Gladys Ericka Galang 2012-56501 Ectodermal Derivatives The Central Nervous System STRUCTURE ORIGIN Prosencephalon Neural Tube

#u ure si e o$ Neural Tube elencephalon #u ure si e o$ Neural Tube &iencephalon 'esencephalon .ho"bencephalon Prosocoel Telocoel &iocoel Epiphysis 1n$undibulu" 2ypophysis 'esocoel .ho"bocoel 3n erior Choroid Ple-us 7asal Pla es Pos erior Choroid Ple-us /pinal Cord Neural Tube Neural Tube Neurocoel Neurocoel Neurocoel Neural Tube Neural Tube Neural Tube Neurocoel Neurocoel Neural Tube Neural Tube Neural Tube Neural Tube FATE IN THE ADU T FROG Telencephalon, diencephalon Telencephalon% cerebral he"isphere Thala"us, diencephalon, hypo halaus +p ic lobes 'yelencephalon 'e encephalon 1s and 2nd !en ricle o$ cerebral he"isphere 1s and 2nd !en ricle o$ cerebral he"isphere 0rd !en ricle o$ cerebral he"isphere Pineal body Pos erior pi ui ary gland 3n erior pi ui ary gland 35ueduc o$ /yl!ius 6 h !en ricle 3n erior choroids ple-us 'yelencephalon Pos erior Choroid ple-us /pinal cord FUNCTION Cen ral ner!ous sys e" Con rols !olun ary "uscles "o!e"en 'a(or relay s a ion $or sensory in$or"a ion on i s )ay o he cerebru"* regula ion o$ body e"pera ure and )a er balance ,isual and audi ory re$le- cen ers 'uscle Coordina ion con rols respira ion, brea hing ra e,e c "uscle coordina ion Co""unica es )i h ca!i y o$ he ol$ac ory bulbs, passage)ay o$ C/# Co""unica es )i h ca!i y o$ he ol$ac ory bulbs, passage)ay o$ C/# Co""unica es )i h he la eral !en ricles hru he #ora"en o$ 'onro, passage)ay o$ C/# /ecre es "ela onin /ecre es o-y ocin, an idiure ic hor"one, !as ocin, "eso ocin /ecre es prolac in, gro) h hor"one, leu eni4ing hor"one, #/2 Connec s ca!i ies o$ op ic lobes Con inues pos eriorly )i h he ca!i y o$ he spinal cord, passage)ay o$ C/# Produces C/# 1n!olun ary coordina ion Produce C/# E- ends o he spinal ner!es )hich are $or sensory and "o or $unc ions Passage o$ C/# Con ains lens and re ina +u er"os layer o$ cells Con ains rods and cones #ocus ligh rays on o re ina by re$rac ion #or hearing and e5uilibriu"

Cen ral Canal Neurocoel Cen ral canal The !eri"heral Nervous System Eye +p ic Cup Neural Tube 1ris Pig"en ed Epi heliu" Neural Tube Pig"en ed epi heliu" .e ina Neural Tube .e ina +p ic 8ens Epider"al Ec oder" +p ic lens Ear + ic ,esicles Epider"al /acculus 9 u riculus 1nner Ears Ec oder"

Ol#actory Or$ans +l$ac ory Epi heliu" +l$ac ory Canal E- ernal Nares 1n ernal Nares Cranial Nerves 3cous ico-$acialis Ganglion Glossopharyngeal Ganglion +p ic Ner!e Trige"inal Ganglion S%in Epider"is 'elanophores Additional Structures +ral /uckers +ral Ca!i y / o"odeu" &epression The Fore$ut Res"iratory System PharynPharyngeal Pouch E- ernal Gills 8ung 7uds Trachea Thyroid Gland Di$estive System Esophagus / o"ach 8i!er

Epider"al Ec oder" Epider"al Ec oder" Epider"al Ec oder" Epider"al Ec oder" Neural Cres Neural Cres Neural Cres Neural Cres Epider"al Ec oder" Neural Cres Epider"al Ec oder" .up uring o$ +ral Pla e Epider"al Ec oder"

+l$ac ory epi heliu" Choanal canal E- ernal nares 1n ernal nares #acial :,11; 3udi ory ner!es :,111; Glossopharyngeal :1<; ner!e +p ic ner!e :11; Trige"inal ner!e :,; Epider"is o$ /kin 'elanophores &isappears 'ou h ca!i y 8ining o$ "ou h ca!i y The Endodermal Derivatives

8ining o$ ol$ac ory canal /"elling +pening o he e- erior E- en ion o$ ubular opening $ro" e- ernal nares o pharynsensory and "o or, rela ed o as e buds and $acial "uscles inner!a e u riculus and sacculus :sensory; branhces o $irs branchial arch /ends signals o he brain o recogni4e )ha )as $ocused on he re ina /end branches o "andibular and "a-illary processes o$ 1s !isceral arch +u er co!ering o$ he body = $or pro ec ion agains abrasion Con ains "elanin ha gi!es he skin color adhesion 1nges ion o$ pray 8ining $or buccal ca!i y

Pri"i i!e gu Pri"i i!e gu :endoder"al e!agina ion; Pri"i i!e gu :endoder"al e!agina ion; Endoder" Pri"i i!e gu Endoder" Pri"i i!e Gu Pri"i i!e Gu Pri"i i!e Gu

Pharyn'iddle ear, Eus achian ube, para hyroid &isappears 8ungs Trachea Thyroid gland Esophagus / o"ach 8i!er

Pa h)ay o$ diges ion and respira ion Eus achian = per"i s pressure e5uali4a ion on bo h sides o$ y"panic "e"brane* Para hyroid = secre es he para hyroid hor"one Gas e-change :#or respira ion; #or respira ion >ind pipe = passage)ay o$ air /ecre es hyro-in Tube )here $ood passes hrough in going o he s o"ach >here diges ion occurs, releases en4y"es )hich are used $or breaking do)n $ood /ecre e bile, re"o!es o-in

Gallbladder 'idgu ?olk 2indgu Cloaca 3nus Notochord No ochord E"imere S%eleton and &uscles &er"a o"e 'yo o"e /clero o"e 7ranchio"eric 'uscles S%ull Parachordal Car ilage Prechordal%Trabecular Car ilage 'isceral Arches ,isceral 3rches 2ypobranchial Car ilage &esomere E(cretory System Pronephros @idney Pronephros &uc Hy"omere Coelom Pericardial Ca!i y Parie al Pericardiu" ,isceral Pericardiu" Peri oneal Ca!i y Parie al Peri oneu" ,isceral Peri oneu"

Pri"i i!e Gu 3rchen eron Endoder" 3rchen eron Pri"i i!e Gu 3rea o$ blas opore Chorda"esoder"

Gallbladder &uodenu", /"all in es ine &isappears 8arge in es ine Cloaca 3nus &isappears The &esodermal Derivatives

/ ores bile 'ain si e o$ diges ion Nu rien s s ored in he egg #ur her breakdo)n o$ indiges ed "a erial by bac erial ac ion and )a er absorp ion Tube )hich connec s he large in es ine and he anus E- rudes ga"e es and $eces 3-ial suppor

Epi"ere :"esenchy"e; Epi"ere :"esenchy"e; Epi"ere :"esenchy"e; Epi"ere :"esenchy"e; Epi"ere :"esenchy"e; Epi"ere :"esenchy"e;

&er"is, connec i!e issue layers o$ skin 3-ial "uscles 9 "uscles o$ he back 3-ial /kele on 7ranchio"eric "uscles #loor o$ chondrocraniu" Chondrocraniu"% in ranasal pla e

Con ains chro"a ophores )hich gi!es he color o$ he $rog /uppor s he body /uppor s he head, ches and back, includes he !er ebral colu"n, skull, s ernu" and ribs 'uscles opera ing he splanchnocraniu" /uppor s he $loor o$ he craniu" 2ouses he brain and audi ory organs and par ially surrounding he eyes and ol$ac ory organs /uppor s he pharyn'o!es and s abili4es laryn- and hyoid #il ra ion o$ urine connec s he pri"i i!e kidney body o he cloaca and ser!es as he anlage $or cer ain "ale reproduc i!e organs /urrounds he hear /epara es he )all $ro" he ca!i y i sel$ /epara es he hear $ro" he pericardial ca!i y* pro ec s he hear and holds i in places 7ody ca!i y surrounding !iscera /epara es )all $ro" he ca!i y 2olds and pro ec s he !isceral organs*

Epi"ere :"esenchy"e; Epi"ere 'eso"ere 'eso"ere

,isceral skele on Par o$ !isceral skele on &isappears and is replaced by "esonepric kidney "esonepric duc

Coelo" /o"a ic 'esoder" /planchnic 'esoder" /o"a ic 'esoder" /planchnic 'esoder"

Pericardial ca!i y Parie al pericardiu" ,isceral pericardiu" Pleuroperi oneal ca!i y Parie al peri oneu" ,isceral peri oneu" and s"oo h

"uscle o$ gu Aortic Arches E$$eren 7ranchial ,essels 3$$eren 7ranchial ,essels &orsal 3or a Heart Truncus 3r eriousus 7ulbus%Conus 3r eriosus 3 riu" ,en ricle Co""on Cardinal ,ein /inus ,enosus /planchnic 'esoder" /planchnic 'esoder" /planchnic 'esoder" /planchnic 'esoder" /planchnic 'esoder" /planchnic 'esoder" /planchnic 'esoder" /planchnic 'esoder" /planchnic 'esoder" 1n ernal caro id, 0rd and 6 h branchial !essels, pul"onary arch E- ernal caro id, 2nd,0rd and 6 h branchial !essels, pul"onary arch &orsal aor a Truncus ar eriosus Conus ar eriosus .igh le$ a riu" ,en ricle 3n erior !ena ca!a and por ions o$ pos ca!a /inus !enosus Augular subcla!ian !ein Pos erior Cardinal ,ein Caudal 3r ery Caudal ,ein Gill Capillaries /planchnic 'esoder" /planchnic 'esoder" /planchnic 'esoder" /planchnic 'esoder" 'os degenera e re"ains $ro" he pos ca!a &isappears &isappears &isappears

separa es he organs $ro" he ca!i y in ernal caro id - supplies blood o he brain and deep head s ruc ures* branchial = supplies blood o ar" e- ernal caro id- supplies blood o ongue and $loor o$ he "ou h* branchial = supplies blood o ar" /upplies blood o he lu"bar%back region, kidneys and urogeni al sys e" .ecei!es lo) o-ygen blood $ro" righ !en ricle and o-ygen rich blood $ro" le$ !en ricle /er!es as a base $or all ar eries 8e$ a riu" - recei!es blood $ro" he organs o$ he body righ a riu" = recei!es blood $ro" he lungs Pu"ps blood in o conus ar eriosus En ers he an ero-la eral o$ he sinus !enosus 1ncorpora es he sinoa rial node )hich con rols and regula es he hear :pace"aker; Augular !ein = drains blood $ro" he ongue and lo)er (a) subcla!ian !ein = drains blood $ro" he en ire $oreli"b 'a(or drainage channal $ro" caudal par o$ he body /upplies blood o he ail 1 drains he ail Gas e-change

Other !arts o# the Circulatory System 3n erior Cardinal ,ein /planchnic 'esoder"