Ashkenazim- Jews of central and Eastern Europe or their decedents, distinguished from the Sephardim chiefly by their liturgy,

religious customs and pronunciation of Hebrew. Came from germany, reform movement- most liberal branch of judaism, didnt want to stand out and wanted to be Americans became assimilated with wearing same clothes and adopted names, etc, Yiddish language. Ash Wednesday- the first day of lent observed by Christians. It is held on the Wednesday which is 40 days prior to Easter. Ashes are palms burned and blessed are a symbol of penance made sacramental by the blessing of the Church, and they help us develop a spirit of humility and sacrifice. Marks the beginning of the Season of Lent. It is a season of penance, reflection, and fasting which prepares us for Christ's Resurrection on Easter Sunday, through which we attain redemption. Bar Mitzvah- son of the commandment. Age of 13 for boys. the advent of puberty for the male scared ceremony in which the family and friends celebrate a young boys becoming responsible to his religious duties. Demonstrates his religious maturity by reading from the scroll of the torah in the synagogue. Bat Mitzvah- daughter of the commandment. Age of 12 for girls. She delivers a learned ornation, invited guests give her presents, rabbi gives her a blessing. Exclusivism- the belief that ones truth is the only truth valid truth. My religion is not only true, but its the only truth! belief that only one religion is true and those that are opposed to it are false. Personal faith in Jesus is the only way to heaven. And that salvation is only possible through Jesus Christ, and that all followers of false religions are bound for hell. Relative exclusivism asserts that conversion is necessary, examples are Christianity and Islam. Absolute exclusivism asserts that one must be born into the religion to be a true adherent, examples are the religions of Athens. Extraordinary- helps people transcend or move beyond their everyday. Grows at borders of life as we know I and seeks cross over. transcending/ go beyond/ cross the boundary of ordinary religion to supernatural religion. Explicit- Extraordinary religion lies outside the ordinary religion of society. It is clear what to do; visible; tries to reach the supernatural; gives people names for the unknown; provides access for the world beyond & concerns itself for what lies outside the boundary. Hasidim- descendants of an 18th century eastern European mystical movement. is a branch of Orthodox Judaism that promotes spirituality through the popularization and internalization of Jewish mysticism as the fundamental aspect of the faith. Stands for piety. They maintained the highest standard of religious observance or moral action. Ultra orthodox jewish group- came to america to practice their religion by themselves and wanted nothing to do with american culture.

Holocaust- the murder of nearly 6 million Jews by Germany and its allies during the years between 1933 and 1945. They were murdered for no other reason than for being Jewish. The ultimate horror occurred in enlightened Germany under Adolf Hitler. Inclusivim- the recognition that one belief system is the only true and valid one but believe that other religions contain some truth and their followers are deserving of respect even though those beliefs might be in conflict with ones own view of truth. My religion is true for me; your religion is true for you. Is the belief that God is present in non-Christian religions to save those who lead moral lives but may have incomplete or no knowledge of Him and through Christ theyre saved by his mercy. Kachina- various ancestral spirits defined by the Hopi Indians masked dancers; kachina dolls; dancers impersonate spirits. Kiva- sacred pit houses where the various clans conducted rituals from which women were excluded. Liturgy- forms and content of public service for church worship as defined by various faith groups. Monotheism- the covenant sense of a relationship with god, belief in only one god. The belief that no other God existed- that the God of Israel was the God of all. When these prophets began to interpret the history of Israel in the light of the covenant, they came to see the God of Israel as the universal God of all nations. Mystical body of Christ- spirit and matter together by understanding the church Nativism- continuing fact of catholic life through much of 19th century and after. Anti- catholic, such as the KKK, all born with original sin. Ordinary religion- religion that is more or less synonymous with culture shows people how to live well within boundaries. Living within the boundary or living within the American culture).Shows people how to live well within boundaries. The way things are and are expected to be. Implicit- Ordinary religion might for some not seem to be religion at all and it is mostly unconscious, things/ habits we take for granted. Oral tradition- community cultural and historical traditions passed down by word of mouth. Paraliturgical devotions- special personal ways for Catholics to worship Jesus venerate Mary or honor the saints. Pogroms- organized massacres. Prevalent in Russia. Purgatory- after death a person undergoes a period of suffering and purification before entering heaven.

Rabbi- a leader of a Jewish synagogue. Rebbe- teachers of the torah. Religious orders- a community of men or women who carry out the specialized work of the church ex: missions Pluralism- the recognition and affirmation that there are many different peoples and many different religions in the world. Respects all religions as entities in and of itself and that all religions are true. America is pluralistic.Every religion has something true to tell us. Does not necessarily say that all will be saved, only that all religions are capable of leading to God. Shaman- a Native American community holy person who uses ecstatic techniques such as trance, visions and dreams to bring scared knowledge and healing powers to the community Shema- Jewish prayer, repeated morning evening and just before going to sleep. Sephardim- oldest Jewish immigrants with religious culture and ritual practice which followed Babylonian tradition of Jewish law and observance. Torah- is known as the jewish law. the revelation of gods will and word to humanity. The first five books of Hebrew bible which include the 10 commandments given by god to gods people. Tribe- a gathering of people who form a community that claims a common ancestry and tradition. Trickster figure- shape shifters who could assume any form they chose midst their adventure. Vision quest- preformed alone on a scared hill away from camp adolescence men sought a vision in which guardian spirit would reveal relationships to seeker and bestow the knowledge or power desired. Vatican council 2- meeting in Rome of all the bishops of the church with the pope who discarded older forms and admitting new 1962-1965. Council of all bishops that brought language to the appropriate regions. Songs added, nuns didnt have to dress in their gowns, everyone fit in and looked like everyone else. Wakan- holy. Wovoka- religious prophet a Paiute Indian from Nevada named jack Wilson. Zionism- the idea of a return to Israel conservative Jews mainly orthodox 1860-1904.