By Azizan & Faye, January 2014

Chapter 2
2.1.4 Separable
Solve the given differential equations by separation of variables.
1. 0 1
3
=
dx
dy
e
x

2. 0 2 sec = dy x dx
3.
y
x
dy
dx
=
4.
y x
e
dx
dy
5
=

5.
2
1
6
|
.
|

\
|
+
+
=
x
y
dx
dy

Solve the given differential equation subject to the indicated initial condition.
6.
( ) 2 3 ,
1
) 1 ( =
+
= x
t
x
dt
dx
t

7.
( ) 3 0 , ) 1 (
2 2
= + = y x y
dx
dy

8.
( ) 1 0 ), 1 )( 1 (
2
= + = y x y
dx
dy

9.
( ) 0 , sin ) 1 2 ( = + = t y x y
dx
dy

10.
dy
dx
= 27x
2
e
3y
, y 1
( )
= 0

2.2.6 Linear

Find the general solution of the following:
1. 8 4 = + y
dx
dy

2. 1 sin
3 2
+ = x x xy
dx
dy
x
By Azizan & Faye, January 2014
3.
3
2 t t w
dt
dw
t = +
4. ( ) 1 cos sin = + y
d
dy

5. ( )
t
e x t
dt
dx
t
7
1 = + +
Solve the initial value problems, subject to the indicated initial conditions.
6. 1
2
,
cos
= |
.
|

\
|
=
t
P dt
t
P t t
dP
7. ( ) 1 1 , ln 1 = + = + R R
d
dR
u
u
u
8. ( ) 0 2 , 1 3
2
= = + x tx
dt
dx
t
9. ( ) 0 1 , 2
2 2
= = + y x y e
dx
dy
e
x x

10. ( )
e
y y e x
dx
dy
x
x
1
1 ,
2
= = +



2.3.5 Exact
For each of the following, determine whether the given DE is exact or non-exact. Solve each
exact equation.
1. ( ) ( )dv u du v u 1 2 + =
2. ( ) ( ) 0 3 = + + + du u e dt ue t
t t

3. ( ) ( )dy x y x dx y x x
3
cos sin cos + = +
4. ( ) ( ) 0 cos sin sin = + dy y x y dx y x
5. 0
2
1
2
2
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ +
|
.
|

\
|
dv
v
u u
du
v
uv
6. ( ) ( ) 0 2 2
2 2
= + + + dy xy x dx xy y
7. 0 =
dx
dy
x y
8. dy y x dx y x ) 3 2 ( ) 2 4 ( + = +
By Azizan & Faye, January 2014
9. 0 ) ( ) 3 (
2 2 2
= + + + | o | o o | o o| d d
10. 0 ) 2 (
2
= + dy ye y d y
y
u u


2.4.3 Non- Exact
Prove that each of the given differential equations is a non-exact equation and solve by finding
an appropriate integrating factor.
1. ( ) ( ) 0
2 3
3
1
= + + + + dx y x dy x xy x
2.

0 ) cos 2 ( ) cos 4 sin 2 (
2
= + + dy x y dx x y x y y
3.
0
2
2 sin
4 ) 2 cos 2 ( =
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ + + dy
y
x
x dx x y

4.

dy xy x dx xy xy ) 1 2 ( ) 2 3 (
3 2 3
= +

5. dv u du v u ) 1 ( ) 2 ( + =
6. ( ) 0 cos sin cos
2
2
= + dy x y dx x x x
y

7. ( ) 0
2
1
1
2 2
=
|
.
|

\
|
+ + + dy ye xy dx e
x x

8.
0
sin
2 ) cos ( =
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ + + dy
y
x
x dx x y

9. 0 ) ( 2 = + + dy x y dx y

10. y (cos x sinx) dx +cos x dy = 0


2.5.6 Homogeneous
In problems 1 3 solve the given homogeneous equation by using an appropriate substitution.
1. ( ) 0 2
2 2
= dx y dy yx x
2. 0
2 2
= dx y dy x
3. 0
2
= ' + y y xy
By Azizan & Faye, January 2014
4. 0
2 2
= ' + y yx xy
5. ( ) 0
2 2
= + + dx y x dy xy
6. ( ) ( ) 0
2 2
= + + + dy y xy dx x xy
In problems 4 7 solve the given IVP.
7. ( ) ( ) 1 0 , 0
2 2
= = + y xy
dx
dy
y x
8. ( ) 0 ) 1 ( , 0
1 2
= =

y dy y dx x y x
9. ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 1 , 0
3 3 2
= = y
dy
dx
y x xy
10. ( ) 1 1 , ln ln = + = y e
x
y
dy
dx
x
y


2.6.4 Bernoulli

Solve the given Bernoulli equation by using an appropriate substitution:
1.
4
ty y
dt
dy
= +
2.
2
x e x
dt
dx
t
+ =
3. tx x tx
dt
dx
t + =
2

4.
m
t
dt
dm
m
t
= + |
.
|

\
|
1
2

5. ( ) ( ) 0 1 2 1 3
3 2
= + w xw
dx
dw
x
Solve the given Bernoulli equation subject to the respective initial conditions:
6. ( ) 0 3 2
3 2
= + ds s d s , ( )
2
1
1 =
7. ( ) dt y dy y
3
1 = , ( ) 4 0 = y
By Azizan & Faye, January 2014
8. | |, 2
2
2
= t y
y
dt
dy
,

( ) 1 0 = y
9. x y y
dx
dy
2 cos
2
= + , ( ) 1 0 = y
10. y t ty
dt
dy
= , ( ) 1 0 = y



Final answers
2.1.4 Separable
(1) C e y
x
+ =
3
3
1

(2) C x x y + = cos sin

(3)
4
2
C
x C x y + + =

(4) C e y
x
+ = 5 ln
5
1

(5)
1
) 6 1 ( 6 5
+
+
=
C Cx
C x C
y

(6)
) 1 (
) 1 ( 4
2
+

=
t
t
x (7) ) (
3
1
tan
3
t + = x y

(8)
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
4 2
tan
2
t x
x y

(9)
2
1
cos 2
=
x
Ce y (10) 26 27 ln
3
1
3
= x y

2.2.6 Linear equations
(1)
x
Ce y
4
1
8

+ =

(2) Cx
x
x x y + =
2
1
cos (3)
2
3
5 3 t
C t t
+ = e (4) ( ) C y + = csc
(5)
t
t
te
C
t
e
y + =
8
7
(6) t
t
t t P cos
1
sin ) ( = (7)
u
u u
1
ln ) ( + = R (8)
3
2
2
1
t t
y =

(9) ( ) 1
2
2
2
=

x
e
y
x

(10)
x
xe y

= .

2.3.5 Exact equations
(1) non-exact equation (2) C
u
ue
t
t
= + +
2
3
2
2 2
(3) non-exact equation
(4) C
y
y x x = +
2
sin cos
2
(5) C
v
u v u
v u f + =
2
) , (
2
(6) C y x xy y x f + + =
2 2
) , (
(7) non-exact equation (8) C
y
yx x = + +
2
3
2 2
2
2
(9) C f + + = | o
| o
| o
3
2 2
2
) , (
(10) C e y e y e y
y y y
= + 2 2
2 2
u
By Azizan & Faye, January 2014
2.4.3 Non-exact equations
(1) C xy
x
e
y
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
3
3
(2) C x ye
y e
x
x
= cos 2
2
2
2 2
(3) C
x y
x y = +
2
2 sin
2
2

(4) C
y
x
y x = +
2
2 3
(5) C u
u
v
= + +
+
+
1 ln 2
1
2
(6) C x
y e
x
= cos
2
2
2
(7) C
e
x e
x
y
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
2
2
2
2

(8) C x y x y = + sin
2
(9) C y x y = +
2 / 3 2 / 1
3
2
2

(10) C x ye
x
= cos

2.5.6 Homogeneous equations
(1) |
.
|

\
|
=
x
y x
C y
2 2
(2)
1 +
=
Cx
x
y (3) C y x = +
2 2
(4) C xy = (5) C x y x = + ) 2 (
2 2 2

(6) C y x = +
2 2
(7)
2
2
2 y
x
e y = (8) ( ) 1 2
2 2 2
= y x x (9) ( ) 1 2
3 3 3
= x y x (10) y x =

2.6.4 Bernoulli equations
(1)
3
1
3
3
1

|
.
|

\
|
+ + =
t
Ce t y (2)
1
2

|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
t
t
Ce
e
y (3)
1
1
1

(

+ + =
t
te
C
t
x
(4)
C t
t
m
+
=
ln
(5) | |
3
1
3
2
1

+ =
x
Ce w (6)
3
1
6
5
49
5
9

(

+ =
s s
(7) ( )
3
2
2
3
7 1
t
e y

+ =
(8)
1 2 5
2
2
+ +
=
t e
y
t
(9)
1
5
4
2 cos
5
1
2 sin
5
2

(

+ =
x
e x x y (10)
2
4
2
2 1
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
t
e y