CONDITIONAL SENTENCES. Here you have some examples of condi ionals and some exercises o prac ice.

a! ype"#. $%eal!
1. [If most of the heat pumps are in the cooling mode], the temperature of the loop water rises. 2. [If the current is limited to some safe value], the voltage across the diode is constant, independent of the current through the diode.

3. [If light is allowed to fall on the junction of a reverse-biased P diode], the current will be proportional to the amount of light.
!. [If the ends of the revolving coil are connected to a pair of contact rings, on each of which presses a brush], the machine will deliver alternate currents. ". [If studs are used], take care not to damage them. #. [If this looks too simple], let us develop a more comple$ procedure. %. [If we trace out the instructions of an algorithm], then for all cases the algorithm will terminate after a finite number of sets. &. 'onversel(, [if service conditions alter a material)s structure], the engineer must anticipate that changes will occur in properties and performance. *. [If this precaution is not taken], the n+-t(pe contact region may touch the pt(pe base and result in a low collector-base brea+down voltage. 1, [If the compression in the diffuser is carried to a high enough pressure], an efficient engine can be obtained without a compressor. 11. [If onl( few specimens are to be tested], the empt( places in the free-er should be filled with dummies, [unless it has been shown that the correct temperature c(cle is achieved without this precaution]. 12 [If specified]1, the -inc coating is in accordance with ./0 standard. 13. 1he principle of transmissibilit( states that the conditions of e2uilibrium or motion of a rigid bod( will remain unchanged if a force & acting at a given point of the rigid bod( is replaced b( a force &' of the same magnitude and the same direction, but acting at a different point, [provided that the two forces have the same line of action]. 1!. .t will retain these properties indefinitel(, [provided there is no change in the internal structure of the material].

1". .t may not alwa(s be necessar( to understand the precise definition itself, [ provided one can understand the significance of the term or figure in relation to the diagram, chart or calculation involved]. 1#. [Unless excited b( e$ternal means] 2, the one electron of a h(drogen atom will occupy the lowest orbital. 17. [In the event of an 3 4 tan+er running aground or becoming stranded in some other wa(], that t(pe of operation is necessary. 18. .t is important to remember that a variable stands for the same object [wherever it occurs in a rule]. 1*. [If in doubt] add a bit more, and dont use additives [unless (ou are confident of what the( can do and are sure that onl( the right amount will be used]. 2,. [If a c(linder head is too tight], do not drive a chisel or screwdriver between the c(linder bloc+ and head to remove it.
ote the omission of the pronoun and the verb to be in if it is specified = if specified. 2 5 unless it is excited = unless excited.
1

(! ype") $hypo he ical!

1. [If the base collector junction were3 fabricated li+e the pn junction in a conventional diode], onl( a tin( reverse current would flow.
2. [If the bar in tension were absolutel( rigid], it would increase in length slightl(. 3. [If a thermometer were inserted into each bloc+ and the bloc+s were placed in direct sunlight], the temperature of the blac+ bloc+ would rise at a much faster rate than that of the silver one. !. 'opper and aluminium are both fairl( wea+, [but if the( were mixed together], the result would be an allo( called aluminium bron-e, which is much stronger than either pure copper or pure aluminium. ". .n fact, it would actuall( cause the truc+ to move downward [if it were not for the presence of the ground].

#. [Were it not for the improvements made in steel production]!, the railroad
s(stem could not have developed.
t(pe-2, were is used instead of was in the if-clause. If I were you, ... ote the 6subject 7 verb) inversion to mar+ the elision of the conditional subordinator 8.f9. 1his can occur in t(pe-2 8onl( if the verbs were or should are used in the if-clause9, and in t(pe-3
3 .n
!

c! ype"* $Impossi(le!
1. [If the bearings had shown fine scratches], the( would have been re-used. 2. [If scientists had not invented the atom bomb], disasters such as :iroshima would not have occurred. 3. 1his computing time is a little disturbing since we +now that [ in case the matrices had been represented as two dimensional arra(s], we could have obtained the transpose of an n;m matri$ in time 08nm9. 4. [Had the heating unit been located near the ceiling], the warm air would have remained there, and ver( little convection current would have been generated to distribute the energ(.

+%ACTICE #. ,ri e he ver(s in he appropria e ense. 1. .f the current <<<<<<<<<<< 8be limited9 to some safe value, the voltage across the diode is constant, independent of the current through the diode. 2. .f (ou <<<<<<<<<<< 8use9 a hard-to-guess password that contains a mi$ of numbers and letters, hac+ers would find (our s(stem more difficult to crac+. 3. .f it <<<<<<<<<<< 8be9 not for the improvements made in steel production, the railroad s(stem could not have developed. !. .f /tephenson <<<<<<<<<<<<<< 8invent9 the steam locomotive, some other engineer would have invented something similar. ". .n case the ade2uate measures had been ta+en, the accident <<<<<<<<<<<< 8can be avoided9. #. .f heat loss in power stations <<<<<<<<< 8can be used9 more efficientl(, cogeneration power plants would pla( an even bigger role in energ( production. %. = >/ in ph(sics provides an ideal preparation for most engineering masters programs, provided that the >/ curriculum <<<<<<<<<< 8be supplemented9 b( four additional courses. &. 'ustomers would be pleasantl( surprised if automobile manufacturers <<<<<<<<<< 8tr(9 to solve driving problems with a change in car design. *. .n the event of a tan+er <<<<<<<<<<< 8sin+9 near the coast, measures should be

ta+en to prevent oil from reaching the coast.

). %e-ri e he condi ional sen ences usin. inversion. 1. .f engineers had planned on tunneling the highwa( through most of its route, ma(be public opposition to the project would not have been as fierce. 2. .f it were not so potentiall( dangerous, nuclear energ( would not be so polemic. 3. .f vaccines had not been invented, man( people would still die from common illnesses. !. .f the Hindenburg airship had used helium instead of h(drogen, it wouldn)t have e$ploded in ew ?erse(. ". .f (ou should re2uire minimum weight with high tensile resilienc(, carbon fibre would be the right material for (ou.