Tran 1 Casey Tran Professor Leslie Wolcott ENC 1102 3 March 2014 Approaching Programming Performance Thro gh Tho

ght Process Programming an! co!ing are interesting topics to !isc ss" consi!ering that the ans#ers to a pro$lem can $e so open en!e!% The str ct re an! implementation of co!ing allo#s it to $e !one in many !ifferent #ays" some more efficient than others" an! some less intensi&e on a machine than others" $ t neither is necessarily #rong% 'o #hat ma(es a goo! programmer) *s there one #ay of programming $etter than the other) The follo#ing annotations foc s on one of the most important aspects to ans#ering a programming + estion" not the ans#er" $ t the process to approaching the + estion itself% Many programmers that (no# entry,le&el programming or only the $asics can ta(e this information an! apply it to their o#n approaches to help them co!e more efficiently an! completely% This can help them a&oi! common pitfalls an! shortcomings that might not $e o$&io s at first glance" an! pre&ent $ ggy" $loate!" an! repetiti&e co!e" along #ith other iss es% Many annotations come from the *nstit te of Electrical an! Electronics Engineers -*EEE." a professional association of engineers !e!icate! to a!&ancing technological inno&ation an! e/cellence% *t is the largest association of engineers !e!icate! to s $0ects" containing a$o t 421"000 mem$ers% E&en #ith s ch a large mem$ership n m$er" the *EEE ma(es s re their p $lishe! literat re an! aca!emic 0o rnals are p to !ate an! non 2gi$$erish%2 3 t of !ate or incorrect articles are remo&e! + ic(ly% Annotations relate! to

Tran 2 this paper all ha&e &ali! information that a programmer can ta(e a!&antage of to mo!ify their approach to programming in a #ay they see fit% To gain cre!i$ility in this con&ersation" one m st (no# general programming themsel&es" to easily n!erstan! #hat is $eing tal(e! a$o t% Practicing goo! metho!s an! approaches to starting a finishing a program an! n!erstan!ing #hat ma(es those metho!s effecti&e also gains cre!i$ility% *n a $asic sense" yo really nee! to (no# #hat yo are tal(ing a$o t" an! in !etail% This annotate! $i$liography #ill co&er help in the approach to programming" $ t it #ill not co&er m ch at all in help #ith co!ing !irectly% All aca!emic 0o rnals are ta(en from recent !ates as to pro&i!e acc rate information" since the fiel! of comp ter science is &ery pre&alent no#" an! has a!&ance! far in so little time% 'ome terms are commonly se! thro gho t these articles that might nee! to $e e/plaine!% Programming or co!ing is #riting specific instr ctions in a lang age !esigne! for comp ters to comman! a comp ter to a tomatically perform the tas(% 4e$ gging is the process of going $ac( thro gh co!e to !isco&er an! remo&e or change #hat #as #rong" other#ise (no#n as $ gs in co!e% Mo!eling is the process of creating a mo!el to represent a sit ation or analy5e !ata an! $e easier to loo( at%

4ean P% 6ol5#orth" Neil *% 6 th" Peter 7% !e8oil% 2'imple soft#are processes an! tests impro&e the relia$ility an! sef lness of a mo!el2 Environmental Modeling & Software. 8ol 29 *ss e 4" p110,119% Academic Search Premiere% En&ironmental Mo!eling an! 'oft#are is a company that p $lishes recent contri$ tions an! a!&ances in the form of research articles% This paper e/plains ho# e/periences

Tran 3 #ith a pro! ction systems sim lator has le! them to a!apt techni+ es to create a mo!el !e&elopment process% This process has $een sho#n to $ring a higher le&el of sta$ility to the !e&elopment effort% Programmers can loo( at the &ario s steps ta(en to create the mo!el process an! apply it to their o#n #or( in an effort to $e more efficient%

7reg Wilson" 4% A% Ar liah" Tit s C% :ro#n" Neil P% Ch e 6ong" Matt 4a&is" ;ichar! T% 7 y" 'te&en 6% 4% 6a!!oc(" <athryn 4% 6 ff" *an M% Mitchell" Mar( 4% Pl m$ley" :en Wa gh" Ethan White" Pa l Wilson% 2:est Practices for 'cientific Comp ting2 PLoS Biology" 8ol 12 *ss e 1" p1,=% Academic Search Premiere% PLo' :iology p $lishes recent iss es of significance an! has a high impact factor% The &ario s a thors of this article each ha&e cre!entials of teaching at &ario s #ell (no#n ni&ersities or instit tions" s ch as :er(ley% *n this paper" a s mmary of $est practices for programming are liste! an! presente! in !etail $ase! on e/tensi&e research an! collecti&e e/periences% These practices are fo n! to increase the pro! cti&ity of co!e as #ell as the relia$ility of the finishe! pro! ct" for $oth gro p an! solo #or(%

6sien,Tsai W " Po,Ch n 6s " Chih,> an Lee" 6o ,? n Wang" Che (,<#an ' n% 2The impact of s pplementary han!s,on practice on learning in intro! cory comp ter science co rse for freshmen%2 Computers and Education. 8ol =0 p1,@% Academic Search Premiere% Comp ters an! E! cation is a internationally p $lishe! research 0o rnal co&ering cognition" e! cation" an! training% This paper con! cts

Tran 4 a st !y on the p rpose an! effect of implementing han!s,on practice pro&i!ing a $etter n!erstan!ing in *ntro! ction to Comp ter 'cience% The han!s on practice incl !e! metho!s s ch as !esigning an! ma(ing electric circ its" programming !esign" algorithm implementation" pro$lem sol&ing s(ills" a$stract !ata types" an! sim lations an! a$stractions" as #ell as re&ie#ing te/t$oo( material% Not only !oes the concl sion sho# significantly $etter res lts an! n!erstan!ing" $ t also sho#s less stress to#ar!s the intro co rse than the non participants% Programmers can a!apt these metho!s for help in learning ne# material%

?eremy 8% Ernst" Aaron C% Clar(% 2A n!amental Comp ter 'cience Concept al Bn!erstan!ings for 6igh 'chool 't !ents Bsing 3riginal Comp ter 7ame 4esign%2 ournal of S!EM Education" #nnovations & $esearch. 8ol 13 *ss e 1" p40,41% Academic Search Premiere% ?'TEM is a peer re&ie#e! p $lication for e! cators that foc ses on real #orl! case st !ies% This paper essentially co&ers ho# e! cational gaming has $een a pop lar learning tool to engage an! enhance classroom !isco&ery an! application% This st !y sho#s s pport for gaming as a teaching an! learning tool an! sho#s the nee! for technological literacy% 't !ent an! teacher fee!$ac( also s pports the se of informational technology soft#are as an infl ential &aria$le in the learning process% Comp ter science st !ents can se this information to get a $etter n!erstan!ing on ho# these games approach the learning process an! !e&elop pro$lem sol&ing an! comm nication s(ills thro gh this st !y to $enefit their o#n st !ies in learning ne# material%

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<im Man L i" <eith C %C% Chan" ?ohn Teofil Nose(% 2The Effect of Pairs in Program 4esign Tas(s%2 #EEE !ransactions on Software Engineering. 8ol 34 *ss e 2" p1C=,211% This article loo(s at the effecti&eness of pair programming in !esigning an! implementing co!ing sol tions &ers s in!i&i! al #or(% Pair programming is a metho! that in&ol&es t#o programmers colla$orating on the same program effort% 3ne programmer implements the co!e !irectly" #hile the other #atches" i!entifying possi$le $ gs" an! !irecting the #or(% 'ome people &ie# pair programming as less pro! cti&e" ho#e&er this st !y sho#s that paire! programming significantly o t performe! in!i&i! als on aptit !e tests that !irectly correlate #ith programming performance%

<risty Eli5a$eth :oyer" ;o$ert Phillips" Michael 4% Wallis" Mla!en A% 8o (" ?ames C% Lester% 2*n&estigating the role of st !ent moti&ation in comp ter science e! cation thro gh one,on,one t toring%2 Computer Science Education% 8ol 1C *ss e 2 p111,131% The a thors in this paper are affiliate! #ith the 4epartment of Comp ter 'cience in the North Carolina 'tate Bni&ersity% This article st !ies ho# the choices ma!e $y a st !ent ! ring instr ction are associate! #ith moti&ational o tcomes" an! ho# partic lar strategies can $e le&erage! $ase! on an n!erstan!ing of the st !entDs moti&ational state% *n this process" st !ents #ere p t in a one on one sit ation #ith a t tor an! ta ght thro gh !ifferent metho!s #hile $eing gi&en fee!$ac(% P rely cogniti&e fee!$ac( #as more associate! #ith higher st !ent learning gain" #hile moti&ational fee!$ac( #as met #ith a greater

Tran 9 gain in self confi!ence% These res lts s ggest that there may $e some tra!eoffs to ma/imi5ing learning gains an! moti&ational strategies" $ t it is possi$le to choose strategies that enhance st !ent moti&ation #itho t sacrificing cogniti&e o tcomes% 6igher self confi!ence also le! to higher test scores" ho#e&er% A st !ent can se these res lts to create their o#n moti&ational strategic interactions #ith their t tor or instr ctor that #ill $enefit them the most%

La#rance ?%" :ogart C%" : rnett M%" :ellamy ;%" ;ector <%" Aleming '%4% 26o# programmers 4e$ g" ;e&isite!E An *nformation Aoraging Theory Persepcti&e%2 #EEE !ransactions on Software Engineering. 8ol% 3C *ss e 2" p1C=,211% The a thors of this paper $elong to the *nstit te of Electrical an! Electronics Engineers -*EEE." a professional association in Ne# >or( !e!icate! to a!&ancing technology% This paper re&ie#s ho# theories of na&igation a!! more practical &al e to n!erstan!ing on ho# programmers !e$ g" rather than only hypotheses% The theory se! proposes that na&igation ! ring !e$ gging can $e follo#e! thro gh metho!s similar to pre!ators follo#ing scents in the #il!% The metho! pro&i!es eno gh information to !escri$e an! pre!ict na&igation #itho t ta(ing into acco nt &aria$les li(e mental state% They fo n! that programmersD &er$ali5ations far more often concerne! scent follo#ing rather than hypotheses follo#ing% To 0 !ge the pre!icti&eness of the theory" they create! an e/ec ta$le mo!el that pre!icte! programmer $eha&ior more acc rately than ones that !i! not r n off the scent na&igation theory%

Tran = Michel Cha !ron" Werner 6ei0ste(" Aria!i N groho% 26o# effecti&e is BML mo!eling)2 Software and Systems Modeling% 8ol 11 *ss e 4 p1=1,1@0% With mo!eling $eing s ch a pre&alent an! common practice" this paper aims to confirm the effecti&eness of mo!eling on soft#are !e&elopment #ith empirical e&i!ence an! a foc s on the cost an! $enefits% BML mo!eling is $asically fleshing o t a s(eleton for the program in min! an! are meant as a $asis to create an implementation% 8ery little !ata has $een o$taine! to pro&e the ineffecti&eness of mo!eling" an! creating BMLs is a goo! #ay to pre&ent repetition" ch n(s of missing co!e or f nctions" an! share n!erstan!ing thro gh simple metho!s% The tra!eoff for creating a BML has also $een sho#n to $e mostly in agreeing on a !esign rather than creating the BML itself%

Parag C% Pen!har(ar an! ?ames A% ;o!ger% 2An empirical st !y of the impact of team si5e on soft#are !e&elopment%2 #nformation !echnology & Management. 8ol% @ *ss e 4" p213,292% Pen!har(ar an! ;o!ger se! fiel! !ata of o&er 200 soft#are pro0ects from &ario s in! stries to test the impact of team si5e an! other &aria$le on soft#are !e&elopment% The res lts state that soft#are si5e" team si5e" an! programming lang age type #ere all significant &aria$les in !e&elopment effort% This is important to my !isc ssion of ho# !ifferent programmers or soft#are !e&elopers ta(e !ifferent approaches to pro$lem an! ho# it can affect the o&erall pro! ct

Tran @ ;o$ert C% Martin% 2Professionalism an! Test,4ri&en 4e&elopment%2 #EEE Software% 8ol% 24 *ss e 3" p32,39% Martin recei&es cre!i$ility from $eing a part of the *EEE an! #rites a$o t ho# programmers ship co!e #ith less p to par + ality than s al simply $eca se of !ea!lines% 6e then goes thro gh ho# 2test !ri&en !e&elopment can help soft#are !e&elopers achie&e a higher !egree of professionalism2 -32. $y follo#ing three main r les an! the $enefits that come #ith the r les% 6e states that it m st al#ays $e (ept in min! to not #rite co!e $efore first #riting a failing nit test% Ne/t sho l! $e to not #rite more co!e than is s fficient to fail in the test" an! last is to not #rite more co!e than is s fficient to pass the test% Aollo#ing this a!&ice can easily pre&ent an o&era$ n!ance of co!e or a lac( of co!e" $oth of #hich #ill ca se a program not to perform at f ll capacity% This article helps foc s on ho# a set of r les can create a similar #ay of thin(ing $et#een programmers to reach the same concl sion #ith the same or proper metho!s%