Document 1

Kristallnacht Order
Message from SS-Grupenfhrer Heydrich to all State Police Main Offices and Field Offices, November 10 1938
(before Kristallnacht, the "night of broken glass," the first large scale pogrom against the Jews).
Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression - Washington, U.S Govt. Print. Off., 1946, Vol. III, p. 545-547.

Regards: Measures against Jews tonight.

a) Only such measures may be taken which do not jeopardize German life or property (for instance, burning of
synagogues only if there is no danger of fires for the neighborhoods).

b) Business establishments and homes of Jews may be destroyed but not looted. The police have been
instructed to supervise the execution of these directives and to arrest looters.

c) In Business streets special care is to be taken that non-Jewish establishments will be safeguarded at all cost
against damage.

As soon as the events of this night permit the use of the designated officers, as many Jews, particularly wealthy
ones, as the local jails will hold, are to be arrested in all districts. Initially only healthy male Jews, not too old, are
to be arrested. After the arrests have been carried out the appropriate concentration camp is to be contacted
immediately with a view to a quick transfer of the Jews to the camps

1.How would The Kristallnact Order change life for the Jews?
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2.Were German citizens treated the same way as the Jews were?
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Document 2

Nazi Propaganda

1)Who is being represented in the Nazi propaganda?

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2)What is the point the Nazis are trying to express with this cartoon?
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Document 3
Testimony of a SS Death Camp Office

If my memory serves me right, about thirty to forty women were gassed in one gas chamber.
The Jewish women were forced to undress in an open place close to the gas chamber, and
were driven into the gas chamber by the above mentioned SS members and the Ukrainian
auxiliaries. When the women were shut up in the gas chamber I and Bolender set the motor
in motion. The motor functioned first in neutral. Both of us stood by the motor and switched
from "Neutral" (Freiauspuff) to "Cell" (Zelle), so that the gas was conveyed to the chamber.
At the suggestion of the chemist, I fixed the motor on a definite speed so that it was
unnecessary henceforth to press on the gas. About ten minutes later the thirty to forty women
were dead.
- From the testimony of SS-Unterscharfuehrer Wilhelm Bahr in his trial at Hamburg.
Quoted in "Truth Prevails"

1) Based on the testimony of this SS officer, what happened to the women prisoners of
this Concentration camp?
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Document 4
Adolf Hitlers View of the Jews

If I am ever in power the destruction of the Jews will be my first and most
important job. As soon as I have the power I shall have gallows after gallows
erected. Then Jews will be hanged one after another and will stay hanging
until they stink.
- Letter from Adolf Hitler to Josef Hell (German Newspaper Editor), 1922

1) How does this quote represent anti-sematic ideas?

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2) What historic event can these ideas be connected to?

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Document 5
Life of Prisoners in Nazi Camps

A prisoner in Dachau is forced to stand without moving for endless hours as a

punishment. He is wearing a triangle patch identification on his chest.

1) What was life like for prisoners in the Concentration Camp?

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Document 6
Jewish Population in Europe Before and After World War II

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Country

Jewish Population Number of Jews Percentage of

September, 1939
Murdered
Jews Murdered
---------------------------------------------------------------------1. Poland
3,300,000
2,800,000
85.0
2. USSR (occupied
territories)
2,100.000
1,500,000
71.4
3. Romania
850,000
425,000
50.0
4. Hungary
404,000
200,000
49.5
5. Czechoslovakia
315,000
260,000
82.5
6. France
300,000
90,000
30.0
7. Germany
210,000
171,000
81.0
8. Lithuania
150,000
135,000
90.0
9. Holland
150,000
90,000
60.0
10. Latvia
95,000
85,000
89.5
11. Belgium
90,000
40,000
44.4
12. Greece
75,000
65,000
80.0
13. Yugoslavia
75,000
55,000
73.3
14. Austria
60,000
40,000
66.6
15. Italy
57,000
15,000
26.3
16. Bulgaria
50,000
7,000
14.0
17. Others
20,000
6,000
30.0
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Totals
8,301,000
5,978,000
72.0
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1) How many Jews lived in Europe before the start of World War II?
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2) After World War II, what percentages of Jews were killed?
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