Professional Documents
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November 3, 2009
Community Health Assessment 2
Our preliminary search for a specific zip code did not yield search data. We decided to
enlarge the area for our windshield assessment to include zip codes 53140, 53142, 53143, and
53144. We surveyed an area from Lake Michigan, west to Interstate 94, and from County
Highway KR south to Highway 50. Our drive through this portion of Kenosha County yielded
Windshield Assessment
On October 12, 2009 we met in the morning at Parkside to perform our windshield
assessment. The framework we used in conducting our windshield survey were questions
provided to us from Nies and McEwen, Box 5-2 (2007, p.79). The weather was cool so we did
not see many people; most were probably at home or work because of the time of day. We did
see an older Caucasian woman walking a dog and two Caucasian elderly men smoking cigarettes
in front of Mar’s Cheese Castle on Highway S. The people we did observe were appropriately
dressed for the weather, and appeared well nourished. We did not see any loitering adults or
witness any suspicious behavior. We did not observe any children on the school playgrounds
because it was Columbus Day and the schools were closed. We also did not see any handicapped
individuals, pregnant women, mothers with children, tourists, homeless people or those who
apartment buildings and primarily catholic churches. Homes varied in age from early 1900’s
through 2009. The sizes and structures varied and appeared to be a mix of economic classes. We
did not observe any public housing or signs for neighborhood crime watch. Single family homes
Community Health Assessment 3
and farms increased in value as we drove further west. Most of the houses were well kept, but a
few were in need for repair. We noticed some areas of dilapidated structures and boarded up
buildings, as well as bars, schools, parks, and businesses, which eventually spread out until we
reached an industrial area and farms. We noticed automobiles were the primary mode of
transportation followed by service vans, and semi trucks for delivery of goods which emitted
noxious gas. Public transit appeared adequate, although we did not observe benches or
sufficient shelter at the bus stops. St. Catherine’s and Aurora Medical Center on Highway 50,
Kenosha Medical on 62nd street, and the Kenosha Health Department on Sheridan Road are all
accessible by bus.
There are a variety of businesses in Kenosha including large corporations such as Jockey,
Chrysler, Snap- On Tools, Ocean Spray, and retail stores such as Wal-Mart, Sam’s Club, Kmart,
Shopko, Kohl’s, and Target which were all handicap accessible. Others are small family owned
businesses such as Tenuta’s. None of these establishments posted signs indicating need for
employment. For those seeking employment, the Kenosha County Job Center, located on
Sheridan Road and the Marine Recruiting Center on 52nd street are available. In the rural areas,
we saw corn stalks, cabbages, and pumpkins, but could not determine if there were family farms
or agricultural business due to deficient signage. During our drive, we noticed a large billboard,
on Washington Road, sponsored by the Kenosha Visiting Nurses Association that advertised flu
shots. Other than this, there was little evidence of prevention/wellness access to care or use of
alternative medicine in the community. We did not notice any signs advertising radio or
University, UW- Parkside, Bullen Middle School, and Bradford High School. There are many
parochial and grade schools, child care centers such as the one located at Parkside, and the
Health Center, several dental offices, pharmacies and nursing homes. We did not observe any
other specific services, and therefore cannot determine if resources are appropriate or sufficient
We did not see any standing water, oil spills, or anything that would make us suspect
ground and water pollutants. Some of the roads are in poor conditions with many potholes and
had been under construction for long periods of time. All of the traffic lights were in working
order and appeared sufficient for the traffic volume. The east side which is more urban, had a
greater number of sidewalks, whereas, communities to the west lacked sidewalks. Railroad
crossings displayed adequate warning signs and barriers. Where there were potential hazards
There are several county and city parks playgrounds and recreational opportunities such
as the YMCA and the KYF. We observed several bars, fast food restaurants, and buffets. Due to
the time of year, we did not observe anyone eating outside nor did we observe any insects or
rodents.
Community Health Assessment 5
Demographic Characteristics
Social Characteristics
According to the American Fact Finder (2005-2007) the total population of Kenosha
County was 161,254 with 49.7% male and 50.3% female. This compares with WI (2006-2008)
data of 49.7% male and 50.3% female and U.S. data of 49.2% male and 50.8% female. The
median age of Kenosha County residents was 36.3 years, compared with WI 37.9 years and U.S.
36.4 years. Age distribution in Kenosha County was 6.9% under age 5, 73.7% 18 and older, and
11.2% 65 and older, WI 6.3% under age 5, 76.5% 18 and older, 13.2% 65 and older, and U.S.
6.9% under age 5, 75.3% 18 and older, and 12.5% 65 and older. The Kenosha population consists
of 85.9% Caucasian, 9% Hispanic, 5.7% African American (AA), 0.4% American Indian/
Alaskan Native (AI/AN), and 1.3% Asian. The WI population consists of 87.6% Caucasian,
5.9% AA, AI/AN 0.9%, 2% Asian, and 4.9% Hispanic. The U.S. population consists of 74.1%
Caucasian, 14.7% Hispanic, 12.4% AA, 0.8% AI/AN, and 4.3% Asian. According to the CDC
(2007) and American Fact Finder (2006-2008) county, state, and national data, named English
Economic Characteristics
American Fact Finder (2005-2007) statistics indicate 67.5% of Kenosha resident over the
age of 16 were in the workforce compared to WI 69.3%, and the US 64.7%. The median family
income was 66,940 compared to 60,374 in the US. The data was not available for WI. Kenosha
families below the poverty level are 7.6%, compared to WI 7% and the US 9.8%. Individuals
below the poverty level in Kenosha county 11.8%, compared to WI 10.7%, and the US of 13.3%.
Community Health Assessment 6
The unemployment rates according to American Fact Finder (2006-2008) are follows in 4.5%
Health Statistics
The WI Department of Health Services (2005-2008) reported that the average life
expectancy for males is 77 years and 81.8 years for females, compared with the U.S. average of
74.75 years for males and 81 years for females. The 2008 Wisconsin death rate was 8.2 per 1000
population with the 3 leading causes of death (heart disease, cancer, and strokes) accounted for
54% of all deaths. Accidents were the leading causes of death for females from 1-24 and for
males 1-44 years old. Kenosha County Community Health Survey Report (2003) provides
behavioral and lifestyle data with prevalence and risk factors as well as disease conditions. Only
12% of residents rated their health fair or poor. Health care coverage was not provided for 8% of
people and up to 19% of other household members. Routine check-ups were sought by 82% of
the population within the last two years. Several sought alternative treatments ranging from
acupuncture to massage therapy and Chiropractic services. Risk conditions in the past 3 years
include high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, heart disease, asthma, and diabetes. Many
(49%) of residents do not get sufficient exercise, 58% are overweight, and only 28% eat 3 or
more servings of vegetables each day. According to the UW Population Health Institute County
Health Snapshot (2008) the obesity rate in Kenosha county was 29.9%, WI was 25.4% compared
with the national average of 34.3% according to the CDC (2006). According to the CDC
(2006-2008) those in the midwest non-Hispanic black 36.3% are obese compared with 25.4
Community Health Assessment 7
white, 29.6% Hispanics. According to the CDC (2005) the top three cancers in WI were lung and
bronchus 48.7%, prostate 26.9%, and breast (female) 22.7%, as compared with the U.S. cancer
statistics of lung and bronchus 52.8%, prostate 24.7%, and breast 24.0%. Wisconsin’s alcohol
consumption of 5+ drinks at one time is higher, 26%, than the national average, 15%, but
Kenosha’s average is lower, 14%. Seat belts are utilized by 82% of adults and 98% of children.
Social Problems
According Idcide.com (2009), crime rates for Kenosha were lower than the state of
Wisconsin in every area of property crimes and violent crimes, except in the case of rapes. There
has been a slow decline in the case of forcible rape as the 2006 total was fifty-two, while the
2008 total was 40, and the 2008 national average was 33.1. Also, according to the Wisconsin
Department of Corrections (2009), the number of registered sex offenders within the following
zip codes include: 53140 has 124 registrants under 320 names; 53142 has 34 registrants under 75
names; 53143 has 71 registrants under 148 names; 53144 has 46 registrants under 98 names.
These statistics include sexual offenses against both women and children.
Environmental Characteristics
area and fails to meet national ambient air quality standards for ozone. According to the
American Lung Association (2007) lung cancer deaths rose 4% from 1999 to 2004 with 83-87%
of lung cancer deaths attributed to cigarette smoking (American Cancer Society, 2002). Radon
exposure is estimated to be the second leading cause of lung cancer. According to the Wisconsin
Community Health Assessment 8
Department of Health Services (2009) Kenosha county is higher than the EPA recommended
Housing
The city of Kenosha was created in 1835 and is considered the fourth largest community
in Wisconsin. Kenosha County itself covers 272.83 square miles, with an average of 547.9
persons per square mile, while the state of Wisconsin has an average of 98.8 persons per square
miles. According to the Wisconsin Historical Society, the oldest home still standing in Kenosha
County is located on Third Avenue and was built in 1899. The community has continued to
expand noticeably away from Lake Michigan, with homes still be built today. Sixty-five
As of 2000, there are 36,004 housing units in Kenosha County, with 2,321,144 in
Wisconsin as a whole. The home ownership rate is only 32.2% while Wisconsin stands at 68.4%.
As of 2007, 3,980 of the 295,087 Wisconsin homes are known to be vacant in Kenosha County.
Also in Kenosha County, 23873 of the homes are owner-occupied and 11890 are renter-occupied
while 1605995 of the Wisconsin homes are owner-occupied and 665015 are renter-occupied. But
Kenosha County and the state of Wisconsin have similar residence standings since 40% of
residents have lived at their current County residence for five or more years and the average for
the state is 39%. Annual residential turnover rates include 18% for Kenosha County and 17% for
the state of Wisconsin. The average rate for years of residence actually tends to be 3.6-3.8.
The top four zip codes for the average value of home equity include: 53142 at $197493, 53144 at
$175246, 53143 at $165630, and 53140 at $141778. But the average home sale price is $151000
Community Health Assessment 9
and the average value of home equity is $164918 for the county. While the average home equity
rate for Wisconsin is $176971. But the average mortgage debt is $316914, with an average of
Public Services
Kenosha County has a wide variety of public services, including, but not limited to: adult
and child health screenings, adult and child protective services, aging and disability resource
program, family care, flu/pneumonia vaccines, food stamps, foster care, housing authority, home
visiting nursing care, intoxicated driver program, job skill assessments, Medicaid, prenatal care
coordination, veteran’s assistance, WIC, and the Wisconsin Works program. Each of these
services does have separate required criteria in order to receive its benefits. But these services are
also made readily available to both the rural and urban communities. In fact, a county office at
19600 75th Street is open for the rural community at designated dates and times for each type of
Educational Attainment
varied from less than 9th grade 3.2%, some high school 9%, high school 33.7%, some college
22%, associate’s degrees 10.1%, bachelor’s degrees 14.7%, graduate/professional degrees 7.2%.
Compared with WI educational attainment 7.2% some high school, 34.4% high school, 20.3%
some college, 8.8% associate’s degrees, 16.9% bachelor’s degrees, and 8.5% graduate/
professional. Compared with US data less than 9th grade 6.4%, some high school 9.1%, high
Community Health Assessment 10
school 29.6%, some college 20.1%, associate’s degrees 7.4%, bachelor’s degree 17.3%,
Primary/Secondary Education
There are currently twenty-one elementary schools, seven high schools, eight middle
schools, three kindergarten to eighth grade, and two pre-k schools in all of Kenosha County.
There are playgrounds at each of the pre-k schools, elementary schools and the kindergarten to
eighth grade schools, as well as a gym class for each grade level at each school. Kenosha County
schools do have a policy on the temperature outside as well as the time allotted for the children
to play on the playgrounds. This weather policy is as follows: temperature outside is below 0ºF,
the children remain indoors; 0º to 9º F, the children will have a shortened recess; 10º F, the
Analysis of Data
Strengths
Kenosha county offers many resources for health services and recreation. Public
resident sought routine check-ups. Crime rates, except rape, are lower than the national average.
The high school graduation rate for Kenosha is higher than the national average. The median
Challenges
Air quality and environmental pollutants are causes for concern and difficult to change,
although awareness can decrease exposure. Whereas behavioral causes such as cigarette smoking
Community Health Assessment 11
can be modified. According to the Burden of Tobacco in Kenosha County (2002), 36% of adults
smoke versus 24% of Wisconsinites. This contributes to lung cancer, heart disease, respiratory
Crime in Kenosha was less than the national average except rapes in women and
children. This indicates a closer investigation into possible causes and interventions which may
be related to reduction in the number of police officers. Looking at the registered offenders
website indicated a larger scale problem than mere numbers can signify.
Perceptions of health may not be indicative of morbidity. Insufficient fruit and vegetable
intake, excessive alcohol intake, along with lack of physical activity and obesity statistics. Leads
us to believe a more pro-active stance is needed in educating and adopting positive lifestyle
changes.
Summary
Exposure from cigarette smoking, environmental pollutants, and radon increase risks of
lung cancer in Kenosha residents and contributes to mortality. As only 16% of patients who are
diagnosed with lung cancer are expected to survive more than five years (American Lung
Association, 2007).
Social characteristics are similar between the Kenosha, Wisconsin, and US statistics
regarding gender and age. However the population in Kenosha and Wisconsin is predominantly
white but the US statistics indicate larger Hispanic population. When comparing the national
average the Kenosha unemployment rate is higher, the median family income is higher, and the
poverty level is lower. Life expectancy for males in Wisconsin is higher than the national
Community Health Assessment 12
average, but the same for females. Leading causes of death include heart disease, cancer and
strokes. Crime rates are lower in the national average except for rape cases. Kenosha has
increased levels of ozone and radon. Home equity in Kenosha is about 165,00 compared to the
Wisconsin average of 177,000. Educational attainment is higher for associate degree, but lower
for bachelors or advanced degrees. Kenosha public education exceeds those of the national
average.
Nursing Diagnoses
Increased risk of lung cancer among Kenosha County adults related to cigarette smoking as
Risk of heart disease and stroke among African American adults as demonstrated by Kenosha
obesity rates of 36.3% and hypertension in 46% of females and 42% of African American males.
Increased risk of injury among Kenosha women and children related to reported rapes as
demonstrated by a higher number in Kenosha versus the U.S. city average of 1.92 full-time law
enforcement employees per 1,000 residents versus that of the U.S. city average of 3, as well as
Group Process
Overall we worked well together . We followed the group norms that we established in
the beginning. Throughout the whole process and writing of the paper, we utilized consensus.
Personal and school responsibilities posed some challenges, therefore we had to change
Community Health Assessment 13
scheduled meeting dates or times. Initially we thought we collected sufficient data, but after
sifting through the information, we realized that much of it was irrelevant. We then had to go
to each other’s ideas, provided constructive criticism, we were positive in our interactions and
References
11/4/09
resources/facts-figures/lung-cancer-fact-sheet.html" http://www.lungusa.org/lung-disease/lung-
cancer/resources/facts-figures/lung-cancer-fact-sheet.html 11/4/09
http://www.aurorahealthcare.org/yourhealth/comm-health-reports/art/kenosha.pdf
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Centers for disease control and prevention (2007) Emergency preparedness and response
state=WI&city=Kenosha" http://www.melissadata.com/lookups/CrimeCity.asp?
state=WI&city=Kenosha
References
11/4/09
resources/facts-figures/lung-cancer-fact-sheet.html" http://www.lungusa.org/lung-disease/lung-
cancer/resources/facts-figures/lung-cancer-fact-sheet.html 11/4/09
http://www.aurorahealthcare.org/yourhealth/comm-health-reports/art/kenosha.pdf
Centers for disease control and prevention (2007) Emergency preparedness and response
state=WI&city=Kenosha" http://www.melissadata.com/lookups/CrimeCity.asp?
state=WI&city=Kenosha
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www.scorecard.org/env-releases/cap/ 10-18