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‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻞ‬
‫ﺧﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
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‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺪ ﻟﻠﻨﺪ ‪: Peer-to-Peer Networks‬‬
‫ﳑﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺪ ﻟﻠﻨﺪ ‪:‬‬
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‫ﺩﻭﺭ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ؟‬
‫ُ ُ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻮﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ؟‬
‫ُ ُ‬
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‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪﻫﺎ؟‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪(point-to-point connection):‬‬
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‫َُ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺑﺎﳊﺰﻡ‪(packet switching):‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻓﱰﺍﺿﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‪(WAN virtual circuits):‬‬

‫َ‬
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‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺮﻡ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻲ )‪CAN(Campus Area network‬‬
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‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻠﻘﻴﺔ ‪:Ring networks‬‬
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‫ﻛﻴﺒﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ‪: Cables‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ ﺍﶈﻮﺭﻳﺔ ‪:Coaxial Cable‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ ﺍﳌﺰﺩﻭﺟﺔ ﺍجملﺪﻭﻟﺔ ‪:Twisted Pair Cables‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ ‪:Optic Fiber Cables‬‬
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‫ﻛﻴﺒﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬
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‫ﻭﺻﻒ ﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ‪.T1, E1, T3, Switched 56‬‬
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‫ﺷﺮﺡ ﻟﺪﻭﺭ ‪ CSU‬ﻭ ‪ DSU‬ﰲ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ‪.T1‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺰﻟﺔ‬
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‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﻞ‬
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‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻱء ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻋﺪﺓ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻋﱪ ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ‪Vsat‬‬
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References
[1] J. Apisdorf, K Claffy, K. Thompson, and R. Wilder.

OC3mon:
Flexible, Affordable, High-Performance Statistics Collection,
Proceedings
of INET ’97, June 1997. (http://www.isoc.org/isoc/whatis
/conferences/inet/97/proceedings/F1/F1_2.HTM)
[2] H. Balakrishnan, M. Stemm, S. Seshan, V. Padmanabhan, R.
H.
Katz, TCP Behavior of a Busy Internet Server: Analysis and
Solutions,
Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOMM ’98, March 1998, pp. 252-
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[3] P. Barford and M. E. Crovella, Generating Representative
Web
Workloads for Network and Server Performance Evaluation,
Proceedings
of ACM SIGMETRICS ‘98, 1998, pp. 151-160.
[4] P. Barford and M. E. Crovella, A Performance Evaluation of
HyperText
Transfer Protocols, Proceedings of ACM SIGMETRICS
‘99, May 1999, pp. 188-197.
[5] P. Barford, A. Bestavros, A. Bradley, and M. E. Crovella,
Changes
in Web Client Access Patterns: Characteristics and Caching
Implications,
World Wide Web, Special Issue on Characterization and
Performance Evaluation, Vol. 2, 1999, pp. 15-28.
[6] L. Breslau, D. Estrin, K. Fall, S. Floyd, J. Heidemann, A.
Helmy, P.
Huang, S. McCanne, K. Varadhan, Y. Xu, and H. Yu, Advances
in
١٦٨ ‫א‬
Network Simulation, IEEE Computer, vol. 33 no. 5, May 2000,

pp.
59-67.
[7] R. Caceres, P. Danzig, S. Jamin, and D. Mitzel,
Characteristics of
Wide-Area TCP/IP Conversations, Proceedings of ACM
SIGCOMM
‘91, pp. 101-112.
[8] M. Christiansen, K. Jeffay, D. Ott, and F. D. Smith, Tuning
RED for
Web Traffic, Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM 2000, September
2000, pp. 139-150.
[9] K Claffy, G. Miller, and K. Thompson. The nature of the
beast:
recent traffic measurements from an Internet backbone,
Proccedings
of INET ’98, (http://www.isoc.org/inet98/proceedings/6g
/6g_3.htm).
[10] W. S. Cleveland, D. Lin, D. X. Sun, IP Packet Generation:
Statistical
Models for TCP Start Times Based on Connection-Rate
Superposition,
Proceedings of ACM SIGMETRICS 2000, June 2000,
pp.166-177.
[11] Crovella, M. and A. Bestavros, Self-Similarity in World Wide
Web
Traffic: Evidence and Possible Causes, IEEE/ACM Transactions
on
Networking, vol. 5, no. 6, December 1997, pp. 835-846.
[12] C. R. Cunha, A. Bestavros, and M. E. Crovella,
Characteristics of
WWW Client-based Traces, Technical Report TR-95-010, Boston
University Computer Science Department, June 1995.
١٦٩ ‫א‬
[13] P. Danzig and S. Jamin, tcplib: A Library of TCP

Internetwork Traffic
Characteristics, USC Technical Report USC-CS-91-495, 1991.
[14] P. Danzig, S. Jamin, R. Caceres, D. Mitzel, and D. Estrin,
An Empirical
Workload Model for Driving Wide-Area TCP/IP Network
Simulations, Internetworking: Research and Experience, vol. 3,
no.
1, 1992, pp. 1-26.
15. [Halsall; 1994]: Halsall, F., “Data Communications,
Computer Networks and Open Systems”, Addision-Wesley,
Fourth Edition, 1994.
16. [Kjaer; 1994]: Kjaer T., “Wie startet man ins Internet”,
KnowWare-Verlag Deutschland GmbH,1. Auflage, 1994.
17. [Gumm, Sommer;1994]: Gumm, H.P., Sommer, M.,
“Einfuehrung in die Informatik”, Addision-Wesley, 1.
Auflaga, 1994.
18.[Matthies; 1994]: Matthies, P., “ISDN &WAN:
Kommunikation in Wide Area networks”, International
Thomson Publishing, 1. Auflage, 1994.
19. [Yankelovich; 1997]: Yankelovich, N., “Introduction to the
Internet for Teachers”:
http://www.massnetworks.org/~nicoley/tutorial/index.html.
20. by Dan Dinicolo 2003 Hands-on Microsoft windows server
http//ar,wikipedia,org/wiki
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: ‫ﻃﺮﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬

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‫ﺍﻫﻤﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﻭﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪﻫﺎ‬

. 2# #   %1 

‫ﺧﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬

# ;" )6 

* -" % &        * WAN 

,  C# 2 &  E-mail )  8 

:‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬

 "    LAN  ;%

   '( )* "

Windows 3.11 for Workgroup .

 )*  !"    (%$ 1%   !   G% .R

: Server-Client Networks ‫ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﻮﻥ‬/ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺰﻭﺩ‬

! 9  !" )* ! 

5* " )    (%$ 1% h% ? 

# " Windows NT Server & Windows 2000 Server 2 =

b   b !  * ,   2-  K 

. ! !" )* *

.2# # QZ 1%  4Q

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪(point-to-point connection):‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻋﱪ ﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪(circuit switching) :‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻓﱰﺍﺿﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‪(WAN virtual circuits):‬‬

‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ )ﺍﳌﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ (‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﺘﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺐ ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬

: C%8 #  3 )

‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ؟‬

, (packets)n!M &q 

(transmission 25 % DM    2s o n1t%q  

!"  6 #   'q* &? " #  (contention): 'q* .١

5  2 )* ,3M  q E$6 H

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬

)* 5 ><9 ( , 

1% )9 ,b    

(fiber-distributed data = 08

(backbone) : 5*  # & n1t%q ,1% 0U )-

 " 5 D9   ,6/

    I N <9 v M (passive hub): 2S( Nv! o

  ? C!"# Nv! <9 : (active hub): 2( Nv! o

M 25 2*8 (route) % 1  @  ! 1 /

%     2M

!"8 2 3  & 0 % ,  5( )*

(circuit switching) :‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻋﱪ ﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬

)* ,5* 2 * C6# 0 1 - )* 5

><9 2" :< ;

(WAN virtual circuits):‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻓﱰﺍﺿﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬

@v"  ,% 

Blutooth Special %  3   " %

(Bluetooth ‫ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻲ )ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﺗﻮﺙ‬

‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﺗﻮﺙ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻲ‬

2$1  2 26 5

  &  !"   B 

1% 21 

2  !" /% :2-  % •

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