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MAJOR PROJECT REPORT ON RAJASTAN TOURISM

Session: 2012-2014

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF: JAC SPARRO!

SUBMITTED BY:BRUCE !I""S Enrollment No.

Reader & Prog. BBA(T&TM) Dept. Of Business Administration

Course BBA(T&TM) !rd "em

INDE# S NO$ 1$ TIT"E In%&o'()%ion "u$ Topi% as per ur pro&e%t PAGE NO$

O$&e%ti'e & "%ope of "tud( Resear%) Met)odolog( *imitations 2$ .$ 4$ D*%* An*+,sis *n' In%e&-&e%*%ion Fin'in/s 0 Re)o11en'*%ions Con)+(sion Bi2+io/&*-3, 4(es%ionn*i&e

C3*-%e& 5 1 In%&o'()%ion

To(&is1 'e6e+o-1en%
Ra&ast)an Tourism D. Corp. (RTDC)
Ra&ast)an )appens to $e t)e largest state of ,ndia -it) an area of !..+ la%e s/. 0ames. Ra&ast)an also $oasts of $eing t)e onl( desert of t)e su$ %ontinent1 namel( t)e 2reat ,ndian Desert in %om$ination -it) t)e Ra'alli mountain range. T)e de'elopment in all t)e aspe%ts of life of t)e people of Ra&ast)an )as not faded t)e %)arisma1 %olor and %)arm a $it. . T)e land still spea0s of t)e %)i'alr( of its rulers3 t)e pala%es are e'iden%e of t)e ro(alt( t)at reigned for %enturies. Ra&ast)an is t)e a$ode of t)e 0ings1 t)at is1 Ra&a4s st)an (pla%e). RTDC stands for 5Ra&ast)an Tourism De'elopment Corporation51 -)i%) started in t)e (ear #678 as an in%orporate Pri'ate *imited Compan( under t)e ,ndian Companies A%t #69:. T)e %orporation is )a'ing a -ell managed d(nami% team. Ea%) mem$er of t)e %ompan( is %ommitted for t)e de'elopment and progression of tourism in Ra&ast)an. T)e /ualit( of t)e ser'i%es t)at are offered $( t)e %orporation is flouris)ing da( $( da(. T)e 5Culture of Customer "er'i%e5 is an e;%ellent one in t)e tra'el %ompan(. ,n fa%t1 our e;%eptional %ustomer ser'i%e is also a reason of t)e su%%ess and rapid gro-t) of t)e %ompan(. T)e main motto of 5Ra&ast)an Tourism De'elopment Corporation5 is to a%%elerate tourism in t)e state. Also it is promoting so man( e;e%uted pro&e%t and s%)eme1 -)i%) fa%ilitate ni%e tourism in Ra&ast)an.

R*7*s%3*n To(&is1 In'(s%&,


Tourism is a $ooming ,ndustr( in ,ndia. ,ndia<s Tourism e%onom( )as =it) a 6 > annual gro-t) rate1 ,ndia4s tra'el and tourism e%onom( )as $roug)t in an estimated amount of ?!# $illion in +@@. and -it) an in%reasing annual gro-t) rate of 6> is li0el( to a%/uire ?:. $illion $( +@#.. Ra&ast)an1 t)e nort)-estern state of ,ndia e;udes a magi%al %)arm -it) t)e aura of its golden sand dunes and undulating lands%ape fle%0ed -it) mar'elous forts and pala%es. T)is ent)ralling am$ien%e of t)e state attra%ts )ordes of tourists and tra'elers all o'er t)e %ountr( and t)e -orld t)us ma0ing it a prime tourist destination. Tourism a%%ounts for a$out #9> of t)e e%onom( of Ra&ast)an. T)e famous tourist attra%tions of t)e state areA %ities li0e Baipur1 Cdaipur1 Bod)pur1 Baisalmer1 Pus)0ar1 Rana0pur1 Dorts and Pala%es li0e Me)rangar) Dort1 2olden Dort1 =ildlife "an%tuaries li0e "aris0a1 Rant)am$ore1 C)am$al 2ardens1 Temples of Mount A$u and Eiradu temples and lots of ot)er attra%tions. A%%ording to a sur'e(1 a$out :+@1@@@ foreign and 7 million domesti% tourists 'isited Ra&ast)an in t)e (ear +@@+. Ra&ast)an %ontri$utes a$out ##.+ per %ent and !.! per %ent s)are in ,ndia<s foreign and domesti% tourist arri'als respe%ti'el(. ,t is %al%ulated t)at on an a'erage Rs .@@ per da( is spend $( a domesti% tourist and Rs 8@@ per da( $( a foreign tourist. T)us tourism adds greatl( to t)e e%onom( of t)e state $( %ontri$uting #! per %ent of t)e "tate Domesti% Produ%t. ,n fa%t in terms of e%onom(1 tourism is t)e t)ird signifi%ant se%tor ne;t to agri%ulture and industr(. O'er t)e (ears1 Ra&ast)an )as %ome up -it) -ellAde'eloped tourism infrastru%ture t)at in%ludes a$out :1@@@ )otel rooms in o'er #9@ )otels. Among t)ese #.@@ rooms are of 9. )eritage )otels and resorts. T)e ,ndian Fotels1 ,TCA")eraton1 T)e O$eroi and Folida( ,nn are t)e reno-ned and predominant names in t)e Tourism industr( of Ra&ast)an. T)e -orld %lass lu;ur( trainAGPala%e on =)eels< is also a %)ief attra%tion for t)e tourists. T)e Ra&ast)an go'ernment )as $roug)t do-n t)e lu;ur( ta; from #@> to 8> to $oost t)e tourism industr( of Ra&ast)an.

"tru%ture of E%onom(
Ra&ast)an )as t)e eig)t) largest e%onom( -it) a Net "tate Domesti% Produ%t (N"DP) of o'er C"? ##.9 $illion. O'er t)e last ten (ears from #66. to +@@!1 t)e state of Ra&ast)an under-ent gro-t) at a Compounded A'erage 2ro-t) Rate (CA2R) of :> in%reasing from C"? :.. $illion to C"? ##.9

$illion. ,n t)e (ears #669A6: and +@@#A@+1 t)e industrial se%tor of t)e state under-ent a gro-t) rate of :.6> per annum. T)e gro-t) rate of t)e ser'i%e se%tor -as 7.. >. T)e main e%onom( of Ra&ast)an is agrarian $ased. Agri%ulture is t)e leading e%onom( of t)e state a%%ounting for ++.9 per %ent. T)e total %ulti'ated area of t)e state en%ompasses a$out +@ million )e%tares and out of t)is onl( +@> of t)e land is irrigated. T)e prin%ipal %rops Barle(1 =)eat1 2ram1 Pulses1 Oil "eeds1 Ba&ra1 Pulses1 Bo-ar1 MaiHe 2round Nuts1 fruits and 'egeta$les and spi%es. Ne;t to t)e agri%ultural se%tor1 t)e ,ndustr( of Ra&ast)an pla(s a ma&or role in t)e e%onom(. T)e industrial se%tor a%%ounts for a$out !+.9 per %ent of t)e total s)are of t)e state<s e%onom(. T)e main industries of Ra&ast)an in%lude te;tile1 rugs1 -oolen goods1 'egeta$le oil and d(es. Fea'( industries %onsist of %opper and Hin% smelting and t)e manufa%ture of rail-a( rolling sto%0. T)e ot)er industries related to Pri'ate "e%tor in%lude steel1 %ement1 %erami%s and glass -ares1 ele%troni%1 leat)er and foot-ear1 stone and ot)er %)emi%al industries. Ra&ast)an is also 0no-n for its te;tile industr( and t)e state is t)e fourt) largest produ%er of spun (arn in ,ndia. Ra&ast)an is also t)e ma&or produ%er of %ement %ontri$uting to #9 per %ent of t)e national %ement produ%tion. Ra&ast)an is t)e t)ird ma&or salt produ%ing state of t)e %ountr( and a%%ounts for oneAtent) of t)e national salt produ%tion. Ra&ast)an is t)e se%ond largest mineral produ%ing state in ,ndia and )ouses a$out 6@> of t)e total mineral reser'es of t)e %ountr(. ,t s)ares +.> of t)e aggregate national produ%tion of nonA metalli% minerals. T)us t)e Mining se%tor is a 'er( important re'enue earner for t)e state. Drom t)is se%tor Ra&ast)an earns as mineral ro(alt( an annual in%ome of more t)an C"? #@@ Million. Anot)er most important re'enue %ontri$utor of t)e state is Tourism and a%%ounts for a$out #9> of t)e e%onom( of Ra&ast)an. Ra&ast)an %ontri$utes a$out ##.+ per %ent and !.! per %ent s)are in :

,ndia<s foreign and domesti% tourist arri'als respe%ti'el(. T)e Ra&ast)an go'ernment )as $roug)t do-n t)e lu;ur( ta; from #@> to 8> to $oost t)e tourism industr( of Ra&ast)an. T)e ser'i%es se%tor a%%ounts for .9 per %ent of t)e 2DP of t)e state. Ot)er sour%es of e%onom( for t)e state are ,nfrastru%ture1 Transportation1 Energ(1 Po-er1 Tele%ommuni%ations1 and Ban0ing & Dinan%ial ,nstitutions. R*7*s%3*n In8&*s%&()%(&e ,nfrastru%ture is t)e $a%0$one of an( e%onom(. To de'elop a strong e%onom( t)e go'ernment of Ra&ast)an )as $een ma0ing %ons%ious efforts in de'elopment of t)e state4s infrastru%ture. Areas t)at )a'e $een impro'ed upon in t)e state areA Ra&ast)an Transportation

Ra&ast)an Tele%ommuni%ations T)ere is an e;)austi'e net-or0 of roads in t)e state %o'ering a lengt) of #.@1@@@ 0m. Of t)ese 86@@@ 0m are %oated or surfa%ed roads as per #666 statisti%s. A stret%) of .1967 0m of national )ig)-a(s %riss%rosses t)e state. T)is is a signifi%ant rise from :9@@@ 0m in #66!. Ra&ast)an po-er units )a'e a generation %apa%it( of a$out .19.7 M=. 7+> of t)is domesti% generation %apa%it( is t)ermal po-er. T)e state go'ernment<s department of energ( )as $een rendering e;%eptional performan%e in t)e past fe- (ears. T)e %ount of landline (fi;ed -ire telep)one su$s%ri$ers) in Ra&ast)an stands at a$out #.: millions as in +@@+ -)ile t)ere are around 77@1@@@ %ellular users in +@@.. "u%) de'elopment )as promoted t)e influ; of in'estments in t)e state and also )as attra%ted foreign $usiness in'estors. =it) t)e inflo- of foreign re'enue and multinational $usiness units setting up 'entures in Ra&ast)an1 t)e e%onomi% s(stem of t)e state )as gro-n in leaps and $ounds.

R*7*s%3*n A/&i)(+%(&e A signifi%ant portion of t)e e%onom( of Ra&ast)an is agrarian. T)e agri%ultural se%tor of t)e state a%%ounts for ++.9 per %ent. T)e arid state -)i%) re%ei'es not more t)an an annual in%ome of +9 %m t)ri'es on agri%ulture t)at is done -it) irrigation s(stems and painsta0ing efforts of t)e poor farmers of Ra&ast)an. As a ma&or portion of t)e state is par%)ed and infertile1 agri%ulture $e%omes 'er( diffi%ult.

T)e total %ulti'ated area of t)e state en%ompasses a$out +@ million )e%tares and out of t)is onl( +@> of t)e land is irrigated. 2round -ater le'el is a'aila$le onl( at a dept) of !@ to :#m. Ra&ast)an farmers )a'e to depend on different sour%es of irrigation t)at in%lude tu$e -ells1 -ells and tan0s. T)e Pun&a$ Ri'ers in t)e nort)1 t)e Narmada Ri'er in t)e sout) and t)e Agra Canals from Far(ana and Cttar Prades) pro'ide -ater to t)e dr( land of Ra&ast)an. Nort)-estern Ra&ast)an is irrigated $( t)e ,ndira 2and)i Canal. Ra&ast)an )as t-o prin%ipal %rop seasonsA I Ra$i IE)arif T)e Ra$i %rops are -inter %rops and are so-n in t)e mont)s of O%to$er and No'em$er and are )ar'ested in t)e mont)s of Mar%) and April. T)e prin%ipal Ra$i %rops are Barle(1 =)eat1 2ram1 Pulses and Oil "eeds. T)e ma&or oil seeds are Rape and Mustard. T)e E)arif %rops are t)e %rops t)at are gro-n in t)e summer season and are seeded in t)e mont)s of Bune and Bul(. T)ese %rops are )ar'ested in t)e mont)s of "eptem$er and O%to$er and in%lude Ba&ra1 Pulses1 Bo-ar1 MaiHe and 2round Nuts.

T)e regions t)at are )ig)l( irrigated or re%ei'e a$undant -ater suppl( are utiliHed for t)e %ulti'ation of impro'ed )ig)A(ielding 'arieties of ri%e. "ome pla%es of Ra&ast)an t)at )as $la%0 soil nurture t)e gro-t) of ma&or %as) %rops li0e Cotton. ,n some regions To$a%%o is also gro-n. Apart from t)is %rops an assortment of fruits and 'egeta$les are also gro-n in Ra&ast)an in t)e lo%al gardens and some fertile regions. T)ese fruits in%lude Oranges1 2ua'as1 *emon1 Pomegranates and Mangoes. Ra&ast)an soil is also suited for t)e gro-t) of some spi%e plants1 espe%iall( red1 )ot %)ilies. T)ese %)ilies gi'e Ra&ast)an its distin%t fla'or. Ot)er spi%es are %umin seeds and met)i. Dis%laimer All efforts )a'e $een made to ma0e t)is image a%%urate. Fo-e'er Compare

,nfo$ase *imited. and its dire%tors do not o-n an( responsi$ilit( for t)e %orre%tness or aut)enti%it( of t)e same.

Dis%laimer All efforts )a'e $een made to ma0e t)is image a%%urate. Fo-e'er Compare ,nfo$ase *imited and its dire%tors do not o-n an( responsi$ilit( for t)e %orre%tness or aut)en%it( of t)e same.

Ra&ast)an started e;perien%ing industrial de'elopment $et-een #69@ and #6:@. *arge and small s%ale industries started springing up in t)e Eota1 Baipur1 Cdaipur1 B)il-ara and ot)er ,ndustrial Estates of Ra&ast)an. T)e main industries of Ra&ast)an in%lude te;tile1 rugs1 -oolen goods1 'egeta$le oil and d(es. Fea'( industries %onsist of %opper and Hin% smelting and t)e manufa%ture of rail-a( rolling sto%0. T)e ot)er industries related to Pri'ate "e%tor in%lude steel1 %ement1 %erami%s and glass -ares1 ele%troni%1 leat)er and foot-ear1 stone and ot)er %)emi%al industries. Altoget)er t)e industrial se%tor a%%ounts for a$out !+.9 per %ent of t)e total s)are of t)e state4s e%onom(. During #669A 6: and +@@#A@+1 t)e industrial se%tor of Ra&ast)an e;perien%ed gro-t) at t)e rate of :.6> per annum.

Te;tile ,ndustr(ATe;tile is t)e %)ief industr( and t)e Ra&ast)an is %onsidered as ,ndia4s se%ond largest produ%er of Pol(ester Di$er. ,t is gro-n in t)e B)il-ara distri%t of Ra&ast)an. Besides t)ese1 Ra&ast)an is also in'ol'ed in t)e large s%ale produ%tion of %otton and -ool in t)e %ountr(. ,n total t)e produ%tion of Te;tiles a%%ounts +#.6: > in t)e state. Ra&ast)an also produ%es )uge /uantities of spun (arn and )en%e is t)e fourt) largest produ%er in ,ndia.

C3*-%e& 5 2

P&o8i+e o8 R*7*s%3*n

Emergen%e of Ra&ast)an
Ra&ast)an1 land of prin%es1 %omprised man( small 0ingdoms ruled o'er $( %lans -)o -arred %onstantl( for suprema%( and indi'iduall( tried to stem t)e tide of t)e ,slami% in'asions. T)e %lans -ere all Ra&puts A%%ording to t)e Findu M(t)olog(1 t)e Ra&puts of Ra&ast)an -ere t)e des%endants of t)e Es)atri(as or -arriors of Jedi% ,ndia. T)e emergen%e of t)e Ra&put -arrior %lans -as in t)e :t) and 7t) %enturies. Ra&puts an%estr( %an $e di'ided into t-o t)e 5solar5 or sur(a'ans)iAt)ose des%ended from Rama1 t)e )ero of t)e epi% Rama(ana1 and t)e 5lunar5 or %)andra'ans)i1 -)o %laimed des%ent from Eris)na1 t)e )ero of t)e epi% Ma)a$)arata. *ater a t)ird %lan -as added1 t)e agni0ula or fireA$orn1 said to )a'e emerged from t)e flames of a sa%rifi%ial fire on Mt A$u. ,t )as $een a%%epted t)at t)e Ra&puts -ere di'ided into t)irt(Asi; ra%es and t-ent(Aone 0ingdoms. T)e Ra&put %lans ga'e rise to d(nasties li0e "isodias of Me-ar (Cdaipur)1 t)e Ea%)-a)as of Am$er (Baipur)1 t)e Rat)ors of Mar-ar (Bod)pur & Bi0aner)1 t)e Fadas of B)al-a-ar1 Eota & Bundi1 t)e B)attis of Baisalmer1 t)e ")e0)a-ats of ")e0)a-ati and t)e C)au)ans of A&mer. "ome popular rulers )a'e $een listed and gi'en $elo- a%%ording to period An%ient Period1 up to #+@@ Centur( Ra&put %lans emerged and )eld t)eir s-a( o'er different parts of Ra&ast)an from a$out 7@@ AD. Before t)at1 Ra&ast)an -as a part of se'eral repu$li%s. ,t -as a part of t)e Maur(an Empire. Ot)er ma&or repu$li%s t)at dominated t)is region in%lude t)e Mala'as1 Ar&un(as1 Kaud)(as1 Eus)ans1 "a0a "atraps1 2uptas and Funas. T)e Ra&put %lans as%endan%( in ,ndian )istor( -as during t)e period from t)e eig)t) to t)e t-elft) %entur( AD. T)e Prati)ars ruled Ra&ast)an and most of nort)ern ,ndia during 79@A#@@@ AD. Bet-een #@@@A#+@@ AD1 Ra&ast)an -itnessed t)e struggle for suprema%( $et-een C)alu0(as1 Parmars and C)au)ans.

Bappa Ra-al (7#! A 79!)

#@

Bappa Ra-al -as one of t)e most po-erful and famous rulers of t)e Me-ar D(nast(. Alt)oug) a sur'i'ing mem$er of t)e 2u)ilot %lan1 Prin%e Eal$)o& ()is a%tual name) did not %ontinue t)e famil( name of se'en generations -)en )e %ame to t)e t)rone3 instead1 )e esta$lis)ed t)e Me-ar D(nast(1 naming it for t)e 0ingdom )e )ad &ust ta0en.

To(&is% *%%&*)%ion
Tourist Attra%tions in Ra&ast)an T)e tourist attra%tions in Ra&ast)an are %)ara%teriHed $( a %)arming mi; %olor and an e;oti% aura t)at %an daHHle an( onloo0er. No -onder1 a tra'el to Ra&ast)an is on t)e agenda of e'er( se%ond tra'eler (ou -ill %ome a%ross in ,ndia. ,ndeed1 t)is is t)e magi% of Ra&ast)an t)at dra-s )ordes of 'isitors -it) its un%on'entional $eaut( and 'i$rant presen%e. =)en it %omes to listing t)e tourist attra%tions in Ra&ast)an1 it %an sometimes add up as a toug) tas0. ,ndeed1 t)e list is so long t)at it is almost impossi$le to in%lude t)em all in a s)ort tour. Fo-e'er1 it %an safel( $e said t)at t)e tourist attra%tions in Ra&ast)an are trul( an e;tension of its people and t)e 'er( %ulture of t)e state. Rig)t from )istori%al forts and pala%es in %ities li0e Baipur1 C)ittorgar)1 Cdaipur and Bod)pur to t)e $eautiful temples of Mount A$u1 Ra&ast)an indeed teems -it) tourist attra%tions of 'aried t(pes. Kou %an also add to it some important -ildlife reser'es li0e Rant)am$ore1 Eeoladeo Bird "an%tuar( and "aris0a. T)e desert t)at is so important a part of Ra&ast)an also figures among t)e main tourist attra%tions of t)e state. ,n fa%t1 man( -)o tra'el to Ra&ast)an ,ndia are 0een to tr( out desert safaris t)at ma( $e a little strenuous $ut ne'ert)eless )elp understand t)e $eaut( of t)e T)ar Desert and its in)erent romanti% appeal in a ne'er $efore manner.

##

Ra&ast)an1 ,ndia is indeed a 0aleidos%opi% mi; of attra%tions t)at simpl( a-e and delig)t at t)e same time. Do ta0e out time to 'isit t)is fas%inating state t)at is indeed an e;perien%e (ou must li'e at least on%e in a lifetime.

1$ Fo&%s *n' P*+*)es in R*7*s%3*n


A land of Dorts and Pala%es1 t)e state of Ra&ast)an in ,ndia is a traditional desert 0ingdom replete -it) sand dunes1 -ooded )ills and amaHing la0es1 magnifi%ent pala%es and rugged forts1 men and -omen in %olorful tur$ans and s0irts1 $ustling %ities and /uiet 'illages1 %amels1 elep)ants and tigers. T)e Dorts and Pala%es in Ra&ast)an ran0 prime among t)e manifold tourist attra%tions in Ra&ast)an. Ra&ast)an )as till date retained t)e medie'al grandeur -onderfull( and t)e magnifi%ent Dorts and Pala%es in Ra&ast)an $ear ample testimon( to some of t)e finest %reations of Ra&put %i'iliHation. Plan a Tour to Ra&ast)an and mar'el at t)e magnifi%ent ar%)ite%ture manifested in t)e palatial pala%es and imposing forts of t)e state. Ra&ast)an Dorts and Pala%es allo- 'isitors to tra'el $a%0 in time to t)e $(gone era of Eings and Lueens and to e;perien%e t)e ro(al lu;ur( and %)arm of t)ose times. T)e Dorts and Pala%es in Ra&ast)an ,ndia s)o-%ase t)e glorious ar%)ite%tural )eritage of t)e state. Baipur1 Bod)pur1 Cdaipur1 Baisalmer1 Bi0aner and C)ittorgar) are t)e ma&or %ities -)ere a large %on%entration of t)e Dorts and Pala%es in Ra&ast)an are lo%ated. Most of t)ese monuments -ere $uilt as part of defense strategies1 to defend territories from t)e $eing atta%0ed $( enemies and also to gi'e s)ape to t)e immense passion of t)e rulers of (ester(ears to-ards art and ar%)ite%ture. T)e )istori%al forts and pala%es in Ra&ast)an are e'o%ati'e of t)e glor( and splendor of t)e an%ient past. Ruins of t)ese Ra&ast)an monuments )a'e %ontinued to fas%inate art lo'ers and )istorians for %enturies. Fig)l( re'ered for t)eir ar%)ite%tural splendor1 t)ese pala%es and forts o-e t)eir e;e%ution to t)e imagination of great rulers and emperors -)o dared to e;tend t)eir ideas to t)e fart)est limits of )uman t)oug)t. E'er( monument in Ra&ast)an is $uilt in a distin%ti'e %onstru%tional st(le and ar%)ite%ture.

#+

Dorts and Pala%es in Ra&ast)an )a'e not onl( -it)stood t)e ra'ages of time and onslaug)t of atta%0ing enemies1 t)e( )a'e graduall( in%ul%ated man( features of t)e %ultures t)at too0 s)elter in t)e region. T)ese are not mere stone and $ri%0 stru%tures1 $ut t)e( are t)e e;isting e;amples t)roug) t)e -alls of -)i%) -e %an tra'el $a%0 in time and unra'el t)e glorious )istor( of Ra&ast)an in ,ndia. T)e to-ering gates1 domes1 ar%)es1 %orridors and Ma)als of t)e Dorts and Pala%es in Ra&ast)an -ill transport (ou to t)e splendorous medie'al era and pro'ide a magnifi%ent insig)t into t)e li'es of t)e %)i'alrous Ra&put -arriors. "ome of t)e )istori%al forts and pala%es in Ra&ast)an )a'e $een %arefull( restored into lu;urious )eritage )otels1 0eeping inta%t t)e traditional -or01 %ar'ings1 dM%or and st(le of )ospitalit(. T)ese )otels -el%ome guests to s)are t)e glorious past of Ra&ast)an and parta0e of its present A t)e em$odiment of Ra&put )ospitalit(1 ro(al %omforts and aristo%rati% %uisines. T)e e;/uisite and pea%eful en'ironment of t)ese pala%es and forts offer an outAofAt)eA-orld e;perien%e of )istori% li'ing in Ro(al lu;ur(.

2$ !i+'+i8e To(&s in R*7*s%3*n


,ndia )as di'ersified landforms. Ra&ast)an )as uni/ue topograp)( of its o-n )a'ing a gleaming desert to a$undant forests1 rugged ro%0( terrains of t)e Ara'alis and t)e fres) -ater -etlands offering e;%ellent en'ironmental %onditions for t)e sur'i'al and gro-t) of a 'aried -ildlife. Apart from %olorful traditions and %ustoms1 Ra&ast)an is t)e )ome to man( $e-ildering forms of flora and fauna. Kou %an go on t)rilling -ildlife tours in Ra&ast)an to $e at fa%e to fa%e -it) man( uni/ue and $eautiful -ildlife spe%ies. E;plore t)e -ild &ungles and forests of Ra&ast)an on =ildlife Tours in Ra&ast)an. T)ere are man( famous -ildlife national par0s and -ildlife san%tuaries in Ra&ast)an. Dis%o'er -ild %reatures and e;plore nature tra%ts in)a$ited $( rare $irds on =ildlife Tours in Ra&ast)an. Fold (our $reat) -)en (ou see a ro(al tiger pro-ling in &ungle1 elep)ants trampling t)eir -a( t)roug) t)e tall grass or e;oti% $irds %)irping. Alt)oug) t)ere are se'eral national par0s and san%tures in Ra&ast)an $ut prominent ones are "aris0a =ildlife "an%tuar(1 Rant)am$ore National Par01 B)aratpur Bird "an%tuar(1 Desert

#!

National Par01 Darra) =ildlife "an%tur(1 and Mount A$u "an%tuar(. At Rant)am$ore National Par0 and "aris0a =ildlife "an%tuar(1 (ou %an spot tigers for -)i%) t)ese par0s are famous. Eeoladeo 2)ana National Par0 or B)aratpur $ird san%tuar( is reno-ned par0 as t)e nesting ground of )undreds of 'arieties of $irds. Besides1 it )ouses se'eral small -ildlife san%tuaries and e%oAtourism par0s (spe%ial area mar0ed as -ildlife reser'es) Kou %an surel( admire t)e di'ersit( in -ildlife offered $( t)e nature at -ildlife tours in Ra&ast)an. Tigers1 pant)ers1 sam$ar1 C)in0ara1 $ison1 Bla%0 $u%0s1 t)e rare desert fo;1 antelopes1 deer1 -ild $oars1 monitor liHards1 t)e endangered %ara%al and man( more %an $e spotted at -ild life tours to Ra&ast)an. A great 'ariet( of migrator( $irds in%luding rare "i$erian %ranes1 flo%0 to Ra&ast)an during -inters. Desert National Par0 teeming great 'ariet( of in%luding %)in0ara1 )are1 desert fo;1 $la%0 $u%01 -olf1 and desert %ats. Mount A$u is t)e san%tuar( lo%ated in Mount and is spread o'er t)e gorgeous Ara'alli range of mountains. Kou %an )a'e 'arious safaris to %)oose from to full( en&o( t)e -ildlife tour in Ra&ast)an. Kou %an opt for a &eep safari or an elep)ant ride and see -ildlife %reatures in t)eir natural )a$itats. Kou %an sta( in resorts and guest)ouses1 -)i%) ma0es (our sta( as %omforta$le as possi$le in &ungle. Dood is simple (et energeti% as needed for a safari.

.$ H*6e+is in R*7*s%3*n
Tu%0ed a-a( in t)e Ara'allis1 Ra&ast)an is t)e land of ro(al grandeur and ri%) ar%)ite%tural )eritage. Drom $eautifull( %rafted and designed mansions to t)e intri%ate art-or01 Ra&ast)an is surel( t)e destination of grand and $eautiful Fa'elis. ,ndian)olida(.%om offers online information on Fa'elis in Ra&ast)an and ot)er tourist attra%tions of Ra&ast)an and ot)er parts of ,ndia. Colorful1 magnifi%ent and grand t)e Fa'elis in Ra&ast)an $ring t)e %)arm and grandeur of t)e $(gone Ra&put era. "pread t)roug) spra-ling a%res t)ese Fa'elis in Ra&ast)an on%e $elonged to t)e erst-)ile rulers1 -ealt)( mer%)ants and &agirdars -)i%) )a'e treasured in its -alls t)e medie'al aura as -ell as t)e art and %ultural )eritage of Ra&ast)an.

#.

Drom Baipur to Baisalmer and from Bi0aner to Bod)pur t)ese %olorful Fa'elis in Ra&ast)an remind us of t)e glor( and splendor of t)e (ester(ears. Tourists often plan t)eir tour to Ra&ast)an to get a glimpse of t)ese Fa'elis in Ra&ast)an. On%e t)e residential pala%es of t)e Ma)ara&as or t)e T)a0urs1 t)ese Fa'elis no- stand as imposing stru%tures in t)e )eart of t)e desert state of Ra&ast)an. Drom t)e Mug)als to t)e Findus and from t)e ")e0)a-ats to t)e -ealt)( 2oen0as1 ea%) Fa'eli e;pli%itl( refle%ts t)e %lass and grandeur of its o-ner. T)ese are palatial mansions -)i%) ma0e Ra&ast)an one of t)e most interesting destinations for t)e tourists. A pla%e for t)e Ra&puts1 t)e Fa'elis in Ra&ast)an trul( gi'es t)e essen%e of Ra&put e;%ellen%e1 taste and splendor t)roug) t)ese Fa'elis. One of t)e most artisti%all( enri%)ed destination1 t)e Fa'elis in Ra&ast)an are some of t)e most $eautiful %reations. Adorned $( murals1 intri%ate art-or01 paintings1 t)ese Fa'elis are t)e store )ouse of anti/ue o$&e%ts and memora$ilia used during t)e medie'al period. "o from s-ords to %ro-ns and 0ing siHe $eds to saddles1 t)e Fa'elis in Ra&ast)an spea0 'olumes a$out t)e ri%) lifest(le of t)e Ma)ara&as. T)e Fa'elis in Ra&ast)an s)o-s t)at t)e Ra&puts -ere e;%ellent $uilders and t)eir st(le of ar%)ite%ture -as /uite different from t)e Mug)al ar%)ite%ture. *o%ated in t)e arid Hones of t)e Ara'allis1 t)ese pala%es1 forts and Fa'elis a%%entuated t)e $eaut( of t)e desert %it( of Ra&ast)an. Drom ar%)ite%tural $rillian%e to magnifi%en%e and splendor t)e Fa'elis in Ra&ast)an are trul( t)e perfe%t destination for e'er( tourist. Toda( man( of t)e Fa'elis in Ra&ast)an ,ndia )a'e $een refur$is)ed into t)e )eritage )otels in Ra&ast)an -)ere (ou %an en&o( a ro(al retreat on (our tour to Ra&ast)an. T)ese Fa'elis )a'e maintained t)eir 'intage %)arm and dM%or and re%reates t)e medie'al am$ien%e e'er(-)ere. "o e;plore t)e different tourist attra%tions of Manda-a and en&o( (our tour to Ra&ast)an.

4$ Mon(1en%s in R*7*s%3*n
T)e desert state of Ra&ast)an in ,ndia )as some of t)e most $eautiful and e'o%ati'e monuments in t)e -orld. Ra&ast)an retains t)e medie'al grandeur and t)e magnifi%ent pala%es1 $eautiful and ri%)l( s%ulptured temples1 and imposing monuments in Ra&ast)an $ear testimon( to some of t)e finest %reations of Ra&put %i'iliHation. T)e an%ient

#9

Monuments in Ra&ast)an ran0 prime among t)e manifold tourist attra%tions of t)e state. T)ese an%ient pala%es and mansions dra- )oards of tourists to Ra&ast)an from all around t)e -orld. Rig)t from t)e formida$le forts to fas%inating pala%es and from t)e )uge 4)a'elis4 (mansions) to t)e magnifi%ent temples1 t)e monuments in Ra&ast)an ,ndia add to t)e magneti% %)arm of t)e state. =idel( 0no-n for t)eir ar%)ite%tural splendor1 t)ese monuments o-e t)eir e;e%ution to t)e imagination of great rulers of t)e past -)o dared to e;tend t)eir ideas to t)e fart)est limits of )uman t)oug)t. A Monuments Tour to Ra&ast)an $rings out t)e true essen%e of Ra&put pride1 roman%e1 %ulture and glor(. T)e monuments in Ra&ast)an re'er$erate -it) )istor( of )eroism and sa%rifi%e and t)e( are li'ing e;amples of t)e ro(al $(gone era of t)e state. T)ese )eritage $uildings trul( depi%t t)e aest)eti% sense of t)e medie'al Ra&put -arriors. T)e Monuments in Ra&ast)an ,ndia are e;emplar( em$odiments of t)e glorious ar%)ite%tural )eritage of t)e state. Ruins of t)ese Ra&ast)an monuments )a'e %ontinued to fas%inate art lo'ers and all 0inds of tra'elers for %enturies. Baipur1 Bod)pur1 Cdaipur1 Baisalmer1 Bi0aner and C)ittorgar) are t)e ma&or %ities -)ere a large %on%entration of t)e Monuments in Ra&ast)an is lo%ated. Fo-e'er1 e'en t)e smaller and remote to-ns and 'illages $oast of suffi%ient monumental )eritage to ent)rall tourists. ,n fa%t1 t)ese lessAfamous destinations need to $e e;plored more in order to gain an in dept) insig)t into t)e )istor( and %ulture of Ra&ast)an. Ea%) of t)e monuments in Ra&ast)an narrates a distin%ti'e stor( from t)e folds of its )istor(. Most of t)e monuments in Ra&ast)an are inlaid -it) intri%ate art -or0. E'o%ati'e of t)e s%ulpting and ar%)ite%tural e;%ellen%e of t)e an%ient Ra&puts1 t)ese monuments refle%t t)e lo'e of opulen%e and $eaut( in t)e )earts of t)e an%ient Ra&puts. T)e ar%)ite%tural st(le refle%ted in man( of t)ese monuments is entirel( Ra&putana1 -)ile some e;)i$it a fine $lend -it) ot)er st(les1 espe%iall( Mug)al. T)e e;/uisite interior dM%or at Ra&ast)an monuments1 %omplete -it) paintings1 mirror -or01 portraits1 %ar'ings1 et% add to t)e pi%ture perfe%t $eaut( of t)ese sites. T)oug) most of t)e monuments in Ra&ast)an ga'e s)ape to t)e immense passion of t)e rulers of (ester(ears to-ards art and ar%)ite%ture1 (et t)e( )ad some reall( 'ital purpose for t)eir %onstru%tion li0e defensi'e1 religious and a%%ommodation. =it) its golden sands1 a-eAinspiring $astions1 an%ient )a'elis1 %amel safaris and magneti% %)arm1 Ra&ast)an in'ites (ou to %ome and see0 )istori% se%rets from -it)in t)e pre%in%ts of its

#:

monuments. Jisit t)e monuments in Ra&ast)an and (ou -ill surel( $e %apti'ated $( t)eir e;/uisite %)arm and )eritage. Jisit t)e follo-ing lin0s to 0no- all a$out t)e Monuments in Ra&ast)an ,ndia.

9$ Re+i/io(s P+*)es in R*7*s%3*n


Ra&ast)an in ,ndia is t)e 'i$rant land of %olor and ro(alt(. Ra&ast)an resound t)e pure and $eautiful melodies of )(mns1 sung -it) lo'e and de'otion. T)e land is $esto-ed -it) a ri%) %ulture and )eritage t)at spreads all around. T)e religious pla%es in Ra&ast)an are not onl( pla%es of -ors)ip $ut also monuments of great artisti% $eaut(.

Religious Pla%es in Ra&ast)an e'o0e a pure feeling of )armon( and dignit(. A num$er of tourists a%ross t)e glo$e 'isit t)ese pla%es and get mesmeriHed $( its %)arm and aura. T)e grand ar%)ite%tural edifi%es ma0e one feel t)at eternit( )as $een preser'ed $( mortal men1 -)o )a'e $uilt stunning ar%)ite%tural -onders to a%t as pla%es of -ors)ip. T)e 'arious Ra&ast)an religious pla%es $elong to different fait)s -)i%) pro'ide a perfe%t e;emple of %ommunal )armon(. Ra&ast)an is mainl( 'isited $e%ause of its splendid forts and pla%es $ut at t)e same time toda( Ra&ast)an attra%ts t)ousands of de'otees1 pilgrims and lo'ers of art from all %orners of t)e -orld to mar'el at t)e -onders of ar%)ite%ture1 %raftsmans)ip and de'otion. T)e sa%red pilgrim %entres in Ra&ast)an are not onl( %onsidered as pla%es of -ors)ip $ut are also e;emplar( of great artisti% $eaut(. T)e darga) ")arif is t)e sa%red pla%e -)ere Muslim saint E)a&-a Moinudin C)is)ti lies $uried1 dra-s pilgrims and de'otees from all parts of t)e ,slami% -orld. But )is admirers toda( %ome from all religions as t)e Darga) ")arif is a )ol( pla%e -)ere -is)es are fulfilled. T)e temple of ")rinat)&i or *ord Eris)na1 dedi%ated to t)e Jais)na' religion is situated at Nat)d-ara1 .8 0ms nort) of Cdaipur. As t)ousands of tourists and pilgrims from all parts of t)e -orld pass t)e )aug)t( mountains and pea%eful la0es of Cdaipur1 it is a must tour itinerar( to

#7

'isit t)is sa%red religious pla%e in Ra&ast)an. ,n t)e temple1 ens)rined is an e;%eptional image of *ord Eris)na1 -)i%) )as $een s%ulptured from a single pie%e of $la%0 mar$T)e Rana0pur Bain

temples -ere $uilt during t)e period of t)e li$eral and gifted monar%) Rana Eum$)a in t)e #9t) %entur(. ,t is seen t)at t)e entire temple %omple; is en%losed -it)in a -all. T)e ma&or 4C)amu0)a4 temple is dedi%ated to t)e trit)an0ara Ris)a$deo&i and a fourAfa%ed image is ens)rined in t)e inner san%tum1 open on all four sides. T)ere are man( religious pla%es in Ra&ast)an -)i%) s)ould not missed -)ile tours to Ra&ast)an. ,t -ill gi'e (ou an insig)t to t)e ri%) %ulture and )eritage of ,ndia.

:$ Te1-+es - Pi+/&i1*/e in R*7*s%3*n


Ra&ast)an in ,ndia is t)e 'i$rant land of %olor and ro(alt(. Ra&ast)an resound t)e pure and $eautiful melodies of )(mns1 sung -it) lo'e and de'otion. T)e land is $esto-ed -it) a ri%) %ulture and )eritage t)at spreads all around. T)e religious pla%es in Ra&ast)an are not onl( pla%es of -ors)ip $ut also monuments of great artisti% $eaut(.

Religious Pla%es in Ra&ast)an e'o0e a pure feeling of )armon( and dignit(. A num$er of tourists a%ross t)e glo$e 'isit t)ese pla%es and get mesmeriHed $( its %)arm and aura. T)e grand ar%)ite%tural edifi%es ma0e one feel t)at eternit( )as $een preser'ed $( mortal men1 -)o )a'e $uilt stunning ar%)ite%tural -onders to a%t as pla%es of -ors)ip.

T)ere are man( religious pla%es in Ra&ast)an -)i%) s)ould not missed -)ile tours to Ra&ast)an. ,t -ill gi'e (ou an insig)t to t)e ri%) %ulture and )eritage of ,ndia.

#8

C(+%(&e o8 R*7*s%3*n
Ra&ast)an )as a 'i$rant %ulture and a t)ousandA(earAold )eritage. T)e offi%ial language of t)e state is Findi $ut t)e primar( spo0en language is Ra&ast)ani. T)ere are )o-e'er de'iations a%%ording to 'arious regions. Dor instan%e1 Mal-i in "out)AEast Ra&ast)an1 Mo-ati in Nort) East Ra&ast)an and Baipuri in t)e eastern part of t)e state to name &ust a fe-.

T)e musi% and dan%e s%ene is 'i$rant -it) ea%) region )a'ing its o-n $rand of entertainment. Cdaipur4s 2)oomar dan%e1 2air 2)oomer dan%e of t)e B)eel tri$als1 t)e fire dan%e of Basnat)is to name &ust a fe- of t)e popular dan%es of Ra&ast)an. As far as musi% is %on%erned $ot) de'otional as -ell as festi'e musi% re%itals are performed and instruments in%lude $ot) stringedand t)e autop)oni% instruments along -it) per%ussion. T)e "arangi1 &antar and E0tara are some of Ra&ast)an4s most popular musi%al instruments.

Ra&ast)an is reno-ned for its $eautiful )and em$roider(. T)e Nari1 $agaru1 sanganeer along -it) $lo%01 tie and die prints are -orld famous and earns a good amount of foreign e;%)ange for ,ndia as e;port items and %ommodities. ,t is also famous for its 0undan and gold &e-eller(1 patari %raft-or0 and $rass-or0 and stone engra'ings. Ra&ast)ani Band)ini sarees and t)e /uintessential Bod)pur s)oes )a'e $ot) %ar'ed a ni%)e for t)emsel'es.

Ra&ast)an is t)e ri%)est state in ,ndia as far as art and )andi%rafts are %on%erned. ,t is $elie'ed t)at t)e s)eer desolate and $arren lands%ape of t)e state )as made its people to $e more %reati'e -)i%) is ampl( refle%ted in t)eir dress pattern. Men are dressed in full slee'ed s)irts -it) a potia on t)eir )ead. During t)e festi'als1 t)e( -ere %)uridar and p(&amas along -it) a %olorful tur$an. T)e tur$an %an $e an indi%ator to ones %lass and so%ial status. =omen are at t)e daHHling $est -it) t)eir 2)agra1 Ean%)uli and Orni1 surma in t)eir e(es1 me)endi in t)eir palms1 gorgeous nose ring1 ear rings and ne%0la%es all of -)i%) ma0es t)em loo0 a$solutel( stunning in t)e $a%0drop of t)e desolate desert lands%ape.

#6

As far as paintings are %on%erned1 t)e Ra&ast)ani miniature paintings %an $e found in pala%es. ,n %ertain old and )istori% to-ns in t)e interiors of Ra&ast)an4s ")e0)a-ati region1 paintings and e;/uisite fres%oes %an $e seen adorning t)e parapets of e'en t)e )uts. T)e( e;ude -it) a ri%) sense of )umor. T)e paintings found in t)e pala%es are parti%ularl( e'o%ati'e of *ord Eris)na4s legends.

Puppets or 5Eat)puttlis5 as t)e( are referred to in t)e lo%al parlan%e are an integral part of Ra&ast)an4s fol0 entertainment. T)e puppets are gorgeousl( designed and t)roug) puppet s)o-s1 )istori%al legends and m(t)ologies to modern da( issues li0e edu%ation for t)e girl %)ild and %)ild la$our are )ig)lig)ted during festi'als and 'illage fairs.

Ra&ast)an )as its usual ,ndian festi'als $ut t)e ones to -at%) out for are t)e 2angaur and Tee& Desti'als -)ere marital and %on&ugal $liss is t)e primar( signifi%an%e of t)e festi'ities. T)ere is also t)e -orld famous Pus)0ar %attle fair and t)e Baisalmer Desert Desti'al -)i%) are )ugel( popular -it) foreign tourists.

,n Ra&ast)an1 fairs and festi'als are %ele$rated -it) great pomp and grandeur. Dor instan%e1 t)e Baisalmer Desert Desti'al is a riot of %olors -it) de'otional songs1 dan%e and fol0 musi%. Colorful pro%essions and ta$leaus are ta0en out. T)e pulsating $)angra and sti%0 dan%e1 $ull fig)t1 mousta%)e %ompetition and fire-or0s at nig)t all ma0e for a trul( e;oti% sig)t.

+@

R*7*s%3*ni D*n)es

A great attra%tion of Ra&ast)an is t)e Ra&ast)ani dan%es. Bringing ali'e t)e T)ar Desert of Ra&ast)an1 t)e dan%ers present a -ide 'ariet( of amaHing dan%es. Ea%) and e'er( region of Ra&ast)an )as its o-n uni/ue st(le. Mostl(1 all t)e dan%ers in Ra&ast)an are %arr(ing for-ard t)eir ageAold traditions as -ell as professions. All t)ese dan%ers1 along -it) t)eir amaHing dan%es and %olorful %ostumes ma0e T)ar t)e $rig)test desert in t)e -orld. "ome t(pi%al forms of Ra&ast)an Dol0 Dan%es are G3oo1*&- A %ommunit( dan%e for -omen performed on auspi%ious o%%asions. G*i&- Performed onl( $( t)e men fol0 on t)e festi'al of Foli. C3*&i- ,t is a dan%e in -)i%) pots are $alan%ed on t)e )ead1 along -it) a lig)ted lamp. ,t is generall( performed on t)e o%%asions of marriage or on t)e $irt) of a male %)ild. *+2e+i*- T)e sna0e %)armers of Ra&ast)an1 0no-n as t)e Eal$elia tri$e1 perform t)is dan%e. Te&*3 T**+i- ,t is anot)er traditional dan%e of Ra&ast)an performed -it) #! man&iras. ,t is a 0ind of ritual for Ba$a Ramde' *%3-(%+i- ,t is a 0ind of puppet dan%e. O%3e&D*n)es- Ot)er fol0 dan%e forms of Ra&ast)an in%lude Rai0a1 B)oria1 Ea%))i 2)odi1 Dire dan%e1 Drum dan%e1 et%

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R*7*s%3*nC(isine

Cuisines of Ra&ast)an

)a'e

$een

greatl( influen%ed $( t)e %limate of t)e state as -ell as t)e -ar %onditions1 -)i%) -ere /uite fre/uent. Be%ause of inade/uate -ater1 la%0 of green 'egeta$les and ot)er pro$lems asso%iated -it) t)e %limate1 Ra&ast)ani %uisine de'eloped a st(le of its o-n1 to suit t)e %onditions. *ong lasting food1 not re/uiring an( )eating1 e'ol'ed $e%ause of t)e fre/uent -ars foug)t $( t)e state. Fo-e'er1 in spite of all t)e limitations1 traditional food of Ra&ast)an1 ,ndia is as deli%ious as an( ot)er %uisine. Bust li0e t)e arts and %rafts of t)e state1 t)e food -as also %onsidered as anot)er form of art. Comple; and e;/uisite met)odolog( -as used in t)e preparation of food for t)e ro(alt(. T)e ro(al %oo0s1 -)o )andled t)e food of t)e ro(als1 passed on t)e re%ipes to t)e %oming generations. Numerous additions -ere made to t)e original re%ipes. T)is led to t)e e'olution of t)e Ra&ast)ani %uisine of t)e present da( -orld. ,n Baisalmer1 Barmer and Bi0aner1 t)e desert $elt1 mil01 $uttermil0 and $utter is used in pla%e of t)e s%ar%e -ater. Also in t)e Ma)es)a-ari %oo0ing1 mango po-der is e;tensi'el( used to su$stitute t)e s%ar%e tomatoes. Mostl(1 pure g)ee is used in t)e Ra&ast)ani preparations. T)e most famous %uisines of Ra&ast)an are s-eetened). %ereal)" Ma-a Ea%)ori (Bod)pur spe%ialt() 2)e'ar (Baipur spe%ialt() ++ Com$ination of dal (lentils)1 $ati ($a0ed -)eat $all) and %)urma (s-eetened *apsi (s-eet dis) prepared -it) $ro0en -)eat (dalia)1 sautMed in g)ee and

*anguages of Ra&ast)an
T)e primaril( spo0en language of Ra&ast)an is Findi. Fo-e'er1 -)en t)e state of Ra&ast)an -as founded1 a num$er of prin%el( states -ere merged. T)is led to t)e emergen%e of different diale%ts in t)e lo%al languages of Ra&ast)an. T)e four main diale%ts of Ra&ast)ani language are M*&;*&i T)e Mar-ari diale%t is mainl( spo0en in t)e -estern Ra&ast)an. ,n fa%t1 Mar-ari is t)e most -idel( spo0en diale%t in Ra&ast)an. J*i-(&i<D3(n'3*&i ,n t)e east and sout)east regions of Ra&ast)an1 t)e Baipuri diale%t is spo0en. Also 0no-n as D)und)ari1 t)is diale%t forms is spo0en $( t)e ma;imum num$er of Ra&ast)anis1 after Mar-ari.

M*+6i<M*+;i T)e people of t)e sout)east region spea0 in t)e Mal'i (Mal-i) diale%t1 apart from Baipuri. T)is diale%t %o'ers t)e Mal-a tra%t i.e.1 ,ndore1 B)opal1 Mandsor and t)e C&&ain area. Me;*%i ,n Al-ar and t)e surrounding region1 Me-ati diale%t is )ea'il( used. ,t is some-)at li0e t)e Bra& $)as)a spo0en in B)aratpur distri%t. Apart from t)ese ma&or diale%ts1 a num$er of ot)er diale%ts are also spo0en in Ra&ast)an. "ome of t)ese are Farauti1 Eis)angar)i and so on. Fo-e'er1 Englis) is also -idel( understood in Ra&ast)an. Kou also get guides and translators in Ra&ast)an spea0ing foreign languages li0e 2erman1 Dren%)1 C)inese1 Bapanese1 et%.

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Re+i/ions in R*7*s%3*n
Bust li0e ,ndia1 Ra&ast)an %omprises of a num$er of religions. Drom t)e predominant Finduism to t)e little less present C)ristianit(1 Ra&ast)an is a %ultural and religious mi;ture of sorts. T)e main religions of Ra&ast)an1 ,ndia are Hin'(is1 Of all t)e Ra&ast)an religions1 t)e predominant one is Finduism. T)is religion %onsists in t)e -ors)ip of Bra)ma1 ")i'a1 ")a0ti1 Jis)nu1 and ot)er gods and goddesses. Along -it) Finduism1 t)ere is also Ar(a "ama& (a reforming se%t of modern Finduism). "ome of t)e famous Findu religious pla%es in Ra&ast)an are A Nat)d-ara1 E0ling&i ")i'a Temple1 Birla Mandir (temple)1 2o'ind De'&i Temple1 Bra)ma Temple and so on. Is+*1 T)e e;pansion of ,slam in Ra&ast)an started -it) t)e %on/uest of A&mer $( Muslim in'aders in t)e late #+t) %entur(. A&mer -as1 in fa%t1 t)e )ead/uarters of E)-a&a) MoinAudADin "alim C)is)ti1 t)e Muslim missionar(. T)ere is also )is famous darga) in A&mer1 0no-n as 5C)is)ti 0i Darga)5 J*inis1 Anot)er important and -idel( follo-ed religion in Ra&ast)an is Bainism. T)e main follo-ers of t)is religion in%lude t)e trading %lass and t)e -ealt)( se%tion of so%iet(. T)e famous religious pla%es of Bains in Ra&ast)an in%lude Ossian Bain Temples1 Dil-ara Bain Temples1 Rana0pur Bain Temple and so on. D*'(-*n%3i Anot)er religious se%t of Ra&ast)an in%ludes t)e Dadupant)is. T)e( are t)e follo-ers of Dadu1 -)o prea%)ed t)e e/ualit( of all men1 stri%t 'egetarianism1 total a$stinen%e from into;i%ating li/uor1 and lifelong %eli$a%(. Si=3is1 O'er t)e (ears1 t)e num$er of "i0)s in Ra&ast)an )as in%reased to a %onsidera$le e;tent.

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R*7*s%3*n Je;e++e&,

Ra&ast)an &e-eller( %ounts amongst t)e $est in t)e -orld. ,nfa%t1 t)e state is /uite popular for its &e-eller( industr( and is one of t)e -orld4s largest %anters for )and %utting of gems. ,t also ser'es as an important sour%e of pre%ious and semi pre%ious stones in ,ndia. Ru$(1 Emerald1 2arnets1 Agate1 Amet)(st1 TopaH1 *apis laHuli1 Carnelian1 et% %ount amongst t)e finest gems of Ra&ast)an1 ,ndia. T)e most famous mar0et of Ra&ast)ani gems & &e-eller( is t)e Bo)ari BaHaar Mar0et of Baipur. ,nfa%t1 it ran0s amongst t)e most e;%lusi'e &e-elr( mar0ets in t)e -orld. "ome of t)e ma&or -or0s of Ra&ast)an are A Si+6e& Je;e++e&,-Rig)t from )ead$ands to t)e an0lets1 ea%) and e'er( sil'er item is made in Ra&ast)an. "*) B*n/+es- Made from molten *a'a1 *a% Bangles are a spe%ialt( of Ra&ast)an. (n'*n -,t is art of setting stones in gold. T)e %ities famous for Eundan -or0 are Bi0aner and Bod)pur. Min*=*&i -,t is t)e art of enameling in gold and sil'er for ot)er metal. T)e %ities famous for Mina0ari -or0 are Baipur1 Nat)d-ara and Pratapgar). Apart from t)ese1 Ra&ast)an is also famous for un%ut diamonds1 emeraldA%utting and T)e-a (gold -or0 on glass). "ome of t)e traditional ornaments a'aila$le in Ra&ast)an are Ra0)di ()ead ornament) and 2o0)rus ($ra%elets)

+9

Tussi (ne%0la%e) and Ada) (spe%ial ne%0la%e -orn $( Ra&puts) Ba&u Band) (armlet) and Pajebs (anklets)

Me3n'i o8 R*7*s%3*n

Me)ndi or Fenna1 applied on t)e )ands or feet of females1 is /uite popular in ,ndia. Out of t)e 'arious t(pes of me)ndi a'aila$le in ,ndia1 t)e me)ndi of Ra&ast)an is one of t)e most popular. Me)ndi is prepared $( grinding t)e dr( )enna lea'es into a 'er( fine po-der and t)en ma0ing a paste -it) -ater. T)is paste is t)en applied on t)e )ands and feet of females in t)e form of $eautiful designs1 -it) t)e )elp of mat%)sti%0s or %ones. After t)e me)ndi gets dr(1 it is remo'ed re'ealing t)e $eautiful designs on t)e s0in in red %olor. T)e Ra&ast)ani Me)endi is %onsidered to $e one of t)e $est $e%ause it lea'es t)e dar0est %olor of red on )ands and feet.

Dor t)is reason onl(1 t)e )enna of Ra&ast)an1 ,ndia is 'er( mu%) in demand for t)e $ridal me)ndi also. ,n Ra&ast)an1 Me)endi is put up on almost ea%) and e'er( o%%asion1 in a different design1 as it is %onsidered 'er( auspi%ious. One of t)e most popular designs in Ra&ast)an is t)e one %alled %)o-0. *iterall( meaning a %ourt(ard1 it is put up in 'arious forms1 ea%) form $eing suita$le for a different o%%asion. One design is applied at t)e time of t)e 2angaur fair1 anot)er at t)e time of Tee&1 (et anot)er for Foli and so on. Ot)er popular designs are %)opper (game of di%e1 s(m$oli% of marital lo'e)1 la)ri(a (-a'es)1 pan0)i or $ee&ani (meaning fan)1 et%.

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R*7*s%3*ni M(si)

Musi% pla(s a 'er( important role in t)e li'es of t)e Ra&ast)ani people. T)e l(ri%s are read in a prosai% st(le. ,n t)e Ra&ast)ani musi%1 t)e emp)asis is more on poetr(1 rat)er t)an t)e melod(. Fo-e'er1 t)e poetr( gains meaning onl( -)en a%%ompanied $( Ra&ast)an fol0 musi%. T)e traditional musi% of Ra&ast)an is designed for ea%) and e'er( e'ent li0e festi'als1 rituals1 famil( affairs1 seasons1 et%. Ra&ast)ani -omen mostl( sing t)e pani)ari st(le1 i.e. mainl( a$out -ater. ,t %enters on t)e routine mundane life of a -omen1 of -)i%) a ma&or part is spent around t)e -ells. T)is is $e%ause of t)e s%ar%it( of -ater in t)e desert area of Ra&ast)an. T)e ot)er su$&e%ts %o'ered $( t)e songs of -omen in%lude a %)an%e en%ounter -it) a lo'er or $ad mout)ing mot)erAinAla- or sisterAinAla-1 et%.

"ome fol0 songs of Ra&ast)an are dedi%ated to t)e 'arious deities. T)e( in%lude t)e religious songs of Ea$irdas1 Meera$ai1 "urdas1 et%. A num$er of %ommunities in Ra&ast)an )a'e follo-ed t)e profession of singing for t)e entertainment of ot)ers. Among t)em1 t)e prominent ones are t)e D)olis ($ot) Findus and Muslims)1 D)ad)is1 Mirasis1 Mangamars1 Dedalis1 Eala-ats and La--als1 Tangas1 Patars and Ean%)ari (Findu and Muslim prostitutes)1 Nats1 Ra-als and B)a-ais. T)e fol0 songs normall( $egan -it) an alap1 setting t)e tune of t)e song. After t)at1 follo-s t)e re%ital of t)e %ouplet (doo$a). *ending a 'arian%e to t)e tune are t)e taan1 t)e pit%) and t)e

+7

ti$ias. Anot)er tradition of Ra&ast)an is t)e Ballad ($ards singing )eroi% tales of t)e fol0 )eroes and legendar( lo'ers).

Peo-+e o8 R*7*s%3*n

A%%ording to t)e %ensus of +@@#1 t)e population of Ra&ast)an is 9:.9 million. T)ere is a $irt) $ased %aste s(stem in Ra&ast)an. Fo-e'er1 t)e %ast s(stem no- does not de%ide t)e profession of a person1 lea'ing )imO)er -it) t)e %areer of %)oi%e. T)e people of Ra&ast)an are di'ided into 'arious %astes and su$A%astes. A signifi%ant portion of t)e population of Ra&ast)an $elongs to t)e Ra&put %lan. Ra&puts -ere t)e former rulers of t)e prin%el( state of Ra&ast)an. E'en toda(1 Ra&ast)an a$ounds in t)e legends of t)eir $ra'er( and %)i'alr(. Ra&puts follo- t)e Jedi% religion and -ors)ip "ur(a (sun)1 *ord ")i'a and *ord Jis)nu. Apart from t)e predominant Ra&puts1 t)e ot)er %astes found amongst Ra&ast)ani people are B&*31ins
Bra)mins are a group of priestl( people. T)e( )a'e t)e main o%%upation of -ors)ipping and

performan%e of religious rites. >*is3,* T)e $usiness %ommunit( is generall( referred to as t)e Jais)(as. O%3e&C*s%es Apart from t)ese %astes1 t)ere are also a num$er of agri%ultural %astes in Ra&ast)an. Depending on agri%ulture for t)eir li'eli)ood1 t)ese people %ome under t)e %astes Bat1 2ur&ar1 Mali1 Eal'i1 et%. +8

A num$er of tri$es1 )a'ing t)eir o-n %ustoms and traditions1 are found in Ra&ast)an. Amongst t)e 'arious tri$es of Ra&ast)an1 ,ndia1 t)e most 0no-n one are . MinasOMina-ati (found in Al-ar1 Baipur1 B)aratpur and D)olpur) Meo and Ban&ara (t)e tra'eling tri$es) 2adia *o)ar (smit)s) B)ils (found in B)il-ara1 C)ittorgar)1 Dungarpur1 Bans-ara1 Cdaipur) 2rasia (found in Me-ar region) Eat)odi (found in Me-ar region) "a)ari(as (found in Eota region) Ra$aris (%attle $reeders1 found in Mar-ar region)

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P(--e%s o8 R*7*s%3*n

T)e puppets in Ra&ast)an are one of t)e popular sour%es of entertainment in t)e state. T)e art of puppetr( is pra%ti%ed $( a %ommunit( of agri%ultural la$orers of Ra&ast)an. Eno-n as t)e B)ats1 t)ese people )a'e $een asso%iated -it) Ra&ast)ani string puppetr( to %arr( for-ard t)eir traditional o%%upation. T)oug) t)e( $elong1 originall(1 to t)e Nagaur area in t)e Mar-ar region1 t)e( tra'el all t)roug) t)e %ountr(side to e;)i$it t)eir s0ills. Also 0no-n $( t)e name of t)e 50at)putli-alas51 t)e( usuall( perform t)e puppet s)o-s during t)e late e'enings.

,n t)e puppet s)o-s of Ra&ast)an t)ere are a num$er of -ooden dumm( dolls t)at are dressed up in $rig)t and %olor attires. T)ese puppets are atta%)ed -it) strings t)at t)e puppeteer uses to mo'e t)em around. A miniature stage is set up -it) t)e )elp of a %ot t)at is laid $( lengt). T)e puppeteer ta%0s )is puppets o'er a rope &oined to t)e upper legs of t)e %ots. T)e %ots are %o'ered -it) s)eets in order to %on%eal t)e puppeteer from t)e 'ie- of t)e pu$li%. Fe mo'es t)e &ointed lim$s of t)e puppets -it) t)e )elp of strings atta%)ed to ea%) of t)em. *oud $eats on t)e d)ola0 (a 0ind of drum) announ%e t)e starting of t)e puppet s)o-. T)roug)out t)e s)o-1 t)ere is )ooting and -)istling $( t)e puppeteers. Ea%) of t)e puppet s)o-s of Ra&ast)an )as a t)eme different from t)e ot)er. One of t)e most popular t)emes is t)at of t)e dialogues of Amar "ing) Rat)ore of Nagaur. T)e pla(s are usuall( narrated $( t)e female mem$ers of t)e troupe. T)e narration is a%%ompanied -it) appropriate songs and $eats on t)e

!@

drums t)at are in perfe%t )armon( -it) t)e mo'ements of t)e puppets. T)e s)o-s1 usuall( lasting one )our1 are en&o(ed $( people $elonging to all t)e age groups

R*7*s%3*n T&i2es

Ra&ast)an tri$als %onstitute around t-el'e per%ent of t)e total population of t)e state. T)e tri$es of Ra&ast)an1 ,ndia %onstitutes of mainl( B)ils and t)e Minas. ,nfa%t1 t)e( -ere t)e original in)a$itants of t)e area -)ere Ra&ast)an stands no-. Apart from t)ese main tri$es1 t)ere are also a num$er of smaller tri$es in Ra&ast)an. Fo-e'er all Ra&ast)an tri$es s)are %ertain %ommon traits1 t)e 'ariations $eing in t)eir %ostumes1 &e-elr(1 fair and festi'als1 et T)e main tri$es of Ra&ast)an1 ,ndia are B3i+s Around !6> of Ra&ast)an tri$als %omprises of t)e B)ils. Dominating in t)e Bans-ara area of Ra&ast)an1 t)e B)ils are $elie'ed to $e fine ar%)ers. ,nfa%t1 B)il $o-men e'en found a referen%e in t)e great epi%s Ma)a$arata and Rama(an. T)e B)ils -ere originall( food gat)erers. Fo-e'er1 -it) t)e passage of time1 t)e( )a'e ta0en up smallAs%ale agri%ulture1 %it( residen%e and emplo(ment. T)e ma&or festi'als of B)ils are t)e Banes)-ar fair ()eld near Dungarpur) and Foli. Min*s

T)e se%ond largest tri$al group of Ra&ast)an is t)at of t)e Minas. T)e original in)a$itants of t)e ,ndus Jalle( %i'iliHation1 Minas )a'e a tall1 at)leti% $uild -it) s)arp features1 large e(es1 t)i%0

!#

lips and a lig)t $ro-n %omple;ion. T)e( are found dominating t)e regions of ")e0)a-ati and eastern Ra&ast)an. Minas solemniHe marriage in t)e (ounger (ears of t)e %)ildren. G*'i,*"o3*&s 2adi(a *o)ars are -andering $la%0smit)s t)at are named after t)eir attra%ti'e $ullo%0 %arts %alled gadis. ,nitiall( a martial Ra&put tri$e1 t)e( left t)eir )omeland -)en Emperor A0$ar ousted Ma)arana Pratap from C)ittorgar). G*&*si*s 2arasias is a small Ra&put tri$e in)a$iting A$u Road area of sout)ern Ra&ast)an. S*3*&i,*s "a)ari(as1 t)e &ungle d-ellers1 is %onsidered as t)e most $a%0-ard tri$e in Ra&ast)an. Belie'ed to $e of B)il origin1 t)e( in)a$it t)e areas of Eota1 Dungarpur and "a-ai Mad)opur in t)e sout)east of Ra&ast)an. T)eir main o%%upations in%lude -or0ing as s)ifting %ulti'ators1 )unters and fis)ermen. D*1o&s Belonging to t)e Dungarpur and Cdaipur distri%ts1 Damors are mainl( %ulti'ators and manual la$orers. Ra&ast)an tri$es in%lude t)e follo-ing also Meo and Ban&ara (t)e tra'eling tri$es) Eat)odi (found in Me-ar region)

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R*7*s%3*n A&)3i%e)%(&e
T)e ma&esti% forts1 intri%atel( %ar'ed temples1 and de%orated )a'elis are part of t)e ar%)ite%tural )eritage of Ra&ast)an.Man( tourists 'isit Ra&ast)an to e;plore t)is traditional art. T)ese Dorts and Pala%es of Ra&ast)an. Ar%)ite%ture in Ra&ast)an represents man( different t(pes of $uildings1 -)i%) ma( $roadl( $e %lassed as se%ular and religious. T)e se%ular $uildings are of a mis%ellaneous order. T)e( in%lude to-ns1 'illages1 -ells1 gardens1 )ouses arid pala%es. All t)ese 0inds of $uildings -ere meant for pu$li% and %i'i% purposes. T)e forts are also in%luded in se%ular $uildings1 t)oug) t)e( -ere used for1 defense and militar( purposes. T)e $uildings of religious nature %onsist of t)ree 0inds P T)e Temples1 T)e Mos/ues and t)e Tom$s. Ta0ing t)e se%ular stru%ture first1 it s)ould $e noted t)at it %omprises a large series of $uildings so 'aried t)at no spe%ifi% des%ription is possi$le1 and t)e( -ill t)erefore $e dealt -it)in t)eir indi'idual %apa%it( or in group as t)e %ase ma( $e. >i++*/es T)e 'illages in Ra&ast)an -ere planned a%%ording to t)e natural topograp)( of different 0inds. ,n )ill( regions of 'illages %lung to )ill tops or dispersed o'er t)e upland areas. ,n plains t)e 'illages gre- up near ri'ers or springs. ,n t)is %ategor( t)e 'illages li0e Furra1 Malpura1 Ropa et%. ma( $e in%luded. ,n desert areas of Bi0aner and Baisalmer 'illages -ere planned in a s%attered state and laid far apart in small groups -it) -ater fa%ilities. T)e )uts -ere made out of mud t)at%)ed -it) stra-. T)e( usuall( )ad no -indo-s. T)e entran%e door -as lo- and simple. T)e )ouses of -ellAtoAdo farmers and artisans of large 'illages %onsisted of one or one or t-o rooms -it) a 'eranda) in front1 roofed -it) tiles1 and )a'ing a -ide %ourt(ard -it) on $ig entran%e door. To;n P+*nnin/ T)oug) Ra&ast)an -as essentiall( rural1 t)ere -ere also to-ns1 s%attered )ere and t)ere. T)ese to-ns -ere little more t)an large 'illages -)i%) gre- into to-ns)ips $( 'irtue of t)eir dimension and in%reased population. A%%ording to t)e tradition of to-nAplanning t)e( -ere -ellAprote%ted $( strong -alls and )ills. T)e( -ere also di'ided into -ards and t)e -ards -ere %onne%ted $( narro- streets and lanes. T)e temples1 -ells1 gardens and imposing pala%es also formed t)e parts of t)e to-ns. Again1 a%%ording to t)e prin%iples of to-nAplanning t)e main road of t)e to-ns s)ould )a'e s)ops of dealers in %lot)s1 armaments1 Be-eller(1 $etel1 fruits1 !!

flo-ers, garlands etc. on both side. T)e to-n of Am$er1 -)i%) flouris)ed a$out t)e #@ %entur( A.D. to t)e #7t) %entur( A.D.1 retains t)e glimpses of earl( mediae'al to-ns of Ra&ast)an. T)e a%%ount of Baisalmer preser'ed in t)e Baisal 2aHal of t)e #8t) %entur( s)o-s t)at t)ere -ere s)ops of sto%0 and e;%)ange in t)e %entral part of t)e to-n. A&mer1 -)i%) -as a flouris)ing to-n from t)e #7t) %entur( on-ard1 )ad -ide streets1 spa%ious temples1 deep -ells and la0e. T)e ma&or impro'ement of A&mer goes to A0$ar<s time -)o en%losed t)e %it( -it) strong ramparts and a moat. T)e %ontemporar( a%%ounts s)o- t)at $( t)e %lose our period of stud( Bod)pur gre- up into a good to-ns)ip $( t)e %onstru%tion of se'eral roads1 $aHaars1 temples1 -ells and reser'oirs. Bi0aner also de'eloped as a $ig to-n %onsisting of to-n -all1 pala%es1 forts1 $aHaars1 temples et%. T)e to-n of Cdaipur1 a%%ording to t)e %ontemporar( -ritings1 )ad long streets inter%onne%ted -it) lanes ea%) spe%ialiHing in some trade and %raft. ,t )ad also se'eral la0es1 pla%es and gardens -it)in and outside t)e to-n. T)e %it( of Baipur is famous in t)e -orld for its -onderful to-nA planning. P*+*)es
Manda, a celebrated architect of Maharana Kumbha, advises the construction of the palaces either in the center of the town or on some high elevation. According to him an ideal palace should consists of male and female apartments, assembl ! hall, dancing hall, treasur , store" house, kitchen, dinning"hall, a repositor of aims, etc. allocated at specific spots. #he Amber palaces, for e$ample, have been so planned that it seems as if the emerged from the valle . #he are in a form e$tensive castle on the hill with fortified palaces, swinging balconies and a long line of walls and towers. #he basic plan of these palaces, with their successive court ards, suites of two small rooms at both ends, a central hall, the verandah, narrow passages and enclosed open space in between, is t picall %ajput. Moreover the capitals and the doorwa s with sculptured peacock, elephants men and animals are perfectl after &indu st le. #he free and profuse use of colors and mirrors on the walls of apartments and on the ceilings reveal the %ajput love of bright color. #he palaces of 'aisalmer, modified b subse(uent generations, were surrounded b high turrets and battlements. )eparate suites of male ad female, together with numerous rooms for storing and other purpose, are t picall %ajput in character. *#he groups of residences, the balconies, the windows and the doorwa s have been so e$(uisitel carved as to form b themselves a treasure"house of %ajput art.+ *#he palace of ,undi, constructed about -./0 A.1. and added and altered b generations of builders, rises above the town in pinnacled terraces on the top of a hill. 2ts ill"arra ed and scattered suites of rooms belong to a special t pe of %ajput art of the earl mediaeval period.+

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GT)e Pala%e of Bod)pur51 %onstru%ted $et-een t)e #9t) and #8t) %enturies1 %ro-ns a ro%0( eminen%e guarded $( $astions1 ramparts and parapets. T)e fort -it) its smaller and regular ro-s of $uildings1 named as Moti Ma)al1 Date) Ma)al1 P)ul Ma)al1 ")is) Ma)al et%. gi'es t)e loo0 of %ompa%tness and solidit(. T)e guided %upolas1 %ar'ed panels1 intri%ate passage along -it) open 'eranda)s1 %alled %)opals1 in series are stri0ing e;amples of mediaeval %ajput
architecture.

GAs regards t)e old pala%e of Bi0anerQ1 dis%ussed $( us1 Gfounded a$out #.881 and $uilt a ne$( Rai "ing)1 per%)ed on ro%0( eminen%e %onsists of a range of pa'ilions1 to-ering o'er massi'e gate-a(. T)e inner apartments of %olored plaster are in a -a( selfA%onAtamed suite1 interA%onne%ted -it) t)e %ourt(ards and -it) small and e;tensi'e narro- steps and dar0 passages. =it)in t)e pala%e area t)ere are gardens1 temples1 sta$les and storeA)ouses of mediae'al t(pe1 of %ourse1 t)e pleasure garden1 %ar'ed %orni%es1 foliated ar%)es and latti%ed openings )a'e a touch of the Mughal st le. GT)e pala%e of Cdaipur1 founded in #996 A.D. $( Rana Cdai "ing) in t)e form of a small %itadel stands on t)e 'erge of e;tensi'e la0e surrounded $( )ills of a great $eaut(. ,t<s fluted turrets and pro&e%ting $al%onies1 supported on %ar'ed $ra%0ets1 are an e;ample of fine medie'al masonr( and unfold a memora$le 'ision of lo'eliness and %)arm so %onspi%uous in Findu art. T)e additions to it made $( Amar "ing)1 Earan "ing) and Ra& "ing) in t)e forms of Amar Jilas and Bari Ma)al -it) )alls and fountains1 slender %olumns and garden1 refle%t t)e influen%e of t)e Mug)al st(le. But in essen%e t)e entire plan and t)e apart mental ad&ustment toget)er toget)er -it) t)e diningA)alls1 pi%ture galler(1 treasur(1 Hoo1 sta$les1 store)ouse of gain1 arms1 musi%al instruments1 grass and -ater1 gi'es it t)e appearan%e of %ompa ctness as
suggested b Mandan.

Eota -as $eautified $( t)e %onstru%tion of a pala%e in t)e sout)ern e;tremit( o'erloo0ing t)e ri'er C)am$al1 o'er a )ig) ele'ation. T)e pala%e proper is an imposing pile of $uildings. T)e imposing gate-a( of t)e main pala%e1 an open %ourt(ard1 inner temple1 narro- passages1 t)e 0it%)en1 and t)e C)oupal depi%t Ra&put st(le -)ile )ig) perforated parapets1 t)e pa'ilion1 t)e Nenana pala%e1 dou$le pillars1 t)e Di-anA,AAm1 t)e Top0)ana and Daru0anaare most nearl( t)e reprodu%tion of t)e Mug)al t(pe. T)e outer $uildings are after the traditional fashion.+ T)e Am$er pala%e is surrounded $( a )ig) em$attled -all %ontaining -it)in it male and female apartments and /uarters for %ourtiers1 sta$les and t)e li0e. C)andra Ma)al1 Pritamni'as1 ")o$)ani'as1 "u0)ni'as1 ")ees) Ma)al1 et%.1 )as suites or apartments inter%onne%ted -it) %ourt(ards and %orridors after Ra&put fas)ion. ,t is interesting to note t)at t)e %ar'ed s%reens1

!9

$al%onies1 ar%)es and $ra%0ets are t)e delig)tful e;amples of Findu ar%)ite%ture. But t)e Di-anA,A0)as and t)e Di-anA,AAm -it) %olored %olumns and walls are of the Mughal st le. *i0e t)e pala%es1 t)e mansions of t)e no$les1 dignitaries and offi%ers of t)e "tates )ad also a spe%ifi% t(pe of ar%)ite%ture -it) loft( entran%e gate1 open %ourt(ards (inner and outer)1 en%losing -alls1 )alls and ad&oining rooms1 $al%onies and small -indo-s. Baimal and Pattas Ma)als of C)ittor and T)ala P Fa'eli of Eota are t(pi%al mansion of t)e period under re'ie-. Ne;t to t)e mansions %ome t)e )ouses of middle %lass and -ellAtoAdo people. T)e( also )a'e a t(pi%al pattern -it) %o'ered gate1 C)oupals1 open %ourt(ard and terra%es all o'er t)e $uildings. T)e /uarters of artisans and %raftsmen )a'e simple t(pes of )ouses in -)i%) t)e front portions -ere reser'ed for -or0 P s)ops and $a%0 portions -ere used for li'ing. Ot)er %lass of people of lo- status li'ed in )ouses1 -)i%) -ere $uilt of mud and t)at%)ed -it) stra-. "u%) )ouses )ad onl( one door and no -indo-. Fo&%s
#he 3orts occup important place in the stud of civil and militar architecture of mediaeval %ajasthan as these forts were constructed for residential purposes of the rulers and had all the features of a walled town. ,ecause the were also meant for defense of the reign, the were protected b bastions, gates and guarding towers. #he were also provided with wells, tanks and pools. #he had also the provision for storehouses for arms, fuels and grain. Agriculture land, palaces, mansions, temples, market place and residential (uarters for the subjects formed the parts of the forts. #hese features of civic architecture can be seen in the ruins of the forts of 4hittor, Kumbhalgarh, Mandalgarh, and %anthambhor. 5f course, the forts of Amber and 'odhpur, ,ikaner and 6agaur were constructed for the residential purposes of the ro al families.

Anot)er purpose of %onstru%ting t)ese forts -as to )old t)e %on/uered %ountr( and pro'ide to t)e su$&e%ts t)e fa%ilities of prote%tion and safet( in times of need. T)e forts and %astles -ere eit)er surrounded $( a moat or -ere up)eld $( )ig) %liffs1 GT)e( not onl( o%%upied a strategi% importan%e in t)e militar( ar%)ite%ture of t)e period. T)e sites of C)itor1 2agron1 Rant)am$)or1 Eum$)algar)1 A%)algar)1 Am$er et%.1 -ere sele%ted on ina%%essi$le pre%ipi%es -it) a 'ie- to pro'ide defense. =alls -ere %onstru%ted in se'eral ro-s from t)e entran%e gates to t)e upper le'el and -ere e;tended in ot)er dire%tions in angles to lessen t)e %)an%e of dire%t atta%01 and gi'e all round defense. O$sta%les -ere set up $e(ond t)e -all in t)e form of t)orn( $us)es and trees or -ide moats. T)e ro(al residen%es and t)e -alls of t)e forts -ere %onstru%ted -it) de'i%es -)i%) allo-ed narro- and se%ret passages for e;it in t)e )our of dis%omfiture. T)ese passages -ere also useful for ages and ingress1 in %ase t)e entire en%ir%led !:

$( t)e enemies.Q GT)ese forts -ere -ellApro'isioned -it) guns1 %annons1 gun po-der and ade/uate store of food material and ot)er ne%essities of li'ing1 su%) as salt1 gur1 grain1 oil et%.1 so t)at t)e( %ould last out su%%essfull( against a long siege. "ide $( side -it) t)ese material needs t)e forts did not la%0 from t)e point of 'ie- of supernatural defense $( t)e presen%e of temples. T)ese at least ga'e mental satisfa%tion to t)ose -)o resided in t)e fort or to t)ose -)o -ere fig)ting for t)e fort.Q T)is 0ind of religious %onstru%tions inspired confidence and strength. Te1-+es T)e rulers and de'oted persons of Ra&ast)an %onstru%ted temples dedi%ated to Jis)nu1 ")i'a1 ")a0ti1 Ma)a'ir1 Fanuman1 2anes) during t)e period of our stud(. =e 0no- from ins%riptions t)at Bappa Ra-al %onstru%ted t)e temple of E0iinga1 -)i%) -as repaired from time $( Ma)arana Mo0al1 Eum$)a and Raimal. "e'eral rulers of Ra&ast)an endo-ed lands to t)is temple for t)e -ors)ip and maintenan%e of it. Besides t)e 0ings and /ueens1 t)e feudator( %)iefs and %ommon people $uilt temples to o$tain spiritual merit for t)emsel'es and t)eir relations. T)e %)ief features of t)e temple ar%)ite%ture %omprise of s)i0)ara1 mandapa1 ni%)es1 inner %)am$ers et% of t)e main deities. T)e -alls of t)e temples )a'e re%esses di'ided into se%tions. Roofs are supported $( %olumns -it) %ross %or$els. T)e %apitals )a'e ela$oration -it) potAandA foliage and lotuses. T)e D-arapalas and ot)er godlings1 images of Eu$era and ot)er minor gods and goddess form t)e part of %ar'ings on doors1 ni%)es1 %olumns and outer $od( of t)e temples. *ater on due to Mug)al influen%e t)e Mandapas $egan to %onstru%t -it) -ider galleries and por%)es surrounding t)em. T)e( $egan to s)o- tat t)e lo%al st(le of ar%)ite%ture -as mi;ed -it) %ontemporar( Mug)al motifs resulting in ma0ing a $etter impression. T)e ")i0ars also displa(ed all t)e -ealt) of mediae'al art. Among temples of earlier period of our stud(1 temples of Jimla and *una Jasati $uilt at Del-ada in t)e ##t) and #+ %enturies are of e;traordinar( $eaut(. T)e( s)o- t)e e;tent to -)i%) mar$le %ould $e finel( %)iseled. G,n t)ese temples )uman fa%es do not radiate t)e spiritual $liss and di'ine glor( of inner %ons%iousness $ut t)e loss is largel( repaid $( t)e ri%)ness and $eaut( of de%oration and fine %aring.Q T)e dome of t)e main )all of t)e Del-ada temple at Mt. A$u1 G-it) an e;/uisitel( -ronged )uge lotus pendant )anging from it rests on eig)t stilted pillars arranged in an o%tagon1 and rises in %on%entri% %ir%les of 'arious de%orati'e motifs.Q Fere si;teen $ra%0ets s)o- figures of si;teen Tantri% goddesses %alled Ma)a'id(as of uni/ue i%onograp)i% 'alue. GAll a'aila$le spa%e in t)e %eilings1 -all1 doorAframes or pillars is utiliHed in presenting s%enes from

!7

Baina m(t)olog(1 different gods and goddesses or designs -)i%) are 'erita$le dreams of $eaut(.Q T)e se%ond s)rine is e/uall( attra%ti'e. Anot)er s)rine %alled C)aumu0)a temple of t)e #9t) %entur( %ontains on its outer -alls t)e in i%onograp)( of all t)e Jid(ade'is Ka0s)inis and Digpalas. GT)ese temples are %onspi%uousl( note-ort)( for t)e e;u$eran%es of ornamental detail minutel( -roug)t in a manner t)at remains unsurpassed e'en in ,ndia -)i%) -as &ustl( for su%) 0ind of -or0.Q Fo-e'er1 ")ri ".E.1 "aras-ati -)ile appre%iating t)e temple of A$u1 states1 G,n spite1 )o-e'er1 of t)e splendid -ealt) of intri%ate ornamentation e;pe%ted -it) a perfe%tion seldom a%)ie'ed $( )uman endea'ourer1 ar%)ite%turall( none of t)e )alls %an $e de%lared to $e free from fla-. T)e multipli%it( of plasti% detail1 repeated innumera$le times1 o$s%ures to a large e;tent t)e stru%tural properties in respe%t of -)i%)1 again1 t)e fundamental rules of ar%)ite%tural %omposition seem to )a'e $een ignored. T)ere is no dou$t1 a %ertain $eaut(1 endless as it seems1 le'els t)e 'isitor -it) a sense of tiresome surfeit1 and t)ere are 'er( fe- stru%tural merits to %ompensate fro t)is defe%t.Q Anot)er nota$le s)rine of t)e #9t) %entur( is t)e C)aumu0)a temple of Rana0pur. ,t is situated in t)e )ig)land of Me-ar and is dedi%ated to Ris)a$nat). ,t -as $uilt $( Ma)arana Eum$)a<s fa'ourite1 D)arana0a in #.!6 and -as designed $( t)e ar%)ite%t Dipa0a. ,t is a four storied stru%ture supported $( numerous %olumns of fort( feet )eig)t. T)e interior is inlaid -it) mosai%s of %ornelian and agate. ,n t)e -ords of Mr. Derguson G,t is t)e most %ompli%ated and e;tensi'e Bain temple1 , )a'e m(self e'er )ad an opportunit( of inspe%ting. ,ndeed1 , 0no- of no ot)er $uilding in ,ndia of t)e same %lass t)at lea'es so pleasing an impression or affords so man( )ints for t)e gra%eful arrangement of %olumns in an interior. ,n amount of la$or and of s%ulptural de%orationsitfarsurpassesan(.Q "ingar C)an'ari is anot)er s)rine -)i%) is gra%eful and ri%)l( %ar'ed at C)ittor. ,t -as $uilt $( B)andari Jel0a or Jela1 son of Ma)arana Eum$)a<s treasurer in #..8A.6 A.D. T)e temple is s/uare in plan -it) four -ings pro&e%ting from its four sides. T)e %entral part of t)e $uilding is %o'ered $( a %ir%ular Bain dome $uilt in )oriHontal la(ers ri%)l(.

!8

SHOPPING DE"IGHT

"o)*%ion : Rural Fu$s1 Main Mar0ets of Ra&ast)an1 Old BaHaars !o&+' F*1o(s Fo& Traditional and Et)ni% ")opping An%i?(e I%e1s Pre%ious and "emi A pre%ious "tones Ot)er C)arms of ")opping Traditional ")opping T)rill

!6

A "aree s)op in Baipur DACT D,*E ")opping Attra%tions 2ems and Be-els1 Traditional Paintings1 Blue Potter(1 Perfumes1 *eat)er ,tems1 Baipuri *ig)t =eig)t Luilts1 "-eets1 Metal-are1 Car'ed =)ite Ma$le. ")opping Destinations Baipur1 "anganer1 Bi0aner1 Bod)pur1 Nat)d-ara1 ")e0)a-ati1 Pus)0ar. =orld Reno-ned Dor Pre%ious and "emi Pre%ious "tones1 Tie and D(e Da$ri%s1 Blo%0 Prints1 Band)ani =or01 *a% Be-eller(. ")op Drom Bo)ari BaHaar Baipur A Et)ni% "il'er Be-eler(. "anganer A Fand Blo%0 Printed Da$ri%. Eapra and "arafa BaHaar1 Bod)pur Band)ini and *a)ari(a ( Fand A D(ed). Ma)atma 2and)i Road1 Bi0aner A Bootis1 "na%0s. Pus)0ar Mar0et Costume Be-eller(1 Brass Ctensils. ")e0)a-ati A Paintings.

Must to Do

Test Kour Bargaining "0ills and Attain ,mmense "atisfa%tion.

Must to Pi%0

Anti/ue "il'er and Eundan Be-eler(1 Blue Potter(1 Tie and D(e Da$ri%s.

S3o- Ti++ Yo( D&o- : Ge% So1e Co+o(&s o8 R*7*s%3*n ")opping in Ra&ast)an is a delig)t. ,n a %ountr( full of 'aliant ruins and impassa$le ar%)ite%ture1 t)e most memora$le moments of a )olida( trip are often spent e;ploring t)ese 'i%arious .@

attra%tions and im$i$ing t)e am$ian%e of a $(gone era. ,ndia $eing a land -)ose passion for %olour is unparalled and -)ere people $lend %olours -it) t)eir e'er( emotion1 it is not 'er( )ard to imagine t)at t)e mar0ets -ill displa( a magnifi%ent glo- of %olours1 t)at permeates so%ial and %ultural $iases and spills o'er to t)e people "mart Art or Mind $lo-ing Magi% Ta0e a s)opping tour of Ra&ast)an to $u( arti%les t)at )a'e emerged not as a fas)iona$le de%orati'e feature1 $ut as a ne%essit( in t)e life of Ra&ast)ani fol0. T)e( too0 t)eir potteries and ga'e t)em s)apes1 %oloured t)em t)at -ere pleasing to t)e e(e3 t)e( de%orated t)eir %lot)es so t)at1 t)e( %an paint $eautiful s%eneries in t)e desolate surroundings of t)e desert3 t)e( -ore &e-eller( and dolled up in em$roidered s)oes3 and )en%e after %enturies1 a 0aleidos%ope of $reat)ta0ingl( $eautiful and unparalleled artAdeAfa%ts1 enfolds in t)e lap of t)is desert land -it) t)eir o-n age old %ulture and traditions. Ra&ast)an s)opping is famous for its &e-eller( industr( and it is one of t)e -orld4s largest %entre for )andA%utting of gems. "emiApre%ious and pre%ious stones %ome to t)e Pin0 Cit(1 Baipur for %utting and polis)ing1 $ut are %ar'ed into figurines and statuettes. A roseApin0 /uartH %an $e turned into an elep)ant1 &ade s)aped into a Eris)na figurine1 and sandstone patterened as *ord 2anes). 4Meena0ari41 t)e art of enamelling on gold and sil'er is anot)er glitter t)at is refle%ted at t)e $aHaars of Ra&ast)an. T)e $est -a( (ou %an ssa'or t)e s)opping delig)t in Ra&ast)an is $u( getting one of t)ose e;/uisite &e-elleries for someone 4spe%ial4 in life. No-)ere does t)e $rilliant %raftsmans)ip %ome to t)e alee as splendidl( as it does1 -)en it %omes to Ra&ast)ani te;tiles. Dor %enturies1 Ra&ast)ani printers )a'e $lended 'egeta$le d(es and mineral %olours1 so perfe%tl(1 t)at no-)ere else in t)e -orld di'ergent %olours s)o-ed %omplimentar( feats -it) su%) %onfiden%e as in Ra&ast)an. Ho+i'*, S3o--in/ A&o(n' J*i-(&

Plan a )olida( 'a%ation around Bod)pur to get t)e most intri%ate and interesting result of garment designing1 t)e $and)ani or tie and d(e st(le of %olouring. Mo'e on to "anganer1 near Baipur1 famous for its $rilliantl( $lo%0 printed fa$ri%. T)e "anganeri prints1 generall( featuring floral motifs1 are e;ported round t)e -orld and is trul( a %olle%tor4s delig)t. One %an also mo'e to t)e interiors1 -)ere t)e tri$als s)o- an e;%ellent arra( of em$roider( -or0s. Em$ellis)ed $(

.#

%olourful t)reads1 $eads and little mirrors1 t)e( $laHe in t)e arid lands%ape of Ra&ast)an. T)ese are some of t)e most famous s)opping destinations in Ra&ast)an ,ndia.

T)e art of %arpet -ea'ing in Ra&ast)an dates $a%0 to /uite a fe- %enturies. E'en t)oug) t)e( are used as underla(s1 t)e( displa( 'i$rant %olours and motifs. T)e simplest %arpets are a perfe%t $lend of a single %olour -it) a %las)ing $order1 -)ereas ot)ers portra( geometri% motifs and floral patterns in a mi; of %ontrasting %olours1 0eeping -it) t)e resonan%e of t)e land.

T3e Co+o(&8(+ B*@**&s T3*% Se++ "o6e An' Me1o&ies

A Colorful Jaipur Market

Ta0e a tour of s)opping destinations of Ra&ast)an and t)e most important is t)e %apital %it( of Ra&ast)an1 Baipur1 is a mosai% of %olourful people1 'i$rant %olours1 $edaHHling s)ops1 amidst -)i%) t)e 0aleidos%ope %ontinues to s-ing $ett-een &oining t-o imaginar( points1 %onnoting past and t)e present. ,f (ou are in Baipur for a )olida( 'a%ation1 don4t forget to 'isit t)e )eart of t)e %it(1 t)e MirHa ,smail Road. A prime %)annel to en&o( s)opping in Baipur1 /ualit( is rarel( a suspe%t in t)is $ustling mar0et. =al0 along t)e intermingled streets and feel t)e pre%ious moments1 tangled up in t)e immortal dilemma of -)at to $u( and -)at not to. 2et a refres)ment -it) a %)illed 4lassi4 ($uttermil0) and some Bi0aneri sna%0s1 freel( a'aila$le on t)e roadside &oints. Bu( (ourself a $rig)t %olored od)ni ()eads%arf) featuring a lotus motif against a -)ite or pin0 $a%0ground. =o-R it loo0s good on (ou. 2et an a&ra0)1 %olorful HigAHag fa$ri%s1 featuring geometri% designs in $lue and red on $ot) sides1 generall( -orn $( men as s)a-ls and

.+

tur$ans. Te)se are t)e most lo'ed s)opping )andi%rafts of Ra&ast)an. No- t)is demands for a p)otograp). Enter t)e dar0room at t)e roadside and in a fe- moments one %an get a %oloured memoir of en&o(ment. T)e main s)opping items to loo0 for around t)e Fa-a Ma)al in Baipur1 are t)e 'ast arra( of puppets dangling from t)e -alls. T)e most 'i'a%ious aspe%t of t)ese alluring puppets is t)e -a( t)eir e;pressions are painted1 large e;pressi'e e(es -it) ar%)ed e(e$ro-s and a -a'ing mousta%)e for men1 or a rose ring for -omen. Bu( t-o of t)ese ine;pensi'e sou'enirs1 t)e( are fun to pla( -it) and re%all more easil( t)e memories of a 'isit to t)is state of %)i'alrous 0ings and am$rosial /ueens. Come o'er to Ra&ast)an for a )olida( tour and (ou -ill get s)opping as an e;tra $enefit1 and $elie'e it1 s)opping in t)is desert land is addi%ti'e.

To- 9 Re*sons To S3o- in R*7*s%3*n

En7o, T3e Essen)e o8 R*7*s%3*ni B*@**&s Ta0e up Ra&ast)an tourism and at e'er( turn of an interesting )olida( 'a%ation1 one -ill find %olour1 %olour and more %olour1 in t)e land of Ra&ast)an. "tuff (our $ags -it) an(t)ing (ou -ant. ,n Ra&ast)an1 (ou -ill ne'er )a'e to go for a se%ond %)oi%e. ")opping in Ra&ast)an is et)ereal.

T3e F*1o(s Je;e+s o8 R*7*s%3*n

.!

Plan a )olida( trip to t)e gem %apital of Ra&ast)an1 t)e Pin0 Cit( of Baipur. Being one of t)e most famous s)opping destination in Ra&ast)an one %an get e'er(t)ing from pre%ious to semiA pre%ious1 and gems for ornaments and some ot)ers of astrologi%al signifi%an%e. 2et (our 4someone4 spe%ial one of t)ose spe%ial rings -it) gems and e;/uisite gold %ar'ings. Ge% A B+(e In T3e Pin= Ci%, Ta0e up s)opping tours of Ra&ast)an and see t)e art of glaHed $lue potter( -)i%) %ame to ,ndia from Persia1 is a flouris)ing %raft e'en toda( in Baipur. During (our )olida( 'a%ations in Ra&ast)an1 get one of t)ose alluring $lue potteries de%orated -it) floral and geometri% patterns for interior de%oration of (our s-eet )ome. F+, on A M*/i) C*&-e% Ra&ast)an4s %arpets are super$ in %raftsmans)ip and anne; a large e;port mar0et1are a great s)opping delig)t in Ra&ast)an. Plan a )olida( 'a%ation in Ra&ast)an1 and (ou -ill )a'e t)e %)an%e of $u(ing one or more1 of t)ose e;/uisite %arpets in traditional and %ontemporar( designs. Fine F*2&i)s Sin)e Yo&e Damous s)opping items in Ra&ast)an are Fand $lo%0 prints1 tie and d(e em$roidered te;tiles -it) mirror-or01 is t)e t(pi%al stamp of Ra&ast)an. Jisit t)e terrains of Bod)pur and Cdaipur1 and get (ourself some lig)t and finel( printed Eota Doria sarees1 a rage -it) Ra&ast)ani -omen in t)e )ot summer seasons.

C+i1*%e o8 R*7*s%3*n

..

T)e %limate of Ra&ast)an is generall( )ot and dr(. Fo-e'er1 t)e %limate of Ra&ast)an %an $e di'ided into four seasons, namel summers, winters, monsoon and post"monsoon. %ead on
to further e$plore %ajasthan 4limatic 4onditions

S(11e& T)e )ottest season of Ra&ast)an1 summer1 e;tends from April to Bune. T)e temperature in t)is season ranges from !+S C to .9S C. T)e onl( pla%e in Ra&ast)an t)at is a little %ool in summers is t)e )ill station1 Mt A$u. Fo-e'er1 t)e nig)ts in Ra&ast)an are prett( %ool1 -it) t)e nig)t temperature falling %onsidera$l(.

!in%e&s E;tending from De%em$er to Mar%) is t)e -inter season. T)e %oldest mont) of t)e season is Banuar(. T)e temperature ranges from #@S C to +7S C. Fo-e'er1 t)ere ma( $e %onsidera$le differen%e in t)e ma;imum and minimum temperatures.

Monsoon

.9

During t)e period of Bul( to "eptem$er1 lies t)e monsoon. T)e temperature ranges from !9S C to .@S C. T)e state re%ei'es appro;imatel( 6@> of its annual rainfall in t)is season onl(. ,t is t)e most )umid season in Ra&ast)an. Pos% Monsoon

Drom O%to$er to No'em$er is t)e post monsoon season. T)e a'erage ma;imum temperature ranges $et-een !!S C to !8S C1 and t)e minimum is $et-een #8S C and +@S C. Te1- 0 R*in8*++ Banuar( to Mar%) 9@D A 8@D #@ degree C A +7 degree C .MM A 7MM April to Bune 79D A #@9D +. degree C A .9 degree C ##MM A !@MM Bul( to "eptem$er 7@D A 69D +# degree C A !9 degree C #@@MM A #:9MM O%to$er to De%em$er 99D A 89D #! degree C A !@ degree C !MM A 8M.

O27e)%i6es
.:

T)e main aim of t)e pro&e%t isA


#. To "tud( a$out t)e nature and /ualit( of en'ironment of Ra&ast)an.

+. To "tud( t)e 'arious tourist attra%tions in Ra&ast)an.

!. To "tud( a$out t)e %ulture and ar%)ite%ture of Ra&ast)an.

.. To re'ie- t)e impa%t of tourism in Ra&ast)an.

9. To "tud( of t)e num$er foreign tourist flo- in Ra&ast)an.

!. Rese*&)3 1e%3o'o+o/,
.7

In8o&1*%ion ;*s )o++e)%e' %3&o(/3 2o%3 -&i1*&, *n' se)on'*&, so(&)es$ P&i1*&, D*%*: ,n some %ases t)e resear%)ers ma( realiHe t)e need for %olle%ting t)e first )and information. As in t)e %ase of e'er(da( life1 if -e -ant to )a'e first )and information or an( )appening or e'ent1 -e eit)er as0 someone -)o 0no-s a$out it or -e o$ser'e it oursel'es1 -e do t)e $ot). T)us1 t)e t-o met)ods $( -)i%) primar( data %an $e %olle%ted is o$ser'ation and %ommuni%ation. Se)on'*&, D*%*: An( data1 -)i%) )a'e $een gat)ered earlier for some ot)er purpose1 are se%ondar( data in t)e )ands of resear%)er. T)ose data %olle%ted first )and1 eit)er $( t)e resear%)er or $( someone else1 espe%iall( for t)e purpose of t)e stud( is 0no-n as primar( data. Present stud( $ased on "e%ondar( Data. sour%es. D*%* An*+,ses: - =e ma0e t)e data in ta$ular form t)en use %olumn %)art to s)o- t)e data an t)en interpret it. "e%ondar( Data )a'e $een %olle%ted t)roug)

magaHines1 $oo0 (related to tourism of Ra&ast)an)1 ne-spaper1 'arious -e$sites and an( ot)er

"i1i%*%ion
T3e "i1i%*%ions o8 %3e -&o7e)% *&e:.8

#. Pro&e%t is $ased on se%ondar( data onl( +. ")ortage of time primar( data is not in%luded !. Diffi%ulties fa%e to sear%) %urrent data related to t)is. .. T)ere is limited time1 la$or and funding. 9. *a%0 of intera%tion -it) t)e lo%al %ommunit(.

D*%* An*+,sis *n' In%e&-&e%*%ion

.6

To(&is% Re-o&%
T*2+e 1 S%*%is%i)s o8 %3e To(&is% A&&i6*+s in R*7*s%3*n No o8 To(&is%s S$No$ Ye*& # + ! . 9 : 7 8 6 #@ ## #+ #! #. #9 #: #7 #8 #6 #66@ #66# #66+ #66! #66. #669 #66: #667 #668 #666 +@@@ +@@# +@@+ +@@! +@@. +@@9 +@@: +@@7 +@@8 In'i*n !7!9#7. .!@@897 9+:!#+# 9.9.!+# .:6688: 9+.88:+ 97+:..# :+6@##9 :.@!!#@ ::799+8 7!7.!6# 7797+#7 8!@@#6@ Fo&ei/ne& To%*+ .#7:.# .6.#9@ 9.78@+ 9.@7!8 .!:8@# 9!.7.6 9:@6.: :@9@:@ 96#!:6 9:+:89 :+!#@@ :@8+8! .+8.!7 .#9+8#9 .769@@7 98#@6+! 9669@96 9#!::87 978!:## :+87!87 :869#79 :66.:76 7+!8+#! 7667.6# 8!:99@@ 87+8:+7 A C3*n/e In'i*n Fo&ei/ ne& To%*+

A+.99 A@..8 A+.!9 #9.#. #8.!+ #9..: ++.!7 #@.8: +#.#6 !.:! A#.+6 !.#7 A#!.8! A#6.++ A#..!+ ##.:8 ++..+ #+.96 6.#@ 6.8. #.8@ ..+9 9.#6 :.66 ..6@ 7.8: 8.7# 6.:7

A+.+: #... A..89 !..8 A+.!8 ..:@ A+6.97 ..!.

#@..7 #@.7. #@..8

#+9.9#!9 :+89:@ #:@!!86: 67#77+ #8787+68 ##!##:. +!.8!+87 #++@#:. +96+@9+6 #.@#@.+ +8!986#8 #.77:.:

#!#7!:69 9#.#. .:.7# 9@.6+ #7@@9::8 +7.8# 9..:@ +6.@6 #66#8.:+ #7.#7 #:..@ #7.#! +.7@!.9# +9.@@ 7.87 +68!:9:. 6..# 9..7 +..@+ 6.+# +7!+#97# #@.!8 #..8+ #@.:@

,n ta$le# -e see t)at in (ear #66@ no. of ,ndian tourist arri'ed in Ra&ast)an is !7!9#7. & in (r. +@@8 are +8!986#8. ,n (r. #66@ no. of foreign tourist arri'ed in .#7:.# & in (r. +@@8 are #.77:.:. Total no. of tourist arri'ed in Ra&ast)an in #66@ is .#9+8#9 & in (r.+@@8 are +68!:9:.. > %)ange from#66@ to +@@8 of ,ndian tourist is A+.99 to 6..#. > %)ange from #66@ to +@@8 of foreign tourist 6.+#. is A@..8 to 9..7. Total no. of > %)ange from #66@ to +@@8 is A+.!9 to

9@

T*2+e2$ T&*6e+ *n' To(&is1 'e1*n' 1os% &*-i'+, 2e%;een B200C-201CD

Co(n%&ies ,ndia C)ina *i$(a Jietnam 9#

Re*+ G&o;%3BA *nn(*+i@e'D 6..@> 8.6@> 8.#@> 8.#@>

Montenegro Romania Ma%au Nami$ia Croatia CHe%) Repu$li%

7..@> 7.#@> 7.#@> :.6@> :.6@> :.8@>

0.1 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0

9.40% 8.90%

8.10% 8.10%

7.40% 7.10% 7.10% 6.90% 6.90%

6.80%

0
"om an ia C%e # h "e &u b' i# Coun tr i es ont e n!r o $am i bia Indi a Chi n a a# au Vi etn am Croa tia Li bya

T&*6e+ *n' To(&is1 'e1*n' 1os% &*-i'+, 2e%;een B200C-201CD ,n Ta$le+ -e see t)at from +@@8 to +@#8 t)e demand of tra'el & tourism is gro-ing 'er( rapidl( (in ,ndia1 C)ina1 *i$(a1 Jietnam1 Montenegro1 Romania1 Ma%au1 Nami$ia1 Croatia1 CHe%) Repu$li%) $ut t)e )ig) gro-t) is in ,ndia (6..@>) & t)e lo-est gro-t) in CHe%) Repu$li% (:.8@>).

T*2+e.$ S3*&e -e& %o(&is1 e+e1en%s in /&o;%3 o8 %o(& 0 %&*6e+ in R*7*s%3*n E+e1en%s Air Transport A S3*&e .@>

9+

Car Transport Ot)er Transport A%%omodation A%ti'ities

!+> !> +#> .>

0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0


(' em ents odati on )i r *r ans .. . ran. .. +the r *r ... )# ti, iti es

S3*&e o8 %o(&is1 e+e1en%s in /&o;%3 o8 %o(& 0 %&*6e+ in R*7*s%3*n ,n Ta$le! -e see s)are of tourism elements (*i0e Air Transport .@>1 Car Transport !+>1 Ot)er Transport!>1 A%%ommodation +#>1 A%ti'ities.>) from t)is -e realiHe t)at Air Transport in%lude ma;. s)are in gro-t) of tour & tra'el i.e. .@> and t)e min. s)are is in%luded $( ot)er a%ti'ities i.e. .>

T*2+e4$ Rise o8 %3e on+ine %&*6e+ 1*&=e% in %o(&is1 *% 2011 N*1e ,ndia Times Ma0eM(Trip Clear Trip Tra'el 2uru Katra Ot)ers A +:.6@> !#> #!.!@> #+.9@> 7.!@> 8.+@>

9!

)# #o m

Car *

0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0 $ame India *imes a-e y *ri& C'ear *ri& *ra,e' .uru /atra +thers

On+ine %&*6e+ 1*&=e% in %o(&is1 ,n Ta$le. -e see t)e s)are of online tra'el mar0et (li0e ,ndia Times A +:.6@>1 Ma0eM(Trip A !#>1 Clear TripA #!.!@>1 KatraA 7.!@>1 ot)ersA 8.+@>) from t)is -e realiHe t)at Ma0e M( Trip is in%lude ma;. no. of s)are in tourism i.e. !#> and Katra in%lude min. no. of s)are i.e.7.!@>.

T*2+e9$ Me'i* E88i)ien), %o;*&'s %o(&is1 Bin 2011D

N*1e M"N
/ahoo .oo!'e 0ohs 1ahu

Cos% S3*&e
28.06 22.28 5.62 187 2.47

I1-&ession S3*&e
35.49 11.19 29.02 0.51 0

9.

$i--ei *ra,e'o#ity )+L C$$

9.41 2.34 10.21 4.32

2.33 0.33 3.93 1.11

Media Efficiency towards tourism

,n Ta$le9 -e see t)e media effi%ien%( to-ards tourism t)e ma; %ost s)are is in%lude $( Bo)s (#87) and min. %ost s)are in%lude $( *ra,e'o#ity 22.343. *he
$1 235.493 and min. share in#'ude by 1ahu 203 a4. Im&ression share is in#'ude by

T*2+e:$ To(&is% *&&i6*+s in R*7*s%3*n B200. 5 2011D

99

Kear
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

No. of tourist(in million)


2.65 2.54 2.38 2.73 3.46 3.92 4.45 5.02 5.38

To(&is% *&&i6*+s in 1i++ion

9:

,n Ta$le : -e see t)e tourist arri'als in millions in +@@! are +.:9 and in +@## is in%reased $( 9.!8.

T*2+eE$ Fo&ei/n EF)3*n/e E*&nin/s BRs$ In Mi++ionD Ye*& +@@! +@@. +@@9 +@@: +@@7 +@@8 +@@6 +@#@ +@@## Rs$ #9:+: #9@8! #9@:. +@7+6 +76.. !!#+! !6@+9 ..!:@ 977!@

,n Ta$le7 -e see t)e flo- of foreign e;%)ange in ,ndia due to Ra&ast)an tourism in (r. +@@! (#9:+:) and is in%reased $( 977!@ in Kr. +@##

97

Fin'in/s *n' Re)o11en'*%ions

Re)o11en'*%ions
#. "er'i%es pro'ided at t)is pla%e li0e a%%ommodation1 food s)ould must $e ta0en %are of more and more s)elter )omes s)ould $e pro'ided at afforda$le pri%es -)i%) %an $e afford $( an( in%ome group. More and more s)elter )omes s)ould $e t)ere at t)is pla%e.

+. Cleanliness s)ould also $e ta0en %are of at t)e tourisms spots. A %lean en'ironment s)ould $e pro'ided. "pe%ial %are s)ould $e pro'ided to-ards t)e %leanliness of t)ese destinations. "pe%ial staff s)ould $e appointed for t)e %leanliness purpose in t)ese areas.

!. Proper arrangement s)ould $e made for ele%tri%it( and drin0ing -ater. T)ese are some $asi% re/uirements -)i%) a destination must )a'e. Drin0ing -ater s)ould $e pro'ided from pla%e to pla%e so t)at t)e( don<t %ome a%ross an( diffi%ult(.

.. Proper transport fa%ilities s)ould $e pro'ided for t)e tra'eling from one pla%e to anot)er. "pe%ial arrangement s)ould $e made. "pe%ial transport fa%ilities s)ould $e made a'aila$le.

98

Con)+(sions
Ra&ast)an is t)e largest state of ,ndia -it) an area of !..+ la%e s/. 0ames. Ra&ast)an also $oasts of $eing t)e onl( desert of t)e su$ %ontinent1 namel( t)e 2reat ,ndian Desert in %om$ination -it) t)e Ra'alli mountain range. T)e tourist attra%tions in Ra&ast)an are trul( an e;tension of its people and t)e 'er( %ulture of t)e state. Religious Pla%es in Ra&ast)an e'o0e a pure feeling of )armon( and dignit(. ,nfrastru%ture is t)e $a%0$one of an( e%onom(. To de'elop a strong e%onom( t)e go'ernment of Ra&ast)an )as $een ma0ing %ons%ious efforts in de'elopment of t)e state4s infrastru%ture. Ra&ast)an s)opping is famous for its &e-eler industr( and it is one of t)e -orld4s largest %enters for )andA%utting of gems. Ra&ast)an is reno-ned for its $eautiful )and em$roider(. Resear%) -as done to find interest of tourists to-ards Ra&ast)an. T)e result of t)e resear%) -ere t)at t)e flo- of foreign e;%)ange in +@@@ is #9:+: is in%reased $( 977!@ in (r.+@@8. Tourist arri'ed in millions in (r.+@@8 is 9.!8. Ma0e M( Trip is in%luding !#> s)are in tourism de'elopment (on line tra'el mar0et). Air Transportation in%lude .@> s)are in tourism de'elopment.

96

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