. Moreover the same technique and technology can also be extended for all types of power sprayers.