-t

J
You are alreadv familiar \rith numbers. You have read about natural numbers'
whole numbers and integers, and the four fundanental operatlons on them- Let
us briefly re!'ise what you have already learnt.
The numbers used to count things are called natural numbers. The set of
nat ural numbers N
=
\ I , 2, 3, 4,
. . . | .
The number O (zero) together with the natural numbers gives us the set of
wl l ol e munbers w
=
{0, i . 2, 3, 4, . . . }.
The members of the collection of numbers ...,
-6. -5, -4, -3, -2. -l,
O, I, 2'
3, 4. 5, 6, . . . are cal l ed i nt egcrs. l , 2, 3, 4, . . . are cal l ed
Posi t i ve
i nt egers whl l e
-1. -2, -3, 14,
... aie called ncgative irltcgc.s. The integer 0-
(zero) is neither
positive nor negative. The set of lntegers is denoted by I or Z. So,
Z={ . . - 3, - 2, - 1, O, 1, 2, 3, . . . } . I nt eger s ar e al so cal l ed si gncd r r nl nbcr s or
di rect cd Dnnl bcI s.
Fou fundanenlal ooerations on dirQcted n nrbe's
The directed numbers and the integers are the same and you are a.lready
familiar with the four fundarnental operations on integers
Si mpl i fi cati on
An expression invoh'ing integers
(i.e., directed numbers) is simplified by the rule
of BoDMAs.
Steps l. Ftrst, carry out the operations lnside the brackets
(B)
Brackets are removed in the order: line bracket (or !'tnculun). first
(or
commonl brackets. second
(or curlyl brackets, thlrd
(or rectangulat
or square) brackets.
2. Then change' of i nt o' x' and mul t i pl y
(O).
3. Carry out the operatlons of division and multipllcation, in that
order
{DMl .
4. Finally, carry out the operauons of addition and subtraction
(AS).
si mpl t f y 14 r 6of t 625: 155 5
t g
6 3) l l .
The given erpression
=
14 + l6 of 1625
+
{55 5x(9 3)}l
=
14 + l 6 oI 1625 +
{55
-5
x 6}l
=
r4 + r6 of t 625
+
{55
-
30}l
=
14 + 16 of 1625
+ 251
=
14 +16 of 25
=
14 + 4oo
=
414
N3
TXAMPL[
l{-4
ICSE Maihemaucs for Class 8
EXAMPIf 1 lvrtte all
posslble three-dlgit numbers using the dlgits O' 3 and 5 when the di8ttt
ar (il not repeeted, [ii)
rePeated.
The digit O cannot be placed in the leftrnost place as it rtould yield a
numbel,
(11 When the digits are not repeated
TXAMPI.E 2
IXAMPLE 3
DiSit al unit,
Place
0
350, 530
3
503
5
305
(il) Wlen ihe digits are repeated
Digil al units pla.e
0 300, 330, 350, 500, 530, 550
3 303, 333, 353, 503. 533. 553
5 305, 335, 355, 505. 535, 555
Flnal tbe smallest flve-digtt numbei whtch ts exactly dtvkible by 241'
The smallest ftve"di$t number
=
10000'
241) 10000 (41
-
964
---36d
-241
-llt
fOOOO dMded by 24I
$ves
the remalnder
119'
So, the required numbe! must be
Feater
than f0000 by
(24f
-
I 19)
Hence. the requlred number
= loooo +
(241
-
1 19)
= 10000 + r22
=
10122'
Ftnd the largest six-digtt number whlch ii exactly dlvlsible by 459'
The largesl sjx-digit number
=
999999
45s) 999999 (2178
-
9t 8
---Er-
-
459
-360t
-
3213
---396t
-
3672
-tln-
999999 divided by 459 gives the remainder 297'
Hence, the required numbet
= 999999 remalnder
=999999 297
=999702'
EXAMPLT 4 Si mpl i f y 4ot l l 6- 02+(
3+15x3) l +21'
The
Elven
expression
=
4 ofll6
-
172
+ (12 x3)j +21
=
4 of 116
-
\72
+36]l +2)
= 4 ofII6 2 +21
: 4of 16=4x16=64.
Number Systems
Si Epl i f y 24
I 35
+9 4of
{11-dri gi l
N-5
gven expressi on =
24
-
t 36
- 9 4 of {l 1
- (-8)}
I
=
24
136+9-4of I t +8] l
=24
136+9 4of l 9l =24
136+9- 761=24 14
761
=24- l
721=24+72 - 96.
Fill in th blanks by selcting from the bnckets.
(i)
If a profit of{ lOO is descrlbed as + lOO the! a 1036 of{ 80 wiu be descdbed
(We use <to represent Rs or Re.)
as , . . . . . .
[ -2O, +8O, aO]
( i i j l s ( 18) . . . . . . ( - 2) r 5.
( i i i l 7 \ ( - 41+56 +( 2] =. . . . .
t 56, O, 561
>
i . i 5- t - 18) = 15+18=3i ( - 21x5= 10; ar d3>
- 10]
0
1.
- 7
x ( - 4) +56 -
l - 2)
=2a
+( 2a)
=O' t
FInd
(i)
thc sum and (il)
the diffcrcnce of the smallest whole number and the smallest
Bt ural number.
Urite all the possible 4-digt numbers using each of the digits 4, 0, 5, 9 only once.
q'rirc
all the posslble 3-diqit numbers using each of Urc digits 2, 5, 9 only oDce.
$-rirc all lhe possible 2,digjt numbers using di$ts lroDr 2, 0, 5 when the digtts
(i)
may be
repeated,
(ii)
are not repeated,
Find the sum oI the smallest ard the greatest numbers oI 6 dtglts ushg each oI flre dlgits
O. 1, 2, 7, 5, I onl y once.
Find the smallcst six-digit number which is exactly di\,'istble by 471.
Find the Iargest seven-digit number which is exactly di!'isible by 313,
FiDd the largest five-dtglt number which ls exactly divisible by 37.
Fi i l i D l hc bl ar
(s
bv usi rg. - or *.
( i l l oo
8x24+3. . . . . . r 00- ( 8x2, 1) +3 ( x) 4. 5
3+12+6. . . . 4 5 3+12+6
Lise > or < to fill in the blanks.
l i t 2- 5 8 | 241 : 4. . . 2- 5. 8
124) , 4 t t i j 2 3- g 6. 3. . . . 2. 3- 9- 6: 3
Simplify the following.
( i )
260: 5oI I 50- { 16+Q4+4 I ) ) ) { i i l 35O
l t i 4: 3
7r , t : 1. , i : 2 ( 9 I l l l } i
Sr npl t r y 7
I ( 8) 6+{ - 2) - { 10ot (
2) - ( 7
- ) . 7) } ) .
i t l
( i i
)
( i i i l
,.
a
e-
t r .
r . ( 0 r ( i i J- 1
2. 4590, 4509, 4950, 4905. 4059, 4095. 5490, 5409, 5940, 5904, 5049, 5094, 9450, 9: t 05, 9540, 9504,
9045, 905. r
3. 255, 255, 529.592,925,952 4. t i t 20. 22. 25 50 52. 55 r i j j 20. 25, 50. 52
5. LO777A9
9. {i )
= (l i ) +
6. 100323
ro. (t > (i i ) >
7. 9999724
r1. i i ) 2 (i i )
349
a. 99974
L2. 1,2
*