SRS Sampling: 40 72 180 187 89 42 650 347 319 220 225 236 30 21 27 15 4 110 76 289 310 550 150

383 514 230 74 451 193 266

Stratified Sampling: 10 140 75 92 301 200 300 113 145 180 22 212 57 100 76 370 401 475 325 600 510 452 613 575 584 417 395 337 515 655

The data set I chose was the Stratified sample. The way I did the stratified data set was by organizing the data we were given for smoking data. I organized this data by sorting the gender category from A to Z which put them in Female and Male categories. Once I did this I had my co-workers randomly chose numbers. I told them for the females to choose numbers between 1-319 and for the males it was 320-655.

Smoking Data

Female Smokers Female Non-smokers Male Smokers Male Non-smokers

SRS Sampling Charts: Categorical Data: Male/Female Bar Graph:

Male Non-Smoker 3-6 Years Male Smoker 7-9 Years 10 + Years Female Non-Smoker

Female Smoker 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Pie Chart:

SRS Sample Smoking Data

Female Smoker Female Non-Smoker Male Smoker Male Non-Smoker

Stratified Sampling: Bar Graph:

Female Smoker

Female Non-Smoker 4-7 Years 8-10 years Male Smoker 11+ Years

Male Non-Smoker

10

12

14

16

Pie Chart:

Sales

Female Smoker Female Non-Smoker Male Smoker Male Non-Smoker

The categorical data that I chose was male/female smoker and non-smoker. I chose this to show the if there is a significant difference between male and female smokers/non-smokers. Also, in the bar graphs I broke it down into age brackets to see the difference between male/female and the ages to see if one sex starts smoking earlier than the other. If you look at the pie charts and compare my results I feel that the stratified sampling shows a more accurate count to the population as a whole. The SRS is lacking female smokers where the Stratified sampling accounts for all parts of the population. Also, if you look at the pie chart for the whole population compared to the pie chart for the stratified sample you can see that the results are pretty similar.

Quantitative Data: Age Population: Mean: 9.9 Standard Deviation: 0.3

5 # Summary: 123453 8 10 12 19

Sample: SRS: Mean: 8.4 Standard Deviation: 2.5 5# Summary: 123453 7 8 9 16

Stratified: Mean: 9.6 Standard Deviation: 2.6 5# Summary: 123454 7.25 9 11.75 19

Frequency Histogram: SRS:

12 10 8 3-6 Years 6 4 2 0 Female Smoker Female NonSmoker Male Smoker Male NonSmoker 7-9 Years 10+ Years

Stratified:

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Female Smoker Female NonSmoker Male Smoker Male NonSmoker 4-7 Year 8-10 Years 11+ Years

Box Plot: SRS & Stratified

SRS Stratified 1

10

15

20

The quantitative variable that I chose to use is the person s age. I chose this to see if there is a difference between the age male and females start smoking or if age is one of the causes of people smoking. Overall in my histograms it shows that most people dont smoke. There is a small percentage that do in the histograms. I dont feel that these graphs show the whole population because in both samples I didnt collect very many that smoked. Also, I feel that depending on what you chose from the population you can get varied results making them so that the samples arent very reliable.

Part 4 Reflection

This project overall has taught me to compute and discuss statistics. I have learned a whole new language from this class and have picked up terms from this class in some of my other classes especially my psych classes that deal a lot with stats, means, standard deviations, etc. Now when I read studies and research papers I understand a lot more of where they got their information from. What type of sample they used and how they got their data. Also, what steps they took to compute the data. This project has taught me not only how to discuss statistics but also how to interpret data from surveys. I will definetly be using this information in the future. Ultimately I would like to obtain a doctorate in psychology. In order to do so I do need to know stats and how to read data and interpret the data from surveys. Having a doctorate you do a lot of statistical research so it is important that I took this class and that I learned the methods and formulas. Overall my favorite part of this project was the confidence intervals from part two. I felt this was one of my stronger areas of this class and that I really understood the concepts. I also know that when I have that doctorate in psychology and I am looking at statistical data I want to be confident that the research I am giving is effective. I want to be able to work the problems out and be able to state that with a 95% confidence I know this method will work or will not work. If I didnt know about confidence intervals this wouldnt be possible for me to do in the future.