Khadijah Isaacs

7th period
11/5/13
1.) Kinetic Energy - Is the energy of motion.
2.)Potential Energy-An object can store energy as the result of its position
3.)Oxidation-An object can store energy as the result of its position
4.)Oxidation-Reduction (redox)-a process in which one substance or molecule is
reduced and another oxidized; oxidation and reduction considered together as
complementary processes
5.)First Law of Thermodynamics-the branch of physical science that deals with the
relations between heat and other forms of energy and, by extension, of the
relationships between all forms of energy
6.) Heat-the quality of being hot; high temperature.
7.)Second Law of Thermodynamics-the branch of physical science that deals with
the relations between heat and other forms of energy
8.)Entropy-a thermodynamic quantity representing the unavailability of a system's
thermal energy
9.)Free Energy (g)-Thermodynamic state function of a system that indicates the
amount of energy
10.)enthalpy (H)-Also known as the heat content, describes the thermodynamic
potential of a system in terms of energy. H = E + P*V


11.)Endergonic- Requires release or output of energy, when G is negative
12.)Exergonic- Requires and input of energy, when G is positive (G being change
in free energy)
13.)Activation energy - The extra energy needed to destabilize existing chemical
bonds and initiate (start) a new chemical.
14.)Catalysis- Substances that influence chemical bonds in a way that lowers
activation energy
15.)ATP- Adenosine triphosphate
16.)Inorganic Phosphate (Pi- the i is on the bottom of p)- A salt phosphoric acid.
17.)Substrates- A substances or layer that underlines something, or on which some
process occurs, in particular.
18.)Active Sites- Pockets or clefts for substance binding.
19.)Enzyme-Substrate Complex- Any of numerous proteins or conjugated proteins
produced by living organisms and functioning as biochemical catalysts.
20.)Multienzyme Complexes- Subunits work together to form molecular machine.


21.) Inhibitor-One that inhibits, as a substance that retards or stops a chemical
reaction.
22.) Competitive Inhibitor-is a form of enzyme inhibition where binding of the
inhibitor to the active site on the enzyme prevents binding of the substrate and vice
versa.
23.)Non-Competitive Inhibitors-is a type of enzyme inhibition where the inhibitor
reduces the activity of the enzyme and binds equally well to the enzyme whether or
not it has already bound the substrate.
24.) Allosteric Site-is another important site on an enzyme, other than the active
site. When a molecule binds to the allosteric site, the activity of the enzyme is
altered (some enzymes can be activated and others inhibited).
25.) Allosteric Inhibitor-are molecules that attach to a site on the enzyme other
than the active site and inhibit the function of that enzyme.
26.) Cofactors-is a non-protein chemical compound that is bound to a protein and
is required for the protein's biological activity
27.)Coenzyme-a non protein compound that is necessary for the functioning of an
enzyme.
28.)Metabolism- Total of all chemical reactions carried out by an organism
29.) Anabolism-the synthesis of complex molecules in living organisms from
simpler ones together with the storage of energy; constructive metabolism.
30.) Catabolism-the breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form
simpler ones, together with the release of energy; destructive metabolism.
31.) Biochemical Pathways- Reactions occurring in a sequence. Product of one
reaction is the substrate for the next
32.) Feedback Inhibition- End-product of pathway binds to an allosteric site on
enzyme that catalyses first reaction in pathway.