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Chapter 1
3. What is the basic unit of a living thing? A DNA B atom C molecule D cell
4. What are the changes that occur to a species that make it better able to survive? A speciation B extinctions C adaptations D reproduction
5. What do all of the living and nonliving things in an area make up? A ecosystem B environment C species D ecology
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Chapter 1
Part C Match each term with its meaning. Write the correct letter on the line. ______ 11. observation ______ 12. experiment ______ 13. hypothesis ______ 14. analysis ______ 15. communication
A an educated guess B describing an experiment on a poster C a person sees something that he or she wants to know
more about
D making sense of data gathered during an experiment E a procedure used to test a hypothesis
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Chapter 1
22. How could extinction result in the appearance of a new species? (2 points)
Part F Write a paragraph for each topic. Include a topic sentence, body, and conclusion in the paragraph. Support your answers with facts and examples from the textbook.
23. Explain what happens during a growth cycle. (3 points)
24. An advertisement claims that Super Fine flour produces taller, fluffier biscuits
than Old Mill flour. Explain how you could use the steps of the scientific method to find out whether or not this claim is true. (3 points)
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Chapter 1
environment
C a change that helps an organism survive D a group of organisms that can reproduce with
each other
E a chemical used in a cell to work and grow
7. What is the molecule within a cell that carries instructions for living things? A DNA B protein C enzyme D mineral
9. Who is a person that studies life and living things? A geologist B chemist C biologist D astronomer
10. What is the process that produces new life? A ecology B cycling C reproduction D adaptation
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Chapter 1
in a desert ecosystem?
Part D On the line, write the answer to complete each sentence about the scientific method.
16. _________________________ is an important step of the scientific method.
This is the time when a person shares his or her findings with others.
17. A(n) _________________________ is a procedure to test a hypothesis. 18. During _________________________ a person makes sense of the data collected
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Chapter 1
22. Explain how the energy and growth cycles are related. (2 points)
Part F Write a paragraph for each topic. Include a topic sentence, body, and conclusion in the paragraph. Support your answers with facts and examples from the textbook.
23. Describe the science of biology. Explain how an understanding of biology is useful
24. Explain speciation. How does speciation lead to the development of living things
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Chapter 2
unevenly distributed. One end of the molecule has a slight positive charge and the other end a slight negative charge.
2. Fats and oils are described as _________________________, or water-hating molecules
ion concentration.
5. Blood acts as a _________________________ because it can receive moderate
amounts of acid or base without a significant change in pH. Part B Circle the correct answer to each question.
6. What is the smallest particle of water that has all the properties of water? A one atom B one molecule C one electron D one ion
7. What is the study of matter and how it changes? A physics B chemistry C biology D economics
8. During what kinds of processes are atoms and molecules rearranged? A chemical B physical C radical D electrical
9. What are the parts of an atom? A isotopes B ions C subatomic particles D molecules
10. The average mass of one atom of an element is described as what? A atomic number B nucleic number C mass D atomic mass
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Chapter 2
join together Part D Write the answer to each question on the line.
16. Why does water heat more slowly than other types of matter?
18. Explain the difference in the two isotopes C-12 and C-13.
20. Arrange the following in order of increasing pH: water, soap, acetic acid.
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Chapter 2
22. Explain the number and kinds of atoms in the formula H2O2 . (2 points)
Part F Write a paragraph for each topic. Include a topic sentence, body, and conclusion in the paragraph. Support your answers with facts and examples from the textbook.
23. Explain why burning is a chemical reaction. What is the source of energy
24. Explain the difference between an ionic compound and a covalent compound. (3 points)
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Chapter 2
2. During a chemical reaction, what is the substance that is altered? A reactant B water C product D acid
3. What is used to indicate the number and kinds of atoms in a compound? A symbol B subscript C formula D equation
4. What are the parts of an atom? A isotopes B ions C subatomic particles D molecules
Part B Match each term with its meaning. Write the correct letter on the line. ______ 6. molecule ______ 7. atomic mass ______ 8. chemistry ______ 9. subatomic particles ______ 10. chemical process
A the study of matter and how it changes B the smallest particle of a substance that can exist
rearranged
D the average mass of one atom of an element E the parts of an atom, which include protons,
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Chapter 2
to stick together.
15. Which has the lowest pH, water, nitric acid, or lye (a strong base)? ________________________
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Chapter 2
Part E Write your answer to each question. Use complete sentences. Support each answer with facts and examples from the textbook.
21. What are some of the unique properties of water? (2 points)
22. The chemical formula for sulfuric acid is H2 SO4. Give the names and number of atoms
Part F Write a paragraph for each topic. Include a topic sentence, body, and conclusion in the paragraph. Support your answers with facts and examples from the textbook.
23. Hydrogen (H) has an atomic number of 1 and a mass number of 1.
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons can be found in one hydrogen atom? Where are these subatomic particles located? (3 points)
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Chapter 3
7. An enzyme is a _______ that brings about chemical reactions in living things. A carbohydrate B fat C protein D nucleic acid
8. The monosaccharide that cells depend on for energy is _______. A glucose B fructose C sucrose D cellulose
9. Large, carbon-containing molecules in living things are referred to as _______. A polysaccharides B isomers C organic molecules D synthetic molecules
10. The nucleic acid that translates the genetic code contained within a cell is ______. A DNA B RNA C nucleotide D peptide
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Chapter 3
separate a cell from its surroundings. Part D Write the answer to each question on the line.
16. Name three examples of steroids.
17. Explain how amino acids are joined in the process of dehydration synthesis.
19. Name two polysaccharides found in plants and describe their functions.
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Chapter 3
22. Describe a meal that includes carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. (2 points)
Part F Write a paragraph for each topic. Include a topic sentence, body, and conclusion in the paragraph. Support your answers with facts and examples from the textbook.
23. Describe the functions of lipids in living things. (3 points)
24. Compare and contrast the structures of proteins and carbohydrates. (3 points)
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Chapter 3
_________________________. Part B Match each term with its meaning. Write the correct letter on the line. ______ 6. peptide ______ 7. glycerol ______ 8. lipid ______ 9. plastids ______ 10. fructose
A one of the components of lipids B a macromolecule that is not soluble in water C a monosaccharide found in fruit and honey D a compound of two or more amino acids E the structures where plants store starch
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Chapter 3
12. In plants, _______ is a polysaccharide that provides support and structure. A starch B fat C glycogen D cellulose
13. _______ are a group of lipids that include hormones. A steroids B fats C proteins D phospholipids
14. In animal cells, _______ is a molecule that stores glucose. A starch B DNA C phospholipids D glycogen
15. In cells, _______ are made of lipid bilayers composed of phospholipids. A nuclei B membranes C DNA molecules D RNA molecules
20. Why is a diet that is high in saturated fat linked to heart disease?
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Chapter 3
22. What kind of molecule is glucose, and what is its role in all cells? (2 points)
Part F Write a paragraph for each topic. Include a topic sentence, body, and conclusion in the paragraph. Support your answers with facts and examples from the textbook.
23. How are RNA and DNA similar? How are they different? (3 points)
24. Explain why proteins, carbohydrates, and fats should be included in the diet. (3 points)
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Chapter 4
8. The body sends out chemical signals in the form of ________. A carbohydrates B hormones C polysaccharides D proteins
9. The job of _______ is to store information in cells. A nucleic acids B proteins C ATP D lipids
10. Hydrophobic molecules that can store energy for long periods of time are ________. A lipids B proteins C carbohydrates D nucleic acids
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Chapter 4
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Chapter 4
Part E Write your answer to each question. Use complete sentences. Support each answer with facts and examples from the textbook.
21. Name and briefly describe four types of molecules found in cells. (2 points)
22. How are the functions of cells related to their structures? (2 points)
Part F Write a paragraph for each topic. Include a topic sentence, body, and conclusion in the paragraph. Support your answers with facts and examples from the textbook.
23. How do cells maintain homeostasis? (3 points)
24. How are prokaryotic cells different from eukaryotic cells? (3 points)
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Chapter 4
2. Matthias Schleiden helped develop the cell theory by showing that ______. A B C D
all plants are made of cells animal cells do not have cell walls microscopes are required for viewing cells pond water contains many one-celled organisms
3. ______ discovered that all animals are made of cells. A Matthias Schleiden B Rudolph Virchow C Robert Hooke D Theodor Schwann
4. At one time, people did not know where new living things came from.
cells can form in piles of dust living things are produced by nonliving matter all cells come from other cells cells of rats and other rodents form in dirty corners
5. Anton von Leeuwenhoek was the first person to ______. A suggest the cell theory B view living cells under the microscope C dissect plants D discover nucleic acids in animal cells
Part B Match each term with its meaning. Write the correct letter on the line. ______ 6. nucleic acid ______ 7. ATP ______ 8. hormone ______ 9. lipids ______ 10. cell
A molecules in cells that store information B hydrophobic molecules that store energy for a long time C a cells main fuel source D the basic unit of life E a chemical signal sent from one part of the body to another
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Chapter 4
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Chapter 4
22. Compare and contrast prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. (2 points)
Part F Write a paragraph for each topic. Include a topic sentence, body, and conclusion in the paragraph. Support your answers with facts and examples from the textbook.
23. What are some of the cellular structures formed by carbohydrates, lipids,
24. Why are some cells capable of producing hormones while others are responsible
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Chapter 5
2. The _______ends of phospholipid molecules interact with the watery external environment. A fatty acid B hydrophobic C hydrophilic D nonpolar
3. The ________ separates the cells contents from the external environment. A nucleus B endoplasmic reticulum C plasma membrane D nucleus
4. Water molecules move into and out of cells by a passive transport method called ________. A osmosis B endocytosis C exocytosis D facilitated diffusion
5. In animals, similar cells are connected to one another by the _________. A plasmodesmata B nuclear pores C extracellular matrix D ionic bond
that has hydrophobic tails on the inside and hydrophilic heads on the outside.
7. In the process of ___________________________________________, a membrane protein
__________________________________________.
9. The _________________________________ is a region of the nucleus where ribosomes
are made.
10. Each chromosome within a nucleus is made up of a long strand of highly folded
___________________________________.
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Chapter 5
into proteins
D organelle that holds digestive enzymes E energy gathering organelle
19. When a plant needs water, it will wilt but the tissues themselves remain rigid. Explain why.
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Chapter 5
22. What are the two energy organelles in plant and animal cells and what is the job of each? (2 points)
Part F Write a paragraph for each topic. Include a topic sentence, body, and conclusion in the paragraph. Support your answers with facts and examples from the textbook.
23. Compare and contrast the functions and structures of microtubules and
microfilaments. (3 points)
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Chapter 5
2. In the process of _______, a protein helps move molecules across the plasma membrane
4. Ribosomes are manufactured in the _______ of the nucleus. A nuclear envelope B chromatin C DNA D nucleolus
5. Cells communicate through openings in plasma membranes called _______. A plasmodesmata B nuclear pores C gap junctions D communication links
______________________________________________.
8. The _________________________________________ is the structure that separates
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Chapter 5
covered with ribosomes Part D Write the answer to each question on the line.
15. Which end of the phospholipid molecule is neutral?
19. A certain cell makes lipids for transport to other parts of the body. What happens
20. Why are the inner membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts highly folded?
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Chapter 5
22. Compare and contrast the functions of mitochondria and chloroplasts. (2 points)
Part F Write a paragraph for each topic. Include a topic sentence, body, and conclusion in the paragraph. Support your answers with facts and examples from the textbook.
23. List and briefly describe three types of fibers in the cell cytoskeleton. (3 points)
24. Describe the differences in the cell structures of plant cells and animal cells. (3 points)
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Chapter 6
2. ATP is made of ribose, adenine, and _______. A one phosphate group B two phosphate groups C three phosphate groups D a fatty acid
3. ATP is manufactured during the process of _______. A cellular respiration B photosynthesis C digestion D metabolism
4. The amount of energy within food is measured in _______. A calories B grams C milliliters D centimeters
___________________________________________.
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Chapter 6
B contains potential chemical energy C a condition of too much sugar in the blood D a condition due to lack of pigment in hair and skin E the material that reacts with an enzyme
18. What happens to the structure of an enzyme during a chemical reaction? Explain your answer.
19. Can your body use the same enzyme that breaks down protein in your stomach
in the reaction that builds proteins for your blood? Explain your answer.
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Chapter 6
Part F Write a paragraph for each topic. Include a topic sentence, body, and conclusion in the paragraph. Support your answers with facts and examples from the textbook.
23. Explain how ATP and ADP transfer energy through the cell. (3 points)
24. What are enzymes and how do they work with substrates? (3 points)
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Chapter 6
2. All of the chemical processes in a cell are known as the cells ______. A digestion B phosphorylation C hydrolysis D metabolism
3. An enzyme and substrate interact at the enzymes ______. A polar head B active site C nonpolar tail D cell membrane
4. The chemical energy of food is held in the ______ of the food molecules. A bonds B carbon atoms C heads D membranes
5. The amount of energy needed to get a chemical reaction started is known as the
______ energy.
A potential B kinetic C activation D enzymatic
to a molecule of ______________________________.
9. _________________________________ is a condition where someone is greatly overweight. 10. Any substance that reacts with an enzyme is known as a(n) _______________________________.
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Chapter 6
17. Name two health problems that result from the lack of enzymes.
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Chapter 6
22. If a cell were to run out of ATP, what would happen to it? Explain your answer. (2 points)
Part F Write a paragraph for each topic. Include a topic sentence, body, and conclusion in the paragraph. Support your answers with facts and examples from the textbook.
23. How does the energy of the sun become incorporated into the bonds of ATP? (3 points)
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Chapter 7
2. What is the enzyme that helps make ATP molecules in the last stage of cellular respiration?
3. What is the name of the product of anaerobic fermentation that can accumulate
4. What two electron carriers help move electrons through cellular fermentation?
7. Before acetic acid can be carried into the mitochondria, it is changed to _________. A acetyl CoA B ethyl alcohol C lactic acid D pyruvic acid
8. The goal of cellular respiration is to produce ________. A pyruvic acid B alcohol C ATP D glycolysis
9. If a chemical loses electrons, it has undergone ________. A oxidation B reduction C fermentation D glycolysis
10. During ________, cells produce ATP, NADH, and FADH2. A photosynthesis B reduction C glycolysis D the Krebs cycle
Biology: Cycles of Life
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Chapter 7
through a process called ________________________________. Part D Match each term with its meaning. Write the correct letter on the line. ______ 16. FADH2 ______ 17. pyruvic acid ______ 18. reduction ______ 19. coenzyme A ______ 20. oxidation
A helps acetic acid cross the membrane of the mitochondria B a reaction in which electrons are lost C the results of a split in a glucose molecule D a reaction in which electrons are gained E an electron-carrying molecule
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Chapter 7
22. Some bacteria live in mud on the deep ocean floor. They cannot get any oxygen.
Can these bacteria carry out cellular respiration? Explain your answer. (2 points)
Part F Write a paragraph for each topic. Include a topic sentence, body, and conclusion in the paragraph. Support your answers with facts and examples from the textbook.
23. Explain how fermentation and cellular respiration are alike and how they are different. (3 points)
24. Where in your body would you expect to find cells that have a lot of mitochondria?
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Chapter 7
8. _______ is a waste product of some types of fermentation that can cause muscle soreness. A ATP B Lactic acid C Pyruvic acid D FADH2
9. _______ bacteria live deep in the soil where oxygen cannot reach. A Photosynthetic B Anaerobic C Aerobic D Oxidized
10. Two processes that produce ATP in cells are cellular respiration and _______. A fermentation B oxidation C photosynthesis D diffusion
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Chapter 7
_________________________________.
18. During cellular respiration, oxygen undergoes ______________________________________
____________________________________________.
20. Electron carriers produced during the Krebs cycle are used during the
_______________________________________.
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Chapter 7
Part F Write a paragraph for each topic. Include a topic sentence, body, and conclusion in the paragraph. Support your answers with facts and examples from the textbook.
23. List and briefly describe the three stages of cellular respiration. (3 points)
24. How does feedback inhibition control the production of energy in cells? (3 points)
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Chapter 8
2. Openings in leaves that allow gases to move in and out are called ________. A vascular bundles B stomata C the mesophyll D chlorophyll
3. Energy from the sun is known as ________. A hydroelectric energy B electromagnetic radiation C ionic energy D fluorescent radiation
4. The green pigment in plants that can absorb light is ________. A NADPH B carotene C chlorophyll D mesophyll
5. Particles of light are known as ________. A photons B waves C wavelengths D electromagnetic radiation
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Chapter 8
in photosynthesis
B produces sugar C a simple sugar made in the dark reaction D produces ATP and NADPH E a yellow-orange accessory pigment
is the __________________________________________.
19. A ____________________________________________ is made up of several tiny
_______________________________________.
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Chapter 8
22. Explain the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration. (2 points)
Part F Write a paragraph for each topic. Include a topic sentence, body, and conclusion in the paragraph. Support your answers with facts and examples from the textbook.
23. Explain why all animals depend on photosynthesis as their source of energy. (3 points)
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Chapter 8
2. The _______ transfers excited electrons to the reaction center. A chloroplast B G3P molecules C photosystem D epidermis
3. Organelles that contain sacs of thylakoids are called _______. A chloroplasts B mitochondria C ribosomes D tubules
4. The two stages of photosynthesis are the _______ and the dark reaction. A Calvin-Benson cycle B light reaction C oxidative reaction D reduction reaction
5. Plants release _______ gas during photosynthesis. A oxygen B carbon dioxide C argon D nitrogen
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Chapter 8
Part D Match each term with its meaning. Write the correct term on the line. ______ 16. CAM plants ______ 17. vascular bundle ______ 18. mesophyll ______ 19. autotroph ______ 20. Calvin-Benson cycle
A another name for the dark reaction B an organism that can make its own food C plants such as pineapples that live in hot, dry places D tubes in leaves that carry food and water E green tissue where photosynthesis takes place
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Chapter 8
Part F Write a paragraph for each topic. Include a topic sentence, body, and conclusion in the paragraph. Support your answers with facts and examples from the textbook.
23. Explain why photosynthesis is the most important biological process on earth. (3 points)
24. Explain how autotrophs capture and use the suns energy. (3 points)
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Chapter 9
2. A cancer treatment that kills unwanted cells with drugs is ______. A surgery B chemotherapy C radiation treatment D metastasis
4. The ovaries and testes are examples of ______. A spermatogonia B homologous chromosomes C centromeres D gonads
5. Humans care for their offspring through ______, a time of rapid growth and
_______________________________.
7. Near the end of interphase, a cell makes copies of its chromosomes.
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Chapter 9
20. How are the male and female reproductive systems similar?
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Chapter 9
Part F Write a paragraph for each topic. Include a topic sentence, body, and conclusion in the paragraph. Support your answers with facts and examples from the textbook.
23. Compare and contrast the functions of meiosis and mitosis. (3 points)
24. List and briefly describe the stages of mitosis, beginning with interphase. (3 points)
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Chapter 9
Why? _______________________________________________________________________
10. Explain what happens when homologous chromosomes cross over.
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Chapter 9
12. The type of cell division that produces new cells for growth and repair is ______. A cytokinesis B meiosis C mitosis D binary fission
13. A condition in which cells divide too much is known as ______. A hyperpigmentation B diabetes C heart attack D cancer
14. The female gamete is a(n) ______. A ovary B uterus C egg D follicle
15. A(n) ______ is a ball of cells that results from extra cancer cell divisions. A placenta B embryo C fetus D tumor
_____________________________.
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Chapter 9
22. What is the purpose of meiosis? Give an example of a cell that can undergo meiosis. (2 points)
Part F Write a paragraph for each topic. Include a topic sentence, body, and conclusion in the paragraph. Support your answers with facts and examples from the textbook.
23. Describe what occurs in the life of a sperm from its production until it fertilizes an egg. (3 points)
24. Summarize the events that occur from fertilization until a child is born. (3 points)
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Chapter 10
t t
__________________
controlled by complete dominance, 50% of the offspring are short. What are the other 50%?
3. Are the short organisms homozygous or heterozygous? 4. If these traits are controlled by incomplete dominance, 50% of the
Part B Match each term with its meaning. Write the correct letter on the line. ______ 6. linked genes ______ 7. autosomes ______ 8. genetics ______ 9. XX ______ 10. XY
A study of heredity B male sex chromosomes C chromosomes that do not carry sex traits D close together on a chromosome and
inherited together
E female sex chromosomes
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Chapter 10
_______________________________.
12. The _______________________________ says that an organisms gets
two genes for each trait. One gene comes from each parent.
13. A _______________________________ will always hide a recessive trait. 14. The sex of offspring is determined by the _______________________________
chromosome.
15. Hemophilia is considered to be sex-linked because it is carried on the
17. The ______ is the second generation of offspring from a cross of two organisms. A P generation B F1 generation C F2 generation D G1 generation
18. The ______ of an organism describes how it looks. A genotype B phenotype C allele D linkage map
19. A(n) ______ carries a gene, but does not show the effects of it. A diabetic B transformer C carrier D allele
20. Traits controlled by two or more genes are ______. A linked B environmental C sex-linked D polygenic
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Chapter 10
Part F Write a paragraph for each topic. Include a topic sentence, body, and conclusion in the paragraph. Support your answers with facts and examples from the textbook.
23. How did the work of Mendel help explain inheritance of traits? (3 points)
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Chapter 10
Part B Write the answer to each question on the line. A cross between two mice is described in the following Punnett square. B stands for black fur and b represents white fur. B Bb Bb b bb bb
b b
6. Assume that the traits in this Punnett square are controlled by complete dominance.
the offspring are white and the other 50% are __________________ in color.
AGS Publishing. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use only.
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Chapter 10
14. Chromosomes that do not carry sex traits are ______. A XX B autosomes C genes D linked
15. Two genes that are usually inherited together are probably ______. A linked on a chromosome B carriers C influenced by environment D polygenic
Part D Match each term with its meaning. Write the correct letter on the line. ______ 16. phenotype ______ 17. F2 ______ 18. genotype ______ 19. polygenic ______ 20. hybrid
A traits controlled by two or more genes B describes how an organism looks C offspring of two true-breeders D second generation of offspring from a cross of
two organisms
E an organisms combination of genes for a trait
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Chapter 10
Part F Write a paragraph for each topic. Include a topic sentence, body, and conclusion in the paragraph. Support your answers with facts and examples from the textbook.
23. Describe Mendels work with pea plants. (3 points)
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Chapter 11
bacterial cell
B a nonliving germ that can infect a cell C a section of a nucleotide D adenine bonds to thymine and cytosine to guanine E three bases on a strand of DNA
_______________________________.
9. Protein-making instructions travel from the nucleus on a strand of
_______________________________.
10. A(n) _______________________________ uses the plasmids in bacteria
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Chapter 11
12. The immune systems first line of defense is ______. A specific B nonspecific C production of antibodies D a memory cell
13. ______ are activated by a second infection of a germ. A T cells B Complement proteins C Memory cells D Polymerases
14. The nonspecific immune system releases ______ to break up infected cells. A pathogens B complement proteins C memory cells D antibodies
15. In DNA replication, an existing strand acts as a ______ for a new strand. A marker B fork C bubble D template
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Chapter 11
Part F Write a paragraph for each topic. Include a topic sentence, body, and conclusion in the paragraph. Support your answers with facts and examples from the textbook.
23. A boy is infected by a pathogen. Explain how the boys immune system responds
24. What happens during the lytic and lysogenic cycles of a viral infection? (3 points)
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Chapter 11
3. A(n) ______ is a nonliving germ that can infect a cell. A bacteriophage B virus C exon D mutagen
4. Three bases on a strand of DNA make a(n) ______. A anticodon B codon C gene D mutation
5. ______ explains why thymine bonds with adenine and cytosine with guanine. A Genetic engineering B Complementary base pairing C The law of segregation D Biotechnology
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Chapter 11
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Chapter 11
Part F Write a paragraph for each topic. Include a topic sentence, body, and conclusion in the paragraph. Support your answers with facts and examples from the textbook.
23. Explain how transcription and translation result in the production of a protein. (3 points)
24. How does the bodys nonspecific defense system protect it from infection? (3 points)
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Chapter 12
7. The presence of ______ causes the kidneys to absorb more water. A estrogen B antidiuretic hormone C neurotransmitter D enzyme
8. The outermost layer of skin is the ______. A epidermis B dermis C fatty layer D epithelium
9. The central nervous system is made up of the brain and ______. A brainstem B peripheral nerves C spinal cord D motor nerves
10. Partially digested, liquid food in the stomach and intestine is ______. A pepsin B saliva C chyme D feces
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Chapter 12
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Chapter 12
22. What are the roles of the liver in digestion and energy storage? (2 points)
Part F Write a paragraph for each topic. Include a topic sentence, body, and conclusion in the paragraph. Support your answers with facts and examples from the textbook.
23. Trace the path of a bite of food from the time it enters the mouth until its nutrients
24. Name the eight body systems and briefly describe their functions. (3 points)
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Chapter 12
2. ______ muscles, like those in the legs, can be controlled. A Cardiac B Voluntary C Involuntary D Smooth
3. The ______ controls automatic functions like breathing and heart rate. A frontal lobe B parietal lobe C spinal cord D brain stem
4. Red blood cells are produced in ______. A the spleen B the kidneys C red bone marrow D the heart
5. ______ diseases involve the heart and blood vessels. A Cardiovascular B Immune system C Genetic D Respiratory
Part B Match each term with its meaning. Write the correct letter on the line. ______ 6. axon ______ 7. optic nerve ______ 8. pituitary gland ______ 9. adrenaline ______ 10. eardrum
A carries electrical impulses from the retina to the brain B a thin membrane stretched across the ear canal C extension of a neuron that sends information to cells D produces secretions that control body functions E a hormone produced during times of stress
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Chapter 12
12. How does oxygen move from the alveolus into the blood stream?
_____________________________.
19. The central nervous system is made of the brain and _____________________________. 20. The presence of _____________________________ signals the kidneys
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Chapter 12
22. Explain why the reproductive system could not function without the other body systems. (2 points)
Part F Write a paragraph for each topic. Include a topic sentence, body, and conclusion in the paragraph. Support your answers with facts and examples from the textbook.
23. How do the nutrients in food reach cells? (3 points)
24. Explain how the nervous and endocrine systems control the body. (3 points)
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Chapter 13
and fossils
E outer layer of the earth
7. According to the theory of ________, todays organisms evolved from past organisms. A plate tectonics B continental drift C common descent D recombination
8. A disease that causes fever and chills is ________. A sickle cell anemia B hyperpigmentation C diabetes D malaria
9. Squirrels live in trees and on forest floors. These places are their ________. A habitats B homologous structures C niches D gene pools
10. A(n) ________ breaks apart to form new elements. A biochemical B radioisotope C ion D homologous structure
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Chapter 13
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Chapter 13
Part F Write a paragraph for each topic. Include a topic sentence, body, and conclusion in the paragraph. Support your answers with facts and examples from the textbook.
23. How does Darwins theory of natural selection explain evolution? (3 points)
24. How did the work of Gregor Mendel support the work of Charles Darwin? (3 points)
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Chapter 13
of past species.
2. A(n) __________________ breaks apart to form new elements. 3. The small changes in allele frequencies from one generation to the next represent
__________________.
4. The death of all members of a species is called __________________. 5. The remains or impressions of organisms from the past are __________________.
Part B Match each term with its meaning. Write the correct letter on the line. ______ 6. biological evolution ______ 7. crust ______ 8. gene pool ______ 9. geologic time ______ 10. habitat
A outer layer of the earth B the place where an organism lives C all of the time that has passed since Earth formed D changes to a population over time E all of the genes of a population
12. Zebras are similar to horses in many ways. Differences in the groups occurred through ________. A homologous structures B fossils C natural selection D artificial selection
13. The DNA of a cat and dog are similar. A cats DNA is very different from the DNA
of a mushroom or a cactus. ________ are more closely related than cats and mushrooms.
A Cats and dogs B Cats and zebras C Cats and cacti D Dogs and mushrooms
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Chapter 13
15. Insects and worms do not have backbones. They are examples of ________. A mammals B invertebrates C vertebrates D amphibians
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Chapter 13
22. What are the theories of plate tectonics and continental drift? (2 points)
Part F Write a paragraph for each topic. Include a topic sentence, body, and conclusion in the paragraph. Support your answers with facts and examples from the textbook.
23. Explain how changes in gene pools occur through mutation and genetic drift. (3 points)
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Chapter 14
2. In the three-domain system, humans are in the domain _______. A bacteria B Eukarya C Archaea D vertebrate
3. The chemistry of processes in living things is _______. A anatomy B morphology C biochemistry D biogeography
4. The broadest level of the Linnaeus classification system is _______. A kingdom B genus C phylum D Eukarya
5. Reproduction involving only one parent is _______. A sexual B gene pooling C reproductive isolation D asexual
Part B Match each term with its meaning. Write the correct letter on the line. ______ 6. classify ______ 7. fertile ______ 8. interbreed ______ 9. niche ______ 10. stasis
A able to breed together B the way of life of an organism C capable of producing offspring D to group E showing little change
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Chapter 14
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Chapter 14
Part F Write a paragraph for each topic. Include a topic sentence, body, and conclusion in the paragraph. Support your answers with facts and examples from the textbook.
23. Explain the differences between allopatric and sympatric speciation. (3 points)
24. How does small population size affect the genetic health of a population? (3 points)
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Chapter 14
7. Organisms that can produce offspring are ________. A fertile B extinct C asexual D mammals
8. Mammals feed their offspring with milk from ________. A co-adaptations B eukarya C mammary glands D homologous structures
9. Organisms in ________ show little change over time. A stasis B subspecies 10. A ________ is made up of similar species. A phylum B kingdom C class D genus C reproductive isolation D gene pools
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Chapter 14
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Chapter 14
Part F Write a paragraph for each topic. Include a topic sentence, body, and conclusion in the paragraph. Support your answers with facts and examples from the textbook.
23. How does instantaneous speciation occur? (3 points)
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Chapter 15
structure
B a thick network of hyphae in a mold C an organism that cannot make its own food D shedding an exoskeleton E major changes in the development of an animal
7. ______ are vascular plants that reproduce with spores. A Mosses B Ferns C Grasses D Lichens
8. Hydra, jellyfish, and corals have tentacles and stinging cells. They are examples of ______. A flatworms B myxini C cnidarians D crustaceans
9. In plants, tube-shaped ______ carries food and water. A vascular tissue B chlorophyll C nervous tissue D bark
10. Spiders and ticks are classified as ______. A mollusks B crustaceans C arachnids D amphibians
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Chapter 15
13. Name the three domains. Briefly state the kinds of organisms in each.
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Chapter 15
22. How do the body temperatures of cold-blooded and warm-blooded animals differ? (2 points)
Part F Write a paragraph for each topic. Include a topic sentence, body, and conclusion in the paragraph. Support your answers with facts and examples from the textbook.
23. Animals show body symmetry. Explain the difference between radial symmetry and bilateral
24. Compare the characteristics of a vascular plant with a nonvascular plant. Give an
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Chapter 15
some animals develop. Part B Match each term with its meaning. Write the correct letter on the line. ______ 6. flagellates ______ 7. mosses ______ 8. pollination ______ 9. slime molds ______ 10. vertebrates
A protists that can live as single cells or as colonies B protozoans that have whip-like tails C small plants that lack seeds and vascular tissue D animals that have backbones E the movement of pollen from the stamen to the pistil
13. Give two ways in which humans differ from other animals.
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Chapter 15
15. Name four major groups of organisms that are in the domain eukarya.
17. Prokaryotes that are not bacteria are classified as ______. A archaea B eukarya C mammals D protists
18. Heterotrophs that break down their food with enzymes, then absorb it, are ______. A plants B animals C fungi D eukarya
19. In the embryo stage, a(n) ______ has pharyngeal slits, a nerve cord, a notochord,
20. The ______ of a fish helps it move up and down in the water. A gills B scales C operculus D swim bladder
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Chapter 15
22. What is the highest level of classification? Describe the three divisions of this level. (2 points)
Part F Write a paragraph for each topic. Include a topic sentence, body, and conclusion in the paragraph. Support your answers with facts and examples from the textbook.
23. Describe the types of vascular tissue found in a plant and the job of each type. (3 points)
24. Describe the sexual reproductive structures in plants and explain how fertilization occurs.
(3 points)
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Chapter 16
2. Hunger is an example of a(n) ______. A internal stimulus B fixed action pattern C communication D external stimulus
3. Animals gain ______ from their experiences. A pheromones B warning coloration C learned behavior D innate behavior
4. An animal that can recognize the features of an area shows ______. A spatial learning B courtship behavior C cooperation D competition
5. Scientists who study animal behavior are ______. A ecologists B geneticist C immunologists D ethologists
of other signals.
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Chapter 16
as another animal
C a scientists who studies how living things
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Chapter 16
22. What kind of behavior would you see if chicken eggs were hatched by a turkey?
Part F Write a paragraph for each topic. Include a topic sentence, body, and conclusion in the paragraph. Support your answers with facts and examples from the textbook.
23. Describe two examples of innate animal behavior. (3 points)
24. What is communication? Explain two ways in which animals communicate. (3 points)
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Chapter 16
communication signals.
2. In ________________________, animals work together for the good of the group. 3. A(n) ________________________ is an animal that tries to get the same resources
as another animal.
4. A(n) ________________________ studies how animals interact and communicate. 5. An organism that kills and eats another organism is a(n) ________________________.
7. Some types of worms are poisonous. In ______, nonpoisonous species look like
8. An animal behavior that always happens the same way is a(n)______. A communication B learned behavior C fixed action pattern D competition
9. An organism that is killed and eaten by another organism is ______. A predator B submissive C cooperative D prey
10. During ______, animals are aggressive and compete with one another. A agonistic interaction B observational learning C matched submission D cooperation
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Chapter 16
Part D Match each term with its meaning. Write the correct letter on the line. ______ 16. matched submission ______ 17. pheromones ______ 18. social behavior ______ 19. song-learning in birds ______ 20. territorial behavior
A animal interactions with one another B behavior that helps an animal defend an area C a threatened animal yields to a dominant one D scents used for communication in some animals E a combination of innate and learned behaviors
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Chapter 16
Part F Write a paragraph for each topic. Include a topic sentence, body, and conclusion in the paragraph. Support your answers with facts and examples from the textbook.
23. How do animals communicate? How are signals involved in communication? (3 points)
24. Compare and contrast courtship behavior and territorial behavior. (3 points)
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Chapter 17
decrease dramatically.
5. All parts of the earth that support living things make up the _______________________.
8. Define parasitism.
9. What is competition?
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Chapter 17
12. Animals that consume other species for food are ______. A prey B predators C mimics D competitors
13. Squirrels live in small groups in the forest. This is an example of ______
population distribution.
A random B uniform C clumped D stable
15. The plant life in an area makes up the ______. A biome B vegetation C canopy D succession
Part D Match each term with its meaning. Write the correct letter on the line. ______ 16. canopy ______ 17. parasite ______ 18. population density ______ 19. stability ______ 20. prey
A the number of individuals living in an area B an organism that serves as food for another
organism
C the ability to resist change D an organism that lives on a host E the tops of trees in a forest
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Chapter 17
Part F Write a paragraph for each topic. Include a topic sentence, body, and conclusion in the paragraph. Support your answers with facts and examples from the textbook.
23. Compare and contrast primary and secondary succession. (3 points)
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Chapter 17
a man-made disturbance.
Part B Match each term with its meaning. Write the correct letter on the line. ______ 6. canopy ______ 7. interact ______ 8. interdependent ______ 9. toxic substance ______ 10. trophic structure
A to influence or act on B the feeding relationships in a community C the tops of the trees in a forest D when organisms rely on each other E a material that is poisonous
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Chapter 17
can support.
14. The number of individuals that live in an area is the ________________________. 15. All the parts of the earth that support living things make up the ________________________.
17. During a(n) ______, populations dramatically increase and decrease. A forest fire B boom-bust cycle C competition D disturbance
______ distribution.
A random B clumped C uniform D stable
19. One organism feeds on another organism in ______. A parasitism B mutualism C commensalism D symbiosis
20. The plant life in a region makes up the ______. A canopy B density-dependent factors C biome D vegetation
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Chapter 17
22. How are parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism similar? How are they different? (2 points)
Part F Write a paragraph for each topic. Include a topic sentence, body, and conclusion in the paragraph. Support your answers with facts and examples from the textbook.
23. List the five levels of organization of the environment. Define the first four levels. (3 points)
24. Name, describe, and give examples of the two types of succession in ecosystems. (3 points)
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Chapter 18
grow
C the northernmost biome where soil is permafrost D northern regions of cone-bearing trees and large
animals
E regions of very low rainfall
7. Several food chains link to make a(n) ______. A population B trophic structure C energy pyramid D food web
8. ______ change nitrogen in the air to compounds that plants can use. A Nitrogen-fixing bacteria B Chemotrophs 9. A(n) ______ is a terrestrial ecosystem. A estuary B pond C open ocean D grassland C Autotrophs D Decomposers
10. A(n) ______ shows what animals in the ecosystem eat. It usually begins with plants. A ecosystem B boom-bust cycle C food chain D biome
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Chapter 18
photosynthesis creates organic matter. Part D Write the answer to each question on the line.
16. Why is the sun considered the source of energy for everything in an ecosystem?
19. State the role of plant-like plankton in the marine food web.
20. Why dont plants in the ocean live in the aphotic zone?
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Chapter 18
Part F Write a paragraph for each topic. Include a topic sentence, body, and conclusion in the paragraph. Support your answers with facts and examples from the textbook.
23. Name and describe the trophic levels in an ecosystem. (3 points)
24. How does water move through the living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem? (3 points)
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Chapter 18
4. In the marine ecosystem, plants are plentiful in the photic zone. There are no
conserve water.
10. The _______________________ is the coldest biome. It is home to only a few types
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Chapter 18
17. The ______ is a layer of air that surrounds the earth. A atmosphere B aquatic biome C trophic structure D estuary
18. The water in a ______ ecosystem is salty. A terrestrial B marine C freshwater D estuary
19. The tiny organisms floating at the waters surface in an aquatic ecosystem are ______. A bacteria B decomposers C viruses D plankton
20. One of the nutrients cycled through ecosystems is ______. A soil B nitrogen C vitamin C D ATP
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Part F Write a paragraph for each topic. Include a topic sentence, body, and conclusion in the paragraph. Support your answers with facts and examples from the textbook.
23. Explain how nitrogen cycles between living and nonliving parts of the environment. (3 points)
24. Assume that the sun stops shining and the earth becomes dark. How would plants
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Chapter 19
2. A(n) ______ creates products to solve problems. A patent B engineer C geologist D biogeologist
3. Carbon dioxide and other gases in the air can trap heat. This ______ keeps the
4. Scalpels used in surgery are examples of ______. Surgeons use them to help
5. During ______, land may be changed to build industries, homes, or farms. A conservation biology B engineering C the greenhouse effect D land development
in nitrogen.
9. A form of oxygen that blocks harmful radiation is ______________________. 10. Areas where living things are not disturbed by humans are called ______________________.
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Chapter 19
20. The human population does not have a carrying capacity. Explain why.
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Part F Write a paragraph for each topic. Include a topic sentence, body, and conclusion in the paragraph. Support your answers with facts and examples from the textbook.
23. Describe three ways humans damage the environment. (3 points)
24. Clams that are native to China are living in San Francisco Bay. How can these
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Part B Match each term with its meaning. Write the correct letter on the line. ______ 6. acid rain ______ 7. emission ______ 8. engineer ______ 9. geology ______ 10. scientific journal
A
B a magazine in which scientists share their findings C a person who develops new products to help people D the study of nonliving parts of the earth E produced when sulfur dioxide dissolves in
water vapor
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that live here. Part D Circle the correct answer to each question.
16. A(n) ______ creates products that make life easier and help people. A biogeologist B engineer C geologist D conservation biologist
17. Anything harmful added to the environment is ______. A biodiversity B pollution C recycling D land development
18. ______ is a form of oxygen. It blocks the suns harmful radiation. A Acid rain B Ozone C Carbon dioxide D Eutrophication
19. Trash is collected and stored in ______. A landfills B estuaries C patents D reserves
20. ______ are chemical wastes given off as gases. A Patents B Landfills C Vapors D Emissions
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22. Carbon dioxide is a gas produced by living things. How can carbon dioxide
be a pollutant? (2 points)
Part F Write a paragraph for each topic. Include a topic sentence, body, and conclusion in the paragraph. Support your answers with facts and examples from the textbook.
23. Name and describe three human activities that help save ecosystems. (3 points)