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Presented by John Thomas General Manager (Consultancy) Ramky Enviro Engineers Limited Benchmarking of Rural Water Supply Schemes in Rajasthan
PROJECT GENESIS
Presentation flow
ACTION POINTS
Benchmarking of Rural WS Schemes Conclusions & Recommendations
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Largest state in the country Geographical Area: 3,42,239 sq.km (10% of the total country) Supports
> 5.5% of Indias human population 18.70% of Indias livestock 2/3rd of States population sustain on agriculture Ranked 7th in India in terms of food grains production Agriculture & allied activities contribute 26% of GSDP Has 1.16% of the total surface water available in the country. The status of water in the state is very critical. 2/3rd part of the state is part of the Great Thar desert.
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Background:
Water Resources of Rajasthan
25 20 15
11.36 21.71 17.88 16.05 11.29 11.77 7.413 12.66 17.88
10 5 0
Available (BCM)
Surface Water
Utilizable (BCM)
Usage (BCM)
Ground Water
Ref: Sweta Mirdha Hooda, Rajasthan Water Assessment and Potential for Private Sector Interventions, 2013, IFC, World Bank Group
182.00
1128673
1154679
180.00 178.00
630600
172.00
Inhabitated Villages Villages electrified (as villages electrified (as (as per 2001 Census) on March 31, 2013) on June 30, 2013)
Estimated Ultimate Pump sets energized (as Ground Water Potential* on March 31, 2013)
Nos %
* In terms of electrical pumpsets Ref: Central Electricity Authority Reports http://www.cea.nic.in/reports/monthly/dpd_div_rep/pumpset_energisation.pdf http://www.cea.nic.in/reports/monthly/dpd_div_rep/village_electrification.pdf
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Benchmarking of Rural Water Supply Schemes in Rajasthan
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1984
1990
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2009
Dark (Critical)
Ref: NASA Satellites Track Vanishing Groundwater - Image courtesy Trent Schindler and Matt Rodell, NASA http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/india_water.html
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The EU has signed State Partnership Programmes (SPP) for two states in India: Chhattisgarh and Rajasthan. Over of a period of six years (2006-2012), the EU to contribute up to 160 million for both states. The target SPP states have determined their own priorities for intervention and EC partnership support. The Rajasthan State partnership programme aims at achieving the following two main results: State wide water sector reform and improvement Enhanced water supply and groundwater recharge in selected areas of Rajasthan
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About Benchmarking:
Benchmarking is a relentless strategic discovery process.
It is a search for identification, understanding, adaptation and implementation of solutions leading an enterprise to far superior performance, which is based on best practices. The main value added from benchmarking compared to other improvement tools is to learn HOW to improve from others. Ideally benchmarking should be a continuous process from the point of constantly learning and sharing with other client organizations new and improved ways of doing things.
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This is particularly important in the water and sewerage services owing to the monopolistic environment that characterizes them and to the amount of asymmetric information
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Study Objective
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Scope of Work:
The broad scope of work is divided into the following activities: Performance and Status of Rural Water Supply Schemes
Investigate status of demand and supply and carryout gap analysis Inventorize and map all sources of drinking of water supply schemes. Carryout UFW analysis of all Regional Water supply schemes and suggest remedial measures for improving performance. Assess the sustainability of sources and water supply systems and suggest measures for improvement.
Develop a Road map and Action plan to solve problem of access, equity, quantity, quality and sustainability.
Benchmarking of Rural Water Supply Schemes in Rajasthan
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Phase I
Preparation of Data collection formats, and Approval from PHED. Establishment of Field Network with requisite resources Collection of data from concerned Departments & Authorities: Hydrological, Hydrogeological, Census, Meteorological, Scheme details, .Field surveys,.UfW studies, . etc. Preparation of GIS base maps , layers, digitization of hab boundaries, with SoI village boundary maps as base Develop SSLB for RWS and Approval from PHED for the Indicators & Weightage Development of MIS formats, templates, logic for data entry and analysis
Phase II
Data Analysis & Interpretation Development of MIS based District level Reports on Performance Analysis & Status of RWS Development of Habitation wise Water Source Directory for Drinking Water Supply in the State. Development of GIS based Water Quality Maps Training on MIS & GIS to PHED officers Development of State level reports on Conjunctive Use, Problem Analysis & Remedial Measures, Draft Report preparation & presentation Final State level Report Integration of MIS & GIS database and hosting on DoIT server
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Sanitary Diggi., 359, 1.17% P&T, 6071, 19.86% Regional WSS, 2204, 7.21% Piped, 2680, 8.77%
Piped, 2680, 7%
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Findings
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P&T score
Piped Score
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If we are moving at block and village level, then number of drought free years may reach to zero. It is concluded that every year some or other part of Rajasthan is affected by drought. At the village level, the number of drought-free years will be even less. Therefore, every year some parts of Rajasthan are affected by drought.
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Problem Habitations
(as listed by PHED in Summer 2010)
Tanker Fed Habitations (Scheme wise distribution across districts)
300
250
3355 habs
200
150
100
50
P&T
Piped
RWSS
SD 24
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Sl. #
CATEGORY
CLASSIFICATION
Habitations having present water service level more than 10 lpcd but less than 70/40 lpcd, and water quality problem do not fall under problematic habitations Habitations which are having present water service level less than 10 lpcd and no water quality problem Habitations which are having present water service level more than 10 lpcd but water quality problem exists in some sources. Habitations which are having present water service level less than 10 lpcd and also water quality problem.
76%
Category I
7% 71%
75%
20%
2 3
68%
15% 9% 9% 17% 10%
20% 10% 0%
Cat I
Cat II
Cat III
Cat IV
Overall
Category IV
Cat I
Cat II GEN
CatST III SC
Cat IV
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Problem Habitations Scheme wise & Zone wise Classifications TANKER fed Habitations
Scheme wise - category wise classification
90% 80% 70% 60% 50%
39% 70% 82% 86% 800 700 68% 600 500 400 300 27% 200 100 5% 3% 4% 5% 8% 5% 0 Ajmer Bharatpur Bikaner Jaipur Jodhpur Kota Udaipur
HP
P&T
Piped
RWSS
SD
Overall
Cat I
Cat II
Cat III
Cat IV
Cat I
Cat II
Cat III
Cat IV
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Problem Habitations
with defunct / Non functional schemes Problem Habitations with defunct schemes (Zone wise distribution) Problem Habitations with defunct schemes (Scheme wise classification)
P&T, 23, 10% HP, 149, 62% Piped, 8, 3%
Udaipur, 3, 1% Ajmer, 3, 1%
SD, 3, 1%
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CLASSIFICATION
Habitations having present water service level more than 10 lpcd but less than 70 / 40 lpcd, and water quality problem do not fall under problematic habitations Habitations which are having present water service level less than 10 lpcd and no water quality problem
REMEDIAL MEASURES
Habitations falling under this category do not need attention to be paid for consideration as Problematic habitations
For habitations falling under Category II, three major strategies are recommended to be deployed for increasing borehole water supply during drought, viz.
(i)
II
(ii)
Repairing damaged water supply assets Augmenting existing sources with new boreholes and/or deepening existing boreholes Development of Relief boreholes with use restricted to drought periods
(iii)
III
Habitations which are having present water service level more than 10 lpcd but water quality problem exists in some sources.
The quantity of water that can be pumped from potable sources need to be augmented with appropriate treatment of non-potable sources within the habitation.
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CLASSIFICATION
Habitations which are having present water service level less than 10 lpcd and also water quality problem.
REMEDIAL MEASURES
These habitations require more attention and the water requirement can be met through conjunctive use of water management For habitations falling under this Category are the worst affected habitations and require more attention to meet drinking water demands. The remedial solutions for these problematic habitations are as follows:
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i) Construction of Rain water harvesting structure at households level ii) Installation & Operationalization of existing sources (TW/HP/SP). iii) Water supply scheme designed on Cluster Storage basis and
the area divided into many Clusters. Standardized distribution and storage system for each cluster. Villagers formed Pani Samiti (equivalent to Village Water & Sanitation Committee) to manage the water supply scheme.
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61.5 296 5 87 5 21 65
30 40 5 5 5 15 35 5 5 45
5 10 15 25 25
S.MADHOPUR 133 SIKAR 62 SIROHI 337 TONK 5 Benchmarking of Rural Water Supply RAJASTHAN Schemes in Rajasthan 1472
513 175 15 5 243.5 351 55 126 5 45 6 72 122 11 23 5 485.5 12 550 21 173 82 397 194
465 277
9 42 106 43 146
978 452 15 5 420 609 213 262 5 128 6 332 468 257 70 5 1104 12 550 30 215 188 440 340
1816
399
3687 3416
7103
30
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8907 villages
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32
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8.85
33
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100.00%
80.00%
60.00%
40.00%
20.00%
0.00%
35
36
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40
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Conventional, compartmentalized approach to water management falls short, or is counter-productive to desired outcomes.
Water management planning needs a holistic approach that better integrates water into socioeconomic development planning in order to simultaneously achieve economic efficiency, social equity and environmental sustainability
The only long term option for reducing the national water scarcity and remaining food self-sufficient is to increase the water productivity in India.
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Benchmarking of Rural Water Supply Schemes in Rajasthan
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The study on Water footprint of India has revealed that Rajasthan is among the three states with the highest water footprint per capita. This has been attributed to
low water productivity and low virtual water import, caused by inefficient agricultural practice.
The state of Rajasthan has an absolute disadvantage in the water productivity of most of its crops.
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Benchmarking of Rural Water Supply Schemes in Rajasthan
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Demand management, reduces the amount of water and wastewater services that are needed - through efficiency, conservation, and structural changes and can substantially reduce the capital requirements of existing water systems
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Asset Tracking & Performance Management Focus on O&M aspects Quantity & quality Improve UfW Source Strengthening Source Protection / Sustainability Structures Water Quality Monitoring & Management
Benchmarking Matrix
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Non Conventional
FRACTURE SEAL CEMENTATION JACKET WELL BORE BLAST TECHNIQUE STREAM BLASTING HYDRO FRACTURING ARTIFICIAL RECHARGING OF OPEN WELLS & BORE WELLS
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SUSTAINABILITY STRUCTURES
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50
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When the responsibility for drinking water rests with one agency; for irrigation water with another and for the environment with yet another, it results in lack of cross-sectoral linkages. This leads to uncoordinated water resource development and management, resulting in conflict, waste and unsustainable systems.
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Action Plan:
IMMEDIATE FOCUS Repairing/ Operationalizing the defunct sources and schemes Critical villages < 10 lpcd SC/ST habitations without independent schemes Villages below norms Remedial Measures in Problem Habitations Engaging the PRI in the management of RWS MEDIUM TERM Water Budgeting at river basin or appropriate watershed levels Establishing Scientifically planned Sustainability Structures Creating Awareness among people on Value for Water Relook into the Land Agriculture- Water policy considering its interlinkages Registering of all drillers and tracking of Rig movement of rigs Inventorization and annual survey of all energized water abstraction structures Appropriately valuing water and engaging mechanisms for right pricing and recovery for sustenance. Convergence of Inter departmental programs & plan fund utilization LONG TERM Demand Management Regionalized WSS Improving the Water productivity levels through technology and conscious managementBenchmarking interventions of Rural Water Supply Schemes in Rajasthan Water Zoning of the state for guiding the economic activities
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http://www.ramkydelhi.com/phed/index.php
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Contact Details
John Thomas email: johnthomas@ramky.com Mobile: +91-9958176767
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