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HPO
4
2
+ H
+
3. H
3
PO
4
H
2
PO
4
+ H
+
4. PO
4
3
+ 3 H
+
H
3
PO
4
5. H
3
PO
4
PO
4
3
+ 3 H
+
Explanation:
For a triprotic acid, K
a3
will describe the
3rd (and nal) deprotonation event.
003 10.0 points
Consider the ionization constants
hypochlorous acid (HOCl) : K
a
= 3.5 10
8
;
ammonia (NH
3
) : K
b
= 1.810
5
. A solution
of ammonium hypochlorite (NH
4
OCl) is
1. acidic, because the anion in the salt hy-
drolyzes to a greater extent than the cation in
the salt.
2. basic, because the anion in the salt hy-
drolyzes to a greater extent than the cation in
the salt. correct
3. acidic, because the cation in the salt hy-
drolyzes to a greater extent than the anion in
the salt.
4. neutral, because the cation and the anion
in the salt hydrolyze to the same extent.
5. neutral, because NH
4
OCl is a weak
base/weak acid salt.
6. basic, because the cation in the salt hy-
drolyzes to a greater extent than the anion in
the salt.
Explanation:
Compare
NH
+
4
+ H
2
O
NH
3
+ H
3
O
+
K
a
=
1
K
b
=
1
1.8 10
5
= 55555.6
OCl
+ H
2
O
HOCl + OH
K
b
=
1
K
a
=
1
3.5 10
8
= 2.85714 10
7
The production of OH
occurs to the
greater extent, making the solution basic.
004 10.0 points
The K
a
of lactic acid is 1.4 x 10
4
. If you mix
100 mL of a 0.1 M solution of lactic acid with
4 mL of 1.0M solution of NaOH, what is the
pH of the resulting solution?
1. 10.15
2. 3.85
3. 3.67 correct
4. 4.02
5. 7.00
6. 9.98
Explanation:
Version 340 Exam 3 302 sutclie (52200) 2
A 100 mL solution of 0.1 M lactic acid will
contain 0.01 moles of lactic acid. 4mL of
a 1.0M solution of NaOH will contain .004
moles of OH
ions.
HA(aq) + OH
(aq) A
(aq) + H
2
O
pH = pK
a
+ log
[lactate]
[lacticacid]
pK
a
= -log(1.4 x 10
3
) = 3.85
pH = 3.85 + log
(.004)
(.006)
= 3.67
005 10.0 points
Consider the fractional composition dia-
gram for a generic diprotic acid H
2
A.
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
pH
F
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
m
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
What is the structure of the dominant
species at pH 5?
1. H
2
A
2. HA
correct
3. A
2
Explanation:
To the left of 3.3, the red graph representing
H
2
A is dominant.
Between 3.3 and 13.2, the blue graph rep-
resenting HA
is dominant.
To the right of 13.2, the green graph repre-
senting A
2
is dominant.
006 10.0 points
An indicator changes from red to blue going
from its acidic (nonionized) form to its basic
(ionized) form. The indicator has a K
a
of
3.2 10
5
. What color would be visible in a
solution with this indicator at pH 5.62?
1. red
2. blue correct
3. blueish-purple
4. reddish-purple
5. purple
Explanation:
The pK
a
is 4.5 so that is where you would
see purple (50/50 blend of red and blue). You
would see all red for pH 3.5 and lower, and
all blue for 5.5 and above. The 5.62 pH given
is denitely beyond the transition range and
you would see BLUE.
007 10.0 points
What is the pH of a solution which is
0.400 M in dimethylamine ((CH
3
)
2
NH) and
0.600 M in dimethylamine hydrochloride
(CH
3
)
2
NH
+
2
Cl
? K
b
for dimethylamine =
0.00074.
1. 11.05
2. 2.95
3. 3.31
4. 10.87
5. 11.21
6. 10.78
7. 10.69 correct
Explanation:
K
b
= 0.00074 K
w
= 1 10
14
[(CH
3
)
2
NH] = 0.4 M [(CH
3
)
2
NH
+
2
] = 0.6 M
K
a, (CH3)2NH
+
2
=
K
w
K
b, (CH3)2NH
Applying the Henderson-Hasselbalch equa-
tion
pH = pK
a
+ log
[(CH
3
)
2
NH]
[(CH
3
)
2
NH
+
2
]
= log
K
w
K
a
+ log
[(CH
3
)
2
NH]
[(CH
3
)
2
NH
+
2
]
1 10
14
0.00074
+ log
0.4
0.6
= 10.6931
008 10.0 points
What is the pH of 3 10
9
M Ba(OH)
2
?
1. 5.78
2. 5.48
3. 8.22
4. 8.52
5. 7.03 correct
Explanation:
[Ba(OH)
2
] = 3 10
9
M K
w
= 1 10
14
Ba(OH)
2
completely dissociates:
Ba(OH)
2
(aq) Ba
2+
(aq) + 2 OH
(aq)
[OH
] = 2 [Ba(OH)
2
]
= 2 (3 10
9
) = 6 10
9
which is less than the [OH
] in pure water
(1 10
7
), so we must consider this concen-
tration:
H
2
O
H
+
+ OH
ini 1 10
7
1 10
7
6 10
9
+6 10
9
n 9.4 10
8
1.06 10
7
K
w
= [OH
] [H
+
]
[H
+
] =
K
w
[OH
]
=
1 10
14
1.06 10
7
= 9.43396 10
8
Thus
pH = log[H
+
]
= log(9.43396 10
8
) = 7.02531
Remember to check if your pH makes sense.
The usual error here is to just substitute the
[OH
4
.
The expression for K
sp
=
Ag
+
2
CrO
.
Since the molar solubility is x, K
sp
can be
rewritten (in terms of x) as
K
sp
= [2 x]
2
[x] = 4 x
3
.
Ag
+
[A
]/[HA]
NH
4
+
Initial 0.4 0.4 0
Change 0.4 0.4 0.4
Final 0 0 0.4
Choice with 0.2 mol HF
HF + OH
+ H
2
O
Initial 0.2 0.1 0
Change 0.1 0.1 0.1
Final 0.1 0 0.1
The choice with 0.2 mol HF has both weak
acid and weak conjugate base left over, so it
is the buer solution.
016 10.0 points
Determine the pH of a 0.03 M solution of
NaH
2
PO
4
? Assume H
3
PO
4
has a pK
a1
of 2.1
and a pK
a2
of 7.2 and a pK
a3
of 12.7.
1. 7.40
2. 9.95
3. 4.36
4. 1.81
5. 7.11
6. 4.65 correct
Explanation:
For a solution composed of a single ampho-
teric species (H
2
PO
4
),
pH = 0.5(pK
a1
+pK
a2
) = 0.5(2.1+7.2) = 4.65
017 10.0 points
The equivalence point during titration of an
acid with a base may not occur at a pH of 7.0
because
1. the indicator may be one that changes
color at some other pH.
2. if a strong acid or base is used, it is com-
pletely ionized and therefore not neutral.
3. A solution containing a weak acid or a
weak base could never be neutral.
4. hydrolysis of the salt produced may make
the solution acidic or basic. correct
Version 340 Exam 3 302 sutclie (52200) 6
5. The statement is false; the pH must be
7.0 at the equivalence point.
Explanation:
If a weak acid or a weak base is involved
in the titration its conjugate which forms at
the equivalence point hydrolyzes to produce
excess H
3
O
+
in the case of a weak base or
excess OH
H
2
O + A
+ H
2
O
HA + OH
or weak base:
B + H
3
O
+
H
2
O + BH
+
BH
+
+ H
2
O
B + H
3
O
+
018 10.0 points
A solution contains 1.00 mole of acetic acid
and has pH = 2.50. How many grams of
NaCH
3
COO3H
2
O (of MW 136) should be
dissolved in the solution to raise the pH to
4.00?
1. 35 g
2. 20 g
3. 10 g
4. 24 g correct
5. 15 g
Explanation:
Let cpd = NaCH
3
COO3H
2
O
acetic acid = 1 mol pH
ini
= 2.5
K
a
= 1.8 10
5
MW
cpd
= 136 g
pH
n
= 4
CH
3
COOH + H
2
O
CH
3
COO
+ H
3
O
+
[CH
3
COO
] = [H
3
O
+
]
= 10
2.5
= 0.00316228
K
a
=
[CH
3
COO
][H
3
O
+
]
[CH
3
COOH]
[CH
3
COOH] =
[CH
3
COO
][H
3
O
+
]
K
a
=
(0.00316228)
2
(1.8 10
5
)
= 0.555556 M CH
3
COOH
1.00 mol CH
3
COOH
1.00 L soln
0.555556 mol CH
3
COOH
= 1.8 L soln
pH
n
= pK
a
+ log
[cpd]
[CH
3
COOH]
= pK
a
+ log [cpd]
log [CH
3
COOH]
log [cpd] = pH
n
pK
a
+ log[CH
3
COOH]
= 4 [log(1.8 10
5
)]
+ log 0.555556
= 1 M
[cpd] = 0.1 mol
(1.8 L soln)
0.1 mol cpd
L soln
136 g cpd
1 mol cpd
= 24.48 g cpd
019 10.0 points
When ammonium chloride is added to
NH
3
(aq),
1. the K
b
increases.
2. the pH of the solution increases.
3. the pH of the solution decreases. correct
4. the equilibrium concentration of NH
3
(aq)
decreases.
5. the pH of the solution does not change.
Explanation:
020 10.0 points
K
sp
for CaF
2
is 3.9 10
11
. Would a pre-
cipitate of CaF
2
form if Ca(NO
3
)
2
and NaF
Version 340 Exam 3 302 sutclie (52200) 7
solutions were mixed such that [Ca
2+
] =
2.0 10
4
M, and [F
] = 3.0 10
4
M?
1. yes, because Q is smaller than K
sp
2. no correct
3. yes, because Q is larger than K
sp
Explanation:
021 10.0 points
Calculate the pH of the solution resulting
from the addition of 29.0 mL of 0.180 M
HClO
4
to 73.0 mL of 0.140 M NaOH.
1. 12.84
2. 1.16
3. 13.15
4. 1.31
5. 12.69 correct
6. 7.00
7. 0.85
Explanation:
V
HClO4
= 29.0 mL [HClO
4
] = 0.180 M
V
NaOH
= 73.0 mL [NaOH] = 0.140 M
Here its important to nd out which of
these two species (HClO
4
and NaOH) is in ex-
cess. The one that is in excess will determine
the pH of this solution. From the formulas of
the two compounds, you can expect that they
will react in a one-to-one fashion.
So our rst order of business will be to
determine how many moles of each compound
we have.
For HClO
4
, we have
(29.0 mL)
1 L
1000 mL
0.180 mol
1 L
1 L
1000 mL
0.140 mol
1 L
. [OH
] is then
[OH
] =
0.00500 mol
0.102 L
= 0.0490 M,
which means that the pOH of this solution is
pOH = log [OH
1 mol H
+
1 mol HCl
1
482 L
= 9.39 10
4
M H
+
Version 340 Exam 3 302 sutclie (52200) 8
pH = log[H
+
]
= log[9.39 10
4
] = 3.03
023 10.0 points
Explain why the salt of a weak acid, as well
as the acid itself, must be present to form a
buer solution.
1. The cation from the salt is needed to
partially neutralize added acid.
2. The anion from the salt is needed to
partially neutralize added base.
3. The cation from the salt is needed to
partially neutralize added base.
4. Actually, a weak acid by itself is a buer;
no salt is needed.
5. The anion from the salt is needed to
partially neutralize added acid. correct
Explanation:
The salt of the acid provides the anion
which is the conjugate base of the buer sys-
tem:
HA + H
2
O
A
+ H
3
O
+
This anion A
K
a
C
BH
+
=
(2.38095 10
5
) (0.34)
= 0.00284521 M
pH = log(0.00284521) = 2.54589
This means you need a K
a
for the weak
acid BH
+
. Use K
a
=
K
w
K
b
to get the K
a
=
2.38095 10
5
. You can use the approxima-
tion for the equilibrium which means that
[H
+
] =
K
a
C
BH
+ = 0.00284521 M
pH = log(0.00284521) = 2.54589
026 10.0 points
Consider a solution that is 0.10 M in a weak
Version 340 Exam 3 302 sutclie (52200) 9
triprotic acid which is represented by the gen-
eral formula H
3
A with ionization constants
K
1
= 1.0 10
3
, K
2
= 1.0 10
8
, and
K
3
= 1.0 10
12
. What is the pH of the
solution?
1. 2.25
2. 2.02 correct
3. 2.35
4. 2.15
5. 2.54
Explanation:
027 10.0 points
Consider the titration of 15.0 mL of 0.200 M
H
3
PO
4
(aq) with 0.200 M NaOH(aq). What
is/are the major species in solution after the
addition of 15.0 mL of base?
1. H
2
PO
4
(aq) correct
2. H
3
PO
4
(aq) and H
2
PO
4
(aq)
3. PO
3
4
(aq)
4. H
2
PO
4
(aq) and HPO
2
4
(aq)
Explanation: