400kv Protection

400KV PROTECTION
400KV PROTECTION
PREPARED BY PREPARED BY
GOPALA KRISHNA PALEPU GOPALA KRISHNA PALEPU
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION) ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
BASICS
BASICS
OF
OF
ONE AND HALF
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
SCHEME
PREPARED BY
GOPALA KRISHNA PALEPU
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION
ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION
BUS-1
1. IN THIS TWO BUSES ARE PRIOVIDED.
BUS-2
2. THESE TWO BUSES ARE INTER CONNECTED BY THREE BREAKERS.
3. THEY ARE DESIGNATED AS 1-52 CB, 2-52 CB, 3-52 CB.
1-52 CB
2-52 CB
3-52 CB
4. LINE-1 IS CONNECTED IN BETWEEN 1-52 CB & 2-52 CB.
LINE-1
5. LINE-2 IS CONNECTED IN BETWEEN 3-52 CB & 2-52 CB.
LINE-2
6. LINE-1 HAVING TWO FEEDING PATHS i.e
A. VIA BUS-1 & 1-52 CB
B. VIA BUS-2, 3-52 CB & 2-52 CB
7. LINE-2 HAVING TWO FEEDING PATHS i.e
A. VIA BUS-2 & 3-52 CB
B. VIA BUS-1, 1-52 CB & 2-52 CB
8. FOR INTURUPTING LINE-1 THE 1-52CB AND 2-52CB IS TO BE TRIPPED.
9. FOR INTURUPTING LINE-2 THE 3-52CB & 2-52CB IS TO BE TRIPPED.
10. FOR ANY PROBLEM IN LINE-1 OR LINE-2 THE MIDDLE BREAKER(2-52 CB)
MUST TRIP.
13. SO THESE TWO FEEDERS CONTROLLING BY THREE CIRCUIT BREAKERS
IT IS CALLED ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM.
M
A
I
N

B
A
Y
(
1
S
T
B
A
Y
)

F
O
R

F
E
E
D
E
R
-
1
M
A
I
N

B
A
Y
(
3
R
D
B
A
Y
)

F
O
R

F
E
E
D
E
R
-
2
15. THE BAY BETWEEN LINE-1 & LINE-2 IS CALLED TIE BAY FOR FEEDER-1 & 2.
16. THE BAY BETWEEN BUS-2 & LINE-2 IS CALLED MAIN BAY FOR FEEDER-2.
T
I
E

B
A
Y

(
2
N
D
B
A
Y

)

F
O
R

F
E
E
D
E
R
-
1

&

2
M.Tech(EMID), (MBA)
ADE/MRT/400KV SS/APTRANSCO
MAMIDIPALLY, HYDERABAD
11. NORMALLY IN ALL TYPES OF BUSBAR CONFIGUARATIONS ONE BREAKER
IS SUFFICIENT FOR ONE FEEDER.
14. THE BAY BETWEEN BUS-1 & LINE-1 IS CALLED MAIN BAY FOR FEEDER-1.
12. HERE TWO FEEDERS ARE CONTROLLING BY THREE BREAKERS.
ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM
(4CTS METHOD)
(4CTS METHOD)
LINE 1
1-89
1-89A
1 1- -52CB 52CB
1-CT
3
33
3-89
3-89A
3 3- -52CB 52CB
3-CT
3
2 2- -52CB 52CB
2-ACT 2-BCT
2-89A 2-89B
1-89L 3-89T
BUS-1 BUS-2
T/F-1
P1
P1
P1
P1
P2
P2
P2 P2
(5CTS METHOD)
(5CTS METHOD)
LINE 1
1-89A
1 1- -52CB 52CB
1-CT
3
3
3
3-89
3-89A
3 3- -52CB 52CB
3-CT
3
2 2- -52CB 52CB
1-LCT
2-CT
2-89A 2-89B
1-89L 3-89T
BUS-1 BUS-2
T/F-1
3
3-TCT
1-89
P2
P1
P2
P2
P2
P1
P1
P2
P1
P1
(6CTS METHOD)
(6CTS METHOD)
LINE 1
1-89A
1 1- -52CB 52CB
1B-CT
3
33
3-89
3-89A
3 3- -52CB 52CB
3B-CT
3
2 2- -52CB 52CB
2B-CT
2-89A 2-89B
1-89L 3-89T
BUS-1 BUS-2
T/F-1
3
1-89
P2
P1 P2
P2
P2
P1
P1
P2 P1
P1
3
P2
P1
1A-CT
2A-CT
3A-CT
(6CTS METHOD)
(6CTS METHOD)
LINE 1
1-89A
1 1- -52CB 52CB
1B-CT
3
33
3-89
3-89A
3 3- -52CB 52CB
3B-CT
3
2 2- -52CB 52CB
2B-CT
2-89A 2-89B
1-89L 3-89T
BUS-1 BUS-2
T/F-1
3
1-89
P2
P1 P2
P2
P2
P1
P1
P2 P1
P1
3
P2
P1
1L-CT
2A-CT
3T-CT
PROTECTION TRIP SCHEME
PROTECTION TRIP SCHEME
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-52CB 3-52CB
2-52CB
86 86- -A A
MTR/ MTR/
HSTR HSTR
ABB ABB
REL521 REL521
MAIN MAIN- -1 1
86 86- -B B
MTR/ MTR/
HSTR HSTR
86 86- -B B
MTR/ MTR/
HSTR HSTR
86 86- -A A
MTR/ MTR/
HSTR HSTR
86 86- -B B
MTR/ MTR/
HSTR HSTR
86 86- -A A
MTR/ MTR/
HSTR HSTR
ABB ABB
REL521 REL521
MAIN MAIN- -1 1
ABB ABB
REL316 REL316
MAIN MAIN- -2 2
ABB ABB
RET521 RET521
MAIN MAIN- -1 1
ABB ABB
RET316 RET316
MAIN MAIN- -2 2
TRIP COIL-1
TRIP COIL-1
TRIP COIL-1
TRIP COIL-2 TRIP COIL-2
TRIP COIL-2
86 86- -A : GROUP A : GROUP- -A MASTER TRIP RELAY / HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY A MASTER TRIP RELAY / HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY
86 86- -B : GROUP B : GROUP- -B MASTER TRIP RELAY / HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY B MASTER TRIP RELAY / HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY
SINGLE BUS SYSTEM
SINGLE BUS SYSTEM
1 1- -52CB 52CB
1-89 1-89L
3
1-CT
P2 P1
33
3
3
CORES
1 2 3 4 5
B
U
S

B
A
R

P
R
O
T
E
C
T
I
O
N
B
U
S

B
A
R

P
R
O
T
E
C
T
I
O
N
B
U
S

B
A
R

C
H
E
C
K
U
P

B
U
S

B
A
R

C
H
E
C
K
U
P

P
R
O
T
P
R
O
T
M
E
T
E
R
I
N
G
M
E
T
E
R
I
N
G
M
A
I
N
M
A
I
N
-
-
2
/
B
A
C
K
U
P

P
R
O
T
E
C
T
I
O
N
2
/
B
A
C
K
U
P

P
R
O
T
E
C
T
I
O
N
M
A
I
N
M
A
I
N
- -
1

P
R
O
T
E
C
T
I
O
N
1

P
R
O
T
E
C
T
I
O
N
BUS
1-CVT
3
3
3 3
1 2 3
3
3
3
3
3
2
1
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
CONNECTIONS IN 4CT METHOD
1
1
-
-
CT
CT
2
2
-
-
BCT
BCT
2
2
-
-
ACT
ACT
3
3
-
-
CT
CT
CORE
CORE
-
-
1
1
(PS) (PS)
CT SECONDARY CT SECONDARY
CORE IS CORE IS
CONNECTED TO CONNECTED TO
BUSBAR BUSBAR- -1 1
PROTECTION PROTECTION
SPARE SPARE SPARE SPARE
CT SECONDARY CT SECONDARY
CORE IS CORE IS
BUSBAR BUSBAR- -2 2
CORE
CORE
-
-
2
2
(PS) (PS)
BUSBAR BUSBAR- -1 1
CHECKUP CHECKUP
(SPARE) (SPARE)
BUSBAR BUSBAR- -2 2
CHECKUP CHECKUP
(SPARE) (SPARE)
CORE
CORE
-
-
3
3
(0.5/0.2) (0.5/0.2)
2CTs SECONDARIES ARE 2CTs SECONDARIES ARE
CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND
PANEL METERS & ENERGY METER PANEL METERS & ENERGY METER
PANEL METERS & ENERGY METER PANEL METERS & ENERGY METER
CORE
CORE
-
-
4
4
(PS) (PS)
MAIN MAIN- -2 PROTECTION 2 PROTECTION
AFTER LBB/BFR AFTER LBB/BFR
BACKUP PROTECTION BACKUP PROTECTION
CORE
CORE
-
-
5
5
(PS) (PS)
CONNECTED CONNECTED
IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO
CONNECTED CONNECTED
IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO
MAIN PROTECTION MAIN PROTECTION
LINE PROTECTION
LINE PROTECTION
(CT CONNECTIONS (CT CONNECTIONS IN IN 4CTs METHOD) 4CTs METHOD)
LINE 1
1-89
1-89A
1 1- -52CB 52CB
3-89
3-89A
3 3- -52CB 52CB
2 2- -52CB 52CB
2-89A
2-89B
1-89L
3-89T
BUS-1 BUS-2
T/F-1
1-CT
P1
P2
3
3
3
3
3
C
O
R
E
S
1
2
3
4
5
333 3
3
CORES
1 2 3 4 5
2B-CT
P1 P2
B
U
S

B
A
R

P
R
O
T
E
C
T
I
O
N
B
U
S

B
A
R

P
R
O
T
E
C
T
I
O
N
B
U
S
B
A
R

C
H
E
C
K
U
P

P
R
O
T
B
U
S
B
A
R

C
H
E
C
K
U
P

P
R
O
T
METERING METERING
3
3
3
3
3
2
1
1-CVT
.
.
.
LINE 1
1-89
1-89A
1 1- -52CB 52CB
3-89
3-89A
3 3- -52CB 52CB
2 2- -52CB 52CB
2-89A
2-89B
1-89L
3-89T
BUS-1 BUS-2
T/F-1
333
3
3
CORES
1 2 3 4 5
3
3
3
3
3
C
O
R
E
S
5
4
3
2
1
P1
P2
2A-CT
3-CT
P1
P2
B
U
S

B
A
R

P
R
O
T
E
C
T
I
O
N
B
U
S

B
A
R

P
R
O
T
E
C
T
I
O
N
B
U
S
B
A
R

C
H
E
C
K
U
P

P
R
O
T
B
U
S
B
A
R

C
H
E
C
K
U
P

P
R
O
T
METERING METERING
TRANSFORMER PROTECTION
TRANSFORMER PROTECTION
LV CT
3
3
3
3
3
2
1
3
3
3
3
3
2
1
3
3
3
3
1
2
3
.
.
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
1
1
-
-
CT
CT
1
1
-
-
LCT
LCT
2
2
-
-
CT
CT
3
3
-
-
TCT
TCT
3
3
-
-
CT
CT
CORE
CORE
-
-
1
1
(PS)
(PS)
BUSBAR BUSBAR- -1 1
TEED PROT TEED PROT- -1 1
(BAY 1&2) (BAY 1&2)
(BAY 2&3) (BAY 2&3)
(BAY 2&3) (BAY 2&3)
BUSBAR BUSBAR- -2 2
CORE
CORE
-
-
2
2
(PS)
(PS)
BUSBAR BUSBAR- -1 1
CHECKUP CHECKUP
(SPARE) (SPARE)
(BAY 1&2) (BAY 1&2)
(BAY 2&3) (BAY 2&3)
(BAY 2&3) (BAY 2&3)
BUSBAR BUSBAR- -2 2
CHECKUP CHECKUP
(SPARE) (SPARE)
CORE
CORE
-
-
3
3
(0.5/0.2)
(0.5/0.2)
SPARE SPARE
METERING & METERING &
ENERGY ENERGY
METER METER
SPARE SPARE
ENERGY ENERGY
METER METER
SPARE SPARE
CORE
CORE
-
-
4
4
(PS)
(PS)
(BAY 1&2) (BAY 1&2)
AFTER AFTER
LBB/BFR LBB/BFR
(1 (1- -52) 52)
MAIN MAIN- -2 2
(BAY 1&2) (BAY 1&2)
AFTER AFTER
LBB/BFR LBB/BFR
(2 (2- -52) 52)
BACKUP BACKUP
(BAY 2&3) (BAY 2&3)
AFTER AFTER
LBB/BFR LBB/BFR
(3 (3- -52) 52)
CORE
CORE
-
-
5
5
(PS)
(PS)
(BAY 1&2) (BAY 1&2)
MAIN MAIN- -1 1
(BAY 1&2) (BAY 1&2)
MAIN MAIN
(BAY 2&3) (BAY 2&3)
LINE PROTECTION
LINE PROTECTION
LINE 1
1-89
1-89A
1 1- -52CB 52CB
3-89
3-89A
3 3- -52CB 52CB
2 2- -52CB 52CB
2-89A
2-89B
1-89L
3-89T
BUS-1 BUS-2
T/F-1
1-CT
P1
P2
3
3
3
3
3
C
O
R
E
S
1
2
3
4
5
3 3 3
3
3
CORES
1 2 3 4 5
2-CT
P1 P2
B
U
S

B
A
R

P
R
O
T
E
C
T
I
O
N
B
U
S

B
A
R

P
R
O
T
E
C
T
I
O
N
B
U
S
B
A
R

C
H
E
C
K
U
P

P
R
O
T
B
U
S
B
A
R

C
H
E
C
K
U
P

P
R
O
T
METERING METERING
3
3
3
3
1
2
3
1-CVT
3
3
3
3
3
C
O
R
E
S
5
4
3
2
1
1L-CT
P1
P2
T
E
E
D
T
E
E
D
- -
2

P
R
O
T

(
B
A
Y
1
&
2
)
2

P
R
O
T

(
B
A
Y
1
&
2
)
T
E
E
D
T
E
E
D
- -
1

P
R
O
T

(
B
A
Y
1
&
2
)
1

P
R
O
T

(
B
A
Y
1
&
2
)
T
E
E
D
T
E
E
D
- -
2

P
R
O
T

(
B
A
Y
2
&
3
)
2

P
R
O
T

(
B
A
Y
2
&
3
)
T
E
E
D
T
E
E
D
- -
1

P
R
O
T

(
B
A
Y
2
&
3
)
1

P
R
O
T

(
B
A
Y
2
&
3
)
.
T/F PROTECTION
T/F PROTECTION
LINE 1
1-89
1-89A
1 1- -52CB 52CB
3-89
3-89A
3 3- -52CB 52CB
2 2- -52CB 52CB
2-89A
2-89B
1-89L
3-89T
BUS-1 BUS-2
T/F-1
3-CT
P1
P2
3 3 3
3
3
CORES
1 2 3 4 5
2-CT P1 P2
METERING METERING
3
3
3
3
1
2
3
1-CVT
3
3
3
3
3
C
O
R
E
S
1
2
3
4
5
3T-CT
P1
P2
T
E
E
D
T
E
E
D
- -
2

P
R
O
T

(
B
A
Y
1
&
2
)
2

P
R
O
T

(
B
A
Y
1
&
2
)
T
E
E
D
T
E
E
D
- -
1

P
R
O
T

(
B
A
Y
1
&
2
)
1

P
R
O
T

(
B
A
Y
1
&
2
)
T
E
E
D
T
E
E
D
- -
2

P
R
O
T

(
B
A
Y
2
&
3
)
2

P
R
O
T

(
B
A
Y
2
&
3
)
T
E
E
D
T
E
E
D
- -
1

P
R
O
T

(
B
A
Y
2
&
3
)
1

P
R
O
T

(
B
A
Y
2
&
3
)
.
B
U
S

B
A
R

P
R
O
T
E
C
T
I
O
N
B
U
S

B
A
R

P
R
O
T
E
C
T
I
O
N
B
U
S
B
A
R

C
H
E
C
K
U
P

P
R
O
T
B
U
S
B
A
R

C
H
E
C
K
U
P

P
R
O
T
3
3
3
3
3
C
O
R
E
S
1
2
3
4
5
.
33
3
3
1 2 3
33
3
3
3 2 1
LV CT
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
(GIS or AIS with DEAD TANK CBs)
(GIS or AIS with DEAD TANK CBs)
1B
1B
-
-
CT
CT
1A
1A
-
-
CT
CT
2B
2B
-
-
CT
CT
2A
2A
-
-
CT
CT
3A
3A
-
-
CT
CT
3B
3B
-
-
CT
CT
CORE
CORE
-
-
1
1
(PS)
(PS)
BUSBAR BUSBAR- -1 1
2CTs SECONDARIES 2CTs SECONDARIES
ARE CONNECTED ARE CONNECTED
IN PARALLEL AND IN PARALLEL AND
ARE CONNECTED ARE CONNECTED
IN PARALLEL AND IN PARALLEL AND
BUSBAR BUSBAR- -2 2
CORE
CORE
-
-
2
2
(PS)
(PS)
BUSBAR BUSBAR- -1 1
CHECKUP CHECKUP
(SPARE) (SPARE)
ARE CONNECTED IN ARE CONNECTED IN
PARALLEL AND PARALLEL AND
BACKUP PROTECTION BACKUP PROTECTION
BUSBAR BUSBAR- -2 2
CHECKUP CHECKUP
(SPARE) (SPARE)
CORE
CORE
-
-
3
3
(0.5/0.2)
(0.5/0.2)
SPARE SPARE 2CTs SECONDARIES 2CTs SECONDARIES
PANEL METERS & PANEL METERS &
ENERGY METER ENERGY METER
PANEL METERS & PANEL METERS &
ENERGY METER ENERGY METER
SPARE SPARE
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
1
1
-
-
CT
CT
1L
1L
-
-
CT
CT
2A
2A
-
-
CT
CT
2B
2B
-
-
CT
CT
3T
3T
-
-
CT
CT
3
3
-
-
CT
CT
CORE
CORE
-
-
1
1
(PS)
(PS)
BUSBAR BUSBAR- -1 1
(BAY 1&2) (BAY 1&2)
SPARE SPARE
SPARE SPARE
(BAY 1&2) (BAY 1&2)
(2 (2- -52) 52)
(BAY 1&2) (BAY 1&2)
BUSBAR BUSBAR- -2 2
CORE
CORE
-
-
2
2
(PS)
(PS)
BUSBAR BUSBAR- -1 1
CHECKUP CHECKUP
(SPARE) (SPARE)
(BAY 1&2) (BAY 1&2)
SPARE SPARE
(BAY 2&3) (BAY 2&3)
(BAY 2&3) (BAY 2&3)
ENERGY ENERGY
METER METER
BACKUP BACKUP
BUSBAR BUSBAR- -2 2
CHECKUP CHECKUP
(SPARE) (SPARE)
CORE
CORE
-
-
3
3
(0.5/0.2)
(0.5/0.2)
SPARE SPARE METERING & METERING &
ENERGY ENERGY
METER METER
MAIN MAIN
CORE
CORE
-
-
4
4
(PS)
(PS)
(BAY 1&2) (BAY 1&2)
(1 (1- -52) 52)
MAIN MAIN- -2 2
(BAY 2&3) (BAY 2&3)
(BAY 2&3) (BAY 2&3)
(3 (3- -52) 52)
CORE
CORE
-
-
5
5
(PS)
(PS)
(BAY 1&2) (BAY 1&2)
MAIN MAIN- -1 1
(BAY 2&3) (BAY 2&3)
(BAY 2&3) (BAY 2&3)
COMPARISION BETWEEN
COMPARISION BETWEEN
4CT METHOD & 5CT METHOD
4CT METHOD & 5CT METHOD
CT PURPOSE
CT PURPOSE
5 CT METHOD
5 CT METHOD
4 CT METHOD
4 CT METHOD
BUSBAR &
BUSBAR CHECKUP
PROTECTION
1 CT FOR BUS 1 CT FOR BUS- -1 & 1 &
3 CT FOR BUS 3 CT FOR BUS- -2 2
1 CT FOR BUS 1 CT FOR BUS- -1 & 1 &
3 CT FOR BUS 3 CT FOR BUS- -2 2
MAIN-1, MAIN-2
PROTECTION &
METERING
1L CT FOR FEEDER 1L CT FOR FEEDER- -1 & 1 &
3L CT FOR FEEDER 3L CT FOR FEEDER- -2 2
1 CT & 2B CT SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED 1 CT & 2B CT SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED
PARALLEL FOR FEEDER PARALLEL FOR FEEDER- -1 & 1 &
3 CT & 2A CT SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED 3 CT & 2A CT SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED
PARALLEL FOR FEEDER PARALLEL FOR FEEDER- -2 2
ADDITIONAL
PROTECTION
TEED TEED- -1 PROTECTION (HIGH Z) 1 PROTECTION (HIGH Z)
(1 CT, 1L CT & 2 CT FOR FEEDER (1 CT, 1L CT & 2 CT FOR FEEDER- -1 & 1 &
3 CT, 3L CT & 2 CT FOR FEEDER 3 CT, 3L CT & 2 CT FOR FEEDER- -2) 2)
TEED TEED- -2 PROTECTION (LOW Z) 2 PROTECTION (LOW Z)
(1 CT, 1L CT & 2 CT FOR FEEDER (1 CT, 1L CT & 2 CT FOR FEEDER- -1 & 1 &
3 CT, 3L CT & 2 CT FOR FEEDER 3 CT, 3L CT & 2 CT FOR FEEDER- -2) 2)
STUB STUB- -1 PROTECTION 1 PROTECTION
( MAI N ( MAI N- -1 DI STANCE SCHEME I S CONVERTED 1 DI STANCE SCHEME I S CONVERTED
TO STUB TO STUB- -1 WHEN LI NE I SOLATOR OPENS) 1 WHEN LI NE I SOLATOR OPENS)
STUB STUB- -2 PROTECTION 2 PROTECTION
( MAI N ( MAI N- -2 DI STANCE SCHEME I S CONVERTED 2 DI STANCE SCHEME I S CONVERTED
TO STUB TO STUB- -2 WHEN LI NE I SOLATOR OPENS) 2 WHEN LI NE I SOLATOR OPENS)
OTHER
INFORMATION
TEED PROTECTION TEED PROTECTION
( THE 3NOs CTs ARE CONEECTED IN TEE SHAPE ( THE 3NOs CTs ARE CONEECTED IN TEE SHAPE
AND CONNECTED TO DIFFERENTIAL RELAY SO AND CONNECTED TO DIFFERENTIAL RELAY SO
IT IS CALLED TEED PROTECTION). IT IS CALLED TEED PROTECTION).
TEED TEED- -1 1 IS CONNECTED ON SUMMATION OF 3 TEE IS CONNECTED ON SUMMATION OF 3 TEE
SHAPED CTs & CONNECTED TO 3 SHAPED CTs & CONNECTED TO 3- -PH HIGH PH HIGH
IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY . IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY .
TEED TEED- -2 2 IS CONNECTED TO 3 WINDING LOW IS CONNECTED TO 3 WINDING LOW
IMPEDENCE BIASED DIFFERENTIAL RELAY OF IMPEDENCE BIASED DIFFERENTIAL RELAY OF
3 TEE SHAPED CTs. 3 TEE SHAPED CTs.
( TEED PROTECTION WILL BE USED TO COVER ( TEED PROTECTION WILL BE USED TO COVER
BLIND AREA BETWEEN TEE SHAPED CTs BLIND AREA BETWEEN TEE SHAPED CTs
CONNECTED IN DIFF PROTECTION) CONNECTED IN DIFF PROTECTION)
STUB PROTECTION STUB PROTECTION
( THERE IS NO UNCOVERED BLIND ZONE ) (WHEN ( THERE IS NO UNCOVERED BLIND ZONE ) (WHEN
EVER LINE ISOLATOR OPENS MAIN EVER LINE ISOLATOR OPENS MAIN- -1 & MAIN 1 & MAIN- -2 2
WILL BE CONVERTED TO STUB/ BUS OVER LOAD WILL BE CONVERTED TO STUB/ BUS OVER LOAD
RELAYS. STUB MEANS DEAD END) RELAYS. STUB MEANS DEAD END)
( STUB IS INBUILT FEATURE IN ADVANCED ( STUB IS INBUILT FEATURE IN ADVANCED
NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME RELAYS) NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME RELAYS)
INFORMATION REGARDING
INFORMATION REGARDING
6CT METHOD
6CT METHOD
THE LOCATION OF THE CTs ON BOTH SIDES OF THE CIRCUIT
BREAKERS IS TYPICAL FOR SUBSTATIONS WITH DEAD-TANK
CIRCUIT BREAKERS or GIS CIRCUIT BREAKERS.
LIVE-TANK CIRCUIT BREAKERS MAY HAVE CTs ONLY ON ONE
SIDE TO REDUCE COST.
A FAULT BETWEEN CIRCUIT BREAKERS AND CT(END FAULT) MAY
THEN STILL BE FED FROM ONE SIDE EVEN WHEN THE BREAKER
HAS BEEN OPENED.
CONSEQUENTLY, FINAL FAULT CLEARING BY CASCADED
TRIPPING HAS TO BE ACCEPTED IN THIS CASE.
STUB PROTECTION RELAY PROVIDED IN CASE OF LINE ISOLATOR
OPENS.
1B-CT FOR BUSBAR-1 AND 3B-CT FOR BUSBAR-2 FOR BUSBAR
PROTECTION & BUSBAR CHECKUP PROTECTION.
1A-CT & 2B-CT SECONDARIES ARE PARALLED AND CONNECTED
TO MAIN-1 PROTECTION, MAIN-2 PROTECTION AFTER LBB/BFR
AND METERING.
ONE & HALF BREAKER ( 6 CT METHOD) WITH PROTECTION SCHEME ONE & HALF BREAKER ( 6 CT METHOD) WITH PROTECTION SCHEME
TYPICAL ONE & HALF BREAKER
TYPICAL ONE & HALF BREAKER
SYSTEM ADOPTED IN GIS
SYSTEM ADOPTED IN GIS
DS : DISCONNECTOR SWITCH, GS: GROUNDING SWITCH, CT: CURRENT TRANSFORMER, VD: VOLTAGE DIVIDER
400KV C.T. INFORMATION
400KV C.T. INFORMATION
3
3
U
3
U
3
U
3
1S1
1S2
1S3
2S1
2S2
2S3
3
S
1
3
S
2
3
S
3
3
S
4
5S1
5S2
5S3
5S4
4S1
4S2
4S3
4S4
P1 P2
P1 P2
3
1
S
1
1
S
2 1
S
3
3
2
S
1
2
S
2
2
S
3
3
U
3
S
1
3
S
2
3
S
3
3
S
4
3
U
5
S
1
5
S
2
5
S
3
5
S
4
3
U
4S1
4S2
4S3
4S4
EYE BOLT EYE BOLT
DESIGN DESIGN
HAIR HAIR
PIN / PIN /
U SHAPE U SHAPE
DESIGN DESIGN
DEAD TANK DESIGN
DEAD TANK DESIGN
PRIMARY CONNECTIONS : P1 PRIMARY CONNECTIONS : P1 P2 P2
CURRENT RATING : 2000 AMPS CURRENT RATING : 2000 AMPS
SECONDARY CONNECTIONS SECONDARY CONNECTIONS
CURRENT RATING : 1A CURRENT RATING : 1A
CORES CORES CLASS CLASS PURPOSE PURPOSE
2000/ 1A 2000/ 1A 1000/ 1A 1000/ 1A 500/ 1A 500/ 1A
CORE CORE- -1 1 PS PS
BUSBAR BUSBAR
1S1 1S1 1S3 1S3
1S2 1S2 1S3 1S3
1S1 1S1 1S2 1S2
__ __
BUSBAR BUSBAR
CHECKUP CHECKUP
2S1 2S1 2S3 2S3
2S2 2S2 2S3 2S3
2S1 2S1 2S2 2S2
__ __
CORE CORE- -3 3 0.5 / 0.2 0.5 / 0.2 METERING METERING 3S1 3S1 3S4 3S4
3S2 3S2 3S4 3S4
3S1 3S1 3S2 3S2
3S3 3S3 3S4 3S4
3S2 3S2 3S3 3S3
MAIN MAIN- -2 2
4S1 4S1 4S4 4S4
4S2 4S2 4S4 4S4
4S1 4S1 4S2 4S2
4S3 4S3 4S4 4S4
4S2 4S2 4S3 4S3
MAIN MAIN- -1 1
5S1 5S1 5S4 5S4
5S2 5S2 5S4 5S4
5S1 5S1 5S2 5S2
5S3 5S3 5S4 5S4
5S2 5S2 5S3 5S3
CT LOAD FLOW DIAGRAMS WHEN
1
1
-
-
52 CB OPEN
52 CB OPEN
1-52CB 3-52CB
3
2-52CB
P1 P2
0A
S2
S4
0A
2000-1000-500/1A
3
P2 P1
1000A
S4
S2
1.0A
2000-1000-500/1A
3
P1 P2
1000A
S3
S4
2.0A
2000-1000-500/1A
3
P2 P1
1500A
S4
S3
3.0A
2000-1000-500/1A
1-CT
2-ACT 2-BCT 3-CT
LINE AT/F
1000A
500A
MAIN MAIN- -1/ 1/
MAIN MAIN- -2/ 2/
METER METER
FOR FOR
LINE LINE
MAIN MAIN- -1/ 1/
MAIN MAIN- -2/ 2/
METER METER
FOR FOR
AT/F AT/F
0A
0A
1.0A
1.0A
3.0A
3.0A
2.0A
2.0A
2.0A
1.0A 1.0A
1.0A
1.0A
2
2
-
-
52 CB OPEN
52 CB OPEN
1-52CB 3-52CB
3
2-52CB
P1 P2
1000A
S2
S4
1.0A
2000-1000-500/1A
3
P2 P1
0A
S4
S2
0A
2000-1000-500/1A
3
P1 P2
0A
S3
S4
0A
2000-1000-500/1A
3
P2 P1
500A
S4
S3
1.0A
2000-1000-500/1A
1-CT
2-ACT 2-BCT 3-CT
LINE AT/F
1000A
500A
MAIN MAIN- -1/ 1/
MAIN MAIN- -2/ 2/
METER METER
FOR FOR
LINE LINE
MAIN MAIN- -1/ 1/
MAIN MAIN- -2/ 2/
METER METER
FOR FOR
AT/F AT/F
1.0A
1.0A
1.0A
1.0A
1.0A
1.0A
0A
0A
0A
0A 0A
0A
0A
3
3
-
-
52 CB OPEN
52 CB OPEN
1-52CB 3-52CB
3
2-52CB
P1 P2
1500A
S2
S4
1.5A
2000-1000-500/1A
3
P2 P1
500A
S4
S2
0.5A
2000-1000-500/1A
3
P1 P2
500A
S3
S4
1.0A
2000-1000-500/1A
3
P2 P1
0A
S4
S3
0A
2000-1000-500/1A
1-CT
2-ACT 2-BCT 3-CT
LINE AT/F
1000A
500A
MAIN MAIN- -1/ 1/
MAIN MAIN- -2/ 2/
METER METER
FOR FOR
LINE LINE
MAIN MAIN- -1/ 1/
MAIN MAIN- -2/ 2/
METER METER
FOR FOR
AT/F AT/F
1.5A
1.5A
1.0A
1.0A
0A
0A
1.0A
1.0A
1.0A
0.5A 0.5A
0.5A
0.5A
MAIN
MAIN
-
-
1, MAIN
1, MAIN
-
-
2
2
PROTECTION &
PROTECTION &
METERING
METERING
FOR LINE
FOR LINE
ADOPTED IN
ADOPTED IN
ONE AND HALF
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
SCHEME
PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
NORMS OF PROTECTION FOLLOWED IN APTRANSCO
FOR TRANSMISIION LINES & DISTRIBUTION LINES ( FEEDER / LINE PROT FOR TRANSMISIION LINES & DISTRIBUTION LINES ( FEEDER / LINE PROTECTION ) ECTION )
Sr.No
Sr.No
VOLTAGE
VOLTAGE
MAIN
MAIN
-
-
1 PROTECTION
1 PROTECTION
MAIN MAIN- -2 PROTECTION/ BACKUP PROTECTION 2 PROTECTION/ BACKUP PROTECTION
1. 1.
11 KV LINES
11 KV LINES
2 O/L + E/F ( 51 + 51N ) 2 O/L + E/F ( 51 + 51N ) - -
2. 2.
33 KV LINES
33 KV LINES
3 O/L + E/F ( 51 + 51N ) 3 O/L + E/F ( 51 + 51N ) - -
3. 3.
66 KV LINES
66 KV LINES
4. 4.
132 KV LINES
132 KV LINES
SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME OR OR
NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P+ 21N) NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P+ 21N)
3 O/L + E/F 3 O/L + E/F
( 50 + 50N + 51 + 51N + 67 + 67N ) ( 50 + 50N + 51 + 51N + 67 + 67N )
5. 5.
220 KV LINES
220 KV LINES
NON SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME NON SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME OR OR
NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P + 21N) NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P + 21N)
SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME OR OR
NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P+ 21N) NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P+ 21N)
6. 6.
400 KV LINES
400 KV LINES
IF MAIN IF MAIN- -1 & MAIN 1 & MAIN- -2 ARE NUMERICAL RELAYS BOTH SHOULD BE SEPARATE 2 ARE NUMERICAL RELAYS BOTH SHOULD BE SEPARATE
CHARECTERESTICS, MODELS AND ALGORITHAMS (SHOULD NOT BE DUPLICATE CHARECTERESTICS, MODELS AND ALGORITHAMS (SHOULD NOT BE DUPLICATED) AND D) AND
ALL FEATURES SHOULD BE AVAILABLE IN BOTH SCHEMES AND BOTH RELAYS ALL FEATURES SHOULD BE AVAILABLE IN BOTH SCHEMES AND BOTH RELAYS SHOULD SHOULD
BE 100% REDENDENCY IN ALL ASPECTS. BE 100% REDENDENCY IN ALL ASPECTS.
ZONE ZONE- -1: 80% OF MAIN LINE 1: 80% OF MAIN LINE
ZONE ZONE- -2: 100% OF MAIN LINE + 50% OF SHORTEST LINE AT OTHER END 2: 100% OF MAIN LINE + 50% OF SHORTEST LINE AT OTHER END
ZONE ZONE- -3: 100% OF MAIN LINE + 100% OF SHORTEST LINE AT OTHER END 3: 100% OF MAIN LINE + 100% OF SHORTEST LINE AT OTHER END
ZONE ZONE- -4: 100% OF MAIN LINE + (100% OF SHORTEST LINE + 20% OF LONGEST L 4: 100% OF MAIN LINE + (100% OF SHORTEST LINE + 20% OF LONGEST LINE) INE)
AT OTHER END. AT OTHER END.
MAIN
MAIN
-
-
1 PROTECTION FOR LINE
(4CT METHOD) (4CT METHOD)
C
E
DISPLAY
ACTIVE START TRIP
REL 521 REL 521
333
333
IR5 / A511
IY5 / A531
IB5 / A551
IN5 / A571
1-CT
CORE-5
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
2-BCT
CORE-5
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
5S4 5S4 5S4
5S2 5S2
5S2
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
CT MB
P2 P2 P2
5S4 5S4 5S4
5S2 5S2 5S2
VR11 / E111
VY11 / E131
VB11 / E151
VN11 / E171
1-CVT
CORE 1
200VA
CLASS: 3P
MAIN
MAIN
-
-
(4CT METHOD) (NEW DEVELOPMENT) (4CT METHOD) (NEW DEVELOPMENT)
333
333
IR5 / A511
IY5 / A531
IB5 / A551
IN5 / A571
1-CT
CORE-5
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
2-BCT
CORE-5
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
5S4 5S4 5S4
5S2 5S2
5S2
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
CT MB
P2 P2 P2
5S4 5S4 5S4
5S2 5S2 5S2
VR11 / E111
VY11 / E131
VB11 / E151
VN11 / E171
1-CVT
CORE 1
200VA
CLASS: 3P
IA =250.10 A
IB =250.10 A
IC =250.10 A
VAB =400.0 KV
VBC =400.0 KV
VCA =400.0 KV
ESC ENT
ENABLED
TRIP
TARGET
RESET
INST
TIME
COMM
SOTF
ZONE1
ZONE2
ZONE3
ZONE4
PH-A
PH-B
PH-C
GND
50
51
79 RESET
79 LOCKOUT
SEL- 421
PROTECTION
AUTOMATION
CONTROL
SEL
IR5 / A511
IY5 / A531
IB5 / A551
IN5 / A571
MAIN
MAIN
-
-
C
E
DISPLAY
ACTIVE START TRIP
REL 521 REL 521
333
IR5 / A511
IY5 / A531
IB5 / A551
IN5 / A571
1-LCT
CORE-5
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
5S4 5S4 5S4
5S2 5S2
5S2
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
VR11 / E111
VY11 / E131
VB11 / E151
VN11 / E171
1-CVT
CORE 1
200VA
CLASS: 3P
MAIN
MAIN
-
-
C
E
DISPLAY
ACTIVE START TRIP
REL 316 REL 316
333
333
IR4 / C411
IY4 / C431
IB4 / C451
IN4 / C471
1-CT
CORE-4
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
2-BCT
CORE-4
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
4S4 4S4 4S4
4S2 4S2
4S2
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
CT MB
P2 P2 P2
4S4 4S4 4S4
4S2 4S2 4S2
VR21 / E211
VY21 / E231
VB21 / E251
VN21 / E271
1-CVT
CORE 2
200VA
CLASS: 3P
LBB / BFR
RAICA
LBB / BFR
RAICA
50ZT
50Z
MAIN
MAIN
-
-
(4CT METHOD) ( NEW DEVELOPMENT) (4CT METHOD) ( NEW DEVELOPMENT)
333
333
IR4 / C411
IY4 / C431
IB4 / C451
IN4 / C471
1-CT
CORE-4
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
2-BCT
CORE-4
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
4S4 4S4 4S4
4S2 4S2
4S2
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
CT MB
P2 P2 P2
4S4 4S4 4S4
4S2 4S2 4S2
VR21 / E211
VY21 / E231
VB21 / E251
VN21 / E271
1-CVT
CORE 2
200VA
CLASS: 3P
IR4 / C411
IY4 / C431
IB4 / C451
IN4 / C471
MULTI FUNCTION NUMERICAL RELAY FOR
MULTI FUNCTION NUMERICAL RELAY FOR
MULTI BREAKER, MULTI CT & CVT/PT APPLICATION
MULTI BREAKER, MULTI CT & CVT/PT APPLICATION
(NEW APPLICATION) (ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM or RING BUS SYSTEM) (NEW APPLICATION) (ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM or RING BUS SYSTEM)
1-52 CB 2-52 CB 3-52 CB
33
LINE
1-52,2-52: MAIN & TIE CIRCUIT BREAKER
21P: PHASE DISTANCE PROTECTION
21G: GROUND DISTANCE PROTECTION
27: UNDER VOLTAGE RELAY
67: DIRECTIONAL RELAY
50: INST OVER CURRENT RELAY
51: TIME OVER CURRENT RELAY
59: OVER VOLTAGE RELAY
64: EARTH FAULT RELAY
50BF-1: LBB/BFR OF MAIN CB
50BF-2: LBB/BFR OF TIE CB
79-1,2: AUTO RECLOSURE RELAY OF
MAIN & TIE CB
25-1,2: CHECK SYNCHRONISAM RELAY
FOR MAIN & TIE CB
67
50 BF-1 50 BF-2
21G
79-1 79-2
21P
25-1 25-2
50 51 27 59
3
3
3
3
3
3
BUS-1 PT
BUS-2 PT
LINE CVT
MAIN
MAIN
-
-
C
E
DISPLAY
ACTIVE START TRIP
REL 316 REL 316
333
IR4 / C411
IY4 / C431
IB4 / C451
IN4 / C471
1-LCT
CORE-4
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
4S4 4S4 4S4
4S2 4S2
4S2
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
VR21 / E211
VY21 / E231
VB21 / E251
VN21 / E271
1-CVT
CORE 2
200VA
CLASS: 3P
MULTI FUNCTION PANEL METERING & ENERGY METER
333
333
IR3 / D311
IY3 / D331
IB3 / D351
IN3 / D371
1-CT
CORE-3
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: 0.5
2-BCT
CORE-3
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: 0.5
3S4 3S4 3S4
3S2 3S2
3S2
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
CT MB
3S4 3S4 3S4
3S2 3S2 3S2
VR31 / E311
VY31 / E331
VB31 / E351
VN31 / E371
1-CVT
CORE 3
100VA
CLASS: 0.5
P2 P2 P2
LD/G MVAR
+ MWATTS
KVOLTS
AMPS
PANEL METER
333
IR3 / D311
IY3 / D331
IB3 / D351
IN3 / D371
1-LCT
CORE-3
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: 0.5/0.2
3S4 3S4 3S4
3S2 3S2
3S2
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
VR31 / E311
VY31 / E331
VB31 / E351
VN31 / E371
1-CVT
CORE 3
100VA
CLASS: 0.5/0.2
LD/G MVAR
+ MWATTS
KVOLTS
AMPS
PANEL METER
BUSBAR
BUSBAR
PROTECTION
PROTECTION
SCHEMES
SCHEMES
ADOPTED IN
ADOPTED IN
ONE AND HALF
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
SCHEME
PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
BASICS OF BUSBAR PROTECTION
BASICS OF BUSBAR PROTECTION
NEED FOR BUSBAR PROTECTION NEED FOR BUSBAR PROTECTION
IN ITS ABSENCE FAULT CLEARING TAKES PLACE IN ZONE-2 OF DISTANCE
RELAY BY REMOTE END TRIPPING.
THIS MEANS SLOW AND UNSELECTIVE TRIPPING AND WIDE SPREAD
BLACKOUT.
EFFECT OF DELAYED CLEARENCE EFFECT OF DELAYED CLEARENCE
GREATER DAMAGE AT FAULT POINT.
INDIRECT SHOCK TO CONNECTED EQUIPMENT LIKE SHAFTS OF
GENERATOR AND WINDINGS OF TRANSFORMER.
BASIC THEORY BASIC THEORY
KIRCHOFFs CURRENT LAW STATES THAT THE SUM OF THE CURRENTS
ENTERING A GIVEN NODE MUST BE EQUAL TO THE CURRENTS LEAVING AT THAT
NODE.
BUS BAR PROTECTION SYSTEMS BUS BAR PROTECTION SYSTEMS
LOW IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
THE MOST SUITABLE PROTECTION SCHEME FOR DOUBLE AND MULTIPLE
BUSBAR SYSTEMS (WITH OR WITHOUT TRANSFER BUS) WITH FEEDERS BEING
SWITCHED BETWEEN SECTIONS OF BUSBAR, WHICH OPERATES WITH FULL
SELECTIVITY FOR ALL POSSIBLE BUSBAR CONFIGUARATIONS.
HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENCIAL PROTECTION
THE HIGH IMPEDENCE PROTECTION SCHEME, ON THE OTHER HAND, IS A
GOOD SOLUTION FOR SINGLE BUSBAR ARRANGEMENTS , ONE & HALF BREAKER
SYSTEMS OR RING BUSBARS, PROVIDING THAT APPROPRIATE DEDICATED CT
CORES ARE AVAILABLE FOR THIS USE ALONE.
HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENCIAL PROTECTION
SENSTIVE, STABLE & FAST PROTECTION FOR SINGLE BUSBAR
ARRANGEMENTS AND ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEMS. THE SYSTEM HAS LIMITS
WHEN USED IN COMPLEX BUSBAR CONFIGUARATIONS.
HOWEVER, SPECIAL CT REQUIREMENTS, ADDITIONAL HIGH VOLTAGE
DEVICE PROTECTION, DEMANDING MAINTANENCE ETC PUT RESTRICTIONS IN ITS
APPLICATIONS.
LIMITATIONS OF CONVENTIONAL HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
PUTS STRINGENT REQUIREMENTS ON CTs.
NEED FOR DEDICATED CT CORES.
IDENTICAL CT RATIO, MAGNETISING IMPEDENCE.
AUX CTs RATIO CORRECTIONS UNACCEPTABLE.
IN ABILITY TO COPE WITH INCREASING FAULT CURRENT.
SLOW RESPONSE.
BASIC OPERATING TIME EXCLUDING RELAY TIME IS 15 20ms.
THIS RELAY REQUIRES CHECK ZONE FEATURE. THE TRIP COMMAND IS
ONLY GIVEN WHEN BOTH A DISCRIMINATING & CHECK ZONE SYSTEM OPERATES.
LOW IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
LOW IMPEDENCE PROTECTION(PERCENTAGE BIASED BUS DIFFERENTIAL
RELAY) IS PREFARABLE FOR THE PROTECTION OF DOUBLE AND MULTIPLE BUSBAR
SYSTEMS.
ADVANTAGES
FREE OF ANY NEED FOR MATCHED CT CHARACTERESTICS OR RATIOs,
LOW LEAKAGE REACTANCE OR RESISTANCE.
OTHER PROTECTIVE RELAYS CAN BE INCLUDED IN THE SAME CIRCUIT.
STABLE FOR INFINITE FAULT LEVELS. INSENSITIVE TO CT SATURATION.
DETECTS FAULTS WITHIN 1 2ms & INITIATES TRIPPING WITHIN 5 7ms.
BASICS OF BUS BAR PROTECTION
BASICS OF BUS BAR PROTECTION
BASIC THEORY
EXTERNAL FAULT
KIRCHOFFs CURENT LAW STATES THAT THE SUM OF THE CURRENTS ENTERING A GIVEN NODE MUST BE EQUAL
TO THE CURRENTS LEAVING THAT NODE
I6
I4
I2
I5
I3
I1
IF
IF= I6= I1+I2+I3+I4+I5
INTERNAL FAULT
I6
I4
I2
I5
I3
I1
IF
IF= I1+I2+I3+I4+I5+I6
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BUSBAR SCHEMES
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BUSBAR SCHEMES
DETAILS
DETAILS
HIGH IMPEDENCE BUSBAR HIGH IMPEDENCE BUSBAR
PERCENTAGE BIASED LOW PERCENTAGE BIASED LOW
IMPEDENCE BUS BAR IMPEDENCE BUS BAR
PRINCIPLE
THE CURRENTS ENTERING AND LEAVING THE
BUSBAR ARE COMPARED CONTINUOSLY. IT
INVOLVES CHOOSING OF IMPEDENCE HIGH
ENOUGH STABLISE THE RELAY FOR HEAVY
EXTERNAL FAULTS
IT HAS DIFFERENTIAL AND BIAS SETTING. THE
RESULTANT BIAS IS PROPOTIONAL TO
ARITHMATIC SUM OF ALL CURRENTS, WHEREAS
THE OPERATING CURRENT IS VECTOR SUM OF
ALL CIRCUIT CURRENTS.
CTs
IT REQUIRES ALL IDENTICAL CT RATIOs & TURNS
RATIO. LOW RESISTANCE OF SECONDARY WINDING
MINIMUM KNEE POINT VOLTAGE OF 300-500V.
LOW MAGNETISING CURRENT(FEW MILLIAMPS).
IT CAN WORK WITH CTs OF UNEQUAL RATIOS
ALSO. FREE OF ANY NEED OF MATCHED CT
CHARACTERESTIC OR RATIOs LOW LEAKAGE
REACTANCE OR RESISTANCE. OTHER
PROTECTIVE RELAYS CAN BE INCLUDED IN THE
SAME CIRCUIT.
BURDEN
IMPOSES COMPARATIVELY HIGH BURDEN ON CTs.
AUXILIARY CTs REDUCE THE PERFORMANCE OF
THE SCHEME
IMPOSES LESS BURDEN ON CTs. AUXILIARY CTs
HAVE NO EFFECT ON PERFORMANCE OF
SCHEME.
CT SATURATION
OPERATION OF SCHEME EVEN WHEN CTs GET
SATURATED DURING INTERNAL FAULTS.
OPERATION OF SCHEME EVEN WHEN CTs GET
SATURATED DURING INTERNAL FAULTS.
INSENSITIVE TO CT SATURATION.
UTILISATION
IT IS GOOD SOLUTION FOR SINGLE BUSBAR
ARRANGEMENTS, ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEMS
OR RING BUSBAR SYSTEMS.
MOST SUITABLE FOR DOUBLE AND MULTIPLE
BUSBAR SYSTEMS ( WITH OR WITHOUT
TRANSFER BUS).
OPERATING
TIME
BASIC OPERATING TIME EXCLUDING RELAY TIME
IS 15 20 Ms.
DETECTS FAULTS WITH IN 1 2 Ms AND INITIATES
TRIPPING WITH IN 5-7mS.
STABILITY
INABILITY TO COPE WITH INCREASING FAULT
CURRENT
STABLE FOR INFINITE FAULT LEVEL.
PERFORMANCE
HIGHLY SENSITIVE FOR INTERNAL FAULTS AND
COMPLETELY STABLE FOR EXTERNAL FAULTS.
HIGHLY SENSITIVE FOR INTERNAL FAULTS AND
COMPLETELY STABLE FOR EXTERNAL FAULTS.
ADDITIONAL
PROTECTION
THIS RELAY REQUIRES CHECK ZONE FEATURE.
THE TRIP COMMAND IS ONLY GIVEN WHEN BOTH
A DISCRIMINATING & CHECK ZONE SYSTEM
OPERATES.
THIS RELAY HAS IN BUILT CHECK ZONE
FEATURE (NO SEPARATE CHECKZONE FEATURE)
i.e OVER CURRENT STARTING RELAY PROVIDED.
BUS BAR PROTECTION
BUS BAR PROTECTION
(4CT & 5CT METHOD) (4CT & 5CT METHOD)
C
E
DISPLAY
ACTIVE START TRIP
REB 521 REB 521
333
333
IR1 / B111
IY1 / B131
IB1 / B151
IN1 / B171
1-CT
CORE-1
CTR: 2000-1000/1A
CLASS: PS
3-CT
CORE-1
CTR: 2000-1000/1A
CLASS: PS
1S3 1S3 1S3
1S1 1S1
1S1
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
CT MB
P2 P2 P2
1S3 1S3 1S3
1S1 1S1 1S1
C
E
DISPLAY
ACTIVE START TRIP
REB 316 REB 316
BUS BAR
PROTECTION
FOR
BUS-1
BUS BAR
PROTECTION
FOR
BUS-2
IR1 / B111
IY1 / B131
IB1 / B151
IN1 / B171
BUS BAR PROTECTION
BUS BAR PROTECTION
ABB RADSS BUS BAR
ABB RADSS BUS BAR
-
-
2 PROTECTION
2 PROTECTION
ABB RADSS BUS BAR
ABB RADSS BUS BAR
-
-
1 PROTECTION
1 PROTECTION
BUS-1
BUS-2
3
3
1CT
1-52CB
2-52CB
3-52CB
3CT
3
3
4CT
4-52CB
5-52CB
6-52CB
6CT
3
3
7CT
7-52CB
8-52CB
9-52CB
9CT
3
3
10CT
10-52CB
11-52CB
12-52CB
12CT
3
3
13CT
13-52CB
14-52CB
15-52CB
15CT
3
3
16CT
16-52CB
17-52CB
18-52CB
18CT
BUSBAR
BUSBAR
-
-
1 PROTECTION TRIPPING SCHEME
C
E
DISPLAY
ACTIVE START TRIP
REB 521
REB 521
HIGH SPEED HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY TRIP RELAY
FOR FOR
1 1- -52 CB 52 CB
TO CLOSE CKT INTERLOCK
TO BLOCK A/R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
DIRECT TRIP SEND CH-1
TO DISTURBENCE RECORDER
1 1- -52 CB PANEL 52 CB PANEL
TO BLOCK A/R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
TO BLOCK A/R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
TO BLOCK A/R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
10 10- -52CB PANEL 52CB PANEL
TO BLOCK A/R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
TO BLOCK A/R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
FOR FOR
4 4- -52 CB 52 CB
FOR FOR
7 7- -52 CB 52 CB
FOR FOR
10 10- -52 CB 52 CB
FOR FOR
13 13- -52 CB 52 CB
FOR FOR
16 16- -52 CB 52 CB
TRIP FROM 50 LBB
TO START 50 LBB
TRIP FROM 50 LBB
TO START 50 LBB
TRIP FROM 50 LBB
TO START 50 LBB
TRIP FROM 50 LBB
TO START 50 LBB
TRIP FROM 50 LBB
TO START 50 LBB
TRIP FROM 50 LBB
TO START 50 LBB
+VE
BUSBAR PANEL
BUSBAR
BUSBAR
-
-
C
E
DISPLAY
ACTIVE START TRIP
REB 316
REB 316
FOR FOR
3 3- -52 CB 52 CB
TO BLOCK A/R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
TO BLOCK A/R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
TO BLOCK A/R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
TO BLOCK A/R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
12 12- -52CB PANEL 52CB PANEL
TO BLOCK A/R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
TO BLOCK A/R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
FOR FOR
6 6- -52 CB 52 CB
FOR FOR
9 9- -52 CB 52 CB
FOR FOR
12 12- -52 CB 52 CB
FOR FOR
15 15- -52 CB 52 CB
FOR FOR
18 18- -52 CB 52 CB
TRIP FROM 50 LBB
TO START 50 LBB
TRIP FROM 50 LBB
TO START 50 LBB
TRIP FROM 50 LBB
TO START 50 LBB
TRIP FROM 50 LBB
TO START 50 LBB
TRIP FROM 50 LBB
TO START 50 LBB
TRIP FROM 50 LBB
TO START 50 LBB
+VE
BUSBAR PANEL
MISCELENEOUS
MISCELENEOUS
RELAYS & PROTECTIONS
ADOPTED FOR LINE IN
ADOPTED FOR LINE IN
ONE AND HALF
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
SCHEME
(STUB, TEED, LBB/BFR AND AUTO
(STUB, TEED, LBB/BFR AND AUTO
RECLOSURE FUNCTIONS)
RECLOSURE FUNCTIONS)
PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
STUB
STUB
-
-
1/ STUB
1/ STUB
-
-
2 PROTECTION
2 PROTECTION
1-52CB 2-52CB 3-52CB
BUS-1
BUS-2 33
3 3
LINE-1
AT/F-1
STUB-1&2
(BAY 1&2)
WHEN A LINE IS SUPPLIED VIA TWO CIRCUIT BREAKERS IN A ONE & HALF WHEN A LINE IS SUPPLIED VIA TWO CIRCUIT BREAKERS IN A ONE & HALF CIRCUIT CIRCUIT
BREAKER ARRANGEMENT, THE LINE PROTECTION INCLUDES THE AREA BETWE BREAKER ARRANGEMENT, THE LINE PROTECTION INCLUDES THE AREA BETWEEN THE TWO EN THE TWO
CTs. HOWEVER, WHEN THE LINE ISOLATOR IS OPEN THE LINE CVTs F CTs. HOWEVER, WHEN THE LINE ISOLATOR IS OPEN THE LINE CVTs FOR THE DISTANCE OR THE DISTANCE
PROTECTION ARE CONNECTED TO THE LINE AND CANNOT PROVIDE THE COR PROTECTION ARE CONNECTED TO THE LINE AND CANNOT PROVIDE THE CORRECT RECT
VOLTAGE FOR THE STUB END.(i.e THE AREA BETWEEN THE LINE ISOLATO VOLTAGE FOR THE STUB END.(i.e THE AREA BETWEEN THE LINE ISOLATOR AND CTs) R AND CTs)
(STUB = DEAD END) (STUB = DEAD END)
TO PROVIDE PROTECTION FOR A FAULT IN THIS AREA, REL 521/ REL 316 TO PROVIDE PROTECTION FOR A FAULT IN THIS AREA, REL 521/ REL 316 IS IS
PROVIDED WITH A STUB PROTECTION WHICH GIVES AN BUS OVER CURRENT PROVIDED WITH A STUB PROTECTION WHICH GIVES AN BUS OVER CURRENT TRIP IF THE TRIP IF THE
LINE ISOLATOR IS OPEN AND THE CURRENT EXCEEDS THE SET VALUE IN LINE ISOLATOR IS OPEN AND THE CURRENT EXCEEDS THE SET VALUE IN ANY PHASE. ANY PHASE.
STUB
STUB
-
-
1 (BAY 1&2)
1 (BAY 1&2)
OPERATES OPERATES
IT OPERATES THE 3PH TRIP GR IT OPERATES THE 3PH TRIP GR- -A MAIN CB (1 A MAIN CB (1- -52CB) 52CB)
AND 3PH TRIP GR AND 3PH TRIP GR- -A TIE CB (2 A TIE CB (2- -52CB) 52CB)
STUB
STUB
-
-
2 (BAY 1&2)
2 (BAY 1&2)
OPERATES OPERATES
IT OPERATES THE 3PH TRIP GR IT OPERATES THE 3PH TRIP GR- -B MAIN CB (1 B MAIN CB (1- -52CB) 52CB)
AND 3PH TRIP GR AND 3PH TRIP GR- -B TIE CB (2 B TIE CB (2- -52CB) 52CB)
1-89L
REL 521 REL 521
REL 316 REL 316
DISTANCE RELAYS CONVERTED TO DISTANCE RELAYS CONVERTED TO
STUB/BUS OVER LOAD RELAYS STUB/BUS OVER LOAD RELAYS
WHEN LINE ISOLATOR OPENS WHEN LINE ISOLATOR OPENS
STUB PROTECTION TRIP SCHEME
STUB PROTECTION TRIP SCHEME
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-52CB
2-52CB
86 86- -A A
MTR/ MTR/
HSTR HSTR
ABB ABB
REL521 REL521
MAIN MAIN- -1 1
86 86- -B B
MTR/ MTR/
HSTR HSTR
86 86- -B B
MTR/ MTR/
HSTR HSTR
86 86- -A A
MTR/ MTR/
HSTR HSTR
ABB ABB
REL521 REL521
STUB STUB- -1 1
ABB ABB
REL316 REL316
STUB STUB- -2 2
TRIP COIL-1
TRIP COIL-1
LINE ISOLATOR OPENS THIS INTER LINE ISOLATOR OPENS THIS INTER
LOCK WILL INITIATE MAIN LOCK WILL INITIATE MAIN- -1 REL 521 1 REL 521
& CONVERTED STUB & CONVERTED STUB- -1 PROTECTION 1 PROTECTION
LINE ISOLATOR OPENS THIS INTER LINE ISOLATOR OPENS THIS INTER
LOCK WILL INITIATE MAIN LOCK WILL INITIATE MAIN- -2 REL 316 2 REL 316
& CONVERTED STUB & CONVERTED STUB- -2 PROTECTION 2 PROTECTION
TEED
TEED
-
-
1 PROTECTION
1 PROTECTION
{BAY1&2}(5CT METHOD) {BAY1&2}(5CT METHOD)
C
E
DISPLAY
ACTIVE START TRIP
RADHA RADHA
333
333
1-CT
CORE-5
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
1-LCT
CORE-1
CTR: 2000-1000/1A
CLASS: PS
P2 P2 P2
P1 P1 P1
333
2-CT
CORE-5
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
P1 P1 P1
P2 P2 P2
P1 P1 P1
P2 P2 P2
5S4 5S4 5S4
5S2 5S2
5S2
5S4 5S4 5S4
5S2 5S2
5S2
1S4 1S4 1S4
1S1 1S1 1S1
TEED-1 PROTECTION FOR BAY 2&3 IS
ALSO SAME AS ABOVE AND THE
FOLLOWING CTs & CORES ARE USED
3-CT(CORE-5), 2-CT(CORE-1) &
3-TCT(CORE-1) ARE STARRED AND
CONNECTED TO TEED-1 PROTECTION
IR5
IY5
IB5
IN5
IR5
IY5
IB5
IN5
IR1
IY1
IB1
IN1
TEED
TEED
-
-
2 PROTECTION
2 PROTECTION
{BAY1&2}(5CT METHOD) {BAY1&2}(5CT METHOD)
333
333
1-CT
CORE-4
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
1-LCT
CORE-2
CTR: 2000-1000/1A
CLASS: PS
4S4 4S4 4S4
4S2 4S2
4S2
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
CT MB P2 P2 P2
2S2 2S2 2S2
2S3 2S3 2S3
3 3 3
2-CT
CORE-4
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
4S2 4S2 4S2
4S4 4S4 4S4
P2 P2 P2
CT MB
C
E
DISPLAY
ACTIVE START TRIP
RADSB
RADSB
R
A
I
C
A
L
B
B
/
B
F
R
R
A
I
C
A
L
B
B
/
B
F
R
TEED-2 PROTECTION
FOR BAY 2&3 IS ALSO
SAME AS ABOVE AND
THE FOLLOWING CTs
& CORES ARE USED
3-CT(CORE-4),
2-CT(CORE-2) &
3-TCT(CORE-2) ARE
CONNECTED TO
TEED-2 PROTECTION
TEED
TEED
-
-
1/ TEED
1/ TEED
-
-
2 PROTECTION
2 PROTECTION
1-52CB 2-52CB 3-52CB
BUS-1
BUS-2
3
33
3
3
LINE-1 AT/F-1
TEED-1&2
(BAY 1&2)
TEED-1&2
(BAY 2&3)
TEED PROTECTION IS BASED ON KIRCHOFFS CURRENT LAW. THREE SETS O TEED PROTECTION IS BASED ON KIRCHOFFS CURRENT LAW. THREE SETS OF CTS F CTS
ARE CONNECTED IN STAR FASHION. SOME OF THE CURRENTS MUST BE ZER ARE CONNECTED IN STAR FASHION. SOME OF THE CURRENTS MUST BE ZERO. IF ANY O. IF ANY
UNBALANCE CURRENTS ARE NOTICED THEN IMMEDIATELY TEED PROTECTION UNBALANCE CURRENTS ARE NOTICED THEN IMMEDIATELY TEED PROTECTION
OPERATES. IF TEED PROTECTION BAY 1&2 OPERATED THEN IT TRIPS 1 OPERATES. IF TEED PROTECTION BAY 1&2 OPERATED THEN IT TRIPS 1- -52CB & 2 52CB & 2- -52CB. 52CB.
SIMILARLY IF TEED PROTECTION BAY 2&3 OPERATED THEN IT TRIPS 2 SIMILARLY IF TEED PROTECTION BAY 2&3 OPERATED THEN IT TRIPS 2- -52CB & 3 52CB & 3- -52CB. 52CB.
TEED
TEED
-
-
1
1
PROTECTION
PROTECTION
SUMMATION OF INDIVIDUAL PHASES OF T-SHAPED
3 CTs BEFORE REACHING TO RELAY. THE CURRENT
FLOWING THROUGH IN 3-PHASES AFTER SUMMATION
IS ZERO DURING BALANCED CONDITION.
HIGH IMPENDENCE THREE PHASE DIFFERENTIAL HIGH IMPENDENCE THREE PHASE DIFFERENTIAL
RELAY IS USED AS TEED RELAY IS USED AS TEED- -1 PROTECTION. 1 PROTECTION.
TEED
TEED
-
-
2
2
PROTECTION
PROTECTION
T- SHAPED 3 CTs ARE CONNECTED TO RELAY. THE
RELAY HAVING OPERATING COIL & RESTAIRING
COIL. BASED ON THE DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT
FLOWING THROUGH THE OPERATING COIL THE
RELAY OPERATES.
LOW IMPEDENCE PERCENTAGE BIASED THREE LOW IMPEDENCE PERCENTAGE BIASED THREE
TERMINAL THREE PHASE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY IS TERMINAL THREE PHASE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY IS
USED AS TEED USED AS TEED- -2 PROTECTION. 2 PROTECTION.
TEED PROTECTION TRIP SCHEME
TEED PROTECTION TRIP SCHEME
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-52CB 3-52CB
2-52CB
86 86- -A A
MTR/ MTR/
HSTR HSTR
ABB ABB
REL521 REL521
MAIN MAIN- -1 1
86 86- -B B
MTR/ MTR/
HSTR HSTR
86 86- -B B
MTR/ MTR/
HSTR HSTR
86 86- -A A
MTR/ MTR/
HSTR HSTR
86 86- -B B
MTR/ MTR/
HSTR HSTR
86 86- -A A
MTR/ MTR/
HSTR HSTR
ABB ABB
RADHA RADHA
TEED TEED- -1 1
ABB ABB
RADSB RADSB
TEED TEED- -2 2
ABB ABB
RADHA RADHA
TEED TEED- -1 1
ABB ABB
RADSB RADSB
TEED TEED- -2 2
TRIP COIL-1
TRIP COIL-1
TRIP COIL-1
TRIP COIL-2
BASICS OF LBB/BFR PROTECTION
BASICS OF LBB/BFR PROTECTION
LOCAL BREAKER BACKUP PROTECTION
LOCAL BREAKER BACKUP PROTECTION
A PROTECTION WHICH IS DESIGNED TO CLEAR A SYSTEM FAULTY
BY INITIATING TRIPPING OTHER CIRCUIT BREAKER(S) IN THE CASE OF
FAILURE TO TRIP OF THE APPROPRIATE CIRCUIT BREAKER.
IN MODERN NETWORKS THE CRITICAL FAULT CLEARING TIME
MAY BE LESS THAN 200ms. HENCE, IF THE FAULT IS NOT CLEARED DUE TO
FAILURE OF THE PRIMARY PROTECTIVE RELAYS OR THEIR ASSOCIATED
CIRCUIT BREAKER, A FAST ACTING BACK-UP PROTECTIVE RELAY MUST
CLEAR THE FAULT.
THERE ARE TWO BASIC FORMS.
REMOTE BACK-UP.
LOCAL BACK-UP.
REMOTE BACK
REMOTE BACK
-
-
UP
UP
PROVIDES BACK-UP PROTECTION FOR THE BOTH THE RELAYS
(MAIN-1 & MAIN-2) AND BREAKERS AT REMOTE SUBSTATION.
LOCAL
LOCAL
BACK
BACK
-
-
UP
UP
LOCAL BACK-UP PROTECTION CAN BE DEVIDED INTO TWO CATAGORIES.
RELAY BACK-UP
BREAKER BACK-UP
RELAY BACK
RELAY BACK
-
-
UP
UP
DUPLICATE PRIMARY PROTECTION. i.e ONE IS NON SWITCHED
DISTANCE PROTECTION AND ANOTHER IS SWITCHED DISTANCE
SCHEME OR OTHER WISE BOTH SCHEMES CHARECTERSTICS ARE
DIFFERENT (QUADRALATERAL, MHO CIRCULAR, TAMOTO & OPTICAL )
OR DIFFERENT MANUFACTURERS(ABB, ALSTOM, SIEMENS, EASUN
REYROLL, SEL, GE, NXT PHASE OR BASLER) OR DIFFERENT METHODS (i.e
ELECTROMECHANICAL, STATIC, NUMERICAL{MICROPROCESSOR &DSP}).
IF MAIN-1 & MAIN-2 ARE NUMERICAL RELAYS BOTH SHOULD BE
SEPARATE CHARECTERESTICS AND SEPARATE MODELS AND ALL
FEATURES SHOULD BE AVAILABLE IN BOTH SCHEMES AND BOTH
RELAYS SHOULD BE 100% REDENDENCY IN ALL ASPECTS
TO INCREASE THE SECURITY, THE CIRCUIT BREAKER HAS TWO
TRIP COILS, ONE IS CONNECTED TO MAIN-1 PROTECTION AND ANOTHER
IS CONNECTED TO MAIN-2 PROTECTION.
BREAKER BACK
BREAKER BACK
-
-
UP
UP
BECAUSE OF THE HIGH COST OF HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT
BREAKERS, IT IS NOT FEASIBLE TO DUPLICATE THEM.
IN CASE OF A BREAKER FAILURE THE OTHER CIRCUIT BREAKERS
CONNECTED TO THE SAME BUS AS THE FAULTED BREAKER MUST THERE
FORE BE TRIPPED.
LBB/BFR FLOW CHART
LBB/BFR FLOW CHART
MAIN
PROTECTION
OPERATED
YES
YES
TRIP
MAIN
BREAKER
INITIATE
BFR
WAIT FOR
FAULT
CLEARENCE
AND
FAULT
CLEARED
YES
NO
RESET
BREAKER
FAILURE
SCHEME
TRIP
BACK-UP
BREAKERS
LBB/BFR TIME CO
LBB/BFR TIME CO
-
-
ORDINATION CHART
ORDINATION CHART
FAULT OCCURS
NORMAL
CLEARING
INOPERATIVE
BREAKER
BREAKER
INTURUPTING TIME
PROTECTIVE RELAY
FOR EX: DISTANCE RELAY
NORMAL CLEARING TIME
BREAKER FAILURE RELAY START
MARGIN
RESETTING TIME OF THE
CURRENT MEASURING UNITS
SET TIME OF THE TIME MEASURING UNIT
TRIPPING
RELAY
TIME
BACK-UP BREAKER
INTERUPTING TIME
TOTAL CLEARING TIME OF THE BREAKER FAILURE RELAY
MARGIN
MAXIMUM FAULT CLEARING TIME BEFORE SYSTEM INSTABILITY
~30ms ~60ms
<12ms
LBB/BFR LOGIC
LBB/BFR LOGIC
PHASE L1
PHASE L2/E
PHASE L3
CURRENT INPUTS
~
|||
A/D
CONVERTER
&
I > ISET
I > ISET
PHASE CURRENT SET POINT
EARTH CURRENT SET POINT
&
CIRCUIT BREAKER FAILURE INITIATE
BINARY INPUT
OUT PUT OF DISTANCE RELAY OR
SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT RELAY
> 1
TIMING/OUTPUT
STAGE
0
1
0
1
TIME STAGE T1
TIME STAGE T2
TIME STAGE T2
SWITCHED OFF
&
&
&
O
> 1
LED
CB FAILURE
INITIATE
LED
TRIP T2
RELAY
ALARM T1
RELAY
LED
TRIP T1
RELAY
LED
(PHASE START)
LED
(EARTH START)
ALARM RELAY
(PHASE START)
ALARM RELAY
(EARTH START)
LBB/BFR PROTECTION
LBB/BFR PROTECTION
1-52CB 2-52CB 3-52CB
BUS-1
BUS-2
LINE1 AT/F-1
LBB / BFR
RAICA
50ZT
LBB / BFR
RAICA
50Z
LBB / BFR
RAICA
50Z
LBB/BFR IS LOCAL BREAKER BACKUP PROTECTION/ BREAKER FAILURE RELA LBB/BFR IS LOCAL BREAKER BACKUP PROTECTION/ BREAKER FAILURE RELAY. Y.
1No RELAY IS PROVIDED FOR EACH BREAKER. 1No RELAY IS PROVIDED FOR EACH BREAKER.
THIS IS CURRENT OPERATED RELAY. THIS IS CURRENT OPERATED RELAY.
THIS RELAY IS ENERGISED WHEN MASTER TRIP RELAY(86 THIS RELAY IS ENERGISED WHEN MASTER TRIP RELAY(86- -A & 86 A & 86- -B) OPERATES B) OPERATES
AND GIVEN SIGNAL TO BREAKER FOR TRIP. AND GIVEN SIGNAL TO BREAKER FOR TRIP.
IN THIS RELAY TIME DELAY IS PROVIDED. IN THIS RELAY TIME DELAY IS PROVIDED.
THIS RELAY OPERATES WHEN THE BREAKER IS UNDER TROUBLE/ FAILS TO THIS RELAY OPERATES WHEN THE BREAKER IS UNDER TROUBLE/ FAILS TO
OPERATE. OPERATE.
AFTER ENERGISED THE RELAY AND TIME DELAY COMPLETES, EVEN CURRENT AFTER ENERGISED THE RELAY AND TIME DELAY COMPLETES, EVEN CURRENT
IS THERE THIS THINKS BREAKER FAIL TO OPERATE AND GIVEN SIGNAL AS IS THERE THIS THINKS BREAKER FAIL TO OPERATE AND GIVEN SIGNAL AS PER PER
SCHEME DESCRIBED NEXT PRESENTATION. SCHEME DESCRIBED NEXT PRESENTATION.
1
1
-
-
52 CB LBB/BFR OPERATION
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-52CB 3-52CB
2-52CB
8
6
8
6
- -
A A
8
6
8
6
- -
B B
ABB ABB
REL521 REL521
MAIN MAIN- -1 1
ABB ABB
REL316 REL316
MAIN MAIN- -2 2
INITIALISATION
LBB/BFR LBB/BFR
TIME TIME
DELAY DELAY
8
6
8
6
- -
A A
8
6
8
6
- -
B B
TC-1 TC-2
BUSBAR-1
PROTECTION OPTD
AND BUSBAR-1
ISOLATED
DIRECT TRIP 1&2
VIA CARRIER TO
OTHER END
TC-1 TC-2
2
2
-
-
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-52CB 3-52CB
2-52CB
ABB ABB
REL521 REL521
MAIN MAIN- -1 1
ABB ABB
REL316 REL316
MAIN MAIN- -2 2
INITIALISATION
LBB/BFR LBB/BFR
TIME TIME
DELAY DELAY
8
6
8
6
- -
A A
8
6
8
6
- -
B B
TC-1
TC-2
ABB ABB
RET521 RET521
MAIN MAIN- -1 1
ABB ABB
RET316 RET316
MAIN MAIN- -2 2
TO 86-B TRIP RELAY
OF LINE CB(1-52CB)
DIRECT TRIP 1&2
VIA CARRIER
TO OTHER END
TO 86-B TRIP RELAY
OF AT/F(ICT) CB
(3-52CB)
INTER TRIP TO
LVCB & TBCCB
3
3
-
-
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-52CB 3-52CB
2-52CB
8
6
8
6
- -
A A
8
6
8
6
- -
B B
ABB ABB
RET521 RET521
MAIN MAIN- -1 1
ABB ABB
RET316 RET316
MAIN MAIN- -2 2
INITIALISATION
LBB/BFR LBB/BFR
TIME TIME
DELAY DELAY
8
6
8
6
- -
A A
8
6
8
6
- -
B B
TC-1 TC-2
TC-1
TC-2
BUSBAR-2
PROTECTION OPTD
AND BUSBAR-2
ISOLATED
INTER TRIP TO
LV CB & TBC CB
AUTO RECLOSURE BASICS
AUTO RECLOSURE BASICS
FAULTS ARE THREE TYPES
1. TRANSIENT FAULT: These are cleared by the immediate tripping of
Circuit Breakers and do not reoccur when the line is re-energized.
2. SEMI-PERMANENT FAULTS: These require a time interval to disappear
before a line is charged again.
3. PERMANENT FAULTS: These are to be located and repaired before the
line is re-energized.
About 80-90% of the faults occurring are transient in nature. Hence the Automatic
Reclosure of breaker (after tripping on Fault) will result in the line being
successfully re-energized.
ADVANTAGES:
A. Decreasing outage time.
B. Improving Reliability.
C. Improving system stability.
D. Reduce fault damage and Maintenance Time.
DEAD TIME: The time between the Auto-reclosing Scheme being energized and
the operation of the contacts which energize the Circuit Breaker closing
circuit.
RECLAIM TIME: The Time Following a successful closing operation measured
from the instant the Auto-Reclosing relay closing contacts make which
must elapse before the Auto-Reclosing relay initiates another reclosing
attempt. In other words, it may be said to be the time between 1
st
and 2
nd
Auto-Reclosure.
TYPES OF AUTO-RECLOSING SCHEMES:
1. BASED ON PHASE
A. THREE PHASE AUTO-RECLOSING: This type of Auto-Reclosing causes an
immediate drift part of the two systems and hence no interchange of synchronizing
power can take place during the dead time.
B. SINGLE PHASE AUTO-RECLOSING: In this, only the faulty phase(only SLG Faults) is
reclosed without causing interruption in interchange synchronizing power between two
systems through other two healthy phases.
2. BASED ON ATTEMPTS OF RECLOSURE
A. SINGLE SHOT AUTO-RECLOSING: In this scheme, Breaker is reclosed only once on
a given fault before lockout of Circuit Breaker Occurs. High-Speed Auto-Reclosing for
EHT System is invariably Single Shot.
B. MULTI-SHOT AUTO-RECLOSING: In this scheme, more than one reclosing attempts
made for a given fault before lockout of Circuit Breaker occurs.
B.I. DISADVANTAGES: Repeated closure attempts has with high fault level would
seriously affect the Circuit Breaker, Equipment and System Stability.
B.ii. CIRCUIT BREAKER LIMITATIONS: Ability of Circuit Breaker to Perform several Trip
Close operations in quick succession.
B. iii. SYSTEM CONDITIONS: In the percentage of the semi-Permanent faults (which
could be burnt out) is moderate, For example on the lines through the forest, multi
shot Auto-Reclosing is followed.
3. DEPENDING ON SPEED:
A. HIGH-SPEED AUTO-RECLOSING: This aids in fast restoration of supply but should
be done by taking into account the following factors.
I. System disturbance time can be tolerated without loss of system stability.
ii. Characteristics of Protection Schemes and Circuit Breaker.
B. LOW SPPED OR DELAYED AUTO RECLOSING: This is suitable for highly
interconnected systems where the loss of a single line is unlikely to cause two sections
of the system to drift apart and loose synchronism.
METHOD OF ADOPTION IN ONE AND HALF BREAKER SYSTEM:
The Auto-Reclosure Functions used for the Bus Breakers 1-52CB & 3-52CB are set
as Masters and one for the Center Breaker 2-52CB(TIE) as Follower. Co-ordination
is required between the Auto-Reclosure Functions. A Synchrocheck function is
also loaded in each Relay to permit 3 pole Auto-Reclosing.
Each Line Protection relays starts both MAIN & TIE Circuit Breakers to trip for the
Concerned line. After a Successful reclosure of the Main Breaker, The Tie Breaker
will be reclosed after a supplementary time delay. Should the Main CB Auto-
Reclosure relay not be successful in its reclosing attempts, the Tie CB Auto-
Reclosure is blocked. If the Main CB is Open or its Auto-Reclosure Relay is not
ready or Out of service, The TIE CB Auto-Reclosure will reclose The TIE Breaker
after its own dead time without any supplementary time delay.
CHOICES OF EHV SYSTEM:
1. CHOICE OF DEAD TIME:
A. Lower limit is decided by deionising of Circuit Breaker.
B. Upper Limit is decided by Transient Stability and Synchronism.
C. Longer Transmission Lines Require Longer dead Time.
D. The dead time for High Speed Auto-Reclosing scheme with EHV System is 0.3 to
1.2 sec.
2. CHOICE OF RECLAIM TIME:
This should not be set to such a low value that the operating cycle of Breaker is
exceeded when two faults incident occurs close together. The reclaim time will be
in the range of 10 to 30 sec., depending the breaker opening and closing
mechanisms.
3. CHOICE OF ZONE:
This should normally kept in Zone-1. It is a Zone-1 fault and SLG fault only auto-
reclosure is comes in to picture. In other zones the auto reclosure is blocked.
AUTO
AUTO
-
-
RECLOSURE FOR
RECLOSURE FOR
ONE & HALF BREAKER SCHEME
ONE & HALF BREAKER SCHEME
1-52CB 2-52CB
3-52CB
21 L1 21 L1
MAIN MAIN- -1 1
REL 521 REL 521
21 L2 21 L2
MAIN MAIN- -2 2
REL 316 REL 316
21 L1 21 L1
MAIN MAIN- -1 1
REL 521 REL 521
21 L2 21 L2
MAIN MAIN- -2 2
REL 316 REL 316
LINE-1
LINE-2
79 (A/R)+ 79 (A/R)+
25(SYNC) 25(SYNC)
RAAAM RAAAM
RASC RASC
79 (A/R)+ 79 (A/R)+
25(SYNC) 25(SYNC)
RAAAM RAAAM
RASC RASC
79 (A/R)+ 79 (A/R)+
25(SYNC) 25(SYNC)
RAAAM RAAAM
RASC RASC
TRIP COMMANDS
AUTO RECLOSURE
COMMANDS
AUTO RECLOSING TIMING CHART
AUTO RECLOSING TIMING CHART
TIME
AUTO RECLOSE
RELAY
INSTANT OF FAULT
PROTECTION
CIRCUIT
BREAKER
T
R
A
N
S
I
E
N
T

F
A
U
L
T
P
E
R
M
A
N
E
N
T

F
A
U
L
T
PROTECTION
CIRCUIT
BREAKER
OPERATING
TIME
OPERATING
TIME
OPERATES
OPERATES
TRIP COIL
ENERGISED
CONTACTS
SEPARATE
ARC
EXTINGUISHED
CONTACTS
FULLY OPEN
RESETS
TRIP COIL
ENERGISED
CONTACTS
SEPARATE
ARC
EXTINGUISHED
CONTACTS
FULLY OPEN
RESETS
OPENING
TIME
ARCING
TIME
OPERATING TIME
OPENING
TIME
ARCING
TIME
OPERATING TIME
CLOSING COIL
ENERGISED
CONTACTS
MAKE
CONTACTS
FULLY CLOSED
CLOSING
TIME
DEAD TIME
CLOSING COIL
ENERGISED
CONTACTS
MAKE
CONTACTS
FULLY CLOSED
CLOSING
TIME
DEAD TIME
RECLOSE
ON TO FAULT
OPERATES
TRIP COIL
ENERGISED
CONTACTS
SEPARATE
ARC
EXTINGUISHED
CONTACTS
FULLY OPEN
RESETS
SYSTEM DISTURBANCE TIME
RECLOSE INITIATED
BY PROTECTION
DEAD TIME CLOSING PULSE TIME
RECLAIM TIME
RELAY READY TO RESPOND
TO FURTHER FAULT INCIDENTS
(AFTER SUCEESFUL RECLOSRE)
CARRIER
CARRIER
INTERTRIPPING
INTERTRIPPING
SCHEMES
SCHEMES
ADOPTED IN
ADOPTED IN
ONE AND HALF
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
SCHEME
PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL
PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL
C
E
DISPLAY
ACTIVE START TRIP
NSD 50/
NSD 50/
NSD 70
NSD 70
G4AC TB: V9LC
1 1- -
2+ 2+
5 5- -
6+ 6+
9 9- -
10+
13 13- -
14+ 14+
TX TX
TRIP TRIP
A(C) A(C)
RX RX
TRIP TRIP
A(C) A(C)
TX TX
TRIP TRIP
B(D) B(D)
RX RX
TRIP TRIP
B(D) B(D)
C
S
C
S
C
R
C
R
GA4D TB:V9LC
1 1- -
2+ 2+
5 5- -
6+ 6+
9 9- -
10+ 10+
13-
14+ 14+
TX TX
TRIP TRIP
C(A) C(A)
RX RX
TRIP TRIP
C(A) C(A)
TX TX
TRIP TRIP
D(B) D(B)
RX RX
TRIP TRIP
D(B) D(B)
C
S
C
S
C
R
C
R
G4AA TB: V9LB
A
L
A
R
M
A
L
A
R
M
- -
1 1
2
5
0
V

D
C
2
5
0
V

D
C
A
L
A
R
M
A
L
A
R
M
- -
2 2
2
5
0
V

D
C
2
5
0
V

D
C
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8
PROTECTION COUPLERS FOR 400KV LINE
PROTECTION COUPLERS FOR 400KV LINE
FOR EACH LINE 2Nos PROTECTION COUPLER PANELS PROVIDED. FOR EACH LINE 2Nos PROTECTION COUPLER PANELS PROVIDED.
FOR EACH LINE 1NO CARRIER SPEECH PANEL PROVIDED. FOR EACH LINE 1NO CARRIER SPEECH PANEL PROVIDED.
SO, 1 LINE REQUIRES TOTAL 3 PANELS. SO, 1 LINE REQUIRES TOTAL 3 PANELS.
CARRIER SPEECH PANEL PURELY FOR VOICE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN CARRIER SPEECH PANEL PURELY FOR VOICE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN
TWO SUBSTATIONS, i.e THE LINE CONNECTED SUBSTATIONS. TWO SUBSTATIONS, i.e THE LINE CONNECTED SUBSTATIONS.
THE VOICE COMMUNICATION ARE TWO METHODS PROVIDED. THE VOICE COMMUNICATION ARE TWO METHODS PROVIDED.
ONE IS HOTLINE COMMUNICATION/DEDICATED/ LIFT&TALK METHOD. ONE IS HOTLINE COMMUNICATION/DEDICATED/ LIFT&TALK METHOD.
ANOTHER IS DIAL METHOD. ANOTHER IS DIAL METHOD.
IN PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL IN PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL- -1 TOTAL 3 CARDS ARE IMPORTANT FOR 1 TOTAL 3 CARDS ARE IMPORTANT FOR
SENDING & RECEIVING TRIP SIGNALS. SENDING & RECEIVING TRIP SIGNALS.
ONE CARD FOR ALARM i.e G4AA. ONE CARD FOR PERMISSIVE/PROTECTION ONE CARD FOR ALARM i.e G4AA. ONE CARD FOR PERMISSIVE/PROTECTION
TRIP i.e G4AC & ANOTHER CARD FOR DIRECT TRIPS i.e G4AD. TRIP i.e G4AC & ANOTHER CARD FOR DIRECT TRIPS i.e G4AD.
IN PROTECTION COUPLER IN PROTECTION COUPLER- -2 PANEL ALSO 3 CARDS ARE PROVIDED SIMILAR TO 2 PANEL ALSO 3 CARDS ARE PROVIDED SIMILAR TO
PROTECTION COUPLER PROTECTION COUPLER- -1 PANEL. 1 PANEL.
THE PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL DRAWING IS SHOWN IN PREVIOUS MENU. THE PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL DRAWING IS SHOWN IN PREVIOUS MENU.
1SET TX & RX FOR PERMISSIVE/ PROTECTION TRIP(G4AC) 1SET TX & RX FOR PERMISSIVE/ PROTECTION TRIP(G4AC)
1SET TX & RX FOR BACKUP FOR PERMISSIVE/ PROTECTION IN ANOTHER 1SET TX & RX FOR BACKUP FOR PERMISSIVE/ PROTECTION IN ANOTHER
PANEL(G4AC). PANEL(G4AC).
1SET TX & RX FOR DIRECT TRIP CHANNEL 1SET TX & RX FOR DIRECT TRIP CHANNEL- -1( G4AD). 1( G4AD).
1SET TX & RX FOR SPARE UNDER EMERGENCY(G4AD). 1SET TX & RX FOR SPARE UNDER EMERGENCY(G4AD).
THE ABOVE ARRANGEMENT SIMILAR FOR PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL THE ABOVE ARRANGEMENT SIMILAR FOR PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL- -2. 2.
G4AA CARD FOR ALARM. G4AA CARD FOR ALARM.
MAIN
MAIN
-
-
1 PROTECTION CARRIER INTER TRIPPING
ABB REL521 ABB REL521
CR
CS
-VE
CARRIER RECEIVE
CARRIER SEND
ALARM
IN
A
B
B
A
B
B
N
S
D

5
0
N
S
D

5
0
OUT
PANEL-1
PANEL-2
G4AC V9LC 1
G4AC V9LC 2
G4AC V9LC 5
G4AC V9LC 6
G4AA V9LB 5
G4AA V9LB 6
A
B
B
A
B
B
N
S
D

5
0
N
S
D

5
0
G4AC V9LC 10
G4AC V9LC 14
G4AC V9LC 9
G4AC V9LC 13
THIS IS BACKUP FOR PERMISSIVE/ PROTECTION TRIP THIS IS BACKUP FOR PERMISSIVE/ PROTECTION TRIP
AND CONNECTED IN ANOTHER PANEL AND CONNECTED IN ANOTHER PANEL
+VE -VE
MAIN
MAIN
-
-
ABB REL316 ABB REL316
CR
CS
-VE
CARRIER RECEIVE
CARRIER SEND
ALARM
IN
A
B
B
A
B
B
N
S
D

5
0
N
S
D

5
0
OUT
PANEL-2
PANEL-1
G4AC V9LC 1
G4AC V9LC 2
G4AC V9LC 5
G4AC V9LC 6
G4AA V9LB 5
G4AA V9LB 6
A
B
B
A
B
B
N
S
D

5
0
N
S
D

5
0
G4AC V9LC 10
G4AC V9LC 14
G4AC V9LC 9
G4AC V9LC 13
THIS IS BACKUP FOR PERMISSIVE/ PROTECTION TRIP THIS IS BACKUP FOR PERMISSIVE/ PROTECTION TRIP
AND CONNECTED IN ANOTHER PANEL AND CONNECTED IN ANOTHER PANEL
+VE
-VE
DIRECT TRIP SEND CARRIER CHANNEL
-
-
1
1
T N C
MAIN CB(1-52CB)
T N C
TIE CB(2-52CB)
CONTROL PANEL
BUSBAR TRIP (ZONE-1)
BUSBAR PROT-1 PANEL
BUSBAR PROT-2 PANEL
R Y B
R Y B
TIE CB (2-52 CB)
MAIN CB (1-52 CB)
50 LBB/BFR FOR MAIN CB
RAICA
59L1
OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-1
59L2
50 LBB/BFR FOR TIE CB
RAICA
ABB ABB
NSD 50 NSD 50
DC +VE
FROM PANEL
G4AD V9LC 2
DC VE FROM PANEL
G4AD V9LC 1
PANEL-1
-
-
2
2
T N C
MAIN CB(1-52CB)
T N C
TIE CB(2-52CB)
CONTROL PANEL
BUSBAR PROT-1 PANEL
BUSBAR PROT-2 PANEL
R Y B
R Y B
TIE CB (2-52 CB)
MAIN CB (1-52 CB)
50 LBB/BFR FOR MAIN CB
RAICA
59L1
59L2
50 LBB/BFR FOR TIE CB
RAICA
ABB ABB
NSD 50 NSD 50
DC +VE
FROM PANEL
G4AD V9LC 2
DC VE FROM PANEL
G4AD V9LC 1
PANEL-2
DIRECT TRIP RECEIVE CHANNEL
DIRECT TRIP RECEIVE CHANNEL
-
-
1&2
1&2
ABB ABB
NSD 50 NSD 50
G4AD V9LC 6
G4AD V9LC 5
ABB ABB
NSD 50 NSD 50
G4AD V9LC 6
G4AD V9LC 5
PANEL-1
PANEL-2
DC +VE
DC +VE
+VE
-VE
TO 86 TO 86- -A MASTER TRIP RELAY A MASTER TRIP RELAY
(HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY) FOR (HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY) FOR
MAIN CB(152CB) MAIN CB(152CB)
TO 86 TO 86- -A MASTER TRIP RELAY A MASTER TRIP RELAY
TIE CB(252CB) TIE CB(252CB)
TO 86 TO 86- -B MASTER TRIP RELAY B MASTER TRIP RELAY
MAIN CB(152CB) MAIN CB(152CB)
TO 86 TO 86- -B MASTER TRIP RELAY B MASTER TRIP RELAY
TIE CB(252CB) TIE CB(252CB)
DIRECT TRIP-1
CARRIER RECEIVE
RELAY
DIRECT TRIP-2
CARRIER RECEIVE
RELAY
PLCC CARRIER PROTECTION SYSTEM
PLCC CARRIER PROTECTION SYSTEM
(TELEPROTECTION)
(TELEPROTECTION)
C
E
ABBNetwork Partner AG REL531
REL 521
MAIN-1
PROTECTION
C
E
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
ABB Network Partner AG REC 316*4
C
E
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
C
E
REL 316
MAIN-2
PROTECTION
PLCC
PANEL
PLCC
PANEL
NSD 50
PANEL
NSD 50
PANEL
NSD 50
PANEL
NSD 50
PANEL
ELECTRICAL CONNECTION
ELECTRICAL POWER LINE
FIBRE OPTIC PROTECTION SYSTEM
FIBRE OPTIC PROTECTION SYSTEM
(TELEPROTECTION)
(TELEPROTECTION)
C
E
REL 521
MAIN-1
PROTECTION
C
E
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
C
E
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
C
E
REL 316
MAIN-2
PROTECTION
NSD 70
PANEL
NSD 70
PANEL
NSD 70
PANEL
NSD 70
PANEL
FOX-U
FOX-515
T
U
N
O
S
G
E
C
O
D
/

S
I
F
O
X
FOX-U
FOX-515
T
U
N
O
S
G
E
C
O
D
/

S
I
F
O
X
FIBRE OPTIC CARRIER PROTECTION SYSTEM
FIBRE OPTIC CARRIER PROTECTION SYSTEM
(TELEPROTECTION)
(TELEPROTECTION)
DIGITAL RELAY CONNECTION VIA FIBRE OPTIC
DIGITAL RELAY CONNECTION VIA FIBRE OPTIC
FOX-U
FOX-515
T
U
N
O
S
O
T
E
R
M
FOX-U
FOX-515
T
U
N
O
S
O
T
E
R
M
C
E
REL 521
MAIN-1
PROTECTION
C
E
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
C
E
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
C
E
REL 316
MAIN-2
PROTECTION
MAIN
MAIN
-
-
1 & MAIN
1 & MAIN
-
-
2
2
PROTECTION FOR
PROTECTION FOR
AUTO TRANSFORMER
AUTO TRANSFORMER
ADOPTED IN
ADOPTED IN
ONE AND HALF
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
SCHEME
PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
BASICS OF TRANSFORMER PROTECTION
BASICS OF TRANSFORMER PROTECTION
1. 1. PURPOSE OF POWER TRANSFORMER PROTECTION PURPOSE OF POWER TRANSFORMER PROTECTION
POWER T/F PROTECTION IS USUALLY INSTALLED TO DISCONNECT THE T/F AT:
A. A. INTERNAL SHORT CIRCUITS AND EARTH FAULTS IN THE T/F AND ITS CONNECTED
CIRCUITS.
B. B. EXTERNAL FAULTS ON OTHER CIRCUITS. (BACK-UP PROTECTION)
C. C. ABNORMAL SERVICE CONDITIONS SUCH AS OVERLOAD & OVER VOLTAGE.
2. 2. PROTECTION DEVICES INBUILT OR MOUNTED ON POWER T/F PROTECTION DEVICES INBUILT OR MOUNTED ON POWER T/F
A. A. OIL IMMERSED POWER T/F USUALLY HAVE A GAS DETECTOR AND OIL SURGE.
DETECTOR (BUCHHOLZ ALARAM & TRIP DEVICES), WHICH ARE EXCELLENT FOR
DETECTING INTERNAL FAULTS.
B. B. LOAD TAPCHANGER COMPARTMENTS MAY HAVE A SIMILAR OVER PRESSURE
DEVICE.
C. C. TEMPARATURE MONITORS FOR OIL & WINDING PROVIDE GOOD OVER LOAD
PROTECTION.
D. D. PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICE IS PROVIDED TO SAFE GUARD THE T/F FROM HIGH
PRESURES.
3. 3. TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
IT IS WIDELY USED AS INSTANTANEOUS PROTECTION FOR SHORT CIRCUIT FAULTS WITH
IN THE DIFFERENTIAL ZONE. THIS IS TREATED AS MAIN-1 PROT FOR T/F.
THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF PROTECTION IS THE CURRENT RESTRAINT TYPE.
SOME TYPE OF DIFFERENTIAL RELAYS REQUIRE INTERPOSING CTs FOR CT RATIO
MATCHING AND/OR PHASE SHIFT.
HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION CAN BE USED ON AUTO T/F & REACTORS.
IT COVERS ONE GALVANICALLY INTERCONNECTED WINDING (WDG DIFF). BUT NOT A
SEPARATE TERTIARY WINDING.
IT REQUIRES A THREE PHASE SET OF CTs AT THE NEUTRAL SIDE OF WINDING.
4. 4. RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION
THIS IS A HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL EARTH FAULT PROTECTION FOR ONE
WINDING OR 1-PH. IT IS SOME TIMES USED IN LOW IMPEDENCE EARTHED SYSTEMS TO
GIVE AN INSTANTANEOUS PROTECTION. WHICH IS MORE SENSITIVE THAN THE
TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL ONE. TYPICAL SENSITIVITY IS 5%. THERE ARE SOME
PARTICULAR CT REQUIREMENTS, e.g. EQUAL TURNS RATIO OF THE CTs. INCASE OF T/F
HAVING EARTHED STAR WINDING ONE RELAY SUFFICIENT. T/F HAVING STAR/STAR
(BOTH EARTHED) APPLY TWO INDEPENDENT RELAYS.
5. 5. BACK UP PROTECTION BACK UP PROTECTION
A VARIETY OF RELAYS ARE AVAILABLE.
A. A. OVER CURRENT & EARTH FAULT PROTECTION. ( 50, 50N, 51, 51N, 67, 67N - ANY
COMBINATION OF THESE)
B. B. UNDER IMPEDENCE / DISTANCE ( Z<)(21T).
C. C. NEUTRAL DISPLACEMENT PROTECTION (Un>).
6. 6. OTHER TYPES OF RELAYS OTHER TYPES OF RELAYS
A. A. OVER VOLTAGE RELAY (U >).
B. B. OVER FLUX/ EXCITATION (V/F >)( INVERSE TIME & DIFENITE TIME).
FOR 400KV/220KV, 315 MVA & 500MVA TRANSFORMERS BOTH SIDES( i.e HV & LV) OVER
FLUX RELAYS ARE PROVIDED BECAUSE BOTH SIDES HAVING GRID.
NORMALLY ADOPTED POWER TRANSFORMERS CAPACITIES IN NORMALLY ADOPTED POWER TRANSFORMERS CAPACITIES IN
400KV / 220KV 400KV / 220KV
CAPACITY OF CAPACITY OF
TRANSFORMER TRANSFORMER
HV HV
VOLTAGE VOLTAGE
HV HV
CURRENT CURRENT
LV LV
VOLTAGE VOLTAGE
LV LV
CURRENT CURRENT
315 MVA 315 MVA 400 KV 400 KV 454.68 A 454.68 A 220 KV 220 KV 0826.68 A 0826.68 A
500 MVA 500 MVA 400 KV 400 KV 721.71 A 721.71 A 220 KV 220 KV 1312.20 A 1312.20 A
FOR POWER TRANSFORMERS & AUTO TRANSFORMERS FOR POWER TRANSFORMERS & AUTO TRANSFORMERS
BACK UP BACK UP
S.No S.No
CAPA CAPA
CITY CITY
VOLTAGE VOLTAGE
RATIO RATIO
MAIN MAIN
HV HV
ADDITIONAL ADDITIONAL
3 OL + 3 OL +
1 DIR EL 1 DIR EL
BUCHHOLZ, BUCHHOLZ,
OLTC OSR OLTC OSR
OIL TEMP OIL TEMP
WDNG TEMP WDNG TEMP
BUCHHOLZ BUCHHOLZ
OVER FLUX OVER FLUX
OLTC OSR OLTC OSR
PRV/PRD PRV/PRD
OIL TEMP OIL TEMP
WDNG TEMP WDNG TEMP
3 OL + 3 OL +
1 DIR EL 1 DIR EL
3 OL + 3 OL +
1 DIR EL 1 DIR EL
3 OL + 3 OL +
1 DIR EL 1 DIR EL
SPECIAL SPECIAL
1 1
7.5 MVA 7.5 MVA
16 MVA 16 MVA
3 DIR OL 3 DIR OL
(HIGHSET) + (HIGHSET) +
1 DIR EL 1 DIR EL
(HIGHSET) (HIGHSET)
LV LV
132KV/11KV 132KV/11KV
3 OL + 3 OL +
1 EL 1 EL
3 OL + 3 OL +
1 EL 1 EL
3 OL + 3 OL +
1 EL 1 EL
3 OL + 3 OL +
1 DIR EL 1 DIR EL
3 DIR OL 3 DIR OL
(HIGHSET) + (HIGHSET) +
1 DIR EL 1 DIR EL
(HIGHSET) (HIGHSET)
132KV/33KV 132KV/33KV
220KV/33KV 220KV/33KV
220KV/132KV 220KV/132KV
400KV/220KV 400KV/220KV
DIFFERENTIAL
DIFFERENTIAL
RELAY
RELAY
2 2
16 MVA 16 MVA
31.5 MVA 31.5 MVA
50 MVA 50 MVA
NIL NIL
REF RELAY, REF RELAY,
OVER LOAD OVER LOAD
ALARM ALARM
RELAY RELAY
3 3
31.5 MVA 31.5 MVA
50 MVA 50 MVA
4 4 100 MVA 100 MVA
5 5
315 MVA 315 MVA
500 MVA 500 MVA
MAIN
MAIN
-
-
1/ DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION FOR AT/F
(4 CT METHOD) (4 CT METHOD)
333
333
3-CT
CORE-5
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
2-ACT
CORE-5
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
5S4 5S4 5S4
5S3 5S3
5S3
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
CT MB
P2 P2 P2
5S4 5S4 5S4
5S3 5S3 5S3
3 3 3
LV-CT
CORE-5
CTR: 1200-800/1A
CLASS: PS
5S1 5S1 5S1
5S3 5S3 5S3
P2 P2 P2
CT MB
C
E
DISPLAY
ACTIVE START TRIP
RET 521/ RET 521/
RET 316 RET 316
RADSB RADSB
A
U
X
.
C
T

Y
/

0
.
9
1

/

0
.
5
7
7
A
A
U
X
.
C
T

Y
/

0
.
9
1

/

0
.
5
7
7
A
A
U
X
.
C
T

Y
/

0
.
6
8
9

/

0
.
5
7
7
A
NORMALLY LOW
IMPEDENCE BIASED
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
IS USED FOR
TRANSFORMER
DIFFERENTIAL
PROTECTION
MAIN
MAIN
-
-
333
3-TCT
CORE-5
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
5S4 5S4 5S4
5S3 5S3
5S3
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
3 3 3
LV-CT
CORE-5
CTR: 1200-800/1A
CLASS: PS
5S1 5S1 5S1
5S3 5S3 5S3
P2 P2 P2
CT MB
C
E
DISPLAY
ACTIVE START TRIP
RET 521/ RET 521/
RET 316 RET 316
RADSB RADSB
A
U
X
.
C
T

Y
/

0
.
9
1

/

0
.
5
7
7
A
A
U
X
.
C
T

Y
/

0
.
6
8
9

/

0
.
5
7
7
A
SELECTION OF AUX.CTs FOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
SELECTION OF AUX.CTs FOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
NORMALLY 400KV/220KV AUTO TRANSFORMERS ARE OF CAPACITY 315MVA. NORMALLY 400KV/220KV AUTO TRANSFORMERS ARE OF CAPACITY 315MVA.
FOR MERZ PRICE PROTECTION IF TRANSFORMER IS CONNECTED IN STAR/ST FOR MERZ PRICE PROTECTION IF TRANSFORMER IS CONNECTED IN STAR/STAR AR
THEN CT SECONDARIES ARE TO BE CONNECTED IN DELTA/DELTA. THEN CT SECONDARIES ARE TO BE CONNECTED IN DELTA/DELTA.
CORRECT RATIO CTs ARE NOT AVAILABLE, THEN AUX.CTs ARE TO BE PROV CORRECT RATIO CTs ARE NOT AVAILABLE, THEN AUX.CTs ARE TO BE PROVIDED IDED
FOR ACHEVING SUITABLE CURRENTS. FOR ACHEVING SUITABLE CURRENTS.
IF AUX CTs ARE USING THEN MAIN CT SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN S IF AUX CTs ARE USING THEN MAIN CT SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN STAR. TAR.
THIS IS BROUGHT TO AUX CTs. AUX CTs PRIMARY IS CONNECTED IN STA THIS IS BROUGHT TO AUX CTs. AUX CTs PRIMARY IS CONNECTED IN STAR & R &
SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN DELTA. SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN DELTA.
NORMALLY THE RELAY RATED CURRRENT IS 1A. NORMALLY THE RELAY RATED CURRRENT IS 1A.
AUX.CT s SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN DELTA. FOR ACHIEVING 1A TO AUX.CT s SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN DELTA. FOR ACHIEVING 1A TO
RELAY, AUX.CT SECONDARY CURRENT IS RELAY, AUX.CT SECONDARY CURRENT IS TO BE TO BE 0.577A. 0.577A.
THE FULL LOAD PRIMARY CURRENT OF 315MVA AT/F IS 454.7A. THE FULL LOAD PRIMARY CURRENT OF 315MVA AT/F IS 454.7A.
BUT THE 400KV CTs RATIOs ARE AVAILABLE : 2000 BUT THE 400KV CTs RATIOs ARE AVAILABLE : 2000- -1000 1000- -500/1A 500/1A
NEAREST VALUE TO FULL LOAD CURRENT IS 500/1A. HENCE IT IS ADOPTE NEAREST VALUE TO FULL LOAD CURRENT IS 500/1A. HENCE IT IS ADOPTED. D.
HENCE AT FULL LOAD HV CURRENT i.e 454.7A, THEN SECONDARY OF CT HENCE AT FULL LOAD HV CURRENT i.e 454.7A, THEN SECONDARY OF CT
CURRENT WILL BE 0.91A. CURRENT WILL BE 0.91A.
SO HV SIDE AUX.CT RATIO IS 0.91/0.577A. SO HV SIDE AUX.CT RATIO IS 0.91/0.577A.
THE FULL LOAD SECONDARY CURRENT OF 315MVA AT/F IS 826.7A. THE FULL LOAD SECONDARY CURRENT OF 315MVA AT/F IS 826.7A.
BUT THE 220KV CTs RATIOs ARE AVAILABLE: 1200 BUT THE 220KV CTs RATIOs ARE AVAILABLE: 1200- -800/1A. 800/1A.
NEAREST VALUE TO FULL LOAD CURRENT IS 1200/1A. HENCE IT IS ADOPT NEAREST VALUE TO FULL LOAD CURRENT IS 1200/1A. HENCE IT IS ADOPTED. ED.
HENCE AT FULL LOAD LV CURRENT i.e 826.7A,THEN SECONDARY OF CT CU HENCE AT FULL LOAD LV CURRENT i.e 826.7A,THEN SECONDARY OF CT CURRENT RRENT
WILL BE 0.689A. WILL BE 0.689A.
SO LV SIDE AUX CT RATIO IS 0.689/0.577A. SO LV SIDE AUX CT RATIO IS 0.689/0.577A.
SPECIAL INFORMATION: SPECIAL INFORMATION: LATEST NUMERICAL RELAYS NEED NOT REQUIRE AUX LATEST NUMERICAL RELAYS NEED NOT REQUIRE AUX
CTs. IN THESE RELAYS, CT RATIOS MATCHING CAN BE PROGRAMMED. CTs. IN THESE RELAYS, CT RATIOS MATCHING CAN BE PROGRAMMED.
MAIN
MAIN
-
-
2/ BACKUP PROTECTION FOR AT/F HV
333
333
3-CT
CORE-4
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
2-ACT
CORE-4
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
4S4 4S4 4S4
4S3 4S3
4S3
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
CT MB
P2 P2 P2
4S4 4S4 4S4
4S3 4S3 4S3
CVT
SELECTI ON
BUS-1 CVT /
BUS-2 CVT /
LI NE CVT
CORE-1
VA : 200
CLASS: 3P
C
E
DISPLAY
ACTIVE START TRIP
RAPDK RAPDK
DIR O/L & E/F DIR O/L & E/F
REL 505 REL 505
LBB / BFR
RAICA
50Z
IR4 / C411
IY4 / C431
IB4 / C451
IN4 / C471
3 3 3
3 3 3
VR11 / E111
VY11 / E131
VB11 / E151
VN11 / E171
E172
E174
IR4 / C411
IY4 / C431
IB4 / C451
MAIN
MAIN
-
-
333
3-TCT
CORE-4
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
4S4 4S4 4S4
4S3 4S3
4S3
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
CVT
SELECTI ON
BUS-1 CVT /
BUS-2 CVT /
LI NE CVT
CORE-1
VA : 200
CLASS: 3P
C
E
DISPLAY
ACTIVE START TRIP
RAPDK RAPDK
REL 505 REL 505
IR4 / C411
IY4 / C431
IB4 / C451
IN4 / C471
3 3 3
3 3 3
VR11 / E111
VY11 / E131
VB11 / E151
VN11 / E171
E172
E174
MAIN
MAIN
-
-
2/ BACKUP PROTECTION FOR AT/F LV
2/ BACKUP PROTECTION FOR AT/F LV
333
LV-CT
CORE-4
CTR: 1200 800 /1A
CLASS: PS
4S2 4S2 4S2
4S1 4S1
4S1
P1 P1 P1 CT MB
P2 P2 P2
VOLTAGE
SELECTI ON
BUS-1 PT /
BUS-2 PT
CORE-1
VA : 200
CLASS: 3P
C
E
DISPLAY
ACTIVE START TRIP
RAPDK RAPDK
REL 505 REL 505
LBB / BFR
RAICA
50Z
IR4 / C411
IY4 / C431
IB4 / C451
IN4 / C471
3 3 3
3 3 3
VR11 / E111
VY11 / E131
VB11 / E151
VN11 / E171
E172
E174
MISCELLENEOUS
MISCELLENEOUS
ADOPTED FOR
ADOPTED FOR
AUTO TRANSFORMER IN
AUTO TRANSFORMER IN
ONE AND HALF
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
SCHEME
(OVER FLUX & REF FUNCTIONS)
(OVER FLUX & REF FUNCTIONS)
PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
OVER EXCITATION/FLUX RELAY
OVER EXCITATION/FLUX RELAY
{ {FOR AUTO TRANSFORMER HV & LV} FOR AUTO TRANSFORMER HV & LV}
RATUB
V/F RELAY V/F RELAY
HV HV
RATUB
V/F RELAY V/F RELAY
LV LV
CVT SELECTI ON
BUS-1 CVT /
BUS-2 CVT /
LI NE CVT
CORE-1
VA : 200
CLASS: 3P
VOLTAGE
SELECTI ON
BUS-1 PT /
BUS-2 PT
CORE-1
VA : 200
CLASS: 3P
315MVA, 400KV/220KV/33KV AT/F
315MVA, 400KV/220KV/33KV AT/F
RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT RELAY
RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT RELAY
C
E
DISPLAY
ACTIVE START TRIP
RADHD RADHD
333
333
400KV HV
BUSHI NG CT
CORE-1
CTR: 1000/1A
CLASS: PS
220KV LV
BUSHI NG CT
CORE-1
CTR: 1000/1A
CLASS: PS
P2 P2 P2
P2 P2 P2
333
NEUTRAL
BUSHI NG CT
CORE-1
CTR: 1000/ 1A
CLASS: PS
P1 P1 P1
P1 P1 P1
P2 P2 P2
P1 P1 P1
FOR RESTRICTED
EARTH FAULT
PROTECTION
AT/F BUSHING CTs
SECONDARIES ARE
CONNECTED IN
PARALLEL & TO
RELAY.
(SINGLE PHASE
HIGH IMPEDENCE
DIFFERENTIAL
RELAY IS USED)
315MVA, 400KV/220KV AT/F VOLAGE SELECTION
315MVA, 400KV/220KV AT/F VOLAGE SELECTION
FEEDER HAVING LINE CVTs &BUSES ARE HAVING BUS CVTs BUT AT/Fs ARE FEEDER HAVING LINE CVTs &BUSES ARE HAVING BUS CVTs BUT AT/Fs ARE
NOT HAVING CVTs. FOR TRANSFORMER PANEL, PT SUPPLY IS SELECTED AS NOT HAVING CVTs. FOR TRANSFORMER PANEL, PT SUPPLY IS SELECTED AS
PER SELECTION DESCRIBED BELOW FOR METERING AND PROTECTION, PER SELECTION DESCRIBED BELOW FOR METERING AND PROTECTION,
WHICH IS FIRST SELECTED . WHICH IS FIRST SELECTED .
BUS
BUS
-
-
1
1
CVT
CVT
If AT/F is feeding from Bus If AT/F is feeding from Bus- -1 and 1 1 and 1- -52CB & 2 52CB & 2- -52CB is closed. Then 52CB is closed. Then
Bus Bus- -1 CVT is selected and this supply is extended to Control & 1 CVT is selected and this supply is extended to Control &
Relay Panels for Auto Transformer. Relay Panels for Auto Transformer.
BUS
BUS
-
-
2
2
CVT
CVT
If AT/F is feeding from Bus If AT/F is feeding from Bus- -2 and 3 2 and 3- -52 CB is closed & 2 52 CB is closed & 2- -52CB is 52CB is
open. Then Bus open. Then Bus- -2 CVT is selected and this supply is extended to 2 CVT is selected and this supply is extended to
Control & Relay Panels for Auto Transformer. Control & Relay Panels for Auto Transformer.
LINE
LINE
CVT
CVT
If AT/F is feeding from Direct Line and 2 If AT/F is feeding from Direct Line and 2- -52CB is closed & 1 52CB is closed & 1- -52 CB 52 CB
& 3 & 3- -52 CB is open and 389T ISO is Closed . Then line CVT is 52 CB is open and 389T ISO is Closed . Then line CVT is
selected and this supply is extended to Control & Relay Panels f selected and this supply is extended to Control & Relay Panels for or
Auto Transformer. Auto Transformer.
1-52CB
2-52CB 3-52CB
BUS-1
BUS-2
LINE1
AT/F-1
MAIN
MAIN
-
-
1 & MAIN
1 & MAIN
-
-
2
2
PROTECTION FOR
PROTECTION FOR
SHUNT REACTOR
SHUNT REACTOR
ADOPTED IN
ADOPTED IN
ONE AND HALF
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
SCHEME
PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
BASICS OF SHUNT REACTOR
BASICS OF SHUNT REACTOR
1. 1. TYPES OF REACTORS : TYPES OF REACTORS :
A. BASED ON REACTOR CONNECTION A. BASED ON REACTOR CONNECTION
i. SHUNT REACTOR.
ii. SERIES REACTOR.
B. BASED ON REACTOR LOCATION B. BASED ON REACTOR LOCATION
i. BUS REACTOR
ii. LINE REACTOR
C. BASED ON CONTROL C. BASED ON CONTROL
i. 3-PH OIL IMMERSED REACTOR WITH GAPPED IRON CORE.
ii. THYRISTOR CONTROLLED REACTOR (STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR)
(APTRANSCO UTILISING SHUNT REACTORS FOR BUS & LINE IN 400KV NETW (APTRANSCO UTILISING SHUNT REACTORS FOR BUS & LINE IN 400KV NETWORK) ORK)
2. 2. NEED OF SHUNT REACTOR: NEED OF SHUNT REACTOR:
A. LINE REACTOR A. LINE REACTOR
SHUNT REACTORS ARE USED IN ORDER TO COMPENSATE FOR THE CAPACITIVE
SHUNT REACTANCE OF TRANSMISSION LINES. THE REACTOR IS CONNECTED
PARALLEL TO THE LINE. THE LOCATION OF REACTOR IS OUT GOING SIDE OF LINE i.e
AFTER CIRCUIT BREAKER. LENGTH OF LINE IS MORE THERE MAY BE VOLTAGE IS
RAISING DUE TO FARANTI EFFECT(CAPACITANCE ) DURING CHARGING. IN CASE OF
ZONE-2 (OPEN JUMPER) FAULT, THE FAULT CLEARED BY REMOTE END IS FAST, BUT
THIS END IT WILL TAKE TIME DELAY DUE TO ZONE-2. DURING THIS TIME, VOLTAGE
MAY RAISING. SO, LINE REACTOR IS USED FOR CONTROLLING THE SWITCHING OVER
VOLTAGES AND SAFEGUARD THE OPERATING EQUIPMENT. NORMALLY IT IS ALWAYS
IN SERVICE. NORMALLY BOTH ENDS LINE REACTORS ARE PROVIDED. THE
ELECTRICAL INTERLOCK IS PROVIDED THAT IF REACTOR ISOLATOR CLOSSED
POSITION ONLY WILL GIVE PERMIT TO CLOSE THE LINE ISOLATOR. SIMILARLY FOR
OPENING REACTOR ISOLATOR THE LINE ISOLATOR SHOULD BE IN OPEN POSITION.
B. BUS REACTOR B. BUS REACTOR
THE REACTOR IS CONNECTED PARALLEL TO THE BUS i.e LIKE A FEEDER/LINE.
DURING LIGHTLY LOADED CONDITIONS THERE MAY BE POSSIBULITY OF RAISING
BUS VOLTAGES. FOR SAFEGUARD THE OPERATING EQUIPMENT BUS REACTORS
ARE UTILISING. NORMALLY IT IS NOT IN SERVICE. WHENEVER THE VOLTAGE
RAISES TO 4%TO 5% MORE THAN THE RATED VOLTAGE THIS MAY BE KEPT IN
SERVICE AND 2% TO 3% LESS THAN THE RATED VOLTAGE THIS MAY BE KEPT OUT
OF SERVICE.
3. 3. SELECTION OF REACTOR SELECTION OF REACTOR
NORMALLY LINE REACTORS ARE PROVIDED IF THE LINE IS MORE OR EQUAL TO
250KM. IN APTRANSCO NETWORK MAXIMUM LENTH OF LINE IS 350KM. AS PER
SYSTEM STUDIES RECOMANDATIONS IF LINE LENGTH IS 250KM TO 300KM 50MVAR
REACTOR IS TO BE USED. IF MORE THAN 300KM 63MVAR REACTOR IS TO BE
USED.
NORMALLY BUS REACTORS ARE PROVIDED IF THE SUBSTATION BUS VOLTAGE IS
RAISING 5% MORE THAN THE RATED VOLTAGE DURING LIGHTLY LOADED
CONDITION. BASED ON THE SYSTEM STUDIES RECOMANDATIONS BUS REACTORS
ARE TO BE PROVIDED. CALCULATIONS ARE REQUIRED FOR PROVIDING BUS
REACTOR. IN THIS THERE IS NO STANDARDISATION.
4. 4. LOCATION OF REACTORS WITH CAPACITY IN APTRANSCO LOCATION OF REACTORS WITH CAPACITY IN APTRANSCO
1. 400KV KALAPAKA-KHAMMAM 1 AT BOTH ENDS 63MVAR
2. 400KV KALAPAKA-KHAMMAM 2 AT BOTH ENDS 63MVAR
1. 400KV KALAPAKA SS 2 X 50 MVAR
2. 400KV NUNNA SS(PGCIL BAYS) 1 x 63 MVAR
5. 5. PURPOSE OF SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION PURPOSE OF SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION
THE PURPOSE OF THE PROTECTION RELAYING IS TO DISCONNECT THE REACTOR AND
LIMIT DAMAGE IN CASE OF INTERNAL SHORT CIRCUITS, EARTH FAULTS, INTERTURN
FAULTS AND OVER VOLTAGE OR OVER LOAD.THE REACTOR FORMS CERTAIN
IMPEDENCE FOR RATED FREQUENCY, AND AS IT IS SHUNT CONNECTED, AS OVER LOAD
MAY BE CAUSED BY OVER VOLTAGE OR HARMONICS IN VOLTAGE AND CURRENT.
6. 6. PROTECTION DEVICES INBUILT OR MOUNTED ON REACTOR PROTECTION DEVICES INBUILT OR MOUNTED ON REACTOR
A. A. OIL IMMERSED REACTOR USUALLY HAVE A GAS DETECTOR AND OIL SURGE.
DETECTOR (BUCHHOLZ ALARAM & TRIP DEVICES), WHICH ARE EXCELLENT FOR
DETECTING INTERNAL FAULTS.
B. B. TEMPARATURE MONITORS FOR OIL & WINDING PROVIDE GOOD OVER LOAD
PROTECTION.
C. C. PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICE IS PROVIDED TO SAFE GUARD THE REACTOR FROM HIGH
PRESURES.
7. 7. REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
IT IS WIDELY USED AS INSTANTANEOUS PROTECTION FOR SHORT CIRCUIT FAULTS WITH
IN THE DIFFERENTIAL ZONE. THIS IS TREATED AS MAIN-1 PROT FOR REACTOR.
IT CAN BE OF HIGH IMPEDENCE TYPE OR OF A SENSITIVE CURRENT STABILISED TYPE.
HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION RELAYS REQUIRE AN EQUAL CT TURNS
RATIO ON THE PHASE AND NEUTRAL SIDE. SENSITIVITY IS 5% OF NOMINAL REACTOR CT
CURRENT.
8. 8. BACK BACK- -UP PROTECTION UP PROTECTION
A VARIETY OF RELAYS ARE AVAILABLE.
A. A. OVER CURRENT & EARTH FAULT PROTECTION. ( 50, 50N, 51, 51N, 67, 67N - ANY
COMBINATION OF THESE)
B. B. UNDER IMPEDENCE / DISTANCE ( Z<)(21R).
C. C. NEUTRAL DISPLACEMENT PROTECTION (Un>).
9. 9. RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION
IF, FOR SOME REASON, A SENSITIVE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION NOT CHOOSEN A
RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION CAN BE UTILISED.
SHUNT REACTOR (BUS & LINE)
(4CTS METHOD)
(4CTS METHOD)
LINE 1
1-89
1-89A
1 1- -52CB 52CB
1-CT
3
33
3-89
3-89A
3 3- -52CB 52CB
3-CT
3
2 2- -52CB 52CB
2-ACT 2-BCT
2-89A 2-89B
1-89L
BUS-1 BUS-2
P1
P1
P1
P1
P2
P2
P2 P2
U
U
U
LINE
SHUNT
REACTOR
1-89R
U
U
U
NEUTRAL
REACTOR
BUS
SHUNT
REACTOR
.
3-89R
U
U
U
U
.
IL
INTER LOCK FACILITY:
WHEN 1-89R CLOSES ONLY
PERMIT TO CLOSE 1-89L AND
1-89L OPENS ONLY
PERMIT TO OPEN 1-89R.
IL
(5CTS METHOD)
(5CTS METHOD)
1-89A
1 1- -52CB 52CB
1-CT
3
3
3-89
3-89A
3 3- -52CB 52CB
3-CT
3
2 2- -52CB 52CB
1-LCT
2-CT
2-89A 2-89B
1-89L
3-89R
BUS-1 BUS-2
3-RCT
1-89
P2
P1
P2
P2
P2
P1
P1
P2
P1
P1
LINE 1
1-89L
U
U
U
U
3
3
U
U
U
1-89R
U
U
U
1-RCT
3
P2
P1
LINE
SHUNT
REACTOR
NEUTRAL
REACTOR
BUS
SHUNT
REACTOR
.
.
IL
IL
INTER LOCK FACILITY:
WHEN 1-89R CLOSES ONLY
PERMIT TO CLOSE 1-89L AND
1-89L OPENS ONLY
PERMIT TO OPEN 1-89R.
SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION
PROTECTIONS PROTECTIONS 4 CT METHOD 4 CT METHOD 5 CT METHOD 5 CT METHOD
MAIN MAIN- -1 PROTECTION, 1 PROTECTION,
MAIN MAIN- -2 PROTECTION, 2 PROTECTION,
METERING, METERING,
BUSBAR & BUSBAR BUSBAR & BUSBAR
CHECKUP PROTECTION CHECKUP PROTECTION
AS USUAL IN 4CT METHOD AS USUAL IN 4CT METHOD AS USUAL IN 5CT METHOD AS USUAL IN 5CT METHOD
MAIN PROTECTION ( 87 R ) MAIN PROTECTION ( 87 R )
(DIFFERENTIAL (DIFFERENTIAL
PROTECTION) PROTECTION)
HV BUSHING CT CORE HV BUSHING CT CORE- -1 & NEUTRAL 1 & NEUTRAL
BUSHING CT CORE BUSHING CT CORE- -3 OF LINE SHUNT 3 OF LINE SHUNT
REACTOR IS CONNECTED TO 3 REACTOR IS CONNECTED TO 3- -PH PH
HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL
RELAY. RELAY.
BUSHING CT CORE BUSHING CT CORE- -3 OF LINE SHUNT 3 OF LINE SHUNT
RELAY. RELAY.
BACK UP PROTECTION(21R) BACK UP PROTECTION(21R)
( SINGLE STEP REACTOR ( SINGLE STEP REACTOR
IMPEDENCE PROTECTION ) IMPEDENCE PROTECTION )
HV BUSHING CT CORE HV BUSHING CT CORE- -3 & SELECTED 3 & SELECTED
CVT IS CONNECTED TO SINGLE STEP CVT IS CONNECTED TO SINGLE STEP
REACTOR IMPEDENCE RELAY. REACTOR IMPEDENCE RELAY.
1 1- -RCT CORE RCT CORE- -5 & SELECTED CVT IS 5 & SELECTED CVT IS
CONNECTED TO SINGLE STEP CONNECTED TO SINGLE STEP
RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT
PROTECTION (64 R ) PROTECTION (64 R )
REACTOR EARTH BUSHING CT CORE REACTOR EARTH BUSHING CT CORE- -
1.2 OF LINE SHUNT REACTOR IS 1.2 OF LINE SHUNT REACTOR IS
CONNECTED TO 1 CONNECTED TO 1- -PH HIGH PH HIGH
IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL
RELAY(REF). RELAY(REF).
REACTOR EARTH BUSHING CT REACTOR EARTH BUSHING CT
CORE CORE- -1.2 OF LINE SHUNT REACTOR 1.2 OF LINE SHUNT REACTOR
IS CONNECTED TO 1 IS CONNECTED TO 1- -PH HIGH PH HIGH
IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL
METERING METERING NEUTRAL BUSHING CT CORE NEUTRAL BUSHING CT CORE- -1 IS 1 IS
CONNECTED TO REACTOR CONNECTED TO REACTOR
METERING METERING
NEUTRAL BUSHING CT CORE NEUTRAL BUSHING CT CORE- -1 IS 1 IS
CONNECTED TO REACTOR CONNECTED TO REACTOR
METERING METERING
LINE SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION LINE SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION
LINE PROTECTION LINE PROTECTION
PROTECTIONS PROTECTIONS 4 CT METHOD 4 CT METHOD 5 CT METHOD 5 CT METHOD
BUS SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION BUS SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION
MAIN PROTECTION (87 R) MAIN PROTECTION (87 R)
(DIFFERENTIALPROTECTION) (DIFFERENTIALPROTECTION)
BACK UP PROTECTION (21R ) BACK UP PROTECTION (21R )
( SINGLE STEP REACTOR ( SINGLE STEP REACTOR
IMPEDENCE PROTECTION ) IMPEDENCE PROTECTION )
RISTRICTED EARTH FAULT RISTRICTED EARTH FAULT
PROTECTION ( 64 R ) PROTECTION ( 64 R )
SPECIAL PROTECTION SPECIAL PROTECTION
LINE SHUNT REACTOR LINE SHUNT REACTOR
BUS SHUNT REACTOR BUS SHUNT REACTOR
CVT SELECTION CVT SELECTION
HV BUSHING CT CORE HV BUSHING CT CORE- -1 & EARTH 1 & EARTH
BUSHING CT CORE BUSHING CT CORE- -3 OF BUS 3 OF BUS
SHUNT REACTOR IS CONNECTED SHUNT REACTOR IS CONNECTED
TO 3 TO 3- -PH HIGH IMPEDENCE PH HIGH IMPEDENCE
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY. DIFFERENTIAL RELAY.
BUSHING CT CORE BUSHING CT CORE- -3 OF BUS SHUNT 3 OF BUS SHUNT
RELAY. RELAY.
3 3- -CT CORE CT CORE- -5 & 2 5 & 2- -ACT CORE ACT CORE- -5 5
SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED
PARALLEL & SELECTED CVT IS PARALLEL & SELECTED CVT IS
BUSHING CT CORE BUSHING CT CORE- -2 OF BUS SHUNT 2 OF BUS SHUNT
STUB PROTECTION STUB PROTECTION
___ ___
3 3- -RCT CORE RCT CORE- -5 & SELECTED CVT IS 5 & SELECTED CVT IS
BUSHING CT CORE BUSHING CT CORE- -2 OF BUS 2 OF BUS
SHUNT REACTOR IS CONNECTED SHUNT REACTOR IS CONNECTED
TO 1 TO 1- -PH HIGH IMPEDENCE PH HIGH IMPEDENCE
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY(REF). DIFFERENTIAL RELAY(REF).
TEED TEED- -1 1: : 1 1- -CT, 2 CT, 2- -CT, 1 CT, 1- -LCT & 1 LCT & 1- -RCT RCT
TEED TEED- -2 2: : 1 1- -CT, 2 CT, 2- -CT, 1 CT, 1- -LCT & 1 LCT & 1- -RCT RCT
TEED TEED- -1 1: : 3 3- -CT, 2 CT, 2- -CT & 3 CT & 3- -RCT RCT
TEED TEED- -2 2: : 3 3- -CT, 2 CT, 2- -CT & 3 CT & 3- -RCT RCT
LINE SHUNT REACTOR: LINE SHUNT REACTOR: ACCORDING ACCORDING
TO ISOLATORS & BREAKERS TO ISOLATORS & BREAKERS
POSITION BUS POSITION BUS- -1/ BUS 1/ BUS- -2/ LINE CVT 2/ LINE CVT
WILL BE SELECTED. WILL BE SELECTED.
BUS SHUNT REACTOR: BUS SHUNT REACTOR:
ACCORDING TO ISOLATORS & ACCORDING TO ISOLATORS &
BREAKERS POSITION BUS BREAKERS POSITION BUS- -1/ 1/
BUS BUS- -2 CVT WILL BE SELECTED. 2 CVT WILL BE SELECTED.
REACTOR BUSHING CT CONNECTIONS
REACTOR BUSHING CT CONNECTIONS
LINE SHUNT REACTOR LINE SHUNT REACTOR BUS SHUNT REACTOR BUS SHUNT REACTOR
NEUTRAL (STAR POINT SIDE) BUSHING CTs NEUTRAL (STAR POINT SIDE) BUSHING CTs
CORE CORE- -1 1 METERING METERING METERING METERING METERING METERING METERING METERING
NEUTRAL REACTOR (MAIN REACTOR STAR POINT SIDE) BUSHING CTs NEUTRAL REACTOR (MAIN REACTOR STAR POINT SIDE) BUSHING CTs
CORE CORE- -1.1 1.1 SPARE SPARE SPARE SPARE
* *NOTE: NOTE: NORMALLY CORE NORMALLY CORE- -3 IS USED FOR REACTOR 3 IS USED FOR REACTOR
IMPEDENCE PROTECTION. HERE IN 3 CASES WE ARE IMPEDENCE PROTECTION. HERE IN 3 CASES WE ARE
NOT UTILISED THE CORE NOT UTILISED THE CORE- -3 FOR REACTOR 3 FOR REACTOR
IMPEDENCE PROTECTION. IN THESE 3 CASES IMPEDENCE PROTECTION. IN THESE 3 CASES
OUTDOOR CTs ARE AVAILABLE. CORE OUTDOOR CTs ARE AVAILABLE. CORE- -5 OF THESE 5 OF THESE
CTs ARE UTILISING FOR REACTOR IMPEDENCE CTs ARE UTILISING FOR REACTOR IMPEDENCE
PROTECTION. SO, FOR REACTOR IMPEDENCE PROTECTION. SO, FOR REACTOR IMPEDENCE
PROTECTION EITHER CORE PROTECTION EITHER CORE- -3 OF HV BUSHING CT OR 3 OF HV BUSHING CT OR
CORE CORE- -5 OF EXTERNAL CT MAY BE UTILISED. 5 OF EXTERNAL CT MAY BE UTILISED.
NEUTRAL REACTOR (EARTH POINT SIDE) BUSHING CTs
NEUTRAL REACTOR (EARTH POINT SIDE) BUSHING CTs
CORE CORE- -1.2 1.2
RESTRICTED EARTH RESTRICTED EARTH
FAULT PROTECTION FAULT PROTECTION
CORE CORE- -2 2 SPARE SPARE SPARE SPARE
CORE CORE- -3 3
REACTOR HIGH REACTOR HIGH
IMPEDENCE IMPEDENCE
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
IMPEDENCE IMPEDENCE
IMPEDENCE IMPEDENCE
IMPEDENCE IMPEDENCE
CORES CORES
4 CT METHOD 4 CT METHOD 5 CT METHOD 5 CT METHOD 4 CT METHOD 4 CT METHOD 5 CT METHOD 5 CT METHOD
HV (400KV SIDE) BUSHING CTs HV (400KV SIDE) BUSHING CTs
CORE CORE- -1 1
IMPEDENCE IMPEDENCE
IMPEDENCE IMPEDENCE
IMPEDENCE IMPEDENCE
IMPEDENCE IMPEDENCE
CORE CORE- -2 2
CORE CORE- -3 3* *
REACTOR IMPEDENCE REACTOR IMPEDENCE
SPARE SPARE SPARE SPARE SPARE SPARE
3
3
3
C
O
R
E
S
3
2
1
.
P1
.
P2
200/ 1A 200/ 1A
P2
LINESHUNT
REACTOR
NEUTRAL REACTOR
U
U
U
U
U
U
3
3
3
C
O
R
E
S
3
2
1
P1
200/ 1A 200/ 1A
.
.
HV BUSHING
(400KV SIDE) CTs
NEUTRAL BUSHING
(STAR PONT SIDE)
CTs
3
CORE 1.1
.
.
P1
P2
P2
P1
3
CORE 1.2
.
LINE SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION
(
(
4CTs METHOD)
4CTs METHOD)
.
200/ 1A 200/ 1A
200/ 1A 200/ 1A
REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
RESTRICTED EARTHFAULT PROTECTION RESTRICTED EARTHFAULT PROTECTION
REACTOR IMPEDENCE PROTECTION REACTOR IMPEDENCE PROTECTION
REACTOR METERING REACTOR METERING
SELECTED SELECTED
BUS BUS- -1/ BUS 1/ BUS- -2/ LINE 2/ LINE
CVT VOLTAGE CVT VOLTAGE
.
.
3
3
3
C
O
R
E
S
3
2
1
.
P1
.
P2
200/ 1A 200/ 1A
P2
LINESHUNT
REACTOR
NEUTRAL REACTOR
U
U
U
U
U
U
3
3
3
C
O
R
E
S
3
2
1
P1
200/ 1A 200/ 1A
.
.
HV BUSHING
(400KV SIDE) CTs
NEUTRAL BUSHING
(STAR PONT SIDE)
CTs
3
CORE 1.1
.
.
P1
P2
P2
P1
3
CORE 1.2
.
(
(
5CTs METHOD)
5CTs METHOD)
.
200/ 1A 200/ 1A
200/ 1A 200/ 1A
REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
RESTRICTED EARTHFAULT PROTECTION RESTRICTED EARTHFAULT PROTECTION
REACTOR METERING REACTOR METERING
SELECTED SELECTED
BUS BUS- -1/ BUS 1/ BUS- -2/ LINE 2/ LINE
TEE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION TEE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION- -1 1
333 3
3
CORES
5 4 3 2 1
CORE CORE- -1: 2000 1: 2000- -1000 1000- -500 500/1 /1
CORE CORE- -2: 2000 2: 2000- -1000 1000- -500 500/1 /1
CORE CORE- -3: 2000 3: 2000- -1000 1000- -500/1 500/1
CORE CORE- -4: 2000 4: 2000- -1000 1000- -500/1 500/1
CORE CORE- -5: 2000 5: 2000- -1000 1000- -500/1 500/1
1-89R
1 1- -RCT RCT
.
TEE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION TEE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION- -2 2
2 2- -CT CT
CORE CORE- -4 4
1 1- -CT CT
CORE CORE- -4 4
1 1- -LCT LCT
CORE CORE- -2 2
1 1- -LCT CORE LCT CORE- -1 1
1 1- -CT CORE CT CORE- -5 5
2 2- -CT CORE CT CORE- -5 5
.
P1
.
P2
.
.
3-89
3-89A
3 3- -52CB 52CB
2 2- -52CB 52CB
2-89B
3-89R
BUS-2
3 3 33
3
CORES
1 2 3 4 5
3
3
3
3
3
C
O
R
E
S
5
4
3
2
1
P1
P2
2A-CT
3-CT
P1
P2
B
U
S

B
A
R

P
R
O
T
E
C
T
I
O
N
B
U
S

B
A
R

P
R
O
T
E
C
T
I
O
N
B
U
S
B
A
R

C
H
E
C
K
U
P

P
R
O
T
B
U
S
B
A
R

C
H
E
C
K
U
P

P
R
O
T
R
E
A
C
T
O
R

D
I
F
F
E
R
E
N
T
I
A
L

P
R
O
T
E
C
T
I
O
N
R
E
A
C
T
O
R

D
I
F
F
E
R
E
N
T
I
A
L

P
R
O
T
E
C
T
I
O
N
BUS SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION
(
(
4CTs METHOD)
4CTs METHOD)
P1
P2
200/ 1A 200/ 1A
P2
BUS SHUNT REACTOR
UU U
3 3
3
CORES
1 2 3
P1
200/ 1A 200/ 1A
.
.
HV BUSHING CTs
(400KV SIDE)
NEUTRAL BUSHING CTs
(STAR PONT SIDE)
3 3
3
CORES
1 2 3
. .
.
SELECTED SELECTED
BUS BUS- -1/ BUS 1/ BUS- -2 2
R
E
S
T
R
I
C
T
E
D

E
A
R
T
H
F
A
U
L
T

P
R
O
T
E
C
T
I
O
N
R
E
S
T
R
I
C
T
E
D

E
A
R
T
H
F
A
U
L
T

P
R
O
T
E
C
T
I
O
N
.
.
R
E
A
C
T
O
R

M
E
T
E
R
I
N
G
R
E
A
C
T
O
R

M
E
T
E
R
I
N
G
( (5CTs METHOD) 5CTs METHOD)
3-89
3-89A
3 3- -52CB 52CB
2 2- -52CB 52CB
2-89B
3-89R
BUS-2
3-CT
P1
P2
3 3 3
3
3
CORES
1 2 3 4 5
2-CT P1 P2
3
3
3
3
3
C
O
R
E
S
1
2
3
4
5
3R-CT
P1
P2
T
E
E
D
T
E
E
D
- -
2

P
R
O
T

(
B
A
Y

2
&
3
)
2

P
R
O
T

(
B
A
Y

2
&
3
)
T
E
E
D
T
E
E
D
- -
1

P
R
O
T

(
B
A
Y

2
&
3
)
1

P
R
O
T

(
B
A
Y

2
&
3
)
.
B
U
S

B
A
R

P
R
O
T
E
C
T
I
O
N
B
U
S

B
A
R

P
R
O
T
E
C
T
I
O
N
B
U
S
B
A
R

C
H
E
C
K
U
P

P
R
O
T
B
U
S
B
A
R

C
H
E
C
K
U
P

P
R
O
T
3
3
3
3
3
C
O
R
E
S
1
2
3
4
5
.
P1
P2 P2
BUS SHUNT REACTOR
UU U
3 3
3
CORES
1 2 3
P1
200/ 1A 200/ 1A
.
.
HV BUSHING CTs
(400KV SIDE)
NEUTRAL BUSHING CTs
(STAR PONT SIDE)
3 3
3
CORES
1 2 3
. .
200/ 1A 200/ 1A
T
E
E
D
T
E
E
D
- -
2

P
R
O
T

(
B
A
Y

1
&
2
)
2

P
R
O
T

(
B
A
Y

1
&
2
)
T
E
E
D
T
E
E
D
- -
1

P
R
O
T

(
B
A
Y

1
&
2
)
1

P
R
O
T

(
B
A
Y

1
&
2
)
R
E
A
C
T
O
R

D
I
F
F
E
R
E
N
T
I
A
L

P
R
O
T
E
C
T
I
O
N
R
E
A
C
T
O
R

D
I
F
F
E
R
E
N
T
I
A
L

P
R
O
T
E
C
T
I
O
N
R
E
A
C
T
O
R

I
M
P
E
D
E
N
C
E

P
R
O
T
E
C
T
I
O
N
R
E
A
C
T
O
R

I
M
P
E
D
E
N
C
E

P
R
O
T
E
C
T
I
O
N
R
E
S
T
R
I
C
T
E
D

E
A
R
T
H
F
A
U
L
T

P
R
O
T
E
C
T
I
O
N
R
E
S
T
R
I
C
T
E
D

E
A
R
T
H
F
A
U
L
T

P
R
O
T
E
C
T
I
O
N
R
E
A
C
T
O
R

M
E
T
E
R
I
N
G
R
E
A
C
T
O
R

M
E
T
E
R
I
N
G
SELECTED SELECTED
BUS BUS- -1/ BUS 1/ BUS- -2 2
.
.
CARRIER INTERTRIPPING OF LINE SHUNT REACTOR
CARRIER INTERTRIPPING OF LINE SHUNT REACTOR
LINE SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION TRIPPINGS WILL BE USED AS DIRECT T LINE SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION TRIPPINGS WILL BE USED AS DIRECT TRIPPINGS OF LINE IN RIPPINGS OF LINE IN
ADDITION TO OTHER TRIPPINGS. BUS SHUNT REACTOR NEED NOT REQUIRE ADDITION TO OTHER TRIPPINGS. BUS SHUNT REACTOR NEED NOT REQUIRE CARRIER INTER CARRIER INTER
TRIPPING FACILITY. TRIPPING FACILITY.
87R REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
21R REACTOR IMPEDENCE RELAY
64R RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT RELAY
ABB ABB
NSD 50 NSD 50
DC +VE
FROM PANEL
G4AD V9LC 2
DC VE FROM PANEL
G4AD V9LC 1
LINE PROTECTION
COUPLER PANEL-1
ABB ABB
NSD 50 NSD 50
DC +VE
FROM PANEL
G4AD V9LC 2
DC VE FROM PANEL G4AD V9LC 1
LINE PROTECTION
COUPLER PANEL-2
RADHA
RAKZB
RADHD
REACTORS INTERNAL FAULTS
87R REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
21R REACTOR IMPEDENCE RELAY
64R RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT RELAY
RADHA
RAKZB
RADHD
REACTORS INTERNAL FAULTS
GROUP-1/A TRIPPINGS
GROUP-2/B TRIPPINGS
ADDITIONAL AND
ADDITIONAL AND
SPECIAL FUNCTIONS
SPECIAL FUNCTIONS
ADOPTED IN
ADOPTED IN
ONE AND HALF
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
SCHEME
(EVENT LOGGER & DISTURBANCE
(EVENT LOGGER & DISTURBANCE
RECORDER)
RECORDER)
PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
400KV SUBSTATION: MAMIDIPALLY 400KV SUBSTATION: MAMIDIPALLY EVENT LOGGER EVENTS INFORMATION EVENT LOGGER EVENTS INFORMATION
19 MAR 2004 13:00:00 19 MAR 2004 13:00:00
A 13:09:37.090 # 195 400KV SRISAILAM A 13:09:37.090 # 195 400KV SRISAILAM- -2 MAIN 2 MAIN- -2 RAZFE PROT TRIP 2 RAZFE PROT TRIP
A 13:09:37.096 # 188 400KV SRISAILAM A 13:09:37.096 # 188 400KV SRISAILAM- -2 MAIN 2 MAIN- -1 REL100 PROT START 1 REL100 PROT START Y Y
A 13:09:37.097 # 187 400KV SRISAILAM A 13:09:37.097 # 187 400KV SRISAILAM- -2 MAIN 2 MAIN- -1 REL100 PROT START 1 REL100 PROT START R R
A 13:09:37.100 # 181 400KV SRISAILAM A 13:09:37.100 # 181 400KV SRISAILAM- -2 MAIN 2 MAIN- -1 REL100 PROT TRIP 1 REL100 PROT TRIP
A 13:09:37.104 # 162 400KV SRISAILAM A 13:09:37.104 # 162 400KV SRISAILAM- -2 MAIN CB 752 Y 2 MAIN CB 752 Y- -PH OPEN PH OPEN
A 13:09:37.110 # 196 400KV SRISAILAM A 13:09:37.110 # 196 400KV SRISAILAM- -2 MAIN 2 MAIN- -2 RAZFE CARRIER SEND 2 RAZFE CARRIER SEND
A 13:09:37.110 # 170 400KV SRISAILAM A 13:09:37.110 # 170 400KV SRISAILAM- -2 AT/F 2 AT/F- -2 TIE CB 852 B 2 TIE CB 852 B- -PH OPEN PH OPEN
A 13:09:37.111 # 161 400KV SRISAILAM A 13:09:37.111 # 161 400KV SRISAILAM- -2 MAIN CB 752 R 2 MAIN CB 752 R- -PH OPEN PH OPEN
A 13:09:37.111 # 163 400KV SRISAILAM A 13:09:37.111 # 163 400KV SRISAILAM- -2 MAIN CB 752 B 2 MAIN CB 752 B- -PH OPEN PH OPEN
A 13:09:37.111 # 169 400KV SRISAILAM A 13:09:37.111 # 169 400KV SRISAILAM- -2 AT/F 2 AT/F- -2 TIE CB 852 Y 2 TIE CB 852 Y- -PH OPEN PH OPEN
A 13:09:37.112 # 168 400KV SRISAILAM A 13:09:37.112 # 168 400KV SRISAILAM- -2 AT/F 2 AT/F- -2 TIE CB 852 R 2 TIE CB 852 R- -PH OPEN PH OPEN
A 13:09:37.113 # 182 400KV SRISAILAM A 13:09:37.113 # 182 400KV SRISAILAM- -2 MAIN 2 MAIN- -1 REL100 CARRIER SEND 1 REL100 CARRIER SEND
A 13:09:37.126 # 199 400KV SRISAILAM A 13:09:37.126 # 199 400KV SRISAILAM- -2 CARRIER PROT CH 2 CARRIER PROT CH- -2 RECEIVED 2 RECEIVED
A 13:09:37.140 # 185 400KV SRISAILAM A 13:09:37.140 # 185 400KV SRISAILAM- -2 CARRIER PROT CH 2 CARRIER PROT CH- -1 RECEIVED 1 RECEIVED
N 13:09:37.147 # 195 400KV SRISAILAM N 13:09:37.147 # 195 400KV SRISAILAM- -2 MAIN 2 MAIN- -2 RAZFE PROT TRIP RESET 2 RAZFE PROT TRIP RESET
N 13:09:37.148 # 196 400KV SRISAILAM N 13:09:37.148 # 196 400KV SRISAILAM- -2 MAIN 2 MAIN- -2 RAZFE CARRIER SEND RESET 2 RAZFE CARRIER SEND RESET
N 13:09:37.175 # 187 400KV SRISAILAM N 13:09:37.175 # 187 400KV SRISAILAM- -2 MAIN 2 MAIN- -1 REL100 START 1 REL100 START R R RESET RESET
N 13:09:37.176 # 181 400KV SRISAILAM N 13:09:37.176 # 181 400KV SRISAILAM- -2 MAIN 2 MAIN- -1 REL100 PROT TRIP RESET 1 REL100 PROT TRIP RESET
N 13:09:37.176 # 188 400KV SRISAILAM N 13:09:37.176 # 188 400KV SRISAILAM- -2 MAIN 2 MAIN- -1 REL100 START 1 REL100 START Y Y RESET RESET
N 13:09:37.185 # 182 400KV SRISAILAM N 13:09:37.185 # 182 400KV SRISAILAM- -2 MAIN 2 MAIN- -1 REL100 CARRIER SEND RESET 1 REL100 CARRIER SEND RESET
N 13:09:37.257 # 199 400KV SRISAILAM N 13:09:37.257 # 199 400KV SRISAILAM- -2 CARRIER PROT CH 2 CARRIER PROT CH- -2 RECEIVED RESET 2 RECEIVED RESET
N 13:09:37.279 # 185 400KV SRISAILAM N 13:09:37.279 # 185 400KV SRISAILAM- -2 CARRIER PROT CH 2 CARRIER PROT CH- -1 RECEIVED RESET 1 RECEIVED RESET
19 MAR 2004 14:00:00 19 MAR 2004 14:00:00
N 14:09:48.702 # 163 400KV SRISAILAM N 14:09:48.702 # 163 400KV SRISAILAM- -2 MAIN CB 752 B 2 MAIN CB 752 B- -PH CLOSE PH CLOSE
N 14:09:48.704 # 161 400KV SRISAILAM N 14:09:48.704 # 161 400KV SRISAILAM- -2 MAIN CB 752 R 2 MAIN CB 752 R- -PH CLOSE PH CLOSE
N 14:09:48.720 # 162 400KV SRISAILAM N 14:09:48.720 # 162 400KV SRISAILAM- -2 MAIN CB 752 Y 2 MAIN CB 752 Y- -PH CLOSE PH CLOSE
N 14:10:00.903 # 169 400KV SRISAILAM N 14:10:00.903 # 169 400KV SRISAILAM- -2 AT/F 2 AT/F- -2 TIE CB 852 Y 2 TIE CB 852 Y- -PH CLOSE PH CLOSE
N 14:10:00.907 # 168 400KV SRISAILAM N 14:10:00.907 # 168 400KV SRISAILAM- -2 AT/F 2 AT/F- -2 TIE CB 852 R 2 TIE CB 852 R- -PH CLOSE PH CLOSE
N 14:10:00.907 # 170 400KV SRISAILAM N 14:10:00.907 # 170 400KV SRISAILAM- -2 AT/F 2 AT/F- -2 TIE CB 852 B 2 TIE CB 852 B- -PH CLOSE PH CLOSE
19 MAR 2004 15:00:00 19 MAR 2004 15:00:00
R PH VOLTAGE
Y PH VOLTAGE
B PH VOLTAGE
OPEN DELTA VOLTAGE
R PH CURRENT
Y PH CURRENT
B PH CURRENT
STAR/NEUTRAL CURRENT
MAIN CB R PH OPEN
MAIN CB Y PH OPEN
MAIN CB B PH OPEN
TIE CB R PH OPEN
TIE CB Y PH OPEN
TIE CB B PH OPEN
MAIN/TIE CB LBB OPTD
DIRECT TRIP CH-1/2 OPTD
BUSBAR PROT OPTD
MAIN-1 PROT OPTD
MAIN-2 PROT OPTD
OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-1/2 OPTD
STUB PROT-1/2 OPTD
MAIN-1 PROT CARRIER RECEIVE
MAIN-2 PROT CARRIER RECEIVE
DF/DT OPTD
EVENT NO
NAME OF FEEDER
DATE & TIME
D
I
S
T
U
R
B
A
N
C
E

R
E
C
O
R
D
E
R
D
I
S
T
U
R
B
A
N
C
E

R
E
C
O
R
D
E
R
I SOLATOR
I SOLATOR
I NTERLOCKS
I NTERLOCKS
EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT- -1 1 EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT- -2 2 EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT- -3 3 EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT- -4 4
INTERLOCKS REQUIRED FOR CONCERNED ISOLATOR / EARTH SWITCH OPEN O INTERLOCKS REQUIRED FOR CONCERNED ISOLATOR / EARTH SWITCH OPEN OR CLOSE R CLOSE
BAY BAY - - 1 1
1 1 1 1 - - 89 89 ISO ISO BB189 E BB189 E O O 189 AE 189 AE O O 189 E 189 E O O 152 CB 152 CB O O
BAY BAY - - 2 2
BAY BAY - - 3 3
S.NO S.NO
ISOLATOR ISOLATOR
OPEN/CLOSE OPEN/CLOSE
2 2 1 1 89 E 89 E ES ES 189 A 189 A O O 189 189 O O -- -- - - -- -- - -
3 3 1 1 89 A 89 A ISO ISO 189 AE 189 AE O O 189 E 189 E O O 152 CB 152 CB O O -- -- - -
4 4 1 1 89 AE 89 AE ES ES 189 A 189 A O O 189 189 O O -- -- - - -- -- - -
5 5 1 1 89 L 89 L ISO ISO 189 LE 189 LE O O 152 CB 152 CB O O 252 CB 252 CB O O -- -- - -
6 6 1 1 89 LE 89 LE ES ES 189 L 189 L O O UV RELAY UV RELAY A A -- -- - - -- -- - -
7 7 2 2 89 A 89 A ISO ISO 289 BE 289 BE O O 289 AE 289 AE O O 252 CB 252 CB O O -- -- - -
8 8 2 2 89 AE 89 AE ES ES 289 B 289 B O O 289 A 289 A O O -- -- - - -- -- - -
9 9 2 2 89 B 89 B ISO ISO 289 BE 289 BE O O 289 AE 289 AE O O 252 CB 252 CB O O -- -- - -
10 10 2 2 89 BE 89 BE ES ES 289 B 289 B O O 289 A 289 A O O -- -- - - -- -- - -
11 11 3 3 89 89 ISO ISO BB289 E BB289 E O O 389 AE 389 AE O O 389 E 389 E O O 352 CB 352 CB O O
12 12 3 3 89 E 89 E ES ES 389 A 389 A O O 389 389 O O -- -- - - -- -- - -
13 13 3 3 89 A 89 A ISO ISO 389 AE 389 AE O O 389 E 389 E O O 352 CB 352 CB O O -- -- - -
14 14 3 3 89 AE 89 AE ES ES 389 A 389 A O O 389 389 O O -- -- - - -- -- - -
15 15 3 3 89 T 89 T ISO ISO LV89 E2 LV89 E2 O O 389 TE 389 TE O O 252 CB 252 CB O O 352 CB 352 CB O O
16 16 3 3 89 TE 89 TE ES ES 389 T 389 T O O LV89 T LV89 T O O -- -- - - -- -- - -
NOTE: NOTE: All Earth Switches All Earth Switches
in the Bay are towards in the Bay are towards
Circuit Breaker side only. Circuit Breaker side only.
The Line and Transformer The Line and Transformer
Earth Switches are towards Earth Switches are towards
Line & Transformer. Line & Transformer.
O: OPEN O: OPEN
C: CLOSE C: CLOSE
A: ACTED A: ACTED
BB189E : BUSBAR BB189E : BUSBAR- -1 EARTH SWITCH . 1 EARTH SWITCH .
BB289E : BUSBAR BB289E : BUSBAR- -2EARTH SWITCH . 2EARTH SWITCH .
UV RELAY: UNDER VOLTAGE RELAY. UV RELAY: UNDER VOLTAGE RELAY.
LIST OF PANELS
LIST OF PANELS
ADOPTED IN
ADOPTED IN
ONE AND HALF
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
SCHEME
PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
LIST OF PANELS
LIST OF PANELS
1. CONTROL PANEL FOR LINE & AT/F (ICT)
1. CONTROL PANEL FOR LINE & AT/F (ICT)
CP
CP
2. 400KV LINE CB RELAY PANEL
2. 400KV LINE CB RELAY PANEL
RLA
RLA
3. 400KV LINE PROTECTION PANEL
3. 400KV LINE PROTECTION PANEL
RLB
RLB
4. 400KV TIE CB RELAY PANEL
4. 400KV TIE CB RELAY PANEL
RTB
RTB
5. 400KV AT/F(ICT) CB RELAY PANEL
RTRA
RTRA
6. 315MVA AT/F(ICT) PROTECTION PANEL
FOR HV (400KV SIDE)
FOR HV (400KV SIDE)
RTRB
RTRB
FOR LV
FOR LV
RTRC
RTRC
RTRD
RTRD
9. CONTROL PANEL FOR AT/F LV
9. CONTROL PANEL FOR AT/F LV
-
-
KT
KT
CONTROL PANEL
CONTROL PANEL
CP/KT
CP/KT
1.
1.
IT IS HAVING PANEL METERS i.e AMMETER,
IT IS HAVING PANEL METERS i.e AMMETER,
VOLTMETER, MW METER, MVAR METER.(NOW
VOLTMETER, MW METER, MVAR METER.(NOW
MULTIFUNCTION PANEL METERS ARE AVAILABLE).
MULTIFUNCTION PANEL METERS ARE AVAILABLE).
2.
2.
ANNOUNCIATION FACIA FOR PROBLEMS, ALARMS
ANNOUNCIATION FACIA FOR PROBLEMS, ALARMS
ENCOUNTERED.(NOW MICROPROCESSOR BASED
ENCOUNTERED.(NOW MICROPROCESSOR BASED
ANNOUNCIATION FACIA IS AVAILABLE).
ANNOUNCIATION FACIA IS AVAILABLE).
3.
3.
INDICATING LAMPS FOR RELAYS HEATHINESS &
INDICATING LAMPS FOR RELAYS HEATHINESS &
INTERLOCKS.
INTERLOCKS.
4.
4.
TNC SWITCHES FOR CIRCUIT BREAKER/ ISOLATOR
TNC SWITCHES FOR CIRCUIT BREAKER/ ISOLATOR
FOR MANUAL TRIP/CLOSE OPERATION.
FOR MANUAL TRIP/CLOSE OPERATION.
5.
5.
PANEL INDICATING LAMPS FOR CIRCUIT BREAKER/
PANEL INDICATING LAMPS FOR CIRCUIT BREAKER/
ISOLATOR POSITION
ISOLATOR POSITION
i.e CLOSE/OPEN.
i.e CLOSE/OPEN.
6.
6.
SYMAPHORES FOR EARTH SWITCHES POSITION
SYMAPHORES FOR EARTH SWITCHES POSITION
i.e CLOSE/OPEN.
i.e CLOSE/OPEN.
7.
7.
SYNCHOROSCOPE SOCKETS ONE No FOR EACH
SYNCHOROSCOPE SOCKETS ONE No FOR EACH
CIRCUIT BREAKER UTILISED AT THE TIME OF
CIRCUIT BREAKER UTILISED AT THE TIME OF
CLOSING.
CLOSING.
8.
8.
ENERGY METERS.
ENERGY METERS.
400KV LINE CB RELAY PANEL
400KV LINE CB RELAY PANEL
-
-
RLA
RLA
1. 1. ANNOUNCIATION RELAYS. ANNOUNCIATION RELAYS.
2. 2. AUTO RECLOUSER WITH CHECK SYNCHRONISING RELAY AUTO RECLOUSER WITH CHECK SYNCHRONISING RELAY
(79 A/R + 25). (79 A/R + 25).
3. 3. MASTER TRIP RELAY GR MASTER TRIP RELAY GR- -A( 86 A( 86- -A WITH 3 Nos 1PH TRIP RELAYS, A WITH 3 Nos 1PH TRIP RELAYS,
1No 3PH TRIP RELAYS, 1No PUSH BUTTON FOR RESET & HEALTHY 1No 3PH TRIP RELAYS, 1No PUSH BUTTON FOR RESET & HEALTHY
SUPERVISION). SUPERVISION).
4. 4. MASTER TRIP RELAY GR MASTER TRIP RELAY GR- -B( 86 B( 86- -B WITH 3 Nos 1PH TRIP RELAYS, B WITH 3 Nos 1PH TRIP RELAYS,
5. 5. DC SOURCE DC SOURCE- -1 (GR 1 (GR- -A) HEALTHINESS. A) HEALTHINESS.
6. 6. DC SOURCE DC SOURCE- -2 (GR 2 (GR- -B) HEALTHINESS. B) HEALTHINESS.
7. 7. TRIP CIRCUIT TRIP CIRCUIT- -1 SUPERVISION RELAYS FOR MAIN CB (152CB) 1 SUPERVISION RELAYS FOR MAIN CB (152CB)
FOR 3 PHASES. FOR 3 PHASES.
9. 9. DIRECT TRIP CHANNEL DIRECT TRIP CHANNEL 1/ 2 RECEIVED RELAYS & FLAG RELAYS. 1/ 2 RECEIVED RELAYS & FLAG RELAYS.
10. 10. LOCAL BREAKER BACKUP/ BREAKER FAILURE RELAY ( 50 LBB) LOCAL BREAKER BACKUP/ BREAKER FAILURE RELAY ( 50 LBB)
FOR MAIN CB(152CB). FOR MAIN CB(152CB).
11. 11. UNDER VOLTAGE RELAY FOR LINE EARTH SWITCH INTERLOCK. UNDER VOLTAGE RELAY FOR LINE EARTH SWITCH INTERLOCK.
12. 12. FLAG RELAYS FOR CIRCUIT BREAKER TROUBLES. FLAG RELAYS FOR CIRCUIT BREAKER TROUBLES.
400KV LINE PROTECTION PANEL
400KV LINE PROTECTION PANEL
-
-
RLB
RLB
1. 1. MAIN MAIN- -1 PROTECTION FOR LINE( 29 L1, WITH NECESSARY 1 PROTECTION FOR LINE( 29 L1, WITH NECESSARY
AUX RELAYS & DC GR AUX RELAYS & DC GR- -A HEALTHINESS). A HEALTHINESS).(TEED (TEED- -1 PROTECTION RELAY IN CASE 5CT METHOD ) 1 PROTECTION RELAY IN CASE 5CT METHOD )
2. 2. MAIN MAIN- -2 PROTECTION FOR LINE( 29 L2, WITH NECESSARY 2 PROTECTION FOR LINE( 29 L2, WITH NECESSARY
AUX RELAYS & DC GR AUX RELAYS & DC GR- -B HEALTHINESS). B HEALTHINESS).(TEED (TEED- -2 PROTECTION RELAY IN CASE 5CT METHOD) 2 PROTECTION RELAY IN CASE 5CT METHOD)
FUNCTIONS AVAILABLE IN MAIN FUNCTIONS AVAILABLE IN MAIN- -1/ MAIN 1/ MAIN- -2(REL521/ REL 316) 2(REL521/ REL 316)
1. 1. 4 TO 6 SETTING IMPEDENCE ZONES WITH 4 TO 6 SETTING GROUPS (21 + 4 TO 6 SETTING IMPEDENCE ZONES WITH 4 TO 6 SETTING GROUPS (21 + 21N). 21N).
2. 2. DIR / INST / TIME OVERCURRENT & EARTH FAULT FUNCTION( 50 + 51 + DIR / INST / TIME OVERCURRENT & EARTH FAULT FUNCTION( 50 + 51 + 67 + 50N + 51N + 67N). 67 + 50N + 51N + 67N).
3. 3. EIGHT COMMUNICATION SCHEMES. EIGHT COMMUNICATION SCHEMES.
4. 4. SWITCH ON TO FAULT PROTECTION(21 SOTF). SWITCH ON TO FAULT PROTECTION(21 SOTF).
5. 5. PHASE SELECTION(R,Y,B). PHASE SELECTION(R,Y,B).
6. 6. POWER SWING BLOCKING(PSB)(68 + 68T). POWER SWING BLOCKING(PSB)(68 + 68T).
7. 7. FUSE FAILURE SUPERVISION(PT FFR). FUSE FAILURE SUPERVISION(PT FFR).
8. 8. AUTO RECLOSER RELAY WITH SYNCHROCHECK AND VOLTAGE CHECK(79 A/R + AUTO RECLOSER RELAY WITH SYNCHROCHECK AND VOLTAGE CHECK(79 A/R + 25 +86). 25 +86).
9. 9. WEEK END INFEED LOGIC(27 WI). WEEK END INFEED LOGIC(27 WI).
10. 10. SYSTEM SUPERVISION. SYSTEM SUPERVISION.
11. 11. STUB PROTECTION(STUB). STUB PROTECTION(STUB).
12. 12. OVER VOLTAGE/ UNDER VOLTAGE FUNCTION(27+ 59). OVER VOLTAGE/ UNDER VOLTAGE FUNCTION(27+ 59).
13. 13. LBB/BFR FUNCTION(50 BF). LBB/BFR FUNCTION(50 BF).
14. 14. DISTANCE TO FAULT LOCATOR(21 FL).(SHOWS IN 1. %, 2. KM & 3. R+JX DISTANCE TO FAULT LOCATOR(21 FL).(SHOWS IN 1. %, 2. KM & 3. R+JX ) )
15. 15. 16 PROGRAMABLE SIGNALLING RELAYS WITH LEDs. 16 PROGRAMABLE SIGNALLING RELAYS WITH LEDs.
16. 16. RECORDABLE 10Nos LATEST DISTRUBANCES WITH BASIC EVALUATION DISTU RECORDABLE 10Nos LATEST DISTRUBANCES WITH BASIC EVALUATION DISTURBANCE RECORDER RBANCE RECORDER. .
17. 17. EVENT RECORDER RELATED TO RELAY EVENTS. EVENT RECORDER RELATED TO RELAY EVENTS.
18. 18. PRE PRE- -FAULT, FAULT & POST FAULT, FAULT & POST- -FAULT VALUES OF ANALOG POINTS WITH IMPEDENCE DETAILS. FAULT VALUES OF ANALOG POINTS WITH IMPEDENCE DETAILS.
19. 19. USER CAN BE CONFIGUARED PROGRAMABLE LOGIC FUNCTIONS. USER CAN BE CONFIGUARED PROGRAMABLE LOGIC FUNCTIONS.
20. 20. TELE / CARRIER INTER TRIPPING SCHEMES(85 +21)(PUTT, POTT). TELE / CARRIER INTER TRIPPING SCHEMES(85 +21)(PUTT, POTT).
21. 21. TRIP CIRCUIT MONITORING(74 TC). TRIP CIRCUIT MONITORING(74 TC).
22. 22. METERING FUNCTION (INSTANTANEOUS VALUES DISPLAY FUNCTION). METERING FUNCTION (INSTANTANEOUS VALUES DISPLAY FUNCTION).
23. 23. 4 QUADRANT ENERGY METER FUNCTION (KWH,KVAH,KVARH)(KYZ PULSE OUTP 4 QUADRANT ENERGY METER FUNCTION (KWH,KVAH,KVARH)(KYZ PULSE OUTPUT). UT).
400KV TIE CB RELAY PANEL
400KV TIE CB RELAY PANEL
-
-
RTB
RTB
2. 2. AUTO RECLOUSER WITH CHECK SYNCHRONISING AUTO RECLOUSER WITH CHECK SYNCHRONISING
RELAY (79 A/R + 25). RELAY (79 A/R + 25).
3. 3. MASTER TRIP RELAY GR MASTER TRIP RELAY GR- -A( 86 A( 86- -A WITH 3 Nos 1PH TRIP RELAYS, A WITH 3 Nos 1PH TRIP RELAYS,
4. 4. MASTER TRIP RELAY GR MASTER TRIP RELAY GR- -B( 86 B( 86- -B WITH 3 Nos 1PH TRIP RELAYS, B WITH 3 Nos 1PH TRIP RELAYS,
7. 7. TRIP CIRCUIT TRIP CIRCUIT- -1 SUPERVISION RELAYS FOR TIE CB (252CB) 1 SUPERVISION RELAYS FOR TIE CB (252CB)
8. 8. TRIP CIRCUIT TRIP CIRCUIT- -2 SUPERVISION RELAYS FOR TIE CB (252CB) 2 SUPERVISION RELAYS FOR TIE CB (252CB)
FOR TIE CB(252CB). FOR TIE CB(252CB).
315MVA, 400KV/220KV/33KV AT/F(ICT) HV CB
315MVA, 400KV/220KV/33KV AT/F(ICT) HV CB
RELAY PANEL (400KV SIDE)
-
-
RTRA
RTRA
2. 2. MASTER TRIP RELAY GR MASTER TRIP RELAY GR- -A( 86 A( 86- -A WITH 1No 3PH TRIP RELAYS, A WITH 1No 3PH TRIP RELAYS,
1No PUSH BUTTON FOR RESET & HEALTHY SUPERVISION). 1No PUSH BUTTON FOR RESET & HEALTHY SUPERVISION).
3. 3. MASTER TRIP RELAY GR MASTER TRIP RELAY GR- -B( 86 B( 86- -B WITH 1No 3PH TRIP RELAYS, B WITH 1No 3PH TRIP RELAYS,
FOR MAIN CB(352CB). FOR MAIN CB(352CB).
10. 10. VOLTAGE SELECTION RELAYS FOR METERING. VOLTAGE SELECTION RELAYS FOR METERING.
315MVA, 400KV/220KV/33KV AT/F(ICT) HV
315MVA, 400KV/220KV/33KV AT/F(ICT) HV
PROTECTION PANEL (400KV SIDE)
-
-
RTRB
RTRB
1. 1. MAIN MAIN- -1 PROTECTION/ DIFFERENTIAL RELAY (87T). 1 PROTECTION/ DIFFERENTIAL RELAY (87T).
2. 2. HV OVER FLUX RELAY (99T HV). HV OVER FLUX RELAY (99T HV).
3. 3. OVER LOAD RELAY/ HIGH CURRENT RELAY (51 O/L). OVER LOAD RELAY/ HIGH CURRENT RELAY (51 O/L).
4. 4. VOLTAGE SELECTION RELAYS FOR PROTECTION. VOLTAGE SELECTION RELAYS FOR PROTECTION.
5. 5. FLAG RELAYS FOR TRANSFORMER INTERNAL FAULTS & FLAG RELAYS FOR TRANSFORMER INTERNAL FAULTS &
PROBLEMS FOR ALARAM & TRIPS. PROBLEMS FOR ALARAM & TRIPS.
6. 6. DC SUPERVISION FOR RELAYS. DC SUPERVISION FOR RELAYS.
7. 7. DIRECTIONAL OVER CURRENT & EARTH FAULT RELAYS FOR DIRECTIONAL OVER CURRENT & EARTH FAULT RELAYS FOR
HV HV (MAIN (MAIN- -2 PROTECTION)(67 R,Y,B, 67N). 2 PROTECTION)(67 R,Y,B, 67N).
8. 8. FUSE FAILURE RELAY(PT FFR). FUSE FAILURE RELAY(PT FFR).
315MVA, 400KV/220KV/33KV AT/F(ICT) LV
315MVA, 400KV/220KV/33KV AT/F(ICT) LV
-
-
RTRC
RTRC
1. 1. LV OVER FLUX RELAY (99T LV). LV OVER FLUX RELAY (99T LV).
2. 2. RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT RELAY, SINGLE PHASE HIGH RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT RELAY, SINGLE PHASE HIGH
IMPEDENECE RELAY (64T). IMPEDENECE RELAY (64T).
3. 3. VOLTAGE SELECTION RELAYS FOR PROTECTION. VOLTAGE SELECTION RELAYS FOR PROTECTION.
4. 4. FLAG RELAYS FOR TRANSFORMER INTERNAL FAULTS & FLAG RELAYS FOR TRANSFORMER INTERNAL FAULTS &
PROBLEMS FOR ALARAM & TRIPS. PROBLEMS FOR ALARAM & TRIPS.
5. 5. DC SUPERVISION FOR RELAYS. DC SUPERVISION FOR RELAYS.
6. DIRECTIONAL OVER CURRENT & EARTH FAULT RELAYS FOR 6. DIRECTIONAL OVER CURRENT & EARTH FAULT RELAYS FOR
LV LV (MAIN (MAIN- -2 PROTECTION)(67 R,Y,B, 67N). 2 PROTECTION)(67 R,Y,B, 67N).
7. 7. FUSE FAILURE RELAY(PT FFR). FUSE FAILURE RELAY(PT FFR).
315MVA, 400KV/220KV/33KV AT/F(ICT) LV CB
315MVA, 400KV/220KV/33KV AT/F(ICT) LV CB
-
-
RTRD
RTRD
2. 2. MASTER TRIP RELAY GR MASTER TRIP RELAY GR- -A( 86 A( 86- -A WITH 1No 3PH TRIP RELAYS, A WITH 1No 3PH TRIP RELAYS,
3. 3. MASTER TRIP RELAY GR MASTER TRIP RELAY GR- -B( 86 B( 86- -B WITH 1No 3PH TRIP RELAYS, B WITH 1No 3PH TRIP RELAYS,
4. DC SOURCE 4. DC SOURCE- -1 (GR 1 (GR- -A) HEALTHINESS. A) HEALTHINESS.
6. 6. TRIP CIRCUIT TRIP CIRCUIT- -1 SUPERVISION RELAYS FOR LV CB 1 SUPERVISION RELAYS FOR LV CB
7. 7. TRIP CIRCUIT TRIP CIRCUIT- -2 SUPERVISION RELAYS FOR LV CB 2 SUPERVISION RELAYS FOR LV CB
FOR LV CB. FOR LV CB.
9. 9. NEUTRAL DISPLACEMENT RELAY. NEUTRAL DISPLACEMENT RELAY.
10. 10. VOLTAGE SELECTION RELAYS FOR METERING. VOLTAGE SELECTION RELAYS FOR METERING.
OTHER
OTHER
INFORMATION
INFORMATION
REGARDING
REGARDING
RELAYS AND
RELAYS AND
TESTING
TESTING
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT
PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
ABB RELAYS
ABB RELAYS
ABB Network Partner AG REL 521
C
E
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
ABB Network Partner AG
REL 316*4
C
E
ALSTOM RELAYS
ALSTOM RELAYS
P443
P442
P444
P437
E-PAC
GE MULTILIN
GE MULTILIN
RELAYS
RELAYS
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
RELAYS
RELAYS
IA =250.10 A
IB =250.10 A
IC =250.10 A
VAB =400.0 KV
VBC =400.0 KV
VCA =400.0 KV
ESC ENT
ENABLED
TRIP
TARGET
RESET
INST
TIME
COMM
SOTF
ZONE 1
ZONE 2
ZONE 3
ZONE 4
PH - A
PH - B
PH - C
GND
50
51
79 RESET
79 LOCKOUT
SPT
ENABLED
MC
ENABLED
COMM
ENABLED
RECLOSE
ENABLED
ALT
SETTINGS
CB
CLOSED
RELAY
TEST
CB
OPEN
SEL- 421
PROTECTION
AUTOMATION
CONTROL
SEL
ENABLED
TRIP
TARGET
RESET
INST TIME COMM SOTF SEL- 321- 5 - 2
PROTECTION
AUTOMATION
CONTROL
SEL
TRIP
1 2 3 4
ZONE
EN A B C G Q 51 50
FAULT TYPE
O/C
TARGET
RESET
TARGET FAULT SET METER STATUS OTHER GROUP
NO /
CANCEL
YES /
SELECT
EXIT
SEL RELAYS
SEL RELAYS
NXT PHASE RELAYS
NXT PHASE RELAYS
DISTANCE
DISTANCE
RELAYS
RELAYS
CHARACTERESTICS
CHARACTERESTICS
1 2
3 4
5
1. MHO CIRCULAR CHARACTERSTICS. 1. MHO CIRCULAR CHARACTERSTICS.
2. QUADRILATERAL CHARACTERSTICS. 2. QUADRILATERAL CHARACTERSTICS.
3. LENS/OPTICAL CHARACTERSTICS. 3. LENS/OPTICAL CHARACTERSTICS.
4. TOMATO CHARACTRESTICS. 4. TOMATO CHARACTRESTICS.
5. ABB REL521/316 CHARACTERESTICS. 5. ABB REL521/316 CHARACTERESTICS.
RELAY MODELS OF LINE (DISTANCE) & TRANSFORMER(M
RELAY MODELS OF LINE (DISTANCE) & TRANSFORMER(M
-
-
1 &M
1 &M
-
-
2) OF DIFFERENT MANUFACTURERS
2) OF DIFFERENT MANUFACTURERS
TRANSMISSION LINE PROTECTION TRANSMISSION LINE PROTECTION T/F PROTECTION T/F PROTECTION
MANUFA MANUFA- -
CTURERS CTURERS
MAIN
MAIN
-
-
1
1
CURVES CURVES
MAIN
MAIN
-
-
2
2
QUAD QUAD
REL 316 REL 316
MICOM P437 MICOM P437
E E- -PAC 3000, PAC 3000,
OPTIMHO OPTIMHO
SIPROTEC SIPROTEC
7SA5 7SA5
SEL 321 SEL 321
SEL 311C SEL 311C
LPS LPS- -L/D L/D
DLP DLP- -L/D, B L/D, B- -6O 6O
THR 4 PE 16 THR 4 PE 16
L L- -PRO PRO
QUAD/ QUAD/
MHO MHO
SIEMENS SIEMENS
( SIPROTEC ) ( SIPROTEC )
SIPROTEC SIPROTEC
7SA6 7SA6
QUAD/ QUAD/
MHO MHO
QUAD/ QUAD/
MHO MHO
7UT 612/ 3 7UT 612/ 3
7UT 512/ 3 7UT 512/ 3
7SJ 62/3/4/5 7SJ 62/3/4/5
7SJ 52/3/4/5 7SJ 52/3/4/5
SEL SEL
SEL 421 SEL 421
QUAD/ QUAD/
MHO MHO
QUAD/ QUAD/
MHO MHO
SEL 387 SEL 387 SEL 351 SEL 351
QUAD/ QUAD/
MHO MHO
EASUN EASUN
REYROLE REYROLE
MHO MHO MHO MHO
--- --- --- ---
QUAD/ QUAD/
MHO MHO
CURVES CURVES
DIFFERENTIAL
DIFFERENTIAL
DIR O/L,E/F
DIR O/L,E/F
ABB ABB
REL 521 REL 521
QUAD QUAD
RET 521 RET 521
RET 316 RET 316
REL 505 REL 505
RAPDK RAPDK
ALSTOM ALSTOM
MICOMHO P443 MICOMHO P443
QUAD/ QUAD/
MHO MHO
KBCH/ MBCH KBCH/ MBCH
GE GE
MULTILIN MULTILIN
ALPS ALPS- -L/D L/D
QUAD/ QUAD/
MHO MHO
DTP 32DH DTP 32DH
SR 7465 SR 7465
DMS DMS
SR 750/60 SR 750/60
NXT NXT
PHASE PHASE
L L- -PRO PRO
LENS/ LENS/
TOMAT0 TOMAT0
T T- -PRO PRO F F- -PRO PRO
RELAY TESTING EQUIPMENTS
1. PROGRAMA_GE (MODEL: FREEJA 1. PROGRAMA_GE (MODEL: FREEJA- -300) 2. MANTA TEST SYSTEMS (MODEL: MTS 4000) 300) 2. MANTA TEST SYSTEMS (MODEL: MTS 4000)
3. OMICRON (MODEL: CMC 256 3. OMICRON (MODEL: CMC 256- -6) 6) 4. DOBLE ( MODEL: F 6150) 4. DOBLE ( MODEL: F 6150)
1. MEEGER_AVO (MODEL: MPRT 8430) 1. MEEGER_AVO (MODEL: MPRT 8430) 2. RES (MODEL: APTS 3) 2. RES (MODEL: APTS 3)
3. KOCOS (MODEL: ARTES 440 II) 3. KOCOS (MODEL: ARTES 440 II) 4. EURO SMC ( MODEL: TRES) 4. EURO SMC ( MODEL: TRES)
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