1.

Biogas-Training

Introduction to Biogas Projects

Dr. Dunja Hoffmann, Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH Ankara, Ankara, 11.05.2011

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Starting point of the project

Environmental problem: Waste from livestock and waste water from agro industry is responsible for: Water pollution Greenhouse gas emissions Smell

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

2 level approach of the project?

1. National level: level: Promoting Framework conditions 2. Local level: Industrial pilot biogas plants in the regions

Development of a national biogas strategy Dialogue with political decision makers, private sector, science NGOs, Integration of sustainable biogas (waste, energy, fertilizer) in laws and regulations Capacity Building on national level (building up an neutral biogas/bioenergy institution) Private investment strategy for biogas (also PPP) Using german Know-How and technology Monitoring of impact

Support of the local government agencies and farmers capacities: Technical advisory for modernization of the agriculture, barns and construction of infrastructure and biogas Biogas investment trough private sector/investor Using German Know-How and technology Technical and financial support for holistic biogas concept biogas concepts (Feasibility studies, business planes, investment and operation models, construction support) Enforcement of the environmental laws

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Bioenergy projects in international cooperation

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Structure
GIZ in the Energy-Area and Biogas-Projects world wide General Information on Biogas production Important aspects for planning and development of biogas projects Important questions for implementing biogas potentials Steps to be followed to implement a biogas project Important parts and equipment of a industrial size biogas plant Main steps to calculate a biogas plant technically and economically

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

GTZ Services for Energy Regional Distribution Energy Projects 2009

Projektportfolio: 81 Vorhaben in 42 Lndern (Vol.: 230 million ) Asien / Pazifik: Afrika: Lateinamerika & Karibik: Sdosteuropa, Kaukasus, Zentralasien 36% 26% 24% 10%

Mittelmeer & Naher Osten: 4% Dr. Dunja Hoffmann, Mnster, 7.5.2009

Ongoing Biogas components

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Areas of action in the energy sector

Energy access/basic energy
Cooking energy Rural electrification

Renewable Energy
Wind energy Bioenergy Hydropower Mini-Hydropower Sustainable large Hydropower Solar energy Others (Geothermal, )

Energy Efficiency
EE in Buildings EE in Equipment EE in the Industry EE in therm. Power plants

Strategic processes, Energy and Climate protection

International Processes and Networks Energy planning Carbon markets / Emission trading

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

GTZ Targets of Energy Projects

Overarching goal: Poverty reduction Cover basic energy needs to improve living conditions Secure a sustainable economic development Reduce dependency on energy imports Reduce environmental damage Implement international conventions (i.e. Kyoto Protocol) Improve technical/organizational capacities of institutions and experts

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

GTZ Strategy
Goal: Sustainable Alignment of the Energy Sector
Demand-side orientation Support of endogenous capabilities and possibilities

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

GTZ Instruments and Levels of Intervention

International Level

Macro Level

developing appropriate sector and crosssector policies national and regional energy planning integrating energy efficiency and renewable energy promotion policies institutions building organizing multi-stakeholder initiatives supporting private sector activities (PPP) training/capacity building pilot dissemination of new technologies business development support audits, study tours, seminars

Coordination and co-operation with other DA-institutions

bilateral partnerships renewables2004 REN21 (www.ren21.net)

Multilevel approach

Meso Level

Micro Level

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Donor coordination

The GIZ Multi level approach for Renewable Energy

Macro Level
Policy consultancy to implement RE-Projects National and regional Energy planning Support of the RE-Markte by political targets

Meso Level

Development of service systems and institutions Organization of Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives Support of PPP-Activities

Mikro Level

Training, capacity building Development and Implementiation of diefferen model projekts with multiplication charakter Support for business development

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

IPCC-Technology-Cycle
Compatibility of GIZ-Activities in multi level approach

Basic Science

Applied Science and Development

Demonstration

Marketintroduction

Market coverage

Makro
R&D-Policy for climate frendly Technologies

Energy and Transport policy Strategy development RE & EnEff Tax incentives, Subventions Feed in conditions, Tarif systems Environmental standards

Meso
Cooperation with Science

Techn.Standards, Norms, Meassuring, Quality controll Technology consulting and Information Financing systems

Mikro

PPP-measures to implement innovative Technologies Technical an economic project planning Support of dissemination of new technologies

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Example: Special Energy Program (SEP) Morocco

Objective: Bilateral TC to adapt and disseminate RET Analyses of potentials and framework conditions Set-up of programmes for decentralised rural electrification Technology transfer, market tests, models of financing, quality control Electrification level less than 15% High share of fossil power plants Large potential for wind and solar energy Active private sector

250 MW wind saves 500,000 t CO2/a 250 MW wind parks = 300 Mill. $ investments

National programme for rural electrification with financing system 30,000 villages to be electrified Capital and service jobs substitute fuel imports 50 MW wind realised by private sector (additional:200 MW)

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Renewable Energy Project in Chile

Objective: Increase the percentage of renewable energies in the electrical grid to provide disctribution security
Basic Data

Partner: Comisin Nacional de Energas - CNE Start of the project: Agosto 2004 Duration: until October 2010 Budget: 4,2 Mo Financing: BMZ

Focus areas
Optimization of legal framework conditions by political consultancy Optimization of the investment climate for RE by support mechanisms and information Capacity Development in the public sector

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Renewable Energies Chile: Overview

Results for the protection of the climate

Projects entered into the Environmental Impact Assessment Evaluation System (SEIA) 2007 - late 2008 MW: 6% N: 10% N: 36% MW: 14%

In the last 2 years projects with a total capacity of more than 1.900 MW have been introduced to the DIA.

Projects in the environmental approval process (SEIA) 2007 - Late 2008

Type N MW Investment (Mio. US$) Baseline SIC-SING (2007) 117 18 191 326

MW: 80%

N: 54%

Hydropower Wind
Hydropower Wind Biomass

33 22 6 61

269,4 1.531,4 111,6 1.912

389,03 2.832,35 244,00 3.465,38

Biomass Total

Source: SEIA, CNE, own elaboration

When all the projects are implemented, implemented, 3.4 Mio. Mio. t CO2 - Emissions can be saved. saved.

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

16

TERNA Wind Energy

Results
Wind measurements Asia Bangladesch China Jordan Africa Ethiopia Mali Marocco Namibia Senegal Southafrika Latinamerica Colombia 1 1 20 MW implemented, 200-400 MW planned 9 1 3 2 2 2 ongoing Grid study 3 1 120 MW in legal process, legal framework. Interest of investors 60 MW implemented, 740 MW planned Interest of investors 50 MW Study, Interest of investors Political, technical and legal framework. Sites 3 1 2 1 2 Feasibility studies Sites 0,9 MW implementes TZ-program Wind, Legal framweork 90 MW in tender process Political consultancy Results

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

What do we support?
TERNA Phase 2 Windparks withTERNA-participation
390 MW in tendering 740 MW en planification Effect 330 Mio. Mio. / 4 Mio. Mio. = 75
1.000 Mio. Mio. / 4 Mio. Mio. = 250 !! 80 MW am Implemented 120 MW in construcction approx. approx. 120 Mio. 210 Mio.

Sustainability
Marocco: Marocco: Ethiopia: Ethiopia China: pol. Aim and planification to implement 1000 MW until 2012 Development of a national planification and implementaion and technology transfer by PPP own wind energy program for technology cooperation, capacity development

Southafrika: Southafrika: Western Cape planns implementation, ESKOM support of planning of implementation process on national level.

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

General aspects on biogas

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Biological process of biogas production

Degradable organic material fermentative Bacteria Sugar, organic acids, alcoholes Acetic acid building bacteria Acetic acids Hydrogen Methane building bacteria Biogas (esp. Methane and carbon dioxide)
Vereinfachte Darstellung des Abbaus organischer Substanz bei der Biogasgewinnung Quelle: FNR (2002)

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Typical areas where biogas is produced Waste water treatment plants Landfills Agriculture especifically in diary farms and meat production Industry with organic residues

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Waste water treatment Two general types of water treatment

Aerob treatment with oxigen the sludges still contain degradable biomass Anaerob witout oxigen production of metae sludges are stabilized

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Biogas in landfills and dumpsites Organic material is degrading non controlled production of gas with high methane content Landfills are in many countries obligated to capture the landfill gas Burning of this gas reduces greenhouse gas emissions Energy can also be used

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Types of biogas plants for solid residues

Individual plants Cooperation Plants Different farmers or Integration of other partners, such as investors, external substrate deliverer etc. Agricultural plants use only agricultural residues (without external contamination) Output of the plant is used for agricultural fertilizing Plants with organic residues Municipal and industrial residues, sludges, fat separator etc. Require hygenization (depending on law) to be used in agriculture

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Biogasplant with cofermentation

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Principio functional de una planta CHP

Dunja Hoffmann: Desarrollo y gestin de proyectos de bioenerga

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Motores de biogs como CHPs

Dunja Hoffmann: Desarrollo y gestin de proyectos de bioenerga

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Biogas yields by different substrates

Dunja Hoffmann: Desarrollo y gestin de proyectos de bioenerga

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Gute Biogassubstrate

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Dunja Hoffmann: Desarrollo y gestin de proyectos de bioenerga

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

General framework for biogas plants

Enough substrates and cosubstrates For single farm plants >100 GV (German conditions) The more the better Minor transport distances for common plants: Manure 2-5 km Renewable primary products up to 10 km Wastes with disposal revenues up to 50 km Heat customer as close as possible (max. 1 km) Access to feeding point for electricity

General conditions depend on legal framework for input material

Dunja Hoffmann: Desarrollo y gestin de proyectos de bioenerga

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

GIZ Experience in the biogas area

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Types of Biogas projects

By objective:
Poverty reduction by energy access Waste water treatment by anerobic digestion Reduction of CO2 emissions Production of renewable energy Generation of economic benefits

By Inputs:
Agricultural Residues: Manure, dung, residues from animal feed etc. Industrial residues: organic residues from food and feed proessing industry, from pharmaceutical industry, slaughter houses etc. Municipal Residues : Organic residues from housholds, separaded or non separaded

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Types of Biogas projects

By Technology
Low cost: mainly to use gas in decentral areas Middle cost lagoon plants : for waste waters with high organic contend and use of own energy content High tech-Plants: For the optimized production of energy, mainly to sell energy (in many cases to sell electricity to the grid)

Technology
Wet fermentation Dry fermentation

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

What powerplants are relevant for the technical cooperation?

From the past until now: Decentralized powerplants for the electricity generation for poor people, Many powerplants in China, India, Nepal Very little positive long-term experience in Africa and Latinamerica Gtz had an approach in biogas with its institution GATE Current: Comeback of biogas powerplant oriented towards the reduction of poverty due to the rise of energy prices. Today: Developing countries have own expierience in the field of anaerobic water treatment Reduction of environemental pollution, in many cases based on environmental laws. First powerplants exist, that uses agricultural waste for the electricity production, which is consumed within the company (eg Brazil, Thailand, China) CDM process makes the burning of landfill gas economical from the energy point of view this is not always efficient The agricultural industry and economy discovered the energy potential of biogas and ask for the technology and knowledge

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Development of biogas priorities in the development cooperation

High-Tech
Aim: Efficient electricity generation and feed-in to the grid Coutries: China, Philippines, Chile, Turkey

Middle-Tech
Aim: Reduction of pollution / CDM and energy production for own use Countries: Brasili, China, Thailand, India

Decentralized Houshold-plants

Aim: Electricity generation, cooking / lighting Countries: Nepal, India, China Increasing development / economic growth in countries and regions

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Example: Biogas in Cambodia

The insufficient access to reliable power is an important reason for poverty and low standards of living and results in low economic productivity of enterprises.

Objective of the project:

Improve the living conditions of people in the country by using renewable energies

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Concept of the cooperation in Cambodia

Activities at different levels:
Macro: Policy advice / Awareness raising for the implementation options of decentralized RE projects; preparation of models and experiences for the further spread recommendations for the support of the RE market by political guidelines Meso: Dissemination of information to entrepreneurs, training of service providers (especially in the field of biogas) Micro: Development and implementation of several pilot projects with multiplication character, PPP projects

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Current biogas projects: Thailand

The topic biogas production already exists in Thailand for 20 years Used to clean water from the palm industry Start the CDM technology with comparably cheap technology Problem: Efficiency reaches only 30% of the expected The adequate amount of certificates CDM (CER) is not received Therefore: Development of an association to support biogas plant operators Implementation of monitoring systems to improve the analysis (PPP with CDM developer First Climate) Participation of Thai operators and developers in a GIZ workshop in China

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Current biogas projects: China

More and more large projects are implemented in China, but the efficiency of the plants is very low.
In cooperation with the Ministry of Agriculture the project was developed

Use of bioenergy for heat and power production in the framework of technical cooperation

Renewable Energies: Optimization of Efficient Biomass Utilization

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Example: EZ-approach in the SINO-German

Vertical Support to
Biogas-DEMO Projects

Biomass Utilization Project: Renewable Energies Optimization of Biomass Utilization

Horizontal Support to ADB sub-projects

Component B: Capacity building, dissemination and replication for large scale biogas plants Component C: Sector policy framework Component D: Technical support to central and provincial PM for ADB Project implementation

Component A: Support to 3-5 Biogas best practice demonstration projects in 2-3 Provinces

Biogas in the GIZ Dr. Dunja Hoffmann 17.02.2010

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Short List of 19 Demo project candidates and 7 Demo Projects proposals (green)* 7
see Annex 3: Preliminary short list of 7 SINOGERMAN Demonstration Projects

Biomass Utilization Project MOA/GTZ China

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Lunan Yingtai, Shandong: ADB+GEF+CEFPF+GTZ Demoproject chicken breeding and processing 2mn Chicken from 40 farms and 40.000 c/d processing Centralized co-fermentation project (chicken-chicken-sewage sludge from slaughterhouse) Cooperation capacity: high as partner of MC-Donalds, KFC, Japan and Europe, and the existing WWTP as a reference ADB+GEF+CEFPF+GTZ , NDRC (MOA support), private investors (DEG,) middle size 40.000t/yr, 0.9 MW, budget: 27.6 million CNY, Planner: FSR by Tianren, detail designer and BG technology to be decided Specific site requirement: in the JingHang water supply canal protection area, Provincial Training Center possible

Main Risk: BG technology selection

Biomass Utilization Project MOA/GTZ China

Renewable Energy Programme

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Suichuan, Jiangxi, (middle size pig BGP)

middle size, 20.000 pigs 36.000 t/yr, 0.1 MW, ADB (MOA support) 8 Million CHY failed with UASB BGP investment in 2005 CDM: project too small Planner: not decided Main Risk: small budget, low project owner motivation towards GTZ TA support.

Biomass Utilization Project MOA/GTZ China

Renewable Energy Programme

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

India: India: PPPPPP-Project with EnviTec Biogas AG

Partner: EnviTec Biogas AG; Malavalli Power Plant Private Limited MPPPL; GTZ Objective: Adaptation of the Envitec biogas technology to Indian conditions, particularly by building reliable policy-makers for sustainable electricity supply through biogas. By 2012, implementation of 750 MWel Assistance in determining Measures: relevant framework requirements Study of locally available biomass Comparison of technologies of resources and development of a biogas plants in India, and Germany "best practice" model Analysis of the Input-materials Monitoring of the construction of four plans (MW size) at various locations in India (Maharashtra, Karnataka, Punjab) strong delay by delaying the start of construction Accompanying study of the social acceptance of the plants for biogas plants Training of the operating personnel Sensitisation of decision makers and other actors of the biomass supply chain

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

India: India: PPPPPP-Project with EnviTec Biogas AG

Reasons to penetrate the Indian market (according to EnviTec) EnviTec)
Large electricity supply gap in rural areas Appropriate conditions and financing options FeedFeed-in tariffs existent Favorable market situation with supporting loan programs Carbon Credits Creation of jobs in the bioenergy sector Establishment of further industry through the electrification

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Chances of biogas projects

Biogas is an option for different types of goals Biogas can be used as an energy storage in different forms (direct use of gas, heat energy, electrical energy, gas entering the grid, liquid, implementation as fuel) Biogas facilitates the use of waste that would otherwise cause environmental problems The substrate of a biogas plant can be used as fertilizer (High Quality) The plant size can be adapted to the need for the project.

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Challenges
Biogas projects need to be adapted to the location Planning defines the efficiency of the plant Operators must be trained High efficiency and high quality technology require a higher investment New markets mean challenges and technical adaptation to the requirements of the country German companies in the area of biogas currently do not depend on markets in developing or emerging countries and thus have only limited motivation to develop projects in these countries The implementation of large scale projects on an economic base requires the installation of a structure for the operation and maintenance (Maintenance of engines and technical details)

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Challenges in developing new biogas markets

Technical feasibility Availability of materials, know-how, local institutions and personnel, will to implementation, technical adaptation to local conditions Investment security legal and political framework Economic framework conditions sales possibilities for the products (electricity, heat, gas, fertilizer, CO2 certificates, environmental services) Sustainability assurance of the sustainable operation, knowledge transfer Maintenance structures required minimum sizes, know-how Cultural knowledge avoid misunderstandings, create realistic planning and implementation planning

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

The services offered by GIZ for new biogas markets

Support of First-Movers through PPP-Projects Development and promotion of business models Capacity Building (project developers, staff for the construction, operation, production of components) Support for horizontal policy integration Advice on grid feed in, in grid connection, etc. (Further) development of licensing procedures Building supply and disposal chains Development of standards / quality of infrastructure Construction of a biogas partnership network for the promotion of knowledge cooperation

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Important aspects for the planning of biogas projects

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Activation of bioenergy potentials

Potential owner

Identificaction of potentials Technology selection Preparation requirements Economic feasibility Dimensioning of the plant Financing of the plant Operation of the plant Electricity generation Electricity distribution
Energy consumer

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Aspects for project development (1)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Definition of the project objectives Definition of the project location or region Definition of the potentials Definition of the project actors Market for the products and potentials Selection and design of the technology and possible scenarios 7. Economic calculation 8. Financing

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Aspects for project development (2)

9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Negotiation with the actors Detailed planning Licensing Construction Operation

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Project objectives (1)

Meeting a necessity
Necessities exist Necessities must be highlighted or dismissed

Generate solutions for problems

Generate benefits

Which problems are the most important ones? Who has the problems? The project solves perfectly the problem or the solution is a secondary issue? What approaches exist to solve the existing problems? Operation on an economic base

What means economic for the investor?

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Project objectives (2)

Generate energy
What type of energy is to be / shall be generated? Are there consumers for the generated energy? Are more byproducts generated? Are there consumers for the byproducts?

Presentation object for innovation

Presentation object for the field of environment

What objectives and assumptions does the partner have for the project?

Are there funds from other parts for the support of the project?

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Questions for the investigation of potentials

Which area are we talking about? What potential-categories do we consider? How are they calculated? Who owns the potentials? Which value do they have? Which parts of the potentials are already being used? How can they be activated?

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Types of potentials
Capital potential Labor potential Infrastructure potential Area potential Environmental potential Market potential (consumer) Sociocultural potential Decisions Landscape potential Potentials of renewable energies consist of several of these potentials

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Theoretical potentials
Maximum of the sustainable potential that exists and for which the technical use is possible Primarily energetic potential Not considering losses through harvest or transport

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Technical / ecological potential

Amount of technical potential that can be transformed into an energy container with existing technologies and considering the existing laws and principles of sustainability The ecological potentials are included

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Economic potentials
Potential that is implemented by the actors in case they receive an economical benefit from the implementation of the potentials These potentials are always influenced by the specifications of the economy of an investment, by the political conditions, support and expected prices for substitutes Depend on the time, place and preferences of the actors

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Long-term implementable potentials

Economic potentials that do not consider the monetary and technical restrictions

For the implementation of such, a change in the structure of the shortage situation is needed as well as a change of sub-optimal laws and the elimination of non-monetary barriers (information, communication, qualification)

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Potentials available at short-term Potential that can be made available within one year with the existing political and economical conditions and structures Initiation potential

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Potentials of bioenergy
Theoretic potentials Long term available potentials/ Technical and ecologic Potentials Economic Potencials Potenciales disponibles que no son econmicos

Potenciales econmicos que no pueden ser implementados por obst!culos no eliminables Implementacin econmico est! di"icultado por obst!culos que se tiene que eliminar Implementacin a corto plazo probables por que no ha grandes obst!culos

Implementable Potentials

Short term available potentials / accessable potentials Actual Implementation

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Finding available potentials

The availability of potentials depends on the situation of the producer and on the existing prices for the products/waste All the potentials have a different price With the available potentials a problem can be solved or systems can be improved

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Clasificacion of biomases
1.1

Forestal Agroindustria Desechos de plantaciones Desechos de poda y maleza Residuos de matadero Grasas y aceites Lodos PTA Residuos slidos urbanos R!"# $sti%rcol a&'cola

Biomasa
1

1.2

Biomasa seca

1.3

1.4

Biomasa hmeda
2.1

1.5

Residuo industrial li(uido Ril# Aguas residuales domesticas $sti%rcol &acuno $sti%rcol porcino

1.6

1.7 2.2

1.8

2.3

1.9

2.4

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Potentials of the agroindustry

Theoretical and techical potentials: Potenciales tericos y tcnicos: All the waste produced in the process Available potentials: Waste, that has a lower price or higher costs for the company than the use of bioenergy market assessment for the use of waste expected development in the future

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Calculation of potencials
The best data are the exact data of different years almost never exist Si no hay datos exactos, se tiene que buscar factores para acercar los datos los mas posible y definir los puntos inseguros
% del producto que est residuo Fracciones de los residuos (orgnicos inorganicos, ligninosa sin lignocelulosa) Residuos por unidad de animales

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Calculacin de potenciales
Produccin durante el ao
Cambio de la composicin Meses con alta y baja produccin

Reduce los potenciales que se pierde en la cosecha, durante el transporte o el procedimiento

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Important aspects in order to define potentials of biogas (1)

Where are the potentials/substrates? How far are the residuals from the plant? What kind of transport can be used (truck, pumps)? How are the substrats generated (the quality of the material depends on the process)? Are there differences between the substrates of one single place (time, part of the process etc.)? When do these potentials occur? What is the percentage of dry material they contain? What is the percentage of organic percentage they contain?

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Biogas Production
Corn Silage 1 Mg 30% TS Wheat Silage 1 Mg 30% TS Grass Silage 1 Mg 30% TS Cattle Manure 1 Mg 8% TS Pig Manure 1 Mg 6% TS Poultry Manure 1 Mg 24% TS Kitchen Waste 1 Mg 20% TS Potato Residues 1 Mg 20% TS Fats 1 Mg 25% TS 94% VS 90% VS 89% VS 80% VS 75% VS 85% VS 90% VS 95% VS 95% VS 700 l/kgVS 600 l/kgVS 550 l/kgVS 200/500 l/kgVS 350/500 l/kgVS 300/550 l/kgVS 700 l/kgVS 620 l/kgVS 1.000 l/kgVS 197 m Biogas 162 m Biogas 145 m Biogas 13/32 m Biogas 16/23 m Biogas 61/112 m Biogas 126 m Biogas 118 m Biogas 238 m Biogas

Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Important aspects in order to define potentials of biogas (2)

Who is the owner of the present potentials (reliable availability?)? How are the potentials currently being used? Which price/value do the potentials currently generate? Are there problems which need to be solved regarding the substrats? What happens with the substrats if they need to be stored?

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Current use of the potentials

Actors involved in the management of the potentials
How is the relationship among the actors? Who keeps the knowledge and the infrastructure to handle the potentials? Will some lose if we change the way of treatment? Are there long-term contracts?

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Actors of the project

Provider of the potential Current user of the potentials Responsible authorities Actors with know-how or the infrastructure for parts or aspects of the projects Beneficiaries of the current situation

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Actors of the project

Consumers of energy Consumers of physicial products Haulers Responsible authorities Beneficiaries of the project Negatively affected actors

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Communication among the actors

How are the connections between the different actors? How do the actors communicate with each other? Are there organizations who ware geting actors together? What kind of comunication is needed to implement the project?

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Possible markets (1)

Electric energy
Electricity grid
Fixed price for each kWh Different prices for defined times of the day

Company as a consumer of electric energy

Capacity required Piek time The whole consumption

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

 Thermal energy

Possible markets (2)

Low temperature heat (< 90 C) High temperature heat (>90 C) Water vapor

Company as a consumer

With co-generation: warming-up water up to 85C Creation of new consumers of low temperature heat

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Possible markets (3)

Cold energy
Company as a consumer of coldness in adsorption system

Gas
Company consuming gas for combustion Gas grid with pre-treatment Gas bottle or balloon for decentral consumption with pretreatment and compression Gas as a combustible with pre-treatment and compression (infrastructure is necessary)

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Possible markets (4)

Liquid fertilizers Compressed solid fertilizers
Local agriculture Regional agriculture Local agriculture with irrigation

Composted solid fertilizers

Local agriculture Regional agriculture Municipality for parks and gardens Private persons (via regional markets)

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Possible markets (5)

Service fees for waste collection
Industry pays less for residuals Company gains more for its residuals Municipalities reduce problems connected with organic residuals In the long-run municipalities reduce costs for treatment of residuals Dumpsite operator increases life-time of dumpsite

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Possible markets (6)

Market for certificates for carbon dioxid emission
CDM-market Voluntary market

Register the project in order to certificate the project and to generate income for each tonne of CO2 reduced

Residuals

Dumpsite/waste collection Use in other processes

As a product As a combustible

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Analysis of the market

What are the conditions of the markets or the companies where the products are being produced? What are the prices at present and in the future? What requires each product in order to be sold? What are competing products? Which product is the most valuable according to the market analysis?

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Selection and design of the technology under possible scenarios

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Selection of the technology

Which technologies exist in order to implement the potentials given the existing markets? What is the optimal plant size to achieve the objectives? Does the technology exist already completely or partly in the region or the country? Which parts and knowledge is lacking and needs to be brought from other parts of the country or outside the country?

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Demand side analysis

In the case of one company buying the energy the demand for energy needs to be calculated Consumption of electric energy in kWh/month Energy prices with high or low consumption levels system to calculate energy costs

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

1.200

kW electric installed

Example
High season:
May until September between 18 and 23 oclock

1.000 800 600 400 200 0

Generador Red electrica

Precio pro medio de electicidad/mes en $ (incluso cargo fijo) 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

Precio pro medio de electicidad/mes en $ (incluso cargo fijo)

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Analysis for demand of energy

Thermal energy can be utilized in different forms Important:
Form of the energy container Quality of the energy Quantity of energy in kWh/month Capacity of the installed energy Days of operation/week Hours of operation/day Demand for low-temperature heat

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Consumption of monthly thermal energy

3.000 2.500
kW thermico

2.000 1.500 1.000 500 0

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Lnea de duracin del consumo de calor

Capacity kW

Time (hours)

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Creation of scenarios

Dependent on various factors:

Objective of project model project , industrial project etc. Potentials various technologies Demand various plants or demands for a restricted option Product prices different efforts in order to realize the prices Possibilities to combine technologies search for the best combination

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Biogas Technology

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Biogas concept with upright digester

Substrate manure organic waste energy crops mixer Gas utilization CHP (power, heat) direct use (heating, cooking, light) upgrading (gas grid fuel, fuel cell)

Biogas

mixer Storage Tank Upright digester Pump Secondary digester Digested substrate storage and use as fertilizer treatment

Input device piston pump, screw etc. (solids) pump (fluids)

Heat exchanger

Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Tall Digester, Top Mounted Mixer

Operation Top Mounted Mixer Permanent=24 h/d 13-18 rds/m 11,5 30 KW Frequency inverter for low energy consumption

Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

BGA Wietzendorf, Germany Built: 2000-2002 Digester: 4 x 2,500 m, steel tanks CHP: 4 x 2.1 MWe gas engines Substrate: potato waste

Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Top mounted mixer

Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Biogas concept with flat digester

Substrate manure organic waste energy crops Gas utilization CHP (power, heat) direct use (heating, cooking, light) upgrading (gas grid fuel, fuel cell)

Biogas

mixer Storage Tank Digester Pump

mixer Secondary digester Digested substrate storage and use as fertilizer treatment
Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.

Input device piston pump, screw etc. (solids) pump (fluids)

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

BGA Porta, Spain Built: 2006 Digester: 1,360 m, concrete tank CHP: 191 kWe dual fuel engine Substrate: pig manure, waste

Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Flat digester, submerged mixer

Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Biogas concept with a horizontal digester

Substrate manure organic waste energy crops Gas utilization CHP (power, heat) direct use (heating, cooking, light) upgrading (gas grid fuel, fuel cell)

stirrer paddle

Biogas

mixer Storage Tank Digester Input device piston pump, screw etc. (solids) Pump Secondary digester Digested substrate storage and use as fertilizer treatment

Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Stirring and mixing technology Horizontal digester

Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Relevant aspects for planning of a biogas plant

Type of input substrate Amount of input substrate per year Local circumstances Heat usage Pre treatment, pasteurisation Automation level

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Relevant aspects for planning of a biogas plant

Calculation of biogas amount Size of digester Size of engine Flow sheet Site layout Estimate of costs

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Introduction into Planning and Construction

Important building materials concrete steel construction work tanks Suitable material for equipment PVC, PE, Steel, stainless steel Technical principals pumps, valves Special parts Process control units
Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Important building materials

Where do we need tanks ? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Digester, secondary digester Storage tanks Reception tanks Mixing tanks Gas holder

Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Important building materials

How to differentiate the tanks ? 1. By function 2. By material
Concrete (in situ; precast; pre-stressed) Steel (glass coated steel; stainless steel) Others (fiberglass)

Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Concrete or Steel Tank ?

Main argument is the price if the design is done properly Typical types of use
Concrete tanks as storage tanks or flat digester: diameter up to 30 m; height up to 8 m Concrete tanks as high digesters: up to 14 m by 14 m diameter (500 kW-plant ) Steel tanks as high digester: height more than 15 m by 15 m diameter (for example 18*18 m for a 1 MW-plant )

Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Comparison
Digester made of concrete construction on site by local companies concrete has to be protected at least in the gas phase cheaper < 2,500 m volume (in Germany) tightness has to be tested after 28-56 days renaturation difficult Digester made of glass coated steel preproduction in the factory (only 3 - 4 companies worldwide) corrosion protection by enameling cheaper > 2,500 m volume tightness can be tested after 4 weeks; leakiness very few and easy to correct recycable
Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Concrete tank under construction

SCHORNBUSCH

Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Concrete tank under construction:

Excursion concrete concrete Concrete is a mixture of water, gravel and cement. By using reinforced concrete the good attributes of steel and the good attributes of concrete are combined Concrete: cheap, high compression strength Steel: high tensile strength Concrete is alkaline and protects the steel from corrosion

Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Steel tank under construction:

Erection of the roof

Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Steel tank under construction: Growing tank

Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Steel tank under construction

Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Steel tank under construction

Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Equipment: ladders, inspection glass, flanges

Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Requirement of pre treatment of materials for the technology

Definition of the requirement of pre treatment
Solid content Water content Content of disrupting materials Size of particles

Definition of pre treatment technology Definition of material loss and energy consume by pre treatment

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Massenbilanz Mass Massbalance balance - Without process water Methane: 55 % Input Input (t/a) Input (t/d) Total solids (%) Total solids (t/a) Total solids (t/d) Volatile solids (% TS) Volatile solids (t/a) Volatile solids (t/d) Water (t/a) Water (t/d) spec. Gas Production rate (m/t VS) (dry gas, Normal conditions 1,25 kg/m ) Biogas Gas production (m/a) Gas production (m/d) Gas production (t/a) Gas production (t/d) Water content: Wet Gas 37 C (t/a) Wet Gas 37 C (t/d) Reactor effluent Total solids (t/a) Total solids (t/d) Volatile solids (t/a) Volatile solids (t/d) Water (t/a) Water (t/d) Output (t/a) Total solids (%) Process water 0 0,00 5,0% 0,0 0,0 50,0% 0 0,0 0 0 75

Pig manure 0 0,00 4,5% 0,0 0,0 82,0% 0 0,0 0 0 400

Pig dung 0 0,00 30,0% 0,0 0,0 82,0% 0 0,0 0 0 450

Water 0 0,00 0,0% 0,0 0,0 0,0% 0 0,0 0 0 0

Gras silage 15.000 41,10 30,0% 4500,0 12,3 89,0% 4.005 11,0 10.500 29 500

Total 15.000 41,10 30,0% 4500,0 12,3 89,0% 4.005 11 10.500 29

11%

0 0 0 0,00 0 0 0,00

0 0 0 0,00 0 0 0,00

0 0 0 0,00 0 0 0,00

2.002.500 5.486 2.503 6,86 275 2.778 7,61

0 0 0 0,00 0 0 0,00

2.002.500 5.486 2.503 6,86 275 2.778 7,61

1.997 5 1.502 4 10.225 28

Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.

12.222 16,3%

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Massenbilanz

Mass balance

-With process water

Pig manure 0 0,00 4,5% 0,0 0,0 82,0% 0 0,0 0 0 400 Pig dung 0 0,00 30,0% 0,0 0,0 82,0% 0 0,0 0 0 450 Water 0 0,00 0,0% 0,0 0,0 0,0% 0 0,0 0 0 0 Gras silage 15.000 41,10 30,0% 4500,0 12,3 89,0% 4.005 11,0 10.500 29 500 Process water 16.000 43,84 5,0% 800,0 2,2 50,0% 400 1,1 15.200 42 75 Total 31.000 84,93 17,1% 5300,0 14,5 83,1% 4.405 12 25.700 70

Methane: 55 % Input Input (t/a) Input (t/d) Total solids (%) Total solids (t/a) Total solids (t/d) Volatile solids (% TS) Volatile solids (t/a) Volatile solids (t/d) Water (t/a) Water (t/d) spec. Gas Production rate (m/t VS) (dry gas, Normal conditions 1,25 kg/m ) Biogas Gas production (m/a) Gas production (m/d) Gas production (t/a) Gas production (t/d) Water content: Wet Gas 37 C (t/a) Wet Gas 37 C (t/d) Reactor effluent Total solids (t/a) Total solids (t/d) Volatile solids (t/a) Volatile solids (t/d) Water (t/a) Water (t/d) Output (t/a) Total solids (%)

11%

0 0 0 0,00 0 0 0,00

0 0 0 0,00 0 0 0,00

0 0 0 0,00 0 0 0,00

2.002.500 5.486 2.503 6,86 275 2.778 7,61

30.000 82 35 0,10 4 39 0,11

2.032.500 5.568 2.539 6,95 279 2.818 7,72

2.761 8 1.866 5 25.421 70

Fuente: Krieg&Fischer Ing.

28.182 9,8%

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Dimensioning of a plant
Calculation of energy content of available and pre treated input material during the year Definition of energetic yield of the plant conversion losses Calculation of daily input in tons Calculation of storage capacity befor and after the plant in m3 Consideration of given rules and laws (e.g. time with prohibited application of organic fertilizers) Dimensioning of the fermenter Dimensioning of energy production unit (Motor, CHP, Calefaccin)

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Compiling a Biogas Plant

Energy calculation overview

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Energy Calculation, Part 1

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Energy Calculation, Part 2

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Energy Calculation, Part 3

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Comparison of consumption and supply of heat energy

2.000.000 1.800.000 1.600.000 1.400.000 1.200.000 1.000.000 800.000 600.000 400.000 200.000 0
En e Fe r o br er M o ar zo Ab ri M l ay o Ju ni o Ju A g lio Se o pt sto ie m b O re ct No u b vie re Di mb r ci em e br e

kWh/mes

kWh para calentar el agua hasta 85 C posible oferta de la planta de biogs en kWh termico

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Economic calculation

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Economic calculation
Calculation of costs
Costs of investment Expenditures of explotation

Calculation of revenues Annual profit

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Costs of investment
Planning Tender Reception of material Pre treatment of material Technology to use the material Technology to produce energy Technology to sterilize (if necessary) Internal transport (pumps, screws etc.) Electrical internal connections Buildings Storage tank Infrastructure Connections to the consumer

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Amortisation
Distribution of the costs of the investment for its lifetime After lifetime time new investment is necessary reserves for future investment or paying for financing Duration of amortisation
Buildings: 20 years Technologies: 15 years CHP: 10 years

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Annual expenditures
Amortisation Personnel (working time) Maintenance (machinery, substituting parts, external services) Insurance Raw material Interest

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Annual income
Sale of electric energy Sale of heat Sale of gas Sale of products (e. g. fertilizers) Income from waste collection Income for carbon-certificates

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Calculation of benefits

Annual income annual costs = Annual profit

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Calculation of liquidation
Object of the liquidation calculation: Knowing the actual year in which payment is required Calculating the obligations and costs of each year For the costs consider the credit costs, not the amortisation

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Income surplus during the life time of a plant

500.000,00 0,00 1 -500.000,00 -1.000.000,00 -1.500.000,00 -2.000.000,00 -2.500.000,00 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Comparison of outflows of liquid resources

Pagos sumarios de una calefaccin de madera

4.000.000,00 3.500.000,00 3.000.000,00 2.500.000,00 2.000.000,00 1.500.000,00 1.000.000,00 500.000,00 0,00

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15

Summierte Abflsse Petroleum l Summierte Abflsse Wood Holz

Jahre

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Thank you for your attention!

Turkish-German Biogas Project Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH And Sokak No: 8/11 06680 Cankaya/Ankara, TURKEY T T E I I +90 312 466 7056 +49 6196 79830 007 biogas-tr@giz.de www.giz.de www.biyogaz.web.tr

Author: Dr. Dunja Hoffmann, Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH

This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.