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An antenna is the interface between the transmission line and .

ANS: space.
Hertz antenna is another name for a half-wave
Chapter 1: Introduction to Communication Systems
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The theory of radio waves was originated by:
a.Marconi c. Maxwell
b. Bell d. Hertz
ANS:
!. The "erson who sent the first radio signal across the Atlantic ocean was:
a.Marconi c. Maxwell
b. Bell d. Hertz
ANS: A
#. The trans$ission of radio waves was first done by:
a.Marconi c. Maxwell
b. Bell d. Hertz
ANS: %
&. A co$"lete co$$'nication syste$ $'st incl'de:
a.a trans$itter and receiver
b.a trans$itter( a receiver( and a channel
c.a trans$itter( a receiver( and a s"ectr'$ analyzer
d.a $'lti"lexer( a de$'lti"lexer( and a channel
ANS: B
). *adians "er second is e+'al to:
a. ! i r x f c. the "hase angle
0.f , !i r d. none of the above
ANS: A
-. The bandwidth re+'ired for a $od'lated carrier de"ends on:
a.the carrier fre+'ency c. the signal."l's.noise to noise ratio
b.the signal.to.noise ratio d. the baseband fre+'ency range
ANS: %
/. 0hen two or $ore signals share a co$$on channel( it is called:
a. s'b.channeli ng c. S1NA%
b.signal switching d. $'lti"lexing
ANS: %
2. T%M stands for:
a.Ti$e.%ivision M'lti"lexing c. Ti$e %o$ain Meas're$ent
b.Two.level %igital Mod'lation d. none of the above
ANS: A
3. 4%M stands for:
a.4ast %igital Mod'lation c. 4re+'ency.%ivision M'lti"lexing
b.4re+'ency %o$ain Meas're$ent d. none of the above
ANS:
15. The wavelength of a radio signal is:
a . e +'a l t o f , c
b . e + ' a l t o c , A (
c.the distance a wave travels in one "eriod
d.how far the signal can travel witho't distortion
ANS:
11. %istortion is ca'sed by:
a.creation of har$onics of baseband fre+'encies
b.baseband fre+'encies 6$ixing6 with each other
c.shift in "hase relationshi"s between baseband fre+'encies
d. al l of t he above
ANS: %
1!. The collection of sin'soidal fre+'encies "resent in a $od'lated carrier is called its:
a.fre+'ency.do$ain re"resentation c. s"ectr'$
b. 4o'rier series d. all of the above
ANS: %
1#. The baseband bandwidth for a voice.grade 7tele"hone8 signal is:
a.a""roxi$ately # 9Hz c. at least ) 9Hz
b.!5 Hz to 1)(555 Hz d. none of the above
ANS: A
1&. Noise in a co$$'nication syste$ originates in:
a.the sender c. the channel
b. t he recei ver d. all of the above
ANS: %
1). 6Man.$ade6 noise can co$e fro$:
a.e+'i"$ent that s"ar9s c. static
b.te$"erat're d. all of the above
ANS: A
1-. Ther$al noise is generated in:
a.transistors and diodes c. co""er wire
b.resistors d. all of the above
ANS: %
1/. Shot noise is generated in:
a.transistors and diodes c. co""er wire
b.resistors d. none of the above
ANS: A
12. The "ower density of 6flic9er6 noise is:
a.the sa$e at all fre+'encies c. greater at low fre+'encies
b.greater at high fre+'encies d. the sa$e as 6white6 noise
ANS:
13. So called 61:f6 noise is also called:
a.rando$ noise c. white noise
b."in9 noise d. "artition noise
ANS: B
!5. 6;in96 noise has:
a.e+'al "ower "er Hertz c. constant "ower
b.e+'al "ower "er octave d. none of the above
ANS: B
!1. 0hen two noise voltages( V1 and V!( are co$bined( the total voltage VT is:
a.VT < s+rt7V1 = V1 > V! = V!8 c. VT < s+rt7V1 = V!8
b.VT < 7V1 > V!8:! d. VT < V1 > V!
ANS: A
!!. Signal.to.Noise ratio is calc'lated as:
a.signal voltage divided by noise voltage
b.signal "ower divided by noise "ower
c.first add the signal "ower to the noise "ower( then divide by noise "ower
d. none of t he above
ANS: B
!#. S1NA% is calc'lated as:
a.signal voltage divided by noise voltage
b.signal "ower divided by noise "ower
c.first add the signal "ower to the noise "ower( then divide by noise "ower
d. none of t he above
ANS: %
!&. Noise 4ig're is a $eas're of:
a.how $'ch noise is in a co$$'nications syste$
b.how $'ch noise is in the channel
c.how $'ch noise an a$"lifier adds to a signal
d.signal.to.noise ratio in dB
ANS:
!). The "art( or "arts( of a sin'soidal carrier that can be $od'lated are:
a. i t s a$"l i t 'de c. its a$"lit'de( fre+'ency( and direction
b.its a$"lit'de and fre+'ency d. its a$"lit'de( fre+'ency( and "hase angle
ANS: %
COMPLETION
1. The tele"hone was invented in the year .
ANS: 12-#
!. *adio signals first were sent across the Atlantic in the year .
ANS: 1351
#. The fre+'ency band 'sed to $od'late the carrier is called the band.
ANS: base
&. The ?ob of the carrier is to get the infor$ation thro'gh the .
ANS: channel
). The bandwidth of an 'n$od'lated carrier is .
ANS: zero
-. The @B@ in Hartley@s Aaw stands for .
ANS: bandwidth
/. The $ore infor$ation "er second yo' send( the the bandwidth re+'ired.
ANS:
greater
larger
wider
2 . 1 n ( yo' s"lit the bandwidth of a channel into s'b.channels to carry $'lti"le
signals.
ANS: 4%M
3 . 1 n ( $'lti"le signal strea$s ta9e t'rns 'sing the channel.
ANS: T%M
15. BH4 st ands for t he fre+'ency band.
ANS: very high
11. The BH4 band starts at MHz.
ANS: #5
1!. The CH4 band starts at MHz.
ANS: #55
1#. A radi o si gnal @ s is the distance it travels in one cycle of the carrier.
ANS: wavelength
1&. 1n free s"ace( radio signals travel at a""roxi$ately $eters "er second.
ANS: #55 $illion
1). The e+'i"$ent 'sed to show signals in the fre+'ency do$ain is the .
ANS: s"ectr'$ analyzer
1-. Mathe$atically( a s"ectr'$ is re"resented by a series.
ANS: 4o'rier
1/. %isabling a receiver d'ring a b'rst of at$os"heric noise is called .
ANS:
noise blan9ing
blan9ing
12. 4or satellite co$$'nications( noise can be a serio's "roble$.
ANS: solar
13. Ther$al noise is ca'sed by the rando$ $otions of in a cond'ctor.
ANS: electrons
SHORT NS!ER
1.Na$e the five ele$ents in a bloc9 diagra$ of a co$$'nications syste$.
ANS:
So'rce( Trans$itter( hannel( *eceiver( %estination
!.Na$e five ty"es of internal noise.
ANS:
Ther$al( Shot( ;artition( 1:f( transit.ti$e
#. 0hy is ther$al noise called 6white noise6D
ANS:
0hite light is co$"osed of e+'al a$o'nts of light at all visible fre+'encies. Ai9ewise( ther$al noise has
e+'al "ower density over a wide range of fre+'encies.
&. 0hat is 6"in9 noise6D
ANS:
Aight is "in9 when it contains $ore red than it does other colors( and red is at the low end of the visible
s"ectr'$. Ai9ewise( "in9 noise has higher "ower density at lower fre+'encies.
). S'""ose there is #5 EB fro$ one noise so'rce that is co$bined with &5 EB fro$ another noise so'rce.
alc'late the total noise voltage.
ANS:
)5 EB
-. 1f yo' have 155 $B of signal and 15 $B of noise( both across the sa$e 155.oh$ load( what is the signal.
to.noise ratio in dBD
ANS:
!5 dB
/. The in"'t to an a$"lifier has a signal.to.noise ratio of 155 dB and an o't"'t signal.to.noise ratio of 25
dB. 4ind N4( both in dB and as a ratio.
ANS:
!5 dB( N4 < 155
2. A $icrowave receiver has a noise te$"erat're of 1&) F. 4ind its noise fig're.
ANS:
1.)
3. Two cascaded a$"lifiers each have a noise fig're of ) and a gain of 15. 4ind the total N4 for the "air.
ANS:
).&
15. Gx"lain why yo' co'ld 'se a diode as a noise so'rce with a s"ectr'$ close to that of "'re ther$al noise.
How wo'ld yo' control the a$o'nt of noise generatedD
ANS:
0hen c'rrent flows thro'gh a diode( it generates shot noise that can be re"resented as a c'rrent so'rce( the
o't"'t of which is a noise c'rrent. The e+'ation for the noise c'rrent is very si$ilar to the e+'ation for
ther$al noise voltage. Since the "ower in the shot noise is "ro"ortional to the diode c'rrent( controlling
the diode c'rrent controls the noise "ower.
Chapter ": Radio#$re%uency Circuits
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The ti$e it ta9es a charge carrier to cross fro$ the e$itter to the collector is called:
a.base ti$e c. charge ti$e
b. t ransi t t i $e d. Miller ti$e
ANS: B
!. A real ca"acitor act'ally contains:
a.ca"acitance and resistance only c. ca"acitance( ind'ctance( and resistance
b.ca"acitance and ind'ctance only d. reactance only
ANS:
#. By"ass ca"acitors are 'sed to:
a.re$ove *4 fro$ non.*4 circ'its c. ne'tralize a$"lifiers
b.co'"le *4 aro'nd an a$"lifier d. red'ce the Miller effect
ANS: A
&. A resonant circ'it is:
a.a si$"le for$ of band"ass filter c. both a and b
b.'sed in narrowband *4 a$"lifiers d. none of the above
ANS:
). Aoading down a t'ned.circ'it a$"lifier will:
a.raise the H of the t'ned circ'it c. 6$'lti"ly6 the H
b.lower the H of the t'ned circ'it d. have no effect on H
ANS: B
-. The 6Miller Gffect6 can:
a.ca'se an a$"lifier to oscillate c. red'ce the bandwidth of an a$"lifier
b.ca'se an a$"lifier to lose gain d. all of the above
ANS: %
/. The Miller Gffect can be avoided by:
a.'sing a co$$on.e$itter a$"lifier c. increasing the H of the t'ned circ'it
b.'sing a co$$on.base a$"lifier d. it cannot be avoided
ANS: B
2. 1n a BIT( the Miller Gffect is d'e to:
a.ind'ctance of collector lead c. base.to.e$itter ca"acitance
b.collector.to.e$itter ca"acitance d. base.to.collector ca"acitance
ANS: %
ANS: B
3. 1n *4 a$"lifiers( i$"edance $atching is 's'ally done with:
a.* co'"ling c. direct co'"ling
b.transfor$er co'"ling d. l'$"ed reactance
ANS: B
15. Ne'tralization cancels 'nwanted feedbac9 by:
a.adding feedbac9 o't of "hase with the 'nwanted feedbac9
b.by"assing the feedbac9 to the 6ne'tral6 or gro'nd "lane
c. deco'"ling it
d. none of t he above
ANS: A
11. 4or a 6fre+'ency $'lti"lier6 to wor9( it re+'ires:
a. a nonl i near ci rc'i t
b. a l i near a$"l i fi er
c.a signal containing har$onics
d.an in"'t signal that is an integer $'lti"le of the desired fre+'ency
ANS: A
1!. A sin'soidal oscillation fro$ an a$"lifier re+'ires:
a.loo" gain e+'al to 'nity
b."hase shift aro'nd loo" e+'al to 5 degrees
c.both a and b( b't at ?'st one fre+'ency
d. none of t he above
ANS:
1#. The conditions for sin'soidal oscillation fro$ an a$"lifier are called:
a.the loo".gain criteria c. the Bode criteria
b.the Hartley criteria d. the Bar9ha'sen criteria
ANS: %
1&. The Hartley oscillator 'ses:
a.a ta""ed ind'ctor c. an * ti$e constant
b.a two.ca"acitor divider d. a "iezoelectric crystal
ANS: A
1). The ol"itts B4J 'ses:
a.a ta""ed ind'ctor c. an * ti$e constant
b.a two.ca"acitor divider d. a "iezoelectric crystal
ANS: B
1-. The la"" oscillator is:
a.a $odified Hartley oscillator c. a ty"e of crystal.controlled oscillator
b.a $odified ol"itts oscillator d. only b'ilt with 4GTs
1/. A varactor is:
a.a voltage.controlled ca"acitor c. 'sed in t'ner circ'its
b.a dioded. all of the above
ANS: %
12. rystal.ontrolled oscillators are:
a.'sed for a "recise fre+'ency
b.'sed for very low fre+'ency drift 7"arts "er $illion8
c.$ade by grinding +'artz to exact di$ensions
d. al l of t he above
ANS: %
13. 1f two signals( V
a
< sin7co
a
t8 and Vb < sin7cobt8( are fed to a $ixer( the o't"'t:
a. wi l l c ont a i n w 1 < w
a
> w b a nd c o ! < w
a
K w b
b. wi l l c ont a i n w 1 < w
a
: w b a nd c o ! < w b : w
a
c. wi l l cont ai n c o < 7 c o
a
> c o b 8 : !
d.none of the
above ANS: A
!5. 1n a balanced $ixer( the o't"'t:
a.contains e+'al 7balanced8 a$o'nts of all in"'t fre+'encies
b.contains the in"'t fre+'encies
c.does not contain the in"'t fre+'encies
d.is a linear $ixt're of the in"'t signals
ANS:
!1. 6B4J6 stands for:
a.Boltage.4ed Jscillator c. Baractor.4re+'ency Jscillator
b.Bariable.4re+'ency Jscillatord. Boltage.4eedbac9 Jscillator
ANS: B
!!. A 6fre+'ency synthesizer6 is:
a.a BJ "hase.loc9ed to a reference fre+'ency
b.a B4J with selectable crystals to change fre+'ency
c.a fixed.fre+'ency *4 generator
d. sa$e as a $ixer
ANS: A
COMPLETION
1. Lenerally( cond'ctor lengths in *4 circ'its sho'ld be .
ANS: short
!. At CH4 fre+'encies and above( ele$ents $'st be considered as instead of as
being 6l'$"ed6.
ANS: distrib'ted
#. 0hen one side of a do'ble.sided "c board is 'sed for gro'nd( it is called a .
ANS: gro'nd."lane
&. 1nteractions between "arts of an *4 circ'it can be red'ced by 'sing between
the$.
ANS: shielding
). 1n high.fre+'ency *4 circ'its( the "lace$ent of wires and can be critical.
ANS: co$"onents
-. A circ'it is 'sed to re$ove *4 fro$ the % voltage b's.
ANS: deco'"ling
/. A ca"acitor is 'sed to short 'nwanted *4 to gro'nd.
ANS: by"ass
2. The bandwidth of a t'ned.circ'it a$"lifier de"ends on the of the t'ned circ'it.
ANS: H
3. A val'e of or $ore for H is re+'ired for the a""roxi$ate t'ned circ'it e+'ations
to be valid.
ANS: 15
15. 1n a class *4 a$"lifier( the extracts one fre+'ency fro$ all the har$onics
contained in the device c'rrent 7e.g. collector c'rrent8.
ANS: t'ned circ'it
11. Csing additional feedbac9 to co$"ensate for 6stray6 feedbac9 is called .
ANS: ne'tralization
1!. A ol"itts oscillator 'ses a voltage divider to "rovide feedbac9.
ANS: ca"acitive
1#. Glectrically( a "iezoelectric crystal has both a and a
resonant fre+'ency.
ANS: series( "arallel
1&. To "rod'ce s'$ and difference fre+'encies( a $ixer $'st be a non. circ'it.
ANS: linear
1). At so$e bias "oint( a diode or a transistor can act as a .law $ixer.
ANS: s+'are
SHORT NS!ER
1. 0hat ind'ctance wo'ld yo' 'se with a &/."4 ca"acitor to $a9e a t'ned circ'it for 15 MHzD
ANS:
). & " . H
!. 0hat val'e of H is re+'ired for a 15.MHz t'ned circ'it to have a bandwidth of 155 9HzD
ANS:
155
#. A t'ned.circ'it a$"lifier with a gain of 15 is being 'sed to $a9e an oscillator. 0hat sho'ld be the val'e
of the feedbac9 ratio to satisfy the Bar9ha'sen criteriaD
ANS:
5.1
&. 0hat is the advantage of a la"" oscillator co$"ared to a ol"itts oscillatorD
ANS:
1t is $ore stable beca'se it 6swa$"s6 the device ca"acitance with large val'e ca"acitors in the feedbac9
divider.
). 1f a varactor has a ca"acitance of 35 "4 at zero volts( what will be the ca"acitance at & voltsD
ANS:
#5 "4
-. An oscillator has a fre+'ency of 155 MHz at !5M( and a te$"co of >15 ""$ "er degree elsi's. 0hat
will be the shift in fre+'ency at /5MD 0hat "ercentage is thatD
ANS:
)5 9Hz( 5.5)N
/. Two sin'soidal signals( V1 and V!( are fed into an ideal balanced $ixer. V1 is a !5.MHz signalO V! is a ).
MHz signal. 0hat fre+'encies wo'ld yo' ex"ect at the o't"'t of the $ixerD
ANS:
1) MHz and !) MHz
2. S'""ose the "hase.loc9ed.loo" fre+'ency synthesizer of 4ig're !.#3 has a reference fre+'ency of 1 MHz
and a fixed.$od'l's divider of 15. 0hat sho'ld be the val'e of the "rogra$$able divider to get an o't"'t
fre+'ency of 1!5 MHzD
ANS:
1!
Chapter &: mp'itude Modu'ation
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. AM stands for:
a. A'dio Mod'lation c. Angle Mod'lation
b.A$"lit'de Mod'lation d. Antenna Mod'lation
ANS: B
!. The 6envelo"e6 of an AM signal is d'e to:
a.the baseband signal c. the a$"lit'de signal
b.the carrier signal d. none of the above
ANS: A
#. 1f the a'dio V
a
sin7co
a
t8 $od'lates the carrier V
c
sin7c
c
t8( then the $od'lation index( m( is:
a.m < c o
a
:
c
c. m < 7V
a
: Vc8
!
b.m < V
a
: V
c
d. m < V
a
: c
a
ANS: B
&. The e+'ation for f'll.carrier AM is:
a.v(t) < 7E
c
> E
m
8 = sin7c
c
t8 c. v(t ) < 7E
c
= E
m
8 = si n7c o
m
t 8 = si n7c
c
t 8
b.v(t) < 7E
c
> E
m
8 = sin7co
m
t8 > sin7c
c
t8 d. v(t) < 7E
c
> E
m
sin7c o
m
t88 = sin7c
c
t8
ANS: %
). Jver$od'lation ca'ses:
a.distortion c. both a and b
b. s"latter d. none of the above
ANS:
-. The "ea9 voltage of an AM signal goes fro$
Emax
to
Emin.
The $od'lation index( m( is:
a.m < Emin : Emax c. m < 7Emax K Emin8 : 7Emax > Emin8
b.m < Emax : Emin d. m < 7Emax > Emin8 : 7Emax K Emin8
ANS:
/. 1f V
a
sin7co
a
t8 a$"lit'de $od'lates the carrier V
c
sin7c
c
t8( it will "rod'ce the fre+'encies:
a . c
c
> c o
a
and 7
c
K c o a c . c
c
> c o
a
a n d ! c
c
> !
a
5. 7 c
c
> w
a
8 : ! a n d 7 c
c
K 5 8
a
8 : ! d. none of the above
ANS: A
2. At 155N $od'lation( the total sideband "ower is:
a.e+'al to the carrier "ower c. half the carrier "ower
b.twice the carrier "ower d. 1.&1& = carrier "ower
ANS:
3. 1f a ).9Hz signal $od'lates a 1.MHz carrier( the bandwidth of the AM signal will be:
a. ) 9Hz c. 1.55) MHz
b.15 9Hz d. none of the above
ANS: B
15. 1f an AM radio station increases its $od'lation index( yo' wo'ld ex"ect:
a.the a'dio to get lo'der at the receiver c. the signal.to.noise ratio to increase
b.the received *4 signal to increase d. all of the above
ANS: %
11. The $od'lation index can be derived fro$:
a.the ti$e.do$ain signal c. both a and b
b.the fre+'ency.do$ain signal d. none of the above
ANS:
1!. The $ain "roble$ in 'sing +'adrat're AM wo'ld be:
a.re+'ires too $'ch bandwidth c. inco$"atibility with ordinary AM radios
b.re+'ires too $'ch "ower d. all of the above
ANS:
1#. As co$"ared to "lain AM( SSB AM:
a. i s $ore effi ci ent
b.re+'ires a $ore co$"lex de$od'lator circ'it
c.re+'ires less bandwidth
d. al l of t he above
ANS: %
1&. The S in SSB S stands for:
a. si ngl e.carri er c. sideband.carrier
b.s'""ressed.carrier d. none of the above
ANS: B
1). ;G; stands for:
a.;ea9 Gnvelo"e ;ower c. ;ea9 Gnvelo"e ;rod'ct
b.;ea9 Gfficiency ;ower d. none of the above
ANS: A
1-. 1f an SSB trans$itter radiates 1555 watts at "ea9 $od'lation( what will it radiate with no $od'lationD
a.1555 watts c. !)5 watts
b.)55 watts d. 5 watts
ANS: %
1/. M'sic on AM radio stations is 6low.fidelity6 beca'se:
a. AM is s'sce"tible to noise
b.co$$ercial AM stations 'se low "ower
c.co$$ercial AM stations have a narrow bandwidth
d. al l of t he above
ANS:
12. The ty"e of infor$ation that can be sent 'sing AM is:
a. a'di o c. digital data
b.video d. all of the above
ANS: %
13. Two tones $od'late an AM carrier. Jne tone ca'ses a $od'lation index of m1 and the other tone ca'ses a
$od'lation index of m!. The total $od'lation index is:
a. m1 > m! c. s+rt7m1 x m! > m! x m18
0. 7m1 > m!8 : ! d. s+rt7m1 x m1 > m! x m!8
ANS: %
!5. To de$od'late a CSB SSB signal( the receiver $'st:
a.be set to CSB $ode c. both a and b
b.reinsert the carrier d. none of the above
ANS:
COMPLETION
1.An advantage of AM is that the receiver can be very .
ANS: si$"le
!.A disadvantage of AM is its 'se of "ower.
ANS: inefficient
#.The of an AM signal rese$bles the sha"e of the baseband signal.
ANS: envelo"e
&.1n AM( $od'lating with a single a'dio tone "rod'ces sidebands.
ANS: two
).o$"ared to the CSB( the infor$ation in the ASB is .
ANS: the sa$e
-.o$"ared to the CSB( the "ower in the ASB is .
ANS: the sa$e
0.6
/. 1n AM( total sideband "ower is always than the carrier "ower.
ANS: less
2. 1n AM( as the $od'lation index increases( the carrier "ower .
ANS: re$ains constant
3. The "ower in an AM signal is $axi$'$ when the $od'lation index is .
ANS: one
15. 1n AM( a voice.band signal of #55 Hz to #555 Hz will re+'ire a bandwidth of .
ANS: -555 Hz
11. 0ith a 1.MHz carrier( if the ASB extends down to 335 9Hz( then
the CSB will extend '" to .
ANS: 1515 9Hz
1!. 1f an AM trans$itter "'ts o't 155 watts with no $od'lation( it will "'t o't watts
with 155N $od'lation.
ANS: 1)5
SHORT NS!ER
1. An AM trans$itter generates 155 watts with 5N $od'lation. How $'ch "ower will it generate with !5N
$od'lationD
ANS:
15! watts
!. 1f the carrier "ower is 1555 watts( what is the "ower in the CSB at /5./N $od'lationD
ANS:
1!) watts
#. A carrier is $od'lated by three a'dio tones. 1f the $od'lation indexes for the tones are 5.#( 5.&( and 5.)(
then what is the total $od'lation indexD
ANS:
5./5/
&. Po' loo9 at an AM signal with an oscillosco"e and see that the $axi$'$
Vpp
is 155 volts and the
$ini$'$
Vpp
is !) volts. 0hat is the $od'lation indexD
ANS:
). A SSB trans$itter is connected to a )5.oh$ antenna. 1f the "ea9 o't"'t voltage of the trans$itter is !5
volts( what is the ;G;D
ANS:
& watts
Chapter (: n)'e Modu'ation
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The 4M $od'lation index:
a.increases with both deviation and $od'lation fre+'ency
b.increases with deviation and decreases with $od'lation fre+'ency
c.decreases with deviation and increases with $od'lation fre+'ency
d.is e+'al to twice the deviation
ANS: B
!. Jne way to derive 4M fro$ ;M is:
a.integrate the $od'lating signal before a""lying to the ;M oscillator
b.integrate the signal o't of the ;M oscillator
c.differentiate the $od'lating signal before a""lying to the ;M oscillator
d.differentiate the signal o't of the ;M oscillator
ANS: A
#. The bandwidth of an 4M signal is considered to be li$ited beca'se:
a.there can only be a finite n'$ber of sidebands
b.it is e+'al to the fre+'ency deviation
c.it is band.li$ited at the receiver
d.the "ower in the o'ter sidebands is negligible
ANS: %
&. Mathe$atically( the calc'lation of 4M bandwidth re+'ires the 'se of:
a.ordinary trigono$etry and algebra c. Taylor series
b.Bessel f'nctions d. fractals
ANS: B
). 4M bandwidth can be a""roxi$ated by:
a. Ar$strong@ s *'le c. arson@s *'le
b. Bessel@ s *'le d. none of the above
ANS:
-. NB4M stands for:
a.National Broadcast 4M c. Near Band 4M
b.Non.Broadcast 4M d. Narrowband 4M
ANS: %
/. 0hen 4M rece"tion deteriorates abr'"tly d'e to noise( it is called:
a.the ca"t're effect c. the noise effect
b.the threshold effect d. the li$it effect
ANS: B
2. An 4M receiver switching s'ddenly between two stations on nearby fre+'encies is called:
a.the ca"t're effect c. the 6two.station6 effect
b.the threshold effect d. none of the above
ANS: A
3. ;re.e$"hasis is 'sed to:
a.increase the signal to noise ratio for higher a'dio fre+'encies
b.increase the signal to noise ratio for lower a'dio fre+'encies
c.increase the signal to noise ratio for all a'dio fre+'encies
d.allow stereo a'dio to be carried by 4M stations
ANS: A
15. A "re.e$"hasis of /) Es refers to:
a.the ti$e it ta9es for the circ'it to wor9
b.the 6dead ti$e6 before de.e$"hasis occ'rs
c.the ti$e delay between the A and * channels
d.the ti$e.constant of the filter circ'its 'sed
ANS: %
11. 4M stereo:
a.'ses %SBS AM $od'lation c. has a higher S:N than $ono 4M
b.is i$"le$ented 'sing an SA signal d. is not co$"atible with $ono 4M
ANS: A
1!. An SA signal:
a.can 'se a$"lit'de $od'lation c. is $ona'ral
b.can 'se 4M $od'lation d. all of the above
ANS: %
1#. The $od'lation index of an 4M signal can be deter$ined readily:
a.'sing $eas're$ents at "oints where J5 e+'als one
b.'sing $eas're$ents at "oints where J5 e+'als zero
c.'sing $eas're$ents at "oints where the deviation e+'als zero
d.only by 'sing Bessel f'nctions
ANS: B
COMPLETION
1.4M and ;M are two for$s of $od'lation.
ANS: angle
!.;M is extensively 'sed in co$$'nication.
ANS: data
#. o$"ared to AM( the signal.to.noise ratio of 4M is 's'ally .
ANS: better
&. o$"ared to AM( the bandwidth of 4M is 's'ally .
ANS:
wider
greater
). 4M trans$itters can 'se lass a$"lifiers since a$"lit'de linearity is not
i$"ortant.
ANS:
-. Both the "ower and a$"lit'de of an 4M signal as $od'lation is a""lied.
ANS: stay constant
/. 1n 4M( the fre+'ency deviation is "ro"ortional to the instantaneo's of the
$od'lating signal.
ANS: a$"lit'de
2. The fre+'ency deviation of an 4M signal occ'rs at a rate e+'al to the of the
$od'lating signal.
ANS: fre+'ency
3. Mathe$atically( the n'$ber of sidebands in an 4M signal is .
ANS: infinite
15. As 4M sidebands get farther fro$ the center fre+'ency( their "ower .
ANS: decreases
11. Mathe$atically( the val'e of an 4M $od'lation index can be as high as .
ANS: any n'$ber
1!. 1n 4M( as the $od'lating fre+'ency decreases( the $od'lation index .
ANS: increases
1#. 1n 4M( as the fre+'ency deviation decreases( the $od'lation index .
ANS: decreases
4. f the deviation sensitivit! of an "# mod$lator is % &Hz '() what will be the mod$lation inde* ca$sed b!
a +-volt) +-&Hz a$dio si,nal-
1&. As the 4M $od'lation index increases( the n'$ber of significant sidebands .
ANS: increases
1). 4or certain val'es of mf( s'ch as !.&( the a$"lit'de of the carrier fre+'ency .
ANS:
disa""ears
goes to zero
1-. The bandwidth of an 4M signal can be a""roxi$ated 'sing r'le.
ANS: arson@s
1/. 4M bandwidth can be calc'lated "recisely 'singf'nctions.
ANS: Bessel
12. The effect is characteristic of 4M rece"tion in a noisy environ$ent.
ANS: threshold
13. The effect is seen when an 4M receiver is ex"osed to two 4M signals that are
close to each other in fre+'ency.
ANS: ca"t're
!5. *est fre+'ency is another na$e for an 4M fre+'ency.
ANS: carrier
SHORT NS!ER
1. 1f a !.volt instantaneo's val'e of $od'lating signal a$"lit'de ca'ses a 15.9Hz deviation in carrier
fre+'ency( what is the deviation sensitivity of the $od'latorD
ANS:
) 9Hz : volt
!. 1f a !.9Hz a'dio tone ca'ses a fre+'ency deviation of & 9Hz( what is the $od'lation indexD
ANS:
!
#. 0hat will be the deviation ca'sed by a #.9Hz tone if the $od'lation index is #D
ANS:
3 9Hz
ANS:
). At a $od'lation index of !( how $'ch "ower is in the carrier of a 1555.watt 4M trans$itterD
ANS:
&2.& watts
-. At a $od'lation index of !( how $'ch "ower is in the first "air of sidebands of a 1555.watt 4M
trans$itterD
ANS:
-/# watts
/. At a $od'lation index of !( how $'ch "ower is in the fifth "air of sidebands of a 1555.watt 4M
trans$itterD
ANS:
!55 $0 75.! watt8
2. Csing arson@s r'le( what is the a""roxi$ate bandwidth of an 4M signal with a $od'lation index of !
being $od'lated by a ).9Hz signalD
ANS:
#5 9Hz
3. Csing the Bessel chart of 4ig're &.1( what is the bandwidth of an 4M signal with a $od'lation index of !
being $od'lated by a ).9Hz signal if we ignore sidebands containing less than 1N of the total "owerD
ANS:
#5 9Hz
15. How wo'ld yo' 'se the fact that J5 is zero for certain 9nown val'es of mf 7!.&( ).)( etc8 to $eas're the
fre+'ency deviation of an 4M $od'latorD
ANS:
Cse an a'dio fre+'ency generator to $od'late the 4M carrier. Csing a s"ectr'$ analyzer( ad?'st the a'dio
fre+'ency 'ntil the carrier a$"lit'de vanishes. *ecord the a'dio fre+'ency. Then do the calc'lation: <
f
m
= mf where mf will have one of the 9nown val'es. 4or exa$"le( if f
m
is $eas'red to be ! 9Hz when mf is
).)( then is 11 9Hz.
ANS:
Chapter *: Transmitters
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The ability to change o"erating fre+'ency ra"idly witho't a lot of ret'ning is called:
a. agil it y c. B4J
b.ex"ansion d. s"read.s"ectr'$
ANS: A
!. The difference between the % "ower into a trans$itter and the *4 "ower co$ing o't:
a.is a $eas're of efficiency c. $ay re+'ire water cooling
b.heats the trans$itter d. all of the above
ANS: %
#. Baseband co$"ression "rod'ces:
a.a s$aller range of fre+'encies fro$ low to high
b.a s$aller range of a$"lit'de fro$ soft to lo'd
c.a s$aller n'$ber of signals
d. none of t he above
ANS: B
&. AA stands for:
a.A$"lit'de Aevel ontrol c. Acc'rate Aevel ontrol
b.A'to$atic Aevel ontrol d. none of the above
ANS: B
). 1n an AM trans$itter( AA is 'sed to:
a.9ee" the $od'lation close to 155N c. $axi$ize trans$itted "ower
b.9ee" the $od'lation below 155N d. all of the above
ANS: %
-. 0ith high.level AM:
a.all *4 a$"lifiers can be nonlinear c. $ini$'$ *4 "ower is re+'ired
b.$ini$'$ $od'lation "ower is re+'ired d. all of the above
ANS: A
/. 0ith high.level AM:
a.the *4 a$"lifiers are ty"ically lass A c. the *4 a$"lifiers are ty"ically lass
b.the *4 a$"lifiers are ty"ically lass B d. the *4 a$"lifiers are ty"ically lass AB
ANS:
2. 0ith low.level AM:
a.the *4 a$"lifiers $'st be lass A c. the *4 a$"lifiers $'st be linear
b.the *4 a$"lifiers $'st be lass B d. the *4 a$"lifiers $'st be low."ower
3. ;ower a$"lifiers $'st be linear for any signal that:
a.is co$"lex c. has variable fre+'ency
b.has variable a$"lit'de d. all of the above
ANS: B
15. 1n high.level AM( 6high.level6 refers to:
a.the "ower level of the carrier c. the "ower level of the final *4 a$"lifier
b.the "ower level of the $od'lation d. none of the above
ANS: %
11. 1n high.level AM( the "ower in the sidebands co$es fro$:
a.the $od'lating a$"lifier c. the driver stage
b. the *4 a$"lifier d. the carrier
ANS: A
1!. 1n an AM trans$itter with 155N $od'lation( the voltage of the final *4 stage will be:
a.a""roxi$ately half the % s'""ly voltage
b.a""roxi$ately twice the % s'""ly voltage
c.a""roxi$ately fo'r ti$es the % s'""ly voltage
d. none of t he above
ANS:
1#. ;ractical trans$itters are 's'ally designed to drive a load i$"edance of:
a.)5 oh$s resistive c. #55 oh$s resistive
b./) oh$s resistive d. -55 oh$s resistive
ANS: A
1&. 0hich of the following can be 'sed for i$"edance $atchingD
a."i networ9 c. both a and b
b.T networ9 d. a bridge circ'it
ANS:
1). 0hen a trans$itter is connected to a resistor instead of an antenna( the resistor is called:
a.a heavy load c. a te$"orary load
b. a d'$$y l oad d. a test load
ANS: B
1-. 0hen a trans$itter is connected to a resistor instead of an antenna( the resistor $'st be:
a.wire.wo'nd c. 1N tolerance or better
b. noni nd'ct i ve d. all of the above
ANS: B
1/. A lass % a$"lifier is:
a. very efficient c. essentially "'lse.d'ration $od'lation
b. essentially "'lse.width $od'lation d. all of the above
ANS: %
12. To generate a SSB signal:
a.start with f'll.carrier AM c. start with a +'adrat're signal
b.start with %SBS d. all of the above
ANS: B
13. The carrier is s'""ressed in:
a.a balanced $od'lator c. a fre+'ency $'lti"lier
b.a $ixer d. none of the above
ANS: A
!5. To re$ove one AM sideband and leave the other yo' co'ld 'se:
a.a $echanical filter c. both a and b
b.a crystal filter d. none of the above
ANS:
!1. A direct 4M $od'lator:
a.varies the fre+'ency of the carrier oscillator
b.integrates the $od'lating signal
c. bot h a and b
d. none of t he above
ANS: A
!!. An indirect 4M $od'lator:
a.re+'ires a varactor in the carrier oscillator
b.varies the "hase of the carrier oscillator
c. bot h a and b
d. none of t he above
ANS: B
!#. A4 stands for:
a.A$"lit'de to 4re+'ency onversion c. A'to$atic 4re+'ency ontrol
b.A'to$atic 4re+'ency entering d. A'dio 4re+'ency ontrol
ANS:
!&. 4re+'ency $'lti"liers are:
a.essentially balanced $od'lators c. essentially $ixers
b.essentially lass a$"lifiers d. none of the above
ANS: B
!). 0ith $ixing:
a.the carrier fre+'ency can be raised
b.the carrier fre+'ency can be lowered
c.the carrier fre+'ency can be changed to any re+'ired val'e
d. the deviation is altered
ANS:
COMPLETION
1. The acc'racy and stability of a trans$itter fre+'ency is fixed by the oscillator.
ANS: carrier
!. 1n the CSA( the sets re+'ire$ents for acc'racy and stability of a trans$itter@s
fre+'ency.
ANS: 4
#. 1n anada( sets re+'ire$ents for acc'racy and stability of a trans$itter@s
fre+'ency.
ANS: 1nd'stry anada
&. 4re+'ency is the ability of a trans$itter to change fre+'ency witho't a lot of
ret'ning.
ANS: agility
). ;ower o't"'t of SSB trans$itters is rated by .
ANS: ;G;
-. *ed'cing the dyna$ic range of a $od'lating signal is called .
ANS: co$"ression
/. The o""osite of co$"ression is called .
ANS: ex"ansion
2. AA is a for$ of .
ANS: co$"ression
3. High.level $od'lation allows the *4 a$"lifiers to o"erate $ore .
ANS: efficiently
15. Aow.level $od'lation re+'ires the *4 a$"lifiers to be .
ANS: linear
11. To isolate the oscillator fro$ load changes( a stage is 'sed.
ANS: b'ffer
1!. The "ea9 collector voltage in a lass *4 a$"lifier is than the % s'""ly
voltage.
ANS: higher
1#. Most "ractical trans$itters are designed to o"erate into a .oh$ load.
ANS: )5
1&. Trans$itters b'ilt with transistor *4 a$"lifiers often 'se a networ9 for
i$"edance $atching.
ANS: T
1). Matching networ9s also act as filters to hel" red'ce levels.
ANS: har$onic
1-. Severe i $"edance can destroy a trans$itter@s o't"'t stage.
ANS: $is$atch
1/. Transceivers co$bine a trans$itter and a into one 6box6.
ANS: receiver
12. To allow a high $od'lation "ercentage( it is co$$on to $od'late the as well as
the "ower a$"lifier in transistor $od'lators.
ANS: driver
13. ;'lse.width $od'lation is the sa$e as "'lse. $od'lation.
ANS: d'ration
!5. Switching a$"lifiers are so$eti$es called lass a$"lifiers.
ANS: %
!1. Beca'se the sideband filter in a SSB trans$itter is fixed( is 'sed to o"erate at
$ore than one fre+'ency.
ANS: $ixing
!!. To generate a SSB signal( it is co$$on to start with a signal.
ANS: %SBS
!#. 1ndirect 4M is derived fro$ $od'lation.
ANS: "hase
!&. Csing a varactor to generate 4M is an exa$"le of a $od'lator.
ANS: reactance
!). The $odern way to $a9e a stable B4J is to $a9e it "art of a loo".
ANS: "hase.loc9ed
SHORT NS!ER
1. 1f a )5.MHz oscillator is acc'rate to within 5.551N( what is the range of "ossible fre+'enciesD
ANS:
)5 MHz Q )55 hertz
!. 0hat is the efficiency of a 155.watt $obile trans$itter if it draws 11 a$"s fro$ a 1!.volt car
batteryD
ANS:
/).2N
#. The "ower a$"lifier of an AM trans$itter draws 155 watts fro$ the "ower s'""ly with no $od'lation.
Ass'$ing high.level $od'lation( how $'ch "ower does the $od'lation a$"lifier deliver for 155N
$od'lationD
ANS:
)5 watts
&. 1f the final *4 a$"lifier of an AM trans$itter is "owered by 155 volts %( what is the $axi$'$
collector voltage at 155N $od'lationD
ANS: &55
volts
). S'""ose the o't"'t of a balanced $od'lator has a center fre+'ency of 15 MHz. The a'dio $od'lation
fre+'ency range is 1 9Hz to 15 9Hz. To "ass the CSB( what sho'ld be the center fre+'ency of an ideal
crystal filterD
ANS:
15.55) MHz
-. S'""ose yo' have generated a CSB SSB signal with a no$inal carrier fre+'ency of 15 MHz. 0hat is the
$ini$'$ fre+'ency the SSB signal can be $ixed with so that the o't"'t signal has a no$inal carrier
fre+'ency of )5 MHzD
ANS:
&5 MHz
/. S'""ose yo' have an 4M $od'lator that "'ts o't 1 MHz carrier with a 155.hertz deviation. 1f fre+'ency
$'lti"lication is 'sed to increase the deviation to &55 hertz( what will be the new carrier fre+'encyD
ANS:
& MHz
2. S'""ose yo' had an 4M signal with a carrier of 15 MHz and a deviation of 15 9Hz. Gx"lain how yo'
co'ld 'se it to get an 4M signal at 155 MHz with a deviation of !5 9Hz.
ANS:
4irst( "'t the signal thro'gh a fre+'ency do'bler to get a !5.MHz carrier with a !5.9Hz deviation. Then
$ix that signal with an 25.MHz carrier to generate a 155.MHz carrier with !5.9Hz deviation.
Chapter +: Recei,ers
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The two basic s"ecifications for a receiver are:
a.the sensitivity and the selectivity
b.the n'$ber of converters and the n'$ber of 14s
c.the s"'rio's res"onse and the trac9ing
d.the signal and the noise
ANS: A
!. The s'"erheterodyne receiver was invented by:
a. 4ost er c. Ar$strong
b. Seeley d. Hertz
ANS:
#. Tri$$ers and "adders are:
a.two ty"es of ad?'sting tools c. s$all ad?'stable ind'ctors
b.s$all ad?'stable resistors d. s$all ad?'stable ca"acitors
ANS: %
&. 6S9in effect6 refers to:
a.the way radio signals travel across a flat s'rface
b.the tiss'e.b'rning effect of a strong *4 signal
c.the increase of wire resistance with fre+'ency
d. none of t he above
ANS:
). The 6front end6 of a receiver can incl'de:
a.the t'ner c. the $ixer
b. the *4 a$"lifier d. all of the above
ANS: %
-. 6146 stands for:
a.inter$ediate fre+'ency c. indeter$inate fre+'ency
b.inter$od'lation fre+'ency d. i$age fre+'ency
ANS: A
/. AL stands for:
a.A'dio Lain ontrol c. Active Lain ontrol
b.A'to$atic Lain ontrol d. Active Lain onversion
ANS: B
2. The fre+'ency of the local oscillator:
a. is above the *4 fre+'ency
b.is below the *4 fre+'ency
c.can be either above of below the *4 fre+'ency
d.is fixed( ty"ically at &)) 9Hz.
ANS:
3. The local oscillator and $ixer are co$bined in one device beca'se:
a.it gives a greater red'ction of s"'rio's res"onses
b.it increases sensitivity
c.it increases selectivity
d. i t is chea"er
ANS: %
15. Basically( sensitivity $eas'res:
a.the wea9est signal that can be 'sef'lly received
b.the highest.fre+'ency signal that can be 'sef'lly received
c.the dyna$ic range of the a'dio a$"lifier
d. none of t he above
ANS: A
11. Basically( selectivity $eas'res:
a.the range of fre+'encies that the receiver can select
b.with two signals close in fre+'ency( the ability to receive one and re?ect the other
c.how well ad?acent fre+'encies are se"arated by the de$od'lator
d.how well the ad?acent fre+'encies are se"arated in the $ixer
ANS: B
1!. 0hen co$"aring val'es for sha"e factor:
a.a val'e of 1.&1& dB is ideal c. a val'e of 1.5 is ideal
b.a val'e of 5./5/ is ideal d. there is no ideal val'e
ANS:
1#. 0hen co$"aring val'es for sha"e factor:
a.a val'e of ! is better than a val'e of & c. both val'es are basically e+'ivalent
b.a val'e of & is better than a val'e of ! d. none of the above
ANS: A
1&. %istortion in a receiver can occ'r in:
a.the $ixer c. the 14 a$"lifiers
b. t he det ect or d. all of the above
ANS: %
1). ;hase distortion is i$"ortant in:
a.voice co$$'nications syste$s c. $onochro$e video receivers
b.color video receivers d. all of the above
ANS: B
1-. The res"onse of a receiver to wea9 signals is 's'ally li$ited by:
a.the AL c. the dyna$ic range of the receiver
b.noise generated in the receiver d. the ty"e of detector circ'it being 'sed
ANS: B
1/. 1$age fre+'encies occ'r when two signals:
a. are trans$itted on the sa$e fre+'ency
b. enter the $ixer( with one being a reflected signal e+'al to the 14 fre+'ency
c. enter the $ixer( one below and one above the local oscillator by a difference e+'al to the
14
d. enter the $ixer( and the difference between the two signals is e+'al to twice the 14
ANS:
12. An i$age $'st be re?ected:
a. "rior to $ixing c. "rior to detection
b."rior to 14 a$"lification d. i$ages cannot be re?ected
ANS: A
13. 1$age fre+'ency "roble$s wo'ld be red'ced by:
a.having an 14 a$"lifier with the "ro"er sha"e factor
b.having a wideband *4 a$"lifier after the $ixer
c.having a narrowband *4 a$"lifier before the $ixer
d. none of t he above
ANS:
!5. A co$$on AM detector is the:
a.;AA c. ratio detector
b.envelo"e detector d. all of the above
ANS: B
!1. An 4M detector is the:
a.;AA c. +'adrat're detector
b. rat i o det ect or d. all of the above
ANS: %
!!. Ler$ani'$ diodes are 'sed in AM detectors beca'se:
a.they are faster than silicon diodes
b.they are chea"er than silicon diodes
c.they $ini$ize distortion fro$ nonlinearity
d. al l of t he above
ANS:
!#. A co$$on SSB detector is:
a. a ;AA c. a B4J
b.a dioded. a "rod'ct detector
ANS: %
!&. B4J stands for:
a.Beat 4re+'ency Jscillator c. Bi"olar 4re+'ency Jscillator
b.Barrier 4re+'ency Jscillator d. Bistable 4re+'ency Jscillator
ANS: A
!). To de$od'late both SSB and %SBS( yo' need to:
a.'se a 4oster.Seeley discri$inator
b. rei n? ect t he carri er
c. 'se do'ble conversion
d.'se one diode for SSB and two diodes for %SBS
ANS: B
!-. 0hich wo'ld be best for %SBS:
a.carrier detection c. envelo"e detection
b.coherent detection d. ratio detection
ANS: B
!/. An 4M detector that is not sensitive to a$"lit'de variations is:
a.4oster.Seeley detector c. a ;AA detector
b.a +'adrat're detector d. all of the above
ANS:
!2. The f'nction of a li$iter is:
a.to re$ove a$"lit'de variations c. to li$it dyna$ic range
b.to li$it s"'rio's res"onses d. to li$it noise res"onse
ANS: A
!3. S'""ressing the a'dio when no signal is "resent is called:
a.AL c. A4
b.s+'elch d. li$iting
ANS: B
#5. ANA stands for:
a.Ai$ited.Noise A$"lifier c. Aow.Noise A'dio
b.Aow.Noise A$"lifier d. Aogarith$ic Noise A$"lification
ANS: B
#1. A4 stands for:
a.A'dio 4re+'ency o$"ensator c. A'to$atic 4re+'ency ontrol
b.A'todyne 4re+'ency o$"ensation d. A'tono$o's 4re+'ency ontrol
ANS:
#!. The f'nction of A4 is:
a.$aintain a constant 14 fre+'ency
b.$atch the local oscillator to the received signal
c.loc9 the discri$inator to the 14 fre+'ency
d. none of t he above
ANS: B
##. SA0 stands for:
a.Sy$$etrical A'dio 0ave c. Silicon.Activated 0afer
b.S'rface Aco'stic 0ave d. Software.Activated 0ave
ANS: B
#&. The i$"ortant "ro"erty of a SA0 is:
a.it stabilizes the a'dio in a receiver c. it is a stable band"ass filter
b.it allows software radios to be b'ilt d. none of the above
ANS:
#). The $ain f'nction of the AL is to:
a.9ee" the gain of the receiver constant
b.9ee" the gain of the 14 a$"lifiers constant
c.9ee" the in"'t to the detector at a constant a$"lit'de
d. al l of t he above
ANS:
#-. %S; stands for:
a.%yna$ic Signal ;ro"erties c. %istorted Signal ;ac9et
b.%irect Signal ;hase d. %igital Signal ;rocessor
ANS: %
#/. S1NA% stands for:
a.Sin'soidal A$"lit'de %istortion
b.Signal and Noise A$"lit'de %istortion
c.Signal."l's.Noise.to.Noise *atio
d.Signal."l's.Noise and %istortion.to.Noise and %istortion *atio
ANS: %
#2. T*4 stands for:
a.T'ned *adio 4re+'ency c. Trans$itted *adio 4re+'ency
b.Trac9ing *adio 4re+'ency d. T'ned *eceiver 4'nction
ANS: A
COMPLETION
1. Al$ost all $odern receivers 'se the "rinci"le.
ANS: s'"erheterodyne
!. The first radio receiver of any 9ind was b'ilt in the year .
ANS: 122/
#. 0hen two t'ned circ'its each other( it $eans that when the fre+'ency of one is
ad?'sted( the other changes with it.
ANS: trac9
&. The effect ca'ses the resistance of wire to increase with fre+'ency.
ANS: s9in
). The s'"erhet was invented in the year .
ANS: 1312
-. 1n a receiver( the refers to the in"'t filter and *4 stage.
ANS: front end
/. 1n a s'"erhet( the o't"'t of the goes to the 14 a$"lifiers.
ANS: $ixer
2. 1n a s'"erhet( the fre+'ency is the difference between the local oscillator
fre+'ency and the received signal fre+'ency.
ANS:
inter$ediate
14
3. The circ'it ad?'sts the gain of the 14 a$"lifiers in res"onse to signal strength.
ANS: AL
15. An converter 'ses the sa$e transistor for both the local oscillator and the $ixer.
ANS: a'todyne
11. 1n low.side in?ection( the local oscillator is than the received signal fre+'ency.
ANS: lower
1!. is the ability of a receiver to se"arate two signals that are close to each other in
fre+'ency.
ANS: Selectivity
1#. is the ability of a receiver to receive and s'ccessf'lly de$od'late a very wea9
signal.
ANS: Sensitivity
1&. A receiver with two different 14 fre+'encies is called a do'ble. receiver.
ANS: conversion
1). A $'lti"le.conversion receiver will have better re?ection of fre+'encies.
ANS: i$age
1-. A de$od'lator is also called a .
ANS: detector
1/. An detector 'ses a diode to half.wave rectify an AM signal.
ANS: envelo"e
12. A detector is 'sed for SSB signals.
ANS: "rod'ct
13. A B4J "rod'ces a locally generated .
ANS: carrier
!5. A %SBS signal re+'ires a detection circ'it.
ANS: coherent
!1. 4M detectors have a characteristic .sha"ed c'rve.
ANS: S
!!. 0hile still co$$only fo'nd( the 4oster.Seeley and ratio detectors are .
ANS: obsolescent
!#. Cnli9e the ;AA detector( the +'adrat're detector is sensitive to changes in of the
in"'t signal.
ANS: a$"lit'de
!&. A d'al. MJS4GT is 'sef'l for AL.
ANS: gate
!). %i ode $i xers are t oo to be "ractical in $ost a""lications.
ANS: noisy
!-. The 14 a$"lifiers in an AM receiver $'st be lass .
ANS: A
!/. A do'ble.t'ned 14 transfor$er is 's'ally co'"led for the res"onse to have a flat
to" and stee" sides.
ANS: over
!2. M'lti"le 14 stages can be .t'ned to increase the bandwidth.
ANS: stagger
!3. o$"ared to t'ned circ'its( cera$ic and crystal 14 filters do not re+'ire .
ANS: ad?'st$ent
#5. C".conversion is when the o't"'t of the $ixer is a fre+'ency than the inco$ing
signal.
ANS: higher
#1. 1n a bloc9 converter( the fre+'ency of the first local oscillator is .
ANS:
fixed
constant
#!. Ty"ically( AL red'ces the gain of the a$"lifiers.
ANS: 14
# # . A n .$eter is designed to indicate signal strength in $any co$$'nications
receivers.
ANS: S
#&. The effectiveness of 4M is $eas'red by a receiverRs +'ieting sensitivity.
ANS: li$iting
#). A refers to any 9ind of 4M or ;M detector.
ANS: discri$inator
SHORT NS!ER
1. S'""ose the bandwidth of a t'ned circ'it is 15 9Hz at 1 MHz. A""roxi$ately what bandwidth wo'ld yo'
ex"ect it to have at & MHzD
ANS:
!5 9Hz
!. Csing high.side in?ection for a 1.MHz 14( what is the fre+'ency of the local oscillator when the
receiver is t'ned to ) MHzD
ANS:
- MHz
#. An 14 filter has a K-5 dB bandwidth of !) 9Hz and a K- dB bandwidth of !5 9Hz. 0hat is the sha"e
factor val'eD
ANS:
1.!)
&. S'""ose a receiver 'ses a ).MHz 14 fre+'ency. Ass'$ing high.side in?ection( what wo'ld be the i$age
fre+'ency if the receiver was t'ned to )5 MHzD
ANS:
-5 MHz
). S'""ose a SSB receiver re+'ires an in?ected fre+'ency of 1.) MHz. 0hat wo'ld be the acce"table
fre+'ency range of the B4J if the $axi$'$ acce"table baseband shift is 155 hertzD
ANS:
1.) MHz Q 155 hertz
-. The transfor$er of a do'ble.t'ned 14 a$"lifier has a Q of !) for both "ri$ary and secondary. 0hat
val'e of k
c
do yo' need to achieve o"ti$al co'"lingD
ANS:
5.5-
/. 0hat val'e of transfor$er co'"ling wo'ld a do'ble.t'ned 15.MHz 14 a$"lifier with o"ti$al co'"ling
need to get a bandwidth of 155 9HzD
ANS:
5.51
Chapter -: .i)ita' Communications
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The first digital code was the:
a.AS11 code c. Morse code
b.Ba'dot code d. none of the above
ANS:
!. 1n digital trans$ission( signal degradation can be re$oved 'sing:
a.an a$"lifier c. a regenerative re"eater
b. a filter d. all of the above
ANS:
#. T%M stands for:
a.Ti$e.%ivision M'lti"lexing c. Ten.%igital Manchester
b.Ti$e.%o$ain M'lti"lexing d. Ten %'al.Manchester
ANS: A
&. Hartley@s Aaw is:
a.I < ktB c. C < B log!71 > S:N8
b.C < !B log!M d. SR < !fmax
ANS: A
). The Shannon.Hartley theore$ is:
a.I < ktB c. C < B log!71 > S:N8
b.C < !B log!M d. SR < !fmax
ANS: B
-. The Shannon Ai$it is given by:
a.I < ktB c. C < B log!71 > S:N8
b.C < !B log!M d. SR < !fmax
ANS:
/. The Ny+'ist *ate can be ex"ressed as:
a.I < ktB c. C < B log!71 > S:N8
b.C < !B log!M d. SR < !fmax
ANS: %
2. Nat'ral Sa$"ling does not 'se:
a.a sa$"le.and.hold circ'it c. a fixed sa$"le rate
b.tr'e binary n'$bers d. an analog.to.digital converter
ANS: A
3. 0hich is tr'e abo't aliasing and foldover distortionD
a.They are two ty"es of sa$"ling error.
b.Po' can have one or the other( b't not both.
c.Aliasing is a techni+'e to "revent foldover distortion.
d.They are the sa$e thing.
ANS: %
15. 4oldover distortion is ca'sed by:
a. noi se c. too few sa$"les "er second
b.too $any sa$"les "er second d. all of the above
ANS:
11. The i$$ediate res'lt of sa$"ling is:
a. a sa$"l e ali as c. ;M
b.;AM d. ;%M
ANS: B
1!. 0hich of these is not a "'lse.$od'lation techni+'e:
a.;%M c. ;;M
b.;0M d. ;;S
ANS: %
1#. H'antizing noise 7+'antization noise8:
a.decreases as the sa$"le rate increases
b.decreases as the sa$"le rate decreases
c.decreases as the bits "er sa$"le increases
d.decreases as the bits "er sa$"le decreases
ANS:
1&. The dyna$ic range of a syste$ is the ratio of:
a.the strongest trans$ittable signal to the wea9est discernible signal
b.the $axi$'$ rate of conversion to the $ini$'$ rate of conversion
c.the $axi$'$ bits "er sa$"le to the $ini$'$ bits "er sa$"le
d. none of t he above
ANS: A
1). o$"anding is 'sed to:
a.co$"ress the range of base.band fre+'encies
b.red'ce dyna$ic range at higher bit.rates
c."reserve dyna$ic range while 9ee"ing bit.rate low
d.$axi$ize the 'seable bandwidth in digital trans$ission
ANS:
1-. 1n North A$erica( co$"anding 'ses:
a.the Aogarith$ic Aaw c. the c x Aaw 7al"ha law8
b.the A Aaw d. the E Aaw 7$' law8
ANS: %
1/. 1n G'ro"e( co$"anding 'ses:
a.the Aogarith$ic Aaw c. the c x Aaw 7al"ha law8
b.the A Aaw d. the E Aaw 7$' law8
ANS: B
12. odec stands for:
a. oder.%ecoder c. ode.o$"ression
b. oded.arri er d. none of the above
ANS: A
13. A ty"ical codec in a tele"hone syste$ sends and receives:
a. &.bi t n'$bersc. 1!.bit n'$bers
b. 2.bi t n'$bers d. 1-.bit n'$bers
ANS: B
!5. o$"ared to ;M( delta $od'lation:
a.trans$its fewer bits "er sa$"le c. can s'ffer slo"e overload
b.re+'ires a $'ch higher sa$"ling rate d. all of the above
ANS: %
!1. 1n delta $od'lation( 6gran'lar noise6 is "rod'ced when:
a.the signal changes too ra"idly c. the bit rate is too high
b.the signal does not change d. the sa$"le is too large
ANS: B
!!. o$"ared to ;M( ada"tive delta $od'lation can trans$it voice:
a.with a lower bit rate b't red'ced +'ality c. only over shorter distances
b.with a lower bit rate b't the sa$e +'ality d. only if the voice is band.li$ited
ANS: B
!#. 0hich coding sche$e re+'ires % contin'ity:
a.AM1 c. 'ni"olar N*S
b.Manchester d. bi"olar *S
ANS:
!&. Manchester coding:
a. i s a bi "hase code
b.has a level transition in the $iddle of every bit "eriod
c."rovides strong ti$ing infor$ation
d. al l of t he above
ANS: %
!). The n'$ber of fra$ing bits in %S.1 is:
%..
a.1 c. &
b.! d. 2
ANS: A
!-. 4ra$ing bits in %S.1 are 'sed to:
a. det ect errors c. synchronize the trans$itter and receiver
b. carry signaling d. all of the above
ANS:
!/. So.called 6stolen6 bits in %S.1 are 'sed to:
a. det ect errors c. synchronize the trans$itter and receiver
b. carry signaling d. all of the above
ANS: B
!2. The n'$ber of bits "er sa$"le in %S.1 is:
a.1
b.!
ANS: %
The n'$ber of sa$"les "er second in %S.1 is:
a.2 9
b . ) - 9
5.
a.
c.
d.
&
2
-& 9
1.)&&
=
15
-
ANS: A
#5. The bit rate for each channel in %S.1 is:
a.1.)&& Mb:s c. )- 9b:s
b.-& 9b:sd. 2 9b:s
ANS: B
#1. 1n %S.1( bits are trans$itted over a T.1 cable at:
a.1.)&& MB:s c. )- 9b:s
b.-& 9b:sd. 2 9b:s
ANS: A
#!. A T.1 cable 'ses:
a.Manchester coding c. N*S coding
b.bi"olar *S AM1 coding d. "'lse.width coding
ANS: B
##. The n'$ber of fra$es in a s'"erfra$e is:
a.- c. !&
b.1! d. &2
ANS: B
#&. A ty"ical T.1 line 'ses:
a.twisted."air wire c. fiber.o"tic cable
b. coaxial cabl e d. $icrowave
ANS: A
#). 6Signaling6 is 'sed to indicate:
a.on.hoo9:off.hoo9 condition c. ringing
b.b'sy signal d. all of the above
ANS: %
#-. A vocoder i$"le$ents co$"ression by:
a.constr'cting a $odel of the trans$ission $edi'$
b.constr'cting a $odel of the h'$an vocal syste$
c.finding red'ndancies in the digitized data
d.'sing lossless techni+'es
ANS: B
#/. o$"ared to standard ;M syste$s( the +'ality of the o't"'t of a vocoder is:
a.$'ch better c. abo't the sa$e
b. so$ewhat better d. not as good
ANS: %
COMPLETION
1. %igitizing a signal often res'lts in trans$ission +'ality.
ANS:
i$"roved
better
!. To send it over an analog channel( a digital signal $'st be onto a carrier.
ANS: $od'lated
#. To send it over a digital channel( an analog signal $'st first be .
ANS: digitized
&. 1n analog channels( the signal.to.noise ratio of an analog signal grad'ally as the
length of the channel increases.
ANS:
decreases
gets worse
). The val'e of a "'lse is the only infor$ation it carries on a digital channel.
ANS: binary
-. A re"eater is 'sed to restore the sha"e of "'lses on a digital cable.
ANS: regenerative
/. There are techni+'es to detect and so$e errors in digital trans$ission.
ANS: correct
2. onverting an analog signal to digital for$ is another so'rce of in digital
trans$ission syste$s.
ANS:
error
noise
3. .division $'lti"lexing is easily done in digital trans$ission.
ANS: Ti$e
15. All "ractical co$$'nications channels are band. .
ANS: li$ited
11. Aaw gives the relationshi" between ti$e( infor$ation ca"acity( and bandwidth.
ANS: Hartley@s
1!. 1gnori ng noi se( t he theore$ gives the $axi$'$ rate of data trans$ission
for a given bandwidth.
ANS: Shannon.Hartley
1#. The li$it gives the $axi$'$ rate of data trans$ission for a given bandwidth
and a given signal.to.noise ratio.
ANS: Shannon
1&. sa$"ling is done witho't a sa$"le.and.hold circ'it.
ANS: Nat'ral
1). The *ate is the $ini$'$ sa$"ling rate for converting analog signals to digital
for$at.
ANS: Ny+'ist
1-. distortion occ'rs when an analog signal is sa$"led at too slow a rate.
ANS: 4oldover
1/. $eans that higher fre+'ency baseband signals fro$ the trans$itter 6ass'$e the
identity6 of low.fre+'ency baseband signals at the receiver when sent digitally.
ANS: Aliasing
12. The o't"'t of a sa$"le.and.hold circ'it is a "'lse. $od'lated signal.
ANS: a$"lit'de
13. $od'lation is the $ost co$$only 'sed digital $od'lation sche$e.
ANS: ;'lse.code
!5. noise res'lts fro$ the "rocess of converting an analog signal into digital for$at.
ANS: H'antizing
!1. is 'sed to "reserve dyna$ic range 'sing a reasonable bandwidth.
ANS: o$"anding
!!. 1n North A$erica( co$"ression is done 'sing the .law e+'ation.
ANS:
E
$'
!#. 1n G'ro"e( co$"ression is done 'sing the .law e+'ation.
ANS: A
!&. A is an 1 that converts a voice signal to ;M and vice versa.
ANS: codec
!). 1n a ;M syste$( the sa$"les of the analog signal are first converted to bits
before being co$"ressed to 2 bits.
ANS: 1!
!-. The n'$ber of bits "er sa$"le trans$itted in delta $od'lation is .
ANS:
1
one
!/. %elta $od'lation re+'ires a sa$"ling rate than ;M for the sa$e +'ality of
re"rod'ction.
ANS: higher
!2. noise is "rod'ced by a delta $od'lator if the analog signal doesn@t change.
ANS: Lran'lar
!3. 1n delta $od'lation( overload can occ'r if the analog signal changes too fast.
ANS: slo"e
#5. The size varies in ada"tive delta $od'lation.
ANS: ste"
#1. Ada"tive delta $od'lation can trans$it ;M.+'ality voice at abo't the bit rate
of ;M.
ANS: hal f
#!. Cni"olar N*S is not "ractical beca'se $ost channels do not have contin'ity.
ANS: %
##. 1n AM1( binary ones are re"resented by a voltage that alternates in .
ANS: "olarity
#&. Aong strings of sho'ld be avoided in AM1.
ANS: zeros
#). Manchester code has a level in the center of each bit "eriod.
ANS: transition
#-. Manchester coding "rovides infor$ation regardless of the "attern of ones and
zeros.
ANS: ti$ing
#/. Ther e ar e channels in a %S.1 fra$e.
ANS: !&
#2. %S.1 'ses a bit to synchronize the trans$itter and receiver.
ANS: fra$ing
#3. 1n %S.1( each channel is sa$"led ti$es "er second.
ANS: 2555
&5. %ata is carried over a T.1 line at a rate of bits "er second.
ANS: 1.)&& = 15
-
&1. A gro'" of 1! %S.1 fra$es is called a .
ANS: s'"erfra$e
&!. 4ro$ a gro'" of twelve fra$es( signaling bits are 6stolen6 fro$ every fra$e.
ANS: sixth
&#. co$"ression trans$its all the data in the original signal b't 'ses fewer bits to do
it.
ANS: Aossless
SHORT NS!ER
1. Cse Hartley@s Aaw to find how $'ch ti$e it wo'ld ta9e to send 155(555 bits over a channel with a
bandwidth of !(555 hertz and a channel constant of k < 15.
ANS:
) seconds
!. Cse the Shannon.Hartley theore$ to find the bandwidth re+'ired to send 1!(555 bits "er second if the
n'$ber of levels trans$itted is 2.
ANS:
!555 hertz
#. 0hat is the Shannon Ai$it of a channel that has a bandwidth of &555 hertz and a signal.to.noise ratio of
1)D
ANS:
1- 9b"s
&. 0hat is the $ini$'$ re+'ired n'$ber of sa$"les "er second to digitize an analog signal with fre+'ency
co$"onents ranging fro$ #55 hertz to ##55 hertzD
ANS:
--55 sa$"les:second
). 0hat is the a""roxi$ate dyna$ic range( in dB( of a linear ;M syste$ that 'ses 1! bits "er sa$"leD
ANS:
/& dB
-. 0hat is the a""roxi$ate data rate for a syste$ 'sing 2 bits "er sa$"le and r'nning at 2555 sa$"les "er
secondD
ANS:
-& 9b"s
/. 1f bits were 6stolen6 fro$ every %S.1 fra$e( what wo'ld the 'seable data.rate be for each channel in the
fra$eD
ANS:
)- 9b"s
2. Ass'$ing $axi$'$ in"'t and o't"'t voltages of 1 volt( what is the o't"'t voltage of a E.law co$"ressor
if the in"'t voltage is 5.#22 voltD
ANS:
5.2## volt
Chapter /: The Te'ephone System
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. %TM4 stands for:
a.%igital Tele"hony M'lti"le 4re+'ency c. %'al.Tone M'ltifre+'ency
b.%ial Tone Master 4re+'ency d. %igital Tr'n9 Master 4re+'ency
ANS:
!. ;STN stands for:
a.;'blic Switched Tele"hone Networ9 c. ;ri$ary Service Tele"hone Networ9
b.;rivate Switched Tele"hone Networ9 d. ;ri$ary Service Tele"hone N'$bers
ANS: A
#. ;JTS stands for:
a.;rivate Jffice Tele"hone Syste$ c. ;ri$ary J"erational Test Syste$
b.;ri$ary Jffice Tele"hone Service d. ;lain Jld Tele"hone Service
ANS: %
&. AATA stands for:
a.Aocal Access and Trans"ort Area c. Aocal Area Tele"hone Access
b.Aocal Access Tele"hone Area d. Aocal Area Trans"ort Access
ANS: A
). A AATA is a:
a.a local calling area c. a way of accessing a tande$ office
b.a ty"e of digital local networ9d. a way of accessing a central office
ANS: A
-. entral offices are connected by:
a.local loo"s c. both a and b
b. t r'n9 l i nes d. none of the above
ANS: B
/. Aocal loo"s ter$inate at:
a. a tande$ office c. a central office
b. a toll station d. an interexchange office
ANS:
2. all bloc9ing:
a.cannot occ'r in the "'blic tele"hone networ9
b.occ'rs on the local loo" when there is an electrical "ower fail're
c.occ'rs only on long.distance cables
d.occ'rs when the central office ca"acity is exceeded
ANS: %
3. 1n tele"hony( ;J; stands for:
a.;ost Jffice ;rotocol c. ;ower.Jn ;rotocol
b.;oint Jf ;resence d. none of the above
ANS: B
15. The cable 'sed for local loo"s is $ainly:
a.twisted."air co""er wire c. coaxial cable
b.shielded twisted."air co""er wire d. fiber.o"tic
ANS: A
11. 41TA stands for:
a.4ra$ing 1nfor$ation for Toll Aoo"s c. 4ra$ing 1n The Aoo"
b.4iber 1n the Toll Aoo" d. 4iber.1n.The.Aoo"
ANS: %
1!. Aoading coils were 'sed to:
a.increase the s"eed of the local loo" for digital data
b.red'ce the atten'ation of voice signals
c.red'ce crosstal9
d."rovide .ty"e conditioning to a local loo"
ANS: B
1#. % c'rrent flows thro'gh a tele"hone:
a.when it is on hoo9 c. as long as it is attached to a local loo"
b.when it is off hoo9 d. only when it is ringing
ANS: B
1&. The range of % c'rrent that flows thro'gh a tele"hone is:
a. !5 E A t o 25 E A c. ! $A to 2 $A
b. !55 E A t o 255 E A d. !5 $A to 25 $A
ANS: %
1). The se"aration of control f'nctions fro$ signal switching is 9nown as:
a.ste".by.ste" switching control c. co$$on control
b.crossbar control d. GSS
ANS:
1-. The ty"ical voltage across a tele"hone when on.hoo9 is:
a.&2 volts % c. 35 volts %
b.&2 volts( !5 hertz A d. 35 volts( !5 hertz A
ANS: A
1/. The ty"ical voltage needed to 6ring6 a tele"hone is:
a.&2 volts % c. 35 volts %
b.&2 volts( !5 hertz A d. 35 volts( !5 hertz A
ANS: %
12. The bandwidth of voice.grade signals on a tele"hone syste$ is restricted in order to:
a.allow lines to be 6conditioned6 c. allow signals to be $'lti"lexed
b."revent 6singing6 d. all of the above
ANS:
13. BNA stands for:
a. voltage net loss c. via net loss
b. vol'$e net loss d. voice noise level
ANS:
!5. Signal loss is designed into a tele"hone syste$ to:
a.eli$inate reflections c. i$"rove signal.to.noise ratio
b."revent oscillation d. red'ce "ower cons'$"tion
ANS: B
!1. The reference noise level for tele"hony is:
a.1 $0 c. 1 "0
b.5 dB$ d. 5 dBr
ANS:
!!. The n'$ber of voice channels in a basic 4%M gro'" is:
a.- c. !&
b.1! d. -5
ANS: B
!#. Basic 4%M gro'"s can be co$bined into:
a.s'"ergro'"s c. ?'$bogro'"s
b. $ast ergro'"s d. all of the above
ANS: %
!&. 1n tele"hone syste$ 4%M( voice is "'t on a carrier 'sing:
a.SSB c. ;%M
b.%SBS d. ;M
ANS: A
!). ;ABT stands for:
a.;ower A$"lification Before Trans$ission
b.;rivate A'to$atic Branch Gxchange
c.;'blic A'to$ated Branch Gxchange
d.;'blic Access Branch Gxchange
ANS: B
!-. SA1 stands for:
a.Single.Aine 1nterface irc'it c. S'bscriber Aine 1nterface ard
b.Standard Aine 1nterface ard d. Standard Aocal 1nterface irc'it
ANS:
!/. 1n %S.1( bits are 6robbed6 in order to:
a."rovide synchronization c. cancel echoes
b. carry signaling d. chec9 for errors
ANS: B
!2. 6Bit.st'ffing6 is $ore for$ally called:
a.co$"ensation c. ?'stification
b. recti ficati on d. fra$e align$ent
ANS:
!3. 1S%N stands for:
a.1ntegrated Services %igital Networ9 c. 1ntegrated Services %ata Networ9
b.1nfor$ation Services %igital Networ9 d. 1nfor$ation Syste$s %igital Networ9
ANS: A
#5. Basic 1S%N has not been widely ado"ted beca'se:
a.it too9 to long to develo"
b. it is too slow
c.it has been s'r"assed by newer technologies
d. al l of t he above
ANS: %
#1. A%SA stands for:
a.All.%igital S'bscriber Aine c. Allocated %igital Service Aine
b.Asy$$etrical %igital S'bscriber Aine d. Access to %ata Services Aine
ANS: B
#!. o$"ared to 1S%N( internet access 'sing A%SA is ty"ically:
a.$'ch faster c. $'ch $ore ex"ensive
b.abo't the sa$e s"eed d. none of the above
ANS: A
COMPLETION
1.Ais a local calling area.
ANS: AATA
!.entral offices are connected together by lines.
ANS: tr'n9
#. Jne central office can be connected to another thro'gh a office.
ANS: tande$
&. 0ith /.digit "hone n'$bers( tho'sand tele"hones can connect to a central
office.
ANS: ten
). al l is when it beco$es i$"ossible for a s'bscriber to "lace a call d'e to an
overload of lines being 'sed.
ANS: bloc9ing
-. New switching e+'i"$ent 'ses T%M to co$bine signals.
ANS: digital
/. Most local loo"s still 'se co""er wire.
ANS: twisted."air
2. As co$"ared to a hierarchical networ9( a networ9 never needs $ore than one
inter$ediate switch.
ANS: flat
3. coils were 'sed to red'ce the atten'ation of voice fre+'encies.
ANS: Aoading
15. 1n a twisted."air tele"hone cable( the red wire is called .
ANS: ring
11. 1n a twisted."air tele"hone cable( the green wire is called .
ANS: t i "
1!. Jf the red and green @"hone wires( the wire is "ositive with res"ect to the other.
ANS: green
1#. A tele"hone is said to have the line when the central office sends it dial tone.
ANS: seized
1&. The f'nctions are "rovided by a SA1.
ANS: BJ*SHT
1). A coil "revents loss of signal energy within a tele"hone while allowing f'll.
d'"lex o"eration over a single "air of wires.
ANS: hybrid
1-. 1n a cross"oint switch( not all can be in 'se at the sa$e ti$e.
ANS: lines
1/. The old carbon trans$itters generated a relatively signal voltage.
ANS: large
12. The generic ter$ for To'ch.Tone
U
signaling is .
ANS: %TM4
13. A line "rovides $ore bandwidth than a standard line.
ANS: conditioned
!5. 1n the tele"hone syste$( a$"lifiers are called .
ANS: re"eaters
!1. An echo converts a long.distance line fro$ f'll.d'"lex to half.d'"lex o"eration.
ANS: s'""ressor
!!. weighting is an atte$"t to ad?'st the noise or signal level to the res"onse of a
ty"ical tele"hone receiver.
ANS: .$essage
!#. 1n 4%M tele"hony( the $od'lation is 's'ally .
ANS:
SSB
SSBS
!&. 1n 4%M t el e"hony( bands se"arate the channels in a gro'".
ANS: g'ard
!). Beca'se of 6bit robbing6( a channel in a %S.1 fra$e allows only 9b"s when
'sed to send digital data.
ANS: )-
!-. A is a gro'" of 1! %S.1 fra$es with signaling infor$ation in the sixth and
twelfth fra$es.
ANS: s'"erfra$e
!/. 1n %S.1( bits are 'sed to co$"ensate for differences between cloc9 rates.
ANS: st'ff
!2. B'sy and dial tone are referred to as signals beca'se they 'se the sa$e "air of
wires as the voice signal.
ANS: in.channel
!3. SS/ is the c'rrent version of signaling.
ANS: co$$on.channel
#5. SS/ i s a .switched data networ9.
ANS: "ac9et
#1. 1n 1S%N( the channel is 'sed for co$$on.channel signaling.
ANS: %
#!. 1n 1S%N( the channels are 'sed for voice or data.
ANS: B
##. Ter$inal e+'i"$ent es"ecially designed for 1S%N is designated e+'i"$ent.
ANS: TG1
#&. The A in A%SA stands for .
ANS: asy$$etrical
#). 1n A%SA( the s"eed fro$ the networ9 to the s'bscriber is than the s"eed in the
o""osite direction.
ANS:
greater
faster
SHORT NS!ER
+. "or a certain telephone) the /0 loop volta,e is 41 ( on hoo& and 1 ( off hoo&. f the loop c$rrent is 40
mA) what is the /0 resistance of the local loop-
ANS:
1555 oh$s
!. 4or a certain tele"hone( the % loo" voltage is &2 B on hoo9 and 2 B off hoo9. 1f the loo" c'rrent is &5
$A( what is the % resistance of the tele"honeD
ANS:
!55 oh$s
#. 0hich two %TM4 tones corres"ond to the digit 616D 7Cse the table in the text.8
ANS:
-3/ Hz and 1!53 Hz
&. alc'late the dB of BNA re+'ired for a channel with a # $s delay.
ANS:
1 dB
). 1f a tele"hone voice signal has a level of 5 dB$( what is its level in dBrnD
ANS:
35 dBrn
-. A tele"hone test.tone has a level of 25 dBrn at a "oint where the level is >)dB TA;. 1f .weighting
"rod'ces a 15.dB loss( what wo'ld the signal level be in dBrnc5D
ANS:
-) dBrnc TA;
Chapter 0: .ata Transmission
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. 1n "ractical ter$s( "arallel data trans$ission is sent:
a.over short distances only c. over any distance
b.'s'ally over long distances d. 's'ally over a coaxial cable
ANS: A
!. The five.level telety"e code was invented by:
a.the Mor9'$ o$"any c. 0estern Cnion
b.the Telety"e o$"any d. G$ile Ba'dot
ANS: %
#. %ata codes are also called:
a.character codes c. they do not have any other na$e
b. character sets d. both a and b
ANS:
&. %igital data that is not being 'sed to carry characters is called:
a.41LS data c. n'$erical data
b. binary data d. all of the above
ANS: B
). haracter codes incl'de:
a.al"han'$eric characters c. gra"hic control characters
b.data lin9 control characters d. all of the above
ANS: %
-. AS11 stands for:
a.A$erican Standard haracter.set !
b.A$erican Standard ode for 1nfor$ation 1nterchange
c.A$erican Standard ode !
d.Al"han'$eric Standard ode for 1nfor$ation 1nterchange
ANS: B
/. BS( 44( and * are exa$"les of:
a.nonstandard character codes c. control characters
b.esca"e characters d. none of the above
ANS:
2. A4 stands for:
a. Aine 4eed c. Aine 4orward
b. Ain9 4eed d. Ain9 4orward
ANS: A
3. CA*T stands for:
a.Cniversal Asynchrono's *eceiver.Trans$itter
b.Cnidirectional Asynchrono's *eceiver.Trans$itter
c.Cnaltered *eceived Text
d.Cniversal A'to$atic *eceiver for Text
ANS: A
15. 1n asynchrono's trans$ission( the trans$itter and receiver are:
a.fra$e.by.fra$e synchronized 'sing the data bits
b.fra$e.by.fra$e synchronized 'sing a co$$on cloc9
c.fra$e.by.fra$e synchronized 'sing the start and sto" bits
d.not synchronized at all( hence the na$e 6asynchrono's6
ANS:
11. 1n asynchrono's trans$ission( the ti$e between consec'tive fra$es is:
a. e+'al t o zero c. e+'al to the start and sto" bit.ti$es
b.e+'al to one bit.ti$e d. not a set length
ANS: %
1!. 1n synchrono's trans$ission( the fra$es are:
a.abo't the sa$e length as ten asynchrono's fra$es
b.$'ch longer than asynchrono's fra$es
c. 1!2 bytes long
d.15!& bytes long
ANS: B
1#. Synchrono's trans$ission is 'sed beca'se:
a.no start and sto" bits $eans higher efficiency
b.it is chea"er than asynchrono's since no CA*TS are re+'ired
c.it is easier to i$"le$ent than asynchrono's
d. al l of t he above
ANS: A
1&. 1n synchrono's trans$ission( the receiver 6syncs.'"6 with the trans$itter by 'sing:
a. t he cl oc9 bit s c. the * bits
b. t he data bit s d. a se"arate cloc9 line
ANS: B
1). To $aintain synchronization in synchrono's trans$ission:
a.long strings of 1s and 5s $'st not be allowed
b.trans$ission $'st sto" "eriodically for resynchronization
c.the cloc9 circ'its $'st be "recisely ad?'sted
d.the channel $'st be noise.free
ANS: A
1-. B1SPN:
a.is an 1BM "rod'ct c. re+'ires the 'se of %AG
b.is a character.oriented "rotocol d. all of the above
ANS: %
1/. H%A:
a.is an 1BM "rod'ct c. is identical to S%A
b.is a bit.oriented "rotocol d. all of the above
ANS: B
12. The 'se of flags in S%A re+'ires:
a. 6bit.st'ffing6 c. 4G
b.different flags at either end of a fra$e d. A*H
ANS: A
13. The initials A*H are 'sed to designate:
a.a'to$atic re+'est for resynchronization c. a'to$atic receiver +'e'e
b.a'to$atic re+'est for retrans$ission d. a'to$atic re+'est for +'e'e
ANS: B
!5. A*H is 'sed to:
a.correct bit errors c. "'t data into a te$"orary b'ffer
b.correct synchronization "roble$s d. none of the above
ANS: A
!1. 4G stands for:
a.4ixed Grror ontrol c. 4orward Grror orrection
b.4orward Grror ontrol d. 4alse Grror ondition
ANS:
!!. B* is another na$e for:
a.4G c. A*
b.A*H d. "arity
ANS: %
!#. * stands for:
a.ontrol *eceiver ode c. yclic *ed'ndancy hec9
b.orrect *eceived haracter d. ycle *e"eat haracter
ANS:
!&. H'ff$an codes:
a.allow errors to be detected b't not corrected
b.allow errors to be detected and corrected
c.allow al"han'$eric data to be corrected
correct data
none of the above
avoids the 2password problem2 all of the above
S!nchrono$s /ata 3in& 0haracter
S!nchrono$s /ata 3ine 0haracter
d. allow al"han'$eric data to be co$"ressed
ANS: %
!). *'n.length encoding is 'sed to:
a. encry"t data c.
b. co$"ress data d.
ANS: B
!-. ;'blic.9ey encry"tion:
a. allows the 'se of digital signat'res c.
b. is 'sed to convey sy$$etric 9eys d.
ANS: %
!/. S%A stands for:
a. Synchrono's %ata Ain9 ontrol c.
b. Synchrono's %ata Aine ontrol d.
ANS: A
!2. H%A is:
a.a bit.oriented "rotocolc. an 1SJ standard
b. based on S%A d. all of the above
ANS: %
COMPLETION
1. ;arallel trans$ission
can be 'sed only for
distances.
ANS: short
!. The ter$
6ba'd6
was
na$ed
after
G$il
.
ANS:
Ba'dot
#. %ata codes are also called codes.
ANS: character
&. The code is a /.bit code co$$only 'sed
in co$$'nication between "ersonal
co$"'ters.
ANS: AS11
). The two letters designate the code character
'sed to advance a "rinter to the next
"age.
ANS: 44
+4. B00 stands for chec& character.
-. An asynchrono's fra$e begins with the bit.
ANS: start
/. An asynchrono's fra$e ends with the bit.
ANS: sto"
2. At the end of an asynchrono's fra$e( the line will be at the level.
ANS:
$ar9
binary 1
3. An integrated circ'it called a is 'sed in an asynchrono's co$$'nication syste$
to convert between "arallel and serial data.
ANS: CA*T
15. 0hen receiving digital data( are 'sed to hold data 'ntil they can be read.
ANS: b'ffers
11. Synchrono's co$$'nication is $ore than asynchrono's since there are fewer
6overhead6 bits.
ANS: efficient
1!. There $'st be s'fficient 1.to.5 to $aintain synchronization in synchrono's
trans$ission.
ANS: transitions
1#. loc9 sync is derived fro$ the strea$ of bits in synchrono's trans$ission.
ANS: data
1&. 1 n t he "rotocol( each fra$e begins with at least two SPN characters.
ANS: B1SPN
1). 1n H%A( each fra$e starts with an 2.bit .
ANS: flag
1-. The first eight bits of an S%A fra$e are .
ANS: 51111115
ANS: bloc9
12. %AG stands for data lin9 .
ANS: esca"e
13. H%A 'ses bit. to "revent accidental flags.
ANS: st'ffing
!5. errors ca'se $any consec'tive bits to be bad.
ANS: B'rst
!1. 4G stands for error correction.
ANS: forward
! ! . A n sche$e corrects errors by re+'iring the retrans$ission of bad bloc9s.
ANS: A*H
!#. ;arity fails when an n'$ber of bits are in error.
ANS: even
!&. * codes are "artic'larly good at detecting errors.
ANS: b'rst
!). H'ff$an coding and r'n.length encoding are exa$"les of data .
ANS: co$"ression
!-. A is an encoding sche$e that is not "'blic in order to "rotect data.
ANS: ci"her
!/. A is often 'sed to generate an encry"tion 9ey beca'se it is easier to re$e$ber.
ANS: "assword
!2. 1f the 9ey is eno'gh( "rivate.9ey encry"tion can be +'ite sec're.
ANS: long
!3. Messages cannot be 'sing a "'blic 9ey.
+4. B00 stands for chec& character.
ANS: decry"ted
#5. Beca'se it i s .intensive( "'blic.9ey encry"tion can be slow.
ANS: co$"'tation
SHORT NS!ER
1. How $any different characters co'ld be encoded 'sing a six.bit codeD
ANS:
-&
!. 0hat is the n'$erical difference between AS11 @a@ and AS11 @A@ if yo' treat the$ as hexadeci$al 7hex8
n'$bersD
ANS:
!5 hex 7#! deci$al8
#. The AS11 codes for the characters @5@ thro'gh @3@ are what hex n'$bersD
ANS:
#5H to #3H
&. 1f an asynchrono's fra$e is 'sed to send AS11 characters in the for$ of bytes 72 bits8( what is the
shortest ti$e it co'ld ta9e to send 1555 characters if each bit in a fra$e is 1 $sec longD
ANS:
15 seconds
). S'""ose an asynchrono's fra$e holds 2 bits of data( a "arity bit( and two sto" bits 7it co'ld ha""en8.
alc'late the efficiency of the co$$'nication syste$.
ANS:
--./N
-. S'""ose a synchrono's fra$e has 1- bits of non.data in the front and a 1-.bit B at the end. The fra$e
carries 15!& bytes of act'al data. alc'late the efficiency of the co$$'nication syste$.
ANS:
3/.5N
Chapter 11: Loca' rea Net2or3s
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. SMA stands for:
a.lient.Server M'lti.Access c. arrier Server Master A""lication
b.arrier Sense M'lti"le Access d. none of the above
ANS: B
!. The % in SMA:% stands for:
a.arrier %etection c. ollision %etection
b. arri er %el ay d. ollision %elay
ANS:
#. The 1nternet is:
a.a networ9 of networ9s c. a very large SMA:% networ9
b.a very large client.server networ9 d. not really a networ9 at all
ANS: A
&. Most AANs:
a.are based on Gthernet c. 'se CT; cable
b.'se SMA:% d. all of the above
ANS: %
). %'$b ter$inals are still 'sed:
a.in to9en."assing networ9s
b.in networ9s re+'iring central $onitoring
c.in networ9s that cannot "rovide central $onitoring
d. none of t he above
ANS: B
-. 1n a circ'it.switched networ9:
a.co$$'nication is half.d'"lex only
b.each channel carries only one data strea$
c.connection is 's'ally done 'sing a b's to"ology
d. al l of t he above
ANS: B
/. Gach co$"'ter on a networ9 is called a:
a.h'b c. node
b.to9en d. circ'it
ANS:
2. o$"ared to SMA:% syste$s( to9en."assing rings are:
a. slower c. not as widely 'sed
b. $ore ex"ensive d. all of the above
ANS: %
3. The 9ey feat're of a star networ9 is that individ'al wor9stations are connected to:
a. a cent ral ri ng c. a node
b. a cent ral b's d. none of the above
ANS: %
15. Jn networ9s( long $essages are divided into 6ch'n9s6 called:
a. "ac9ets c. carriers
b.nodes d. to9ens
ANS: A
11. 0hen two or $ore ;s try to access a baseband networ9 cable at the sa$e ti$e( it is called:
a.a collision c. excess traffic
b.contention d. $'lti"le access
ANS: B
1!. 0hen two ;s send data over a baseband networ9 cable at the sa$e ti$e( it is called:
a.a collision c. excess traffic
b.contention d. $'lti"le access
ANS: A
1#. Jne ty"e of networ9 that never has a collision is:
a.SMA c. to9en."assing
b.Gthernet d. all networ9s have collisions
ANS:
1&. 1n an Gthernet.based networ9( a switch can be 'sed to red'ce the n'$ber of:
a. nodes c. "ac9ets
b. 'sers d. collisions
ANS: %
1). The effect of too $any collisions is:
a.the networ9 goes down c. the cable overheats
b.the networ9 slows down d. data is lost
ANS: B
1-. MAC stands for:
a.M'ltistation Access Cnit c. M'lti"le A'xiliary Cnits
b.M'lti"le Access Cnit d. none of the above
ANS: A
1/. The standard that describes Gthernet.ty"e networ9s is:
a. G1A !#! c. 1GGG 25!.#
b. 1GGG &22.1 d. 1TT 1TC.G
ANS:
12. Gthernet was invented by:
a.1BM c. Terox
b.1NTGA d. %igital G+'i"$ent or"oration
ANS:
13. An Gthernet r'nning at 15 Mbits : second 'ses:
a.Manchester encoding c. N*S encoding
b.Three.Aevel encoding d. AM1 encoding
ANS: A
!5. A 155BaseT cable 'ses:
a.fiber.o"tic cable c. *L.)2C coaxial cable
b.twisted."air co""er wires d. )5.oh$ coaxial cable
ANS: B
!1. The word 6Base6 in 15BaseT $eans:
a.the cable carries baseband signals
b.the cable has a base s"eed of 15 Mb"s
c.it can be 'sed as the base for a bac9bone cable syste$
d. none of t he above
ANS: A
!!. The reason a SMA:% networ9 has a $ini$'$ length for "ac9ets is:
a.to increase the data rate
b.to "revent "ac9ets fro$ reaching all other nodes d'ring trans$ission
c.to $a9e s're all other nodes hear a collision in "rogress
d. al l of t he above
ANS:
!#. The reason a SMA:% networ9 has a $axi$'$ length for cables is:
a.to increase the data rate
b.to "revent "ac9ets fro$ reaching all other nodes d'ring trans$ission
c.to $a9e s're all other nodes hear a collision in "rogress
d. al l of t he above
ANS:
!&. N1 stands for:
a.Networ9 1nterface ard c. Networ9 1nterface ode
b.Networ9 1nterface able d. Networ9 1nternal ode
ANS: A
!). 15BaseT cable ty"ically 'ses:
a. a BN connector c. an *I&) connector
b. a T connector d. an *S11 connector
ANS:
!-. CT; stands for:
a.Cntwisted.;air co""er wire c. Cninterr'"tible Ter$inal ;ac9et
b.Cnshielded Twisted.;air co""er wire d. Cnicode Text ;ac9et
ANS: B
!/. o$"ared to twisted."air tele"hone cables( AT.) cables:
a.are chea"er c. allow faster bit rates
b.are easier to cri$" connectors onto d. all of the above
ANS:
!2. A h'b:
a.sends inco$ing "ac9ets o't to all other ter$inals connected to it
b.sends inco$ing "ac9ets o't to s"ecific "orts
c.cannot be 'sed in an Gthernet.ty"e networ9
d.are $ore co$$on in to9en."assing networ9s
ANS: A
!3. A switch:
a.sends inco$ing "ac9ets o't to all other ter$inals connected to it
b.sends inco$ing "ac9ets o't to s"ecific "orts
c.cannot be 'sed in an Gthernet.ty"e networ9
d.are $ore co$$on in to9en."assing networ9s
ANS: B
#5. An advantage of 'sing a switch instead of a h'b is:
a.it is chea"er when 'sed in large networ9s
b.it is faster when 'sed in large networ9s
c.it red'ces the n'$ber of collisions in large networ9s
d. al l of t he above
ANS:
#1. Broadband AANs:
a.$od'late the data onto a carrier
b. 'se coaxi al cabl es
c.are "rovided by cable TB co$"anies for 1nternet access
d. al l of t he above
ANS: %
#!. Csing one node in the networ9 to hold all the a""lication software is done in:
a."eer.to."eer networ9s c. both a and b
b.client.server networ9s d. none of the above
ANS: B
##. *ecord loc9ing is 'sed to:
a.store records sec'rely on a server
b."revent $'lti"le 'sers fro$ loo9ing at a doc'$ent si$'ltaneo'sly
c."revent one 'ser fro$ reading a record that another 'ser is writing to
d. none of t he above
ANS:
#&. The software that r'ns a client.server networ9 $'st be:
a.CN1T.based c. $'ltitas9ing
b. 01N%J0S.based d. Novell certified
ANS:
#). A 6thin6 client is:
a.basically( a ; with no dis9 drives c. sa$e as a 6d'$b6 ter$inal
b.a node that rarely sends data d. all of the above
ANS: A
COMPLETION
1.
A AAN is a Area Networ9.
ANS: Aocal
The 1nternet is a networ9 of .
ANS: networ9s
#. 1n a networ9( all nodes are connected to a central co$"'ter.
ANS: star
&.
1n a .switched networ9( 'sers have a dedicated channel for the d'ration of
co$$'nications.
ANS: circ'it
). The of a networ9 describes how it is "hysically connected together.
ANS: to"ology
-. *ing networ9s often 'se ."assing.
ANS: to9en
/. A is a short section of a $essage in digital for$.
ANS: "ac9et
2. is when two nodes try to seize the sa$e cable at the sa$e ti$e.
ANS: ontention
3. A occ'rs when two nodes trans$it si$'ltaneo'sly on the sa$e baseband cable.
ANS: collision
15. 1n SMA:% networ9s( all collisions $'st be .
ANS: detected
11. arrier.Sense $eans that a node 6listens6 for the cable to be before 'sing it.
ANS:
+'iet
free
'n'sed
available
1!. A 6 6 cable lin9s cl'sters of co$"'ters together.
ANS: bac9bone
1#. 155BaseT cables can reliably carry '" to bits "er second.
ANS: 155 $ega
1&. 1n SMA:%( "ac9ets $'st have a length to ens're that collisions are detected.
ANS: $ini$'$
1). 1n SMA: %( t he of a cable is li$ited to ens're that collisions are detected.
ANS: length
1-. A 'ni+'e n'$erical address is "rovided to a node by its.
ANS: N1
1/. A 155BaseTT cable is a cable.
ANS: fiber.o"tic
12. H'bs can be to for$( in effect( one big h'b.
ANS: stac9ed
13. A switch loo9s at the of each inco$ing "ac9et.
ANS: address
!5. The effect of a switch is to greatly red'ceVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV.
ANS: contention
SHORT NS!ER
1.Gx"lain how a networ9 can be a "hysical b's b't a logical ring.
ANS:
A to9en."assing networ9 sends the to9en fro$ node to node in a "rescribed order. So it doesn@t $atter
how the "hysical connection is $ade. 1t still wor9s li9e a to9en."assing ring.
!.0hat is the 9ey difference between a h'b and a switchD
ANS:
A h'b sends inco$ing "ac9ets o't to all other "orts on the h'b. A switch sends a "ac9et to a s"ecific "ort
based on the address in the "ac9et.
#.0hat is the advantage of a SMA:% networ9 over a basic star networ9D
ANS:
1f the central co$"'ter in a star networ9 fails( the entire networ9 is ino"erative. 1f a node fails in a
SMA:% networ9( it can be disconnected and the networ9 still f'nctions.
&.0hy do SMA:% "ac9ets have a $ini$'$ size li$itD
ANS:
1f a "ac9et is too short( nodes at either end of a cable co'ld get on( send a "ac9et( and get off before the
"ac9ets travel far eno'gh to collide. The collision wo'ld not be detected.
).0hat is a N1 address( and why is it 'ni+'eD
ANS:
The address is a long binary n'$ber 6b'rned6 into a N1@s $e$ory chi" at the factory. Gach factory 'ses
a different se+'ence of n'$bers( so the chances of two N1s on the sa$e networ9 having the sa$e
address is extre$ely s$all.
Chapter 11: !ide#rea Net2or3s and the Internet
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. MAN stands for:
a.Manchester Access Networ9 c. Metro"olitan.Area Networ9
b.M'lti"le.Area Networ9 d. M'lti"le Access Networ9
ANS:
!. ;ac9et switching is based on:
a.store.and.forward c. real.ti$e delivery
b.switched circ'its d. all of the above
ANS: A
#. SNA stands for:
a.Standard Networ9 Access c. Standard Networ9 Architect're
b.S$all Networ9 Access d. Syste$s Networ9 Architect're
ANS: %
&. The n'$ber of layers in 1SJ JS1 is:
a.# c. /
b.) d. 2
ANS:
). The lowest.level layer in 1SJ JS1 is called the:
a. "hysi cal l ayer c. cable layer
b.lin9 layer d. trans"ort layer
ANS: A
-. Bad fra$es are 's'ally detected by the:
a.fra$e layer c. error.chec9 layer
b. "hysi cal l ayer d. lin9 layer
ANS: %
/. A virt'al circ'it is set '" by the:
a. 'ser c. networ9
b.lin9 layer d. fra$e
ANS:
2. 4ra$e *elay:
a.is faster than T.!) c. allows for variable length "ac9ets
b.does less error chec9ing than T.!) d. all of the above
ANS: %
3. ATM stands for:
a.Asynchrono's Transfer Mode c. Asynchrono's Trans$ission Model
b.Asynchrono's Trans$ission Mode d. A'to$atic Test Mode
ANS: A
15. A bridge:
a.se"arates a networ9 into 6collision do$ains6
b.loo9s at the address of each "ac9et
c.o"erate at the data.lin9 level
d. al l of t he above
ANS: %
11. 1; stands for:
a. 1nternet ;rocess c. 1nterconnect ;rotocol
b.1nternet ;rotocol d. 1nterconnect ;roced're
ANS: B
1!. T; stands for:
a.Trans$ission ontrol ;rocess c. Transfer onnection ;rotocol
b.Trans$ission ontrol ;rotocol d. none of the above
ANS: B
1#. Together( T;:1; consists of:
a. ) layersc. an a""lication and a "rocess
b./ layers d. datagra$s
ANS: A
1&. 1; is a:
a.connection.oriented "rotocol c. connectionless "rotocol
b. virt'al circ'it d. non.rob'st "rotocol
ANS:
1). The 6lifeti$e6 of a "ac9et in an 1; networ9:
a. is essentially forever
b.de"ends on ela"sed ti$e since trans$ission
c.de"ends on n'$ber of 6ho"s6 between nodes
d.is a""roxi$ately !55 $illiseconds
ANS:
1-. C%; stands for:
a.Cser %atagra$ ;rotocol c. Cser %ata ;ac9et
b.Cser %ata ;rotocol d. Cniversal %ata ;ac9et
ANS: A
1/. HTT; stands for:
a. High.s"eed Trans$ission Test ;roced're
b.High.Aevel Transfer Test ;roced're
c.Hy"ertext Trans$ission and Trans"ort ;roced're
d.Hy"ertext Trans"ort ;rotocol
ANS: %
12. HTT; allows the 'se of:
a.d'$b ter$inals c. browsers
b. file trans"ort d. none of the above
ANS:
13. HTMA stands for:
a.Hy"ertext Mar9'" Aang'age c. Hy"ertext Transfer.Mode Aayer
b.Hy"ertext Transfer.Mode Aevel d. High.s"eed Transfer.Mode Aang'age
ANS: A
!5. HTMA allows:
a. telneting c. web "age layo't
b.high.s"eed file transfer d. all of the above
ANS:
!1. 4T; stands for:
a.4ile Transfer ;rotocol c. 4ile Test ;roced're
b.4ile Trans"ort ;rotocol d. 4ast Trans"ort ;ac9et
ANS: A
!!. 4T; is 'sed to:
a.transfer files between a server on the networ9 and a 'ser
b.test files to see if their data has been 6corr'"ted6
c.trans"ort "ac9ets at $axi$'$ s"eed thro'gh the networ9
d. none of the above
ANS: A
!#. SMT; stands for:
a.Short Message Trans"ort ;rotocol c. Si$"le Mail Trans"ort ;rotocol
b.Si$"le Message Trans"ort ;rotocol d. Secondary Mail Transfer ;roced're
ANS:
!&. 1S; stands for:
a.1nternet Service ;rotocol c. 1nternet Service ;roced're
b.1nternet Service ;rovider d. none of the above
ANS: B
!). The standard 1nternet address 7or C*A8 is:
a.a #!.bit binary n'$ber c. r'nning o't of available val'es
b.fo'r gro'"s of base.ten n'$bers d. all of the above
ANS: %
!-. %NS stands for:
a.%o$ain Na$e Server c. %o$ain N'$bering Syste$
b.%o$ain Na$e Syste$ d. %o$ain Na$ing Syste$
ANS: A
!/. A %NS:
a.has beco$e obsolete on the 1nternet
b.translates words to n'$bers
c.stores all do$ain addresses
d.describes the 1nternet address.na$ing "roced're
ANS: B
!2. An intranet connected to the 1nternet is often "rotected by:
a.a %NS c. a 6firewall6
b. a 6bric9 wall6 d. the 'se of 6s"oofing6 "rotocols
ANS:
!3. JS1 stands for:
a.J"en Syste$s 1nterconnectionc. J"en Syste$s 1nternet
b.J"en Standard 1nterconnection d. none of the above
ANS: A
COMPLETION
1. A .Area Networ9 wo'ld extend ty"ically across a city.
ANS: Metro"olitan
!. A .Area Networ9 co'ld extend across a nation.
ANS: 0ide
#. A dedicated tele"hone line can be on a $onthly basis.
ANS: leased
&. The 'se of digital circ'it. lines is chea"er than dedicated lines.
ANS: switched
). ;ac9et switching is done on a store.and. networ9.
ANS: forward
-. A is a hierarchy of "roced'res for i$"le$enting digital co$$'nications.
ANS: "rotocol
/. Boltage levels on a cable are s"ecified at the layer.
ANS: "hysical
2. Bad fra$es are 's'ally detected at the layer.
ANS: data.lin9
3. Setting '" a "ath thro'gh the networ9 is done by the layer.
ANS: networ9
15. The T.!) "rotocol was develo"ed by the .
ANS: 1TT
11. 1n T.!)( the data.lin9 layer is called the layer.
ANS: fra$e
1!. 1n T.!)( the networ9 layer is called the layer.
ANS: "ac9et
1#. The "hysical ro'te of a circ'it changes each ti$e it is 'sed.
ANS: virt'al
1&. 4ra$e *elay re+'ires channels with low rates.
ANS: bit.error
1). o$"ared to T.!)( 4ra$e *elay does error chec9ing.
ANS: less
1-. All ATM fra$es contain ?'st bytes.
ANS: )#
1/. S$all fra$e size and a high.s"eed channel allow .ti$e co$$'nications.
ANS: real
12. si$"ly regenerate and retrans$it "ac9ets in a networ9.
ANS: *e"eaters
13. loo9 at the address inside a "ac9et to decide whether or not to retrans$it it.
ANS: Bridges
!5. decide the best networ9 "ath on which to forward a "ac9et.
ANS: *o'ters
!1. T;:1; goes bac9 to the of the 13/5s.
ANS:
A*;ANGT
%A*;ANGT
!!. Between 1SJ JS1 and T;:1;( was 'sed first.
ANS: T;:1;
!#. A "rotocol does not trac9 "ac9ets after they are sent.
ANS: connectionless
!&. HTT; al l ows t he 'se of that ?'$" to other "ages on the web.
ANS: hy"erlin9s
!). The 1nternet 6bac9bone6 $ostly 'ses high.s"eed cables.
ANS: fiber.o"tic
!-. A translates words in an 1nternet address to n'$bers.
ANS: %NS
!/. 1ntranets 's'ally connect to the 1nternet thro'gh a for sec'rity.
ANS: firewall
!2. Boi ce over is tele"hony done over the 1nternet.
ANS: 1;
!3. 6 6 is another ter$ for real.ti$e trans$ission over the 1nternet.
ANS: Strea$ing
#5. Most "eo"le gain access to the 1nternet by s'bscribing to an .
ANS: 1S;
SHORT NS!ER
1. Na$e the three "arts of an 1; address as 'sed on the 1nternet.
ANS:
Networ9 n'$ber( S'bnet n'$ber( Host n'$ber
!. 0hy is a logical channel called a 6virt'al6 circ'itD
ANS:
A logical channel is a way of 9ee"ing trac9 of which two nodes on the networ9 have $essages for each
other. The act'al "hysical "ath can change while "ac9ets are being sent. Birt'al $eans it behaves li9e
direct circ'it between @A@ and @B@( b't it is not a direct circ'it.
#. 0hy is it faster to send "ac9ets of a fixed size co$"ared to "ac9ets of variable sizeD
ANS:
The "rocessing re+'ired to store and forward "ac9ets of different lengths is greater than that re+'ired for
"ac9ets of a fixed length. More "rocessing i$"lies $ore ti$e "er "ac9et( which i$"lies fewer "ac9ets "er
second thro'gh the networ9.
&. 0hy are the tas9s involved in digital co$$'nications divided into layers in a "rotocol stac9D 0hy not
?'st have one layer that does it allD
ANS:
%ivide and con+'er: it red'ces co$"lexity to a $anageable ?ob. Jne big layer co'ld not be ada"ted to
newer $edia etc as easily as a syste$ of inde"endent layers. Thin9 of s'bro'tines in a co$"'ter "rogra$.
). 0hat i s a 6ho"6D
ANS:
Gvery ti$e a "ac9et is forwarded on to the next store.and.forward node in the networ9( it is considered to
be one 6ho"6.
-. 0hat does it $ean to say a "ac9et has a lifeti$e $eas'red in ho"sD
ANS:
Gach "ac9et contains a n'$ber re"resenting the $axi$'$ n'$ber of allowed ho"s. At each ho"( this
n'$ber is red'ced by one. 0hen it gets to zero( the "ac9et is deleted fro$ the networ9.
/. 0hy sho'ld "ac9ets have a lifeti$eD
ANS:
1f they didn@t( then the n'$ber of 6lost6 "ac9ets traveling aro'nd the networ9 wo'ld contin'o'sly
increase. At so$e "oint( there wo'ld be no bandwidth left to carry real traffic.
Chapter 1": .i)ita' Modu'ation and Modems
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. 4SF stands for:
a.4'll.Shift Feying c. 4'll.Signal Feying
b.4re+'ency.Shift Feying d. none of the above
ANS: B
!. ;SF stands for:
a.;'lse.Signal Feying c. ;hase.Signal Feying
b.;'lse.Shift Feying d. ;hase.Shift Feying
ANS: %
#. HAM stands for:
a.H'adrat're A$"lit'de Mod'lation c. H'adrat're A$"lit'de Mar9ing
b.H'adrat're A$"lit'de Mas9ing d. none of the above
ANS: A
&. 1n the e+'ation I < ktB( I is $eas'red in:
a.a$"eres c. bi t s
b.a$"eres "er second d. bits "er second
ANS:
). 1n the e+'ation C < !Blog!M( M is the:
a. $argin of noise c. n'$ber of "ossible states "er sy$bol
b.$od'lation index d. $axi$'$ n'$ber of sy$bols "er second
ANS:
-. An 6eye "attern6 shows a good channel when:
a.the eye is $axi$ally o"en c. the eye is half o"en
b.the eye is $axi$ally closed d. the eye alternately o"ens and closes
ANS: A
/. 0hat yo' see in an eye "attern is the effect of:
a.too $any bits high c. inter$od'lation distortion
b.too $any bits low d. intersy$bol interference
ANS: %
2. High.fre+'ency radiotelety"e syste$s co$$only 'se:
a.4SF c. ;SF
b.A4SF d. HAM
ANS: A
3. 1nstead of a single bit( a H;SF sy$bol contains:
a. a byt e c. a dibit
b. & bits d. a H.bit
ANS:
15. To red'ce the need for linearity( ir:& %H;SF 'ses:
a.angles of 5( 35( 125( and !/5 degrees c. angles of i r :&( !i r :&( #i r :&( and &i r :&
b.angles of &)( 1#)( !!)( and #1) degrees d. do'ble "hase.shift angles
ANS: B
11. 4or HAM( a 6constellation diagra$6 shows:
a.location of sy$bols in 6sy$bol s"ace6 c. effects of noise on sy$bols
b.se"aration of sy$bols in 6sy$bol s"ace6 d. all of the above
ANS: %
1!. 4or HAM( the two di$ensions of its sy$bol s"ace are:
a.a$"lit'de and fre+'ency c. fre+'ency and "hase angle
b.a$"lit'de and "hase angle d. 1.bits and H.bits
ANS: B
1#. The s"ecs of the old Bell ty"e 15# $ode$ were:
a.#55 b"s( f'll.d'"lex( 4SF c. 1!55 b"s( f'll.d'"lex( 4SF
b.-55 b"s( f'll.d'"lex( 4SF d. 1!55 b"s( half.d'"lex( 4SF
ANS: A
1&. 1TC is an abbreviation for:
a.1nternational Tele"hony Cnit c. 1nternational Teleco$$'nications Cnion
b.1nternational Tele"hony Cnion d. 1nternational Teleco$$'nications Cnits
ANS:
1). The 1TC is 'nder the a's"ices of:
a.1TT c. 1GGG
b.the C.N. d. ANS1
ANS: B
1-. High.s"eed $ode$s e+'alize the line to co$"ensate for:
a. noise and interference
b.'neven "hase and fre+'ency res"onse
c. l ow SN*
d.inconsistent bit rates at either end of channel
ANS: B
1/. The bits sent to allow e+'alization are called:
a. La'ssi an bi t s c. a training se+'ence
b.rando$ bits d. a rando$ se+'ence
ANS: 0
12. The B.35 standard is iss'ed by:
a.the G1A c. the 1TC
b.the T1A d. the 1SJ
ANS:
13. MN;!( MN;#( MN;&( and MN;15 are all:
a.data.co$"ression sche$es c. both a and b
b.error.correction "rotocols d. none of the above
ANS: B
!5. MN;) and B.&! bis are both:
a.data.co$"ression sche$es c. both a and b
b.error.correction "rotocols d. none of the above
ANS: A
!1. 1n *S.!#!( flow control is done 'sing:
a.*TS:TS handsha9e c. both a and b
b.TJN:TJ44 characters d. none of the above
ANS:
!!. The official na$e for *S.!#! is:
a.*S.!#! c. 1SJ.!#!:%
b.G1A.!#!% d. ANS1.!#!
ANS: B
!#. 1n *S.!#!( a $ode$ wo'ld be:
a.a %T* c. a %G
b.a %S* d. a %TG
ANS:
!&. 1n *S.!#!( a "ersonal co$"'ter wo'ld be:
a.a %T* c. a %G
b.a %S* d. a %TG
ANS: %
!). Jn a %B.3 *S.!#! connector( signal gro'nd is "in:
a.1 c. )
b.# d. /
ANS:
!-. Jn a %B.!) *S.!#! connector( signal gro'nd is "in:
a.1 c. )
b.# d. /
ANS: 0
!/. The $ini$'$ lines re+'ired for *S.!#! are:
a.T% and *% c. T%( *%( %S*( and signal gro'nd
b.T%( *%( and signal gro'nd d. T%( *%( *TS( TS( and signal gro'nd
ANS: B
!2. Hardware flow control 'ses:
a.TJN and TJ44 c. *TS and TS
b.T% and *% d. %S* and %%
ANS:
!3. Software flow control 'ses:
a.TJN and TJ44 c. *TS and TS
b.T% and *% d. %S* and %%
ANS: A
#5. 0hich voltage re"resents a binary zero on an *S.!#! data "in:
a.>1) volts c. >3 volts
b.>1! volts d. all of the above
ANS: %
#1. %SA stands for:
a. %ata Signal Aine c. %igital S'bscriber Aine
b.%igital Signal Aine d. %o'ble.S"eed Aoo"
ANS:
#!. A%SA stands for:
a. Asynchrono's %SA c. Analog %SA
b.Asy$$etrical %SA d. All %SA
ANS: B
##. 1n a ATB syste$( H4 stands for:
a.Head 4re+'ency ontrol c. Hybrid 4iber.oax
b.Hybrid 4re+'ency ontrol d. Hybrid 4iber ontrol
ANS:
#&. 1n a ATB syste$( MTS stands for:
a.able Mode$ Ter$inal Server c. able Mode$ Ter$inal Syste$
b.able Mode$ Trans$ission Syste$ d. able Mode$ Trans$ission Server
ANS: A
#). A 6s"litter6 at the s'bscriber end is not re+'ired for:
a. Any %SA sche$e c. A%SA Aite
b.A%SAd. none of the above
ANS: 0
COMPLETION
1. *TS $eans *e+'est To .
ANS: Send
!. The res"onse to *TS is .
ANS: TS
#. 4SF stands for 4re+'ency.Shift .
ANS: Feying
&. %S* stands for Set *eady.
ANS: %ata
). HAM stands for A$"lit'de Mod'lation.
ANS: H'adrat're
-. The n'$ber of sy$bols "er second is called the rate.
ANS: ba'd
/. The ! bits of infor$ation in a H;SF sy$bol is called a .
ANS: dibit
2. H;SF 'ses different "hase angles.
ANS: fo'r
3. %;SF stands for ;SF.
ANS: %elta
15. The HAM a$"lit'de."hase co$binations are shown with a diagra$.
ANS: constellation
11. 1TC stands for 1nternational Cnion.
ANS: Teleco$$'nications
1!. 1n HAM $ode$s( coding adds extra bits to i$"rove "erfor$ance on a noisy
line.
ANS: Trellis
1#. is 'sed in a high.s"eed $ode$ to co$"ensate for 'neven fre+'ency and "hase
res"onse on a line.
ANS: G+'alization
1&. The $axi$'$ allowed s"eed for a $ode$ on a dial.'" line is abo't b"s.
ANS: )&9
1). The no$inal $axi$'$ s"eed on an *S.!#! cable is b"s.
ANS: !59
1-. 1n *S.!#!( the line is asserted when the analog carrier fro$ another $ode$ is
being received.
ANS:
%
%%
*AS%
1/. Between hardware flow control and software flow control( flow control is
"referred.
ANS: hardware
12. A voltage higher than volts sho'ld be considered a high on an *S.!#! receiver.
ANS: #
13. A $ode$ cable is 'sed to connect two %TGs via their serial "orts.
ANS: n'll
!5. A%SA st ands for %SA.
ANS: Asy$$etrical
!1. A ty"ical ATB syste$ is organized as a networ9.
ANS: tree
!!. 1n a ATB syste$ 'sing cable $ode$s( a is 'sed to "'t several channels of data
onto a fiber.o"tic bac9bone.
ANS: MTS
!#. is the "rocess of synchronizing trans$itted data fro$ cable $ode$s to a MTS.
ANS: *anging
!&. syste$s send high.s"eed data over a ;JTS line while sharing the line with dial.
'" service.
ANS: A%SA
!). The version of A%SA does not re+'ire a s"litter at the s'bscriber end.
ANS: lite
!-. $od'lation divides the line bandwidth into $any narrow bands called tons or
bins for A%SA.
ANS: %MT
!/. A %SAAM is a %SA Access .
ANS: M'lti"lexer
SHORT NS!ER
1. alc'late the bits "er second ca"acity of a syste$ sending 1555 sy$bols "er second with 1- "ossible
states "er sy$bol.
ANS:
&555
!. How $any "oints will be on the constellation diagra$ of a HAM syste$ 'sing 2 "hase angles and !
a$"lit'de levelsD
ANS:
1-
#. A ATB syste$ has 155 cable.$ode$ c'sto$ers sharing a single channel with a data rate of #- Mb"s.
1f half the $ode$s are active at any given ti$e( what bit rate can a c'sto$er ex"ectD
ANS:
/!5 9b"s
&. A %MT syste$ 'ses &.#.9Hz bins on a 1.MHz cable. A""roxi$ately how $any bins are thereD
ANS:
!#5
). Ass'$ing a $axi$'$ sy$bol rate of &55 "er second( how $any "ossible states $'st a sy$bol have to
achieve a data rate of 1!55 b"sD
ANS:
1
Chapter 1&: Mu'tip'e4in) and Mu'tip'e#ccess Techni%ues
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. T%MA stands for:
a.Ti$e %o$ain M'lti"le Access c. Tone %ivision M'lti"le Access
b.Ti$e.%ivision M'lti"le Access d. none of the above
ANS: B
!. %MA stands for:
a.ode.%ivision M'lti"le Access c. o$"act %igital M'lti"lex Arrange$ent
b.arrier %ivision M'lti"le Access d. none of the above
ANS: A
#. T%MA is 'sed instead of T%M when:
a.all the signals co$e fro$ the sa$e so'rce
b.the signals co$e fro$ different so'rces
c.T%M is 'sed in *4 co$$'nications
d.they $ean the sa$e thing
ANS: B
&. 0hen calc'lating the $axi$'$ n'$ber of 'sers( a li$iting factor in 4%M is:
a.the ty"e of $edia 'sed c. the bandwidth of each signal
b.the length of the channel d. all of the above
ANS:
). A %S.1 signal contains:
a.1! channels c. #! channels
b.!& channels d. -& channels
ANS: B
-. The bit.rate of a %S.1 signal over a T.1 line is:
a.-& 9b"s c. 1.)#- Mb"s
b.!)- 9b"s d. 1.)&& Mb"s
ANS: %
/. Besides data bits( a %S.1 fra$e contains a:
a.ti$ing bit c. signaling bit
b. T.bi t d. fra$ing bit
ANS: %
2. 1n %S.1( a bit is 6stolen6 o't of each channel:
a.every fra$e c. every sixth fra$e
b.every other fra$e d. every twelfth fra$e
ANS:
3. Moving signals fro$ one line to another is called:
a. t i$e swi t chi ng c. line switching
b. s"ace switching d. cross."oint switching
ANS: B
15. Moving ;M sa$"les fro$ one ti$e.slot to another is called:
a. t i$e swi t chi ng c. signal switching
b. s"ace switching d. cross"oint switching
ANS: A
11. A digital s"ace switch is a:
a.$'lti"lexer c. co$"'terized Strowger switch
b.T%M switch d. cross"oint switch
ANS: %
1!. S"read.s"ectr'$ can be done by 'sing:
a.co$"'ter.controlled fre+'ency re'se c. direct.se+'ence $ethod
b.fre+'ency.ho""ing d. all of the above
ANS: %
1#. The ter$ 6chi" rate6 is 'sed in describing:
a.co$"'ter.controlled fre+'ency re'se c. direct.se+'ence $ethod
b.fre+'ency.ho""ing d. all of the above
ANS:
1&. 4or a given data rate( direct.se+'ence syste$s( co$"ared to standard *4 syste$s( 'se:
a.abo't the sa$e bandwidth c. $'ch less bandwidth
b.$'ch $ore bandwidth d. a""roxi$ately do'ble the bandwidth
ANS: B
1). 6;rocessing gain6 is another ter$ for:
a.*4 gain c. s"reading gain
b. co$"'t er s"eed d. i$"roved signal.to.noise ratio
ANS:
1-. To calc'late "rocessing gain( divide the trans$itted *4 bandwidth by:
a.the digital data bit rate c. the S:N ratio
b.bandwidth of original baseband d. the chi" size
ANS: B
1/. A receiver for fre+'ency.ho""ing s"read.s"ectr'$ wo'ld be:
a.a narrowband receiver c. a direct.conversion receiver
b.a wideband receiver d. a %MA receiver
ANS: A
12. A receiver for direct.se+'ence s"read.s"ectr'$ wo'ld be:
a.a narrowband receiver c. a direct.conversion receiver
b.a wideband receiver d. a 6chi".rate6 receiver
ANS: B
13. %MA:
a.cannot be 'sed with fre+'ency.ho""ing s"read.s"ectr'$
b.cannot be 'sed with direct.se+'ence s"read.s"ectr'$
c.cannot be 'sed on an *4 channel
d.allows $any trans$itters to 'se a band si$'ltaneo'sly
ANS: %
!5. 4or o"ti$al "erfor$ance( %MA re+'ires the 'se of:
a.orthogonal ;N se+'ences c. tr'e.rando$ ;N se+'ences
b.non.orthogonal ;N se+'ences d. none of the above
ANS: A
COMPLETION
1. M'lti"lexing allows $any signals to a channel.
ANS: share
!. Three $ethods of $'lti"le access are 4%MA( T%MA( and .
ANS: %MA
#. 1n 4%M( each signal 'ses "art of the bandwidth of the ti$e.
ANS: al l
&. 1n T%M( each signal 'ses all of the bandwidth of the ti$e.
ANS: "art
). Csing %MA on a radio channel( all signals can trans$it of the ti$e.
ANS: al l
-. %S.1 is an exa$"le of .division $'lti"lexing.
ANS: ti$e
/. The AM radio band is an exa$"le of .division $'lti"lexing.
ANS: fre+'ency
2. A %S.1 fra$e contains one sa$"le fro$ each of channels.
ANS: !&
3. T1 'ses the line code.
ANS: AM1
15. Gach %S.1 fra$e contains a total of bits.
ANS: 13#
11. A %S.1 fra$e is trans$itted at a rate ofbits "er second.
ANS: 1.)&& Meg
1!. Gach sa$"le in a %S.1 fra$e contains bits.
ANS: 2
1#. A gro'" of twelve %S.1 fra$es is called a .
ANS: s'"erfra$e
1&. Switching signals fro$ one line to another is called switching.
ANS: s"ace
1). Moving ;M sa$"les fro$ one ti$e slot to another is called switching.
ANS: ti$e
1-. The dee" fades ca'sed by signal.cancellation d'e to reflection are calledfading.
ANS: *ayleigh
1/. A ;N se+'ence i s a .rando$ noise se+'ence.
ANS: "se'do
12. Jne $ethod of s"read.s"ectr'$ is fre+'ency .
ANS: ho""ing
1 3 . 1 t i s to ?a$ a s"read.s"ectr'$ signal.
ANS: diffic'lt
! 5 . 1 t i s to eavesdro" on a s"read.s"ectr'$ signal.
ANS: diffic'lt
!1. The extra bits added to the data in direct.se+'ence s"read.s"ectr'$ are called .
ANS: chi"s
!!. A chi""ing.rate of at least ti$es the bit rate of the data is co$$on.
ANS: ten
!#. The @ @ in %MA stands for .
ANS: code
!&. 1n a fre+'ency.ho""ing %MA syste$( when no two trans$itters 'se the sa$e fre+'ency at the sa$e
ti$e the ;N se+'ences are said to be .
ANS: orthogonal
SHORT NS!ER
1. 0hat does Hartley@s Aaw tell 's abo't the relationshi" between ti$e and bandwidth for digital
trans$issionD
ANS:
The $ore bandwidth( the less ti$e it ta9es to send a given a$o'nt of infor$ation. So the $ore bandwidth
available( the higher the "ossible bit rate.
!. How $any signals co'ld fit into 1 MHz of bandwidth if each signal re+'ired 155 9Hz of bandwidth
and the se"aration between ad?acent channels was 15 9HzD
ANS:
3
#. 0hy is it diffic'lt to ?a$ a s"read.s"ectr'$ signalD
ANS:
Ia$$ing re+'ires an interference signal of s'fficient "ower in the sa$e "art of the s"ectr'$ the
infor$ation signal occ'"ies. Beca'se a s"read.s"ectr'$ signal is( by definition( s"read o't over a very
wide bandwidth( ?a$$ing can interfere with only a s$all fraction of the total signal.
&. 0hy is it diffic'lt to eavesdro" on a s"read.s"ectr'$ signalD
ANS:
1n a s"read.s"ectr'$ trans$ission( the signal "ower at any given fre+'ency in its band is so low that it is
virt'ally indisting'ishable fro$ noise. An eavesdro""er wo'ld not 9now a signal was being sent. And
witho't 9nowing the exact se+'ence being 'sed( it is virt'ally i$"ossible to 6de.s"read6 the signal.
). 0hy is a'tocorrelation 'sed to receive direct.se+'ence s"read.s"ectr'$ signalsD
ANS:
A'tocorrelation allows a signal to be 6"'lled o't of6 the noise even when the signal.to.noise ratio is less
than one( as it is in s"read.s"ectr'$.
-. 0hat is $eant by 6orthogonal se+'ences6 in %MAD
ANS:
%'ring trans$ission( the ;N se+'ences deter$ine which "arts of the available bandwidth the s"read.
s"ectr'$ signal will occ'"y. Ass'$e yo' have two ;N se+'ences: ;N1 and ;N!. At so$e "oint in ti$e(
s'""ose ;N1 wo'ld ca'se a trans$ission to occ'"y fre+'encies f11( f1!( f1#( and so forth. Now s'""ose
;N! wo'ld ca'se the trans$ission to occ'"y fre+'encies f!1( f!!( f!#( and so forth. 1f the two sets of
fre+'encies( 7f11( f1!( f1#( ...8 and 7f!1( f!!( f!#( ...8( have no fre+'encies in co$$on( then the two ;N
se+'ences are said to be orthogonal.
Chapter 1(: Transmission Lines
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. S0* stands for:
a.Shorted 0ave *adiation c. Shorted 0ire *egion
b.Sine 0ave *es"onse d. none of the above
ANS: %
!. T%* stands for:
a.Total %istance of *eflection c. Ti$e.%o$ain *es"onse
b.Ti$e.%o$ain *eflecto$eter d. Trans$ission %elay *atio
ANS: B
#. An exa$"le of an 'nbalanced line is:
a. a coaxial cable c. an o"en.wire.line cable
b.#55.oh$ twin.lead TB cable d. all of the above
ANS: A
&. 0hen analyzing a trans$ission line( its ind'ctance and ca"acitance are considered to be:
a. l'$"ed c. e+'al reactances
b.distrib'ted d. ideal ele$ents
ANS: B
). As fre+'ency increases( the resistance of a wire:
a.increases c. stays the sa$e
b.decreases d. changes "eriodically
ANS: A
-. The effect of fre+'ency on the resistance of a wire is called:
a.I
!
R loss c. the s9in effect
0. the Jh$ic effect d. there is no s'ch effect
ANS:
/. As fre+'ency increases( the loss in a cable@s dielectric:
a.increases c. stays the sa$e
b.decreases d. there is no loss in a dielectric
ANS: A
2. The characteristic i$"edance of a cable de"ends on:
a.the resistance "er foot of the wire 'sed
b.the resistance "er foot and the ind'ctance "er foot
c.the resistance "er foot and the ca"acitance "er foot
d.the ind'ctance "er foot and the ca"acitance "er foot
ANS: /
3. 4or best $atching( the load on a cable sho'ld be:
a. lower than !5 c. e+'al to !5
b. higher than !5 d. )5 oh$s
ANS:
15. The characteristic i$"edance of a cable:
a.increases with length c. increases with voltage
b.increases with fre+'ency d. none of the above
ANS: %
11. The velocity factor of a cable de"ends $ostly on:
a.the wire resistance c. the ind'ctance "er foot
b.the dielectric constant d. all of the above
ANS: B
1!. A "ositive voltage "'lse sent down a trans$ission line ter$inated in a short.circ'it:
a.wo'ld reflect as a "ositive "'lse
b.wo'ld reflect as a negative "'lse
c.wo'ld reflect as a "ositive "'lse followed by a negative "'lse
d.wo'ld not reflect at all
ANS: B
1#. A "ositive voltage "'lse sent down a trans$ission line ter$inated with its characteristic i$"edance:
a.wo'ld reflect as a "ositive "'lse
b.wo'ld reflect as a negative "'lse
c.wo'ld reflect as a "ositive "'lse followed by a negative "'lse
d.wo'ld not reflect at all
ANS: %
1&. A "ositive voltage."'lse sent down a trans$ission line ter$inated in an o"en.circ'it:
a.wo'ld reflect as a "ositive "'lse
b.wo'ld reflect as a negative "'lse
c.wo'ld reflect as a "ositive "'lse followed by a negative "'lse
d.wo'ld not reflect at all
ANS: A
1). The o"ti$'$ val'e for S0* is:
a. zero c. as large as "ossible
b.one d. there is no o"ti$'$ val'e
ANS: B
1-. A non.o"ti$'$ val'e for S0* will ca'se:
a. st andi ng waves c. higher voltage "ea9s on cable
b.loss of "ower to load d. all of the above
ANS: /
1/. BS0* stands for:
a.variable S0* c. voltage S0*
b.vac''$ S0* d. none of the above
ANS:
12. The i$"edance 6loo9ing into6 a $atched line:
a.is infinite c. is the characteristic i$"edance
b. is zero d. )5 oh$s
ANS:
13. A S$ith hart is 'sed to calc'late:
a.trans$ission line i$"edances c. o"ti$'$ length of a trans$ission line
b."ro"agation velocity d. trans$ission line losses
ANS: A
!5. o$"ared to a #55.oh$ line( the loss of a )5.oh$ cable carrying the sa$e "ower:
a. wo'l d be less c. wo'ld be the sa$e
b. wo'l d be $ore d. cannot be co$"ared
ANS: B
!1. A balanced load can be connected to an 'nbalanced cable:
a. directly c. by 'sing a 6bal'n6
b.by 'sing a filter d. cannot be connected
ANS:
!!. Jn a S$ith hart( yo' 6nor$alize6 the i$"edance by:
a.ass'$ing it to be zeroc. $'lti"lying it by !
b. di vi di ng i t by !t d. dividing it by !5
ANS: %
!#. The radi's of the circle yo' draw on a S$ith hart re"resents:
a.the voltage c. the i$"edance
b.the c'rrent d. none of the above
ANS: %
!&. The center of the S$ith hart always re"resents:
a. zero c. the characteristic i$"edance
b.one d. none of the above
ANS:
!). A T%* is co$$only 'sed to:
a.$eas're the characteristic i$"edance of a cable
b.find the "osition of a defect in a cable
c. re"lace a slotted.line
d. al l of t he above
ANS: B
COMPLETION
1. A cable that lac9s sy$$etry with res"ect to gro'nd is called .
ANS: 'nbalanced
!. ;arallel lines are 's'ally o"erated as lines since both wires are sy$$etrical with
res"ect to gro'nd.
ANS: balanced
#. Nor$ally( a trans$ission line is ter$inated with a load e+'al to its i$"edance.
ANS: characteristic
&. Twisted."air cables are trans$ission lines for relatively fre+'encies.
ANS: low
). To analyze a trans$ission line( it is necessary to 'se "ara$eters instead of
l'$"ed ones.
ANS: distrib'ted
-. The increase of a wire@s resistance with fre+'ency is called the effect.
ANS: s9in
/. The increase of a wire@s resistance with fre+'ency is ca'sed by the field inside
the wire.
ANS: $agnetic
2. %ielectrics beco$e $ore as the fre+'ency increases.
ANS: lossy
3. The ind'ctance and ca"acitance of a cable are given "er 'nit .
ANS: length
15. haracteristic i$"edance is so$eti$es called i$"edance.
ANS: s'rge
11. A cable that is ter$inated in its characteristic i$"edance is called a line.
ANS: $atched
1!. A "'lse sent down a cable ter$inated in a short.circ'it will reflect with the
"olarity.
ANS: o""osite
1#. The a""arently stationary "attern of waves on a $is$atched cable is called a
wave.
ANS: standing
1&. S0* stands for .wave ratio.
ANS: standing
1). The ideal val'e for S0* is .
ANS: one
1-. Trans$ission line i$"edances can be fo'nd 'sing a chart.
ANS: S$ith
1/. Short trans$ission.line sections called can be 'sed as ca"acitors or ind'ctors.
ANS: st'bs
12. Any cable that radiates energy can also energy.
ANS: absorb
13. A .dB loss in a cable $eans only half the "ower sent reaches the load.
ANS: #
!5. 1t is often best to $eas're S0* at the end of a cable.
ANS: load
!1. Besides heat fro$ I
!
R( the "ower a cable can carry is li$ited by the voltage of
its dielectric.
ANS: brea9down
!!. To nor$alize an i$"edance on a S$ith hart( yo' divide it by .
ANS: !5
!#. The of a S$ith hart always re"resents the characteristic i$"edance.
ANS: center
!&. A wavelength trans$ission line can be 'sed a transfor$er.
ANS: one.+'arter
!). A slotted line is 'sed to $a9e $eas're$ents in the do$ain.
ANS: fre+'ency
SHORT NS!ER
1. A trans$ission line has !.) "4 of ca"acitance "er foot and 155 nH of ind'ctance "er foot. alc'late its
characteristic i$"edance.
ANS:
!5 < !55 oh$s
!. Two wires with air as a dielectric are one inch a"art. The dia$eter of the wire is .5& inch. alc'late(
a""roxi$ately( its characteristic i$"edance.
ANS:
#2- oh$s
#. 1f a coaxial cable 'ses "lastic ins'lation with a dielectric constant G
"
< !.- ( what is the velocity factor for
the cableD
ANS:
5.-!
&. 1f a cable has a velocity factor of 5.2( how long wo'ld it ta9e a signal to travel #555 9ilo$eters along the
cableD
ANS:
1!.) $s
). 1f a cable has a velocity factor of 5.2( what length of cable is re+'ired for a 35M "hase shift at 155 MHzD
ANS:
5.- $eters
-. A cable has a BS0* of 15. 1f the $ini$'$ voltage along the cable is !5 volts( what is the $axi$'$
voltage along the cableD
ANS: !55
volts
/. A lossless line has a characteristic i$"edance of )5 oh$s( b't is ter$inated with a /).oh$ resistive load.
0hat S0* do yo' ex"ect to $eas'reD
ANS:
1.)
2. 1f a cable has an S0* of 1.)( what will be the absol'te val'e of its voltage coefficient of reflectionD
ANS:
5.!
3. A generator $atched to a line with a voltage coefficient of reflection e+'al to 5.! trans$its 155 watts into
the line. How $'ch "ower is act'ally absorbed by the loadD
ANS:
3- watts
15. Csing a S$ith hart to analyze a )5.oh$ cable( what wo'ld be the nor$alized val'e of an i$"edance
e+'al to !55 > #)5 oh$sD
ANS:
& > #1
Chapter 1*: Radio#!a,e Propa)ation
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. *adio waves were first "redicted $athe$atically by:
a.Ar$strong c. Maxwell
b.Hertz d. Marconi
ANS:
!. *adio waves were first de$onstrated ex"eri$entally by:
a.Ar$strong c. Maxwell
b.Hertz d. Marconi
ANS: B
#. The technology that $ade cell "hones "ractical was:
a.the $icro"rocessor chi" c. high."ower $icrowave trans$itters
b.the $iniat're cell.site d. all of the above
ANS: A
&. ell "hones red'ce $'ch of the "roble$s of $obile co$$'nications with:
a.high "ower levels c. re'se of fre+'encies
b. hi gh ant ennasd. all of the above
ANS:
). 0hich of the following are electro$agnetic:
a.radio waves c. ga$$a waves
b. l i ght d. all of the above
ANS: %
-. The electric and $agnetic fields of a radio wave are:
a."er"endic'lar to each other c. both a and b
b."er"endic'lar to the direction of travel d. none of the above
ANS:
/. TGM stands for:
a.Transverse Glectro$agnetic c. Tr'e Glectro$agnetic
b.Trans$itted Glectro$agnetic d. none of the above
ANS: A
2. 1n free s"ace( radio waves travel at a s"eed of:
a.# x 15
-
$eters "er second c. # x 15
-
$iles "er second
b.#55 x 15
-
$eters "er second d. #55 x 15
-
$iles "er second
ANS: B
3. 0hich is a "ossible "olarization for an electro$agnetic wave:
a. vertical c. circ'lar
b.horizontal d. all of the above
ANS: %
15. 0hich "olarization can be reasonably well received by a circ'larly "olarized antenna:
a. vertical c. circ'lar
b.horizontal d. all of the above
ANS: %
11. The n'$ber of circ'lar "olarization $odes 7directions8 is:
a.1 c. #
b.! d. $any
ANS: B
1!. An antenna has 6gain6 as co$"ared to:
a.an isotro"ic radiator c. a gro'nd.wave antenna
b.a vertically "olarized radiator d. none of the above
ANS: A
1#. G1*; stands for:
a.the G and 1 fields of the *adiated ;ower
b.the Gffective 1sotro"ic *adiated ;ower
c.the Gffective 1nternal *eflected ;ower
d.the Glectric.field 1ntensity of the *adiated ;ower
ANS: B
1&. The 6atten'ation of free s"ace6 is d'e to:
a.losses in the characteristic i$"edance of free s"ace
b.losses d'e to absor"tion in the '""er at$os"here
c.the decrease in energy "er s+'are $eter d'e to ex"ansion of the wavefront
d.the decrease in energy "er s+'are $eter d'e to absor"tion of the wavefront
ANS:
1). Lro'nd waves are $ost effective:
a.below abo't ! MHz c. at $icrowave fre+'encies
b.above abo't !5 MHz d. when 'sing horizontally "olarized waves
ANS: A
1-. *adio waves wo'ld $ost strongly reflect off:
a.a flat ins'lating s'rface of the right size c. a flat $etallic s'rface of the right size
b.a flat dielectric s'rface of the right size d. a flat body of water
ANS:
1/. *adio waves so$eti$es 6bend6 aro'nd a corner beca'se of:
%5. f the n$mber of cell-phone $sers within a cell increases above some limit:
a. the cell area is increased c. the power levels are increased
a. reflection c. refraction
b. diff'sion d. diffraction
ANS: %
12. S"ace waves are:
a. li ne.of.si ght
b.reflected off the ionos"here
c. sa$e as s9y waves
d.radio waves 'sed for satellite co$$'nications
ANS: A
13. S9y waves:
a. are l i ne.of.si ght
b.6bo'nce6 off the ionos"here
c.are sa$e as s"ace waves
d.are radio waves 'sed for satellite co$$'nications
ANS: B
!5. S9y waves cannot be 6heard6:
a.close to the trans$itter c. in the 6silent6 zone
b.far fro$ the trans$itter d. in the 6s9i"6 zone
ANS: %
!1. A !5.dB red'ction in the strength of a radio wave d'e to reflection is called:
a. fading c. fre+'ency diversity
b.diffraction d. s"atial diversity
ANS: A
!!. 6Lhosts6 on a TB screen are an exa$"le of:
a. fading c. $'lti"ath distortion
b.diffraction d. cancellation d'e to reflection
ANS:
!#. A 6re"eater6 is 'sed to:
a.send a $essage $'lti"le ti$es over a channel
b.send a $essage over $'lti"le channels at the sa$e ti$e
c.extend the range of a radio co$$'nications syste$
d.cancel the effects of fading
ANS:
!&. ell'lar "hone syste$s rely on:
a.high "ower c. the radio horizon
b.re"eaters d. the re'se of fre+'encies
ANS: %
%5. f the n$mber of cell-phone $sers within a cell increases above some limit:
a. the cell area is increased c. the power levels are increased
b. the cell area is s"lit d. the n'$ber of channels is red'ced
ANS: B
!-. As a cell."hone 'ser "asses fro$ one cell to another:
a.a 6handoff6 "rocess occ'rs c. both cells will handle the call
b.a 6sectoring6 "rocess occ'rs d. nothing occ'rs
ANS: A
!/. To receive several data strea$s at once( a %MA s"read.s"ectr'$ syste$ 'ses:
a.a 6f'nnel6 receiver c. $'lti"le receivers
b.a 6ra9e6 receiver d. none of the above
ANS: B
!2. The tro"os"here is the:
a.highest layer of the at$os"here c. lowest layer of the at$os"here
b.$iddle layer of the at$os"here d. the $ost ionized layer of the at$os"here
ANS:
!3. Meteor.trail "ro"agation is:
a.'sed for radio tele"hony c. also called 6d'cting6
b.'sed to send data by radio d. not "ossible
ANS: B
COMPLETION
1. *adio waves were $athe$atically "redicted by .
ANS: Maxwell
!. *adio waves were first de$onstrated by .
ANS: Hertz
#. *adio waves are electro$agnetic waves.
ANS: transverse
&. The "ro"agation s"eed of radio waves in free s"ace is $:sec.
ANS: #55 = 15
-
). Glectro$agnetic radiation can be tho'ght of as a strea$ of "articles called .
ANS: "hotons
-. Cnli9e so'nd or water waves( radio waves do not need a to travel thro'gh.
ANS: $edi'$
/. The dielectric strength of clean dry air is abo't volts "er $eter.
ANS: # = 15
-
2. 0aves fro$ an so'rce radiate e+'ally in all directions.
ANS: isotro"ic
3. The wavefront of a "oint so'rce wo'ld have the sha"e of a .
ANS: s"here
15. At a far distance fro$ the so'rce( a radio wavefront loo9s li9e a flat .wave.
ANS: "lane
11. The "olarization of a radio wave is the direction of its field.
ANS: electric
1!. The electric field of a radio wave is to its $agnetic field.
ANS: "er"endic'lar
1#. Both the electric and $agnetic fields of a radio wave are to its "ro"agation
direction.
ANS: "er"endic'lar
1&. 0i t h "olarization( the direction of a radio wave@s electric field rotates as it
travels thro'gh s"ace.
ANS: circ'lar
1). An antenna is said to have in a certain direction if it radiates $ore "ower in that
direction than in other directions.
ANS: gain
1-. The watts "er s+'are $eter of a radio wave as the wave.front $oves thro'gh
s"ace.
ANS: decrease
1/. *eflection of "lane.waves fro$ a s$ooth s'rface is called reflection.
ANS: s"ec'lar
12. is the 6bending6 of radio waves as they travel across the bo'ndary between two
different dielectrics.
ANS: *efraction
13. The "rocess of $a9es radio waves a""ear to 6bend aro'nd a corner6.
ANS: diffraction
!5. waves travel fro$ trans$itter to receiver in a 6line.of.sight6 fashion.
ANS: S"ace
!1. waves are vertically "olarized radio waves that travel along the earth@s s'rface.
ANS: Lro'nd
!!. waves are radio waves that 6bo'nce off6 the ionos"here d'e to refraction.
ANS: S9y
!#. The zone is a region where s9y waves cannot be received.
ANS: s9i"
!&. 6Lhosts6 on a TB screen are an exa$"le of distortion.
ANS: $'lti"ath
!). The 6fast fading6 seen in $obile co$$'nications is ca'sed by waves interfering
with direct waves.
ANS: reflected
!-. ell "hones ty"ically o"erate at a "ower level.
ANS: low
!/. The of fre+'encies allows $any cell."hone 'sers to share a geogra"hical area.
ANS: re'se
!2. is when a cell.site 'ses three directional antennas( each covering a third of the
cell area( to red'ce interference.
ANS: Sectoring
!3. The 'se of chi"s $a9es cell "hones a "ractical technology.
ANS: $icro"rocessor
SHORT NS!ER
1. A certain dielectric has "er$ittivity of -.# = 15
K15
4:$ and the sa$e "er$eability as free s"ace. 0hat is
the characteristic i$"edance of that dielectricD
ANS:
&) oh$s
!. 1f a "oint so'rce of radio waves trans$its 1 watt( what is the "ower density 15(555 $eters fro$ the
so'rceD
ANS:
/3- "0:$
!
#. 0hat "ower $'st a "oint.so'rce of radio waves trans$it so that the "ower density at #555 $eters
fro$ the so'rce is 1 E0:$
!
D
ANS:
11# watts
&. 1f a radio receiver needs 1 n0:$
!
of "ower density to f'nction( how far away fro$ a 1.watt "oint so'rce
will it contin'e to wor9D
ANS:
2.3 9$
). A line.of.sight radio lin9 over flat terrain needs to 'se antenna towers )5 9$ a"art. 0hat( a""roxi$ately(
is the $ini$'$ height for the towers ass'$ing all the towers are the sa$eD
ANS:
#/ $eters
-. A $obile radio is being 'sed at 1 LHz in an 'rban environ$ent with lots of reflecting str'ct'res. 1f the
car is traveling #- 9$:ho'r( what is the ex"ected ti$e between fadesD
ANS:
1) $sec
Chapter 1+: ntenna
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The real "art of an antenna@s in"'t i$"edance is d'e to:
a.the radiated signal c. the S0*
b.the reflected signal d. all of the above
ANS: A
!. A half.wave di"ole is so$eti$es called:
a.a Marconi antenna c. a Pagi antenna
b. a Hertz antenna d. none of the above
ANS: B
#. The end.to.end length of a half.wave di"ole antenna is act'ally:
a. one wavel engt h c. slightly longer than a half.wavelength
b.one half.wavelength d. slightly shorter than a half.wavelength
ANS: %
&. The radiation of energy fro$ an antenna can be seen in the:
a.standing wave "attern aro'nd the antenna c. radiation resistance of the antenna
b.S0* along the feed cable d. I
!
R loss of the antenna
ANS:
). Meas'red on the gro'nd( the field strength of a horizontally "olarized half.wave di"ole antenna is
strongest:
a. in one direction c. in all directions
b.in two directions d. de"ends on the n'$ber of ele$ents
ANS: B
-. The ability of an antenna to radiate $ore energy in one direction than in other directions is called:
a.directivity c. active antenna
b.selectivity d. resonance
ANS: A
/. The front.to.bac9 ratio of a half.wave di"ole antenna is:
a.5 dB c. 15 dB
b.# dB d. infinite
ANS: A
2. An antenna@s bea$width is $eas'red:
a. f r o$ >35M t o K35M c. between half."ower "oints
b.fro$ front to bac9 d. between the $inor side.lobes
ANS:
3. G*; stands for:
a.G+'ivalent *adiation ;attern c. G+'ivalent *adiated ;ower
b.Gffective *adiation ;attern d. Gffective *adiated ;ower
ANS: %
15. 6Lro'nd Gffects6 refers to the effects on an antenna@s radiation "attern ca'sed by:
a.radio signals reflecting off the gro'nd
b.b'ildings and other str'ct'res on the gro'nd
c . f a di ng
d.fa'lty connection of the feed cable gro'nd
ANS: A
11. A 1.MHz $ono"ole antenna $'st be:
a.$o'nted vertically c. at least one half.wavelength long
b.$o'nted horizontally d. at least one wavelength long
ANS: A
1!. The ty"ical antenna in an AM radio is a:
a. di "ol e c. ferrite 6loo".stic96
b. fol ded di "ol e d. none of the above
ANS:
1#. The "olarization of "lane waves received fro$ a satellite is changed by:
a.ga$$a rays c. helical rotation
b.4araday *otation d. the distance traveled
ANS: B
1&. A nonresonant antenna:
a.will not trans$it c. will ca'se S0* on the feed cable
b.will not receive d. all of the above
ANS:
1). At resonance( the in"'t i$"edance to a lossless antenna sho'ld be:
a.resistive c. ca"acitive
b.ind'ctive d. infinite
ANS: A
1-. An antenna can be $atched to a feed line 'sing:
a. a short ed st'b c. an A networ9
b. a loading coil d. all of the above
ANS: %
1/. As the length of a 6long.wire6 antenna is increased:
a. the n'$ber of lobes increases c. efficiency decreases
An antenna is the interface between the transmission line and .
ANS: space.
Hertz antenna is another name for a half-wave
b. the n'$ber of nodes decreases d. none of the above
ANS: A
12. Arrays can be:
a. "hased c. "arasitic
b.driven d. all of the above
ANS: %
13. An array with one driven ele$ent( a reflector( and one or $ore directors is called a:
a.Marconi c. Aog.;eriodic %i"ole
b.Pagi d. stac9ed array
ANS: B
!5. A;%A stands for:
a.Aow.;ower %i"ole Array c. Aog.;eriodic %i"ole Array
b.Aow.;ower %irected Array d. Aog ;ower %i"ole Array
ANS:
!1. The radiated bea$ fro$ a "arabolic 6dish6 trans$itting antenna is:
a.colli$ated c. dis"ersed
b."hased d. none of the above
ANS: A
!!. The energy "ic9ed '" by a "arabolic antenna is concentrated at the:
a. cent er c. foc's
b.edges d. horn
ANS:
!#. Antennas are often tested in:
a. an echo cha$ber c. a vac''$ cha$ber
b.an anechoic cha$ber d. an *4 reflective cha$ber
ANS: B
!&. 4ield strength at a distance fro$ an antenna is $eas'red with:
a. a sl ot t ed l ine c. an G1*; $eter
b.a di"ole d. a field.strength $eter
ANS: %
COMPLETION
ANS: di"ole
#. The length of a half.wave di"ole is abo't N of a half.wave in free s"ace.
ANS: 3)
&. The resistance is the "ortion of an antenna@s in"'t i$"edance d'e to trans$itted
radio waves leaving the antenna.
ANS: radiation
). 1n"'t i$"edance at the center feed "oint of a resonant half.wave di"ole is abo't
.
ANS: /5
-. 1n"'t i$"edance at the center feed "oint of a resonant folded di"ole is abo't .
ANS: !25 K #55
/. The vertical angle of radiation is called the angle of .
ANS: elevation
2. Antenna radiation "atterns are ty"ically drawn on gra"hs with coordinates.
ANS: "olar
3. As co$"ared to a so'rce( a half.wave di"ole has a gain of abo't ! dBi.
ANS:
"oint
isotro"ic
15. Antenna gain $eas'red in is with reference to a half.wave di"ole.
ANS: dBd
11. is the sa$e as the gain for a lossless antenna.
ANS: %irectivity
1!. The front.to.bac9 ratio of a half.wave di"ole is dB.
ANS: 5
1#. The of a directional antenna is the angle between its half."ower "oints.
ANS: bea$width
1&. G*; stands for radiated "ower.
ANS: effective
1). G*; is the "ower in"'t to the antenna $'lti"lied by the antenna@s .
ANS: gain
1-. A is re+'ired to connect a coaxial cable to a center.fed di"ole antenna.
ANS: bal'n
1/. A horizontally $o'nted di"ole will radiate waves with "olarization.
ANS: horizontal
12. A folded di"ole has bandwidth than a standard di"ole.
ANS:
wider
greater
$ore
13. A $ono"ole antenna is ty"ically $o'nted in the direction.
ANS: vertical
!5. The length of a ty"ical $ono"ole antenna is wavelength.
ANS:
one.+'arter
1:&
!1. A $ono"ole antenna $o'nted high on a tower ty"ically 'ses a "lane.
ANS: gro'nd
!!. A vertical antenna has an radiation "attern for gro'nd.based receivers.
ANS: o$nidirectional
!#. The n'$ber of driven ele$ents in a Pagi antenna is ty"ically .
ANS: one
!&. The reflector on a Pagi antenna is called a ele$ent.
ANS: "arasitic
!). An A;%A is a di"ole array.
ANS: log."eriodic
!-. 1f an A;%A had five ele$ents( the n'$ber of driven ele$ents it had wo'ld be .
ANS: five
!/. All the waves that hit the s'rface of a "arabolic antenna $erge at the .
ANS: foc's
!2. A bea$ has all its individ'al rays "arallel to each other.
ANS: colli$ated
!3. A $icrowave antenna is essentially an extension of a waveg'ide.
ANS: horn
# 5 . A n cha$ber is often 'sed to test $icrowave antennas.
ANS: anechoic
SHORT NS!ER
1. alc'late the "hysical length of a half.wave di"ole for 'se at #55 MHz.
ANS:
&/) $illi$eters
!. How $'ch "ower will a 3)N efficient antenna radiate if driven with 155 wattsD
ANS:
3) watts
#. 1f an antenna has 15.1& dB of gain co$"ared to a "oint so'rce( how $'ch gain does it have co$"ared to a
half.wave di"oleD
ANS:
2 dB
&. 0hat is the G*; of an antenna with 15 dBd of gain and driven by one wattD
ANS:
15 watts
). A resonant antenna has an in"'t i$"edance of 155 oh$s and is driven by 155 watts. 0hat is the *MS
c'rrent in the antennaD
ANS:
1 a$"ere
-. A resonant antenna has an in"'t i$"edance of 155 oh$s and is driven by 155 watts. 0hat is the *MS
voltage at the feed."oint of the antennaD
ANS:
155 volts
Chapter 1-: Micro2a,e .e,ices
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The $icrowave fre+'ency range is considered to start at:
a.155 MHz c. 15 LHz
b.1 LHz d. 155 LHz
ANS: B
!. The CH4 range is:
a.below the $icrowave range c. above the $icrowave range
b.inside the $icrowave range d. sa$e as the $icrowave range
ANS: A
#. The do$inant $ode of a waveg'ide de"ends on:
a.the sha"e of the waveg'ide c. the "oint of signal in?ection
b.the "ower level of the signal d. none of the above
ANS: A
&. The do$inant $ode of a rectang'lar waveg'ide is:
a. TG 5 1 c. TG 15
b. TM 51 d. TM15
ANS:
). The do$inant $ode of a circ'lar waveg'ide is:
a. TG 5 1 c. TG 11
b. TM 51 d. TM11
ANS:
-. irc'lar waveg'ides 'se TM
51
$ode beca'se:
a. i t is do$i nant c. it is the only $ode "ossible
b.of its circ'lar sy$$etry d. it is $ore efficient
ANS: B
/. The characteristic i$"edance of a waveg'ide:
a. i s f i xed
b.de"ends on the fre+'ency it carries
c.de"ends on the longer di$ension of its cross section
d. bot h b and c
ANS: %
2. ;ower can be co'"led into or o't of a waveg'ide:
a.with a $agnetic field "robe c. thro'gh a hole in the waveg'ide
b.with an electric field "robe d. all of the above
ANS: %
3. %irectional co'"lers for waveg'ides are characterized by:
a.their insertion loss c. their directivity
b.their co'"ling s"ecification d. all of the above
ANS: %
15. Stri"lines and $icrostri"s are 'sed to:
a.co'"le sections of waveg'ide c. co'"le co$"onents on a circ'it board
b.co'"le waveg'ides to antennas d. none of the above
ANS:
11. A resonant cavity is a ty"e of:
a. t 'ned ci rc'i t c. antenna
b.defect in a waveg'ide d. none of the above
ANS: A
1!. A TGG connector 'sed with waveg'ides is:
a. an H."l ane TGG c. a 6$agic6 TGG
b. an G."lane TGG d. all of the above
ANS: %
1#. T0T stands for:
a.Transverse 0ave Trans$issionc. Traveling.0ave T'be
b.Transverse.0ave T'be d. Traveling.0ave Trans$ission
ANS:
1&. An 6isolator6 is a device that:
a.isolates fre+'encies in a waveg'ide
b.allows a signal to "ass in one direction only
c.se"arates signals a$ong vario's "orts
d."revents $icrowaves fro$ lea9ing o't of a waveg'ide
ANS: B
1). A 6circ'lator6 is a device that:
a.rotates signal "olarity in a waveg'ide
b.allows a signal to "ass in one direction only
c.se"arates signals a$ong vario's "orts
d."revents $icrowaves fro$ being 6tra""ed6 in a waveg'ide
ANS:
1-. LaAs stands for:
a. galli'$ arsenide c. galli'$ astenite
b.galli'$ asse$bly d. none of the above
ANS: %
1/. 1M;ATT stands for:
a.i$"act avalanche and transit ti$e c. i$"lied "ower at trans$ission ter$inal
b.ind'ced $obility at trans$ission ti$e d. none of the above
ANS: A
12. P1L stands for:
a.Pttri'$.1ron.Lalli'$c. Pttri'$.1ron.Larnet
b.Pttri'$.1ron.Ler$ani'$ d. none of the above
ANS:
13. A P1L can be t'ned by a""lying:
a.an electric field c. $echanical "ress're
b. a $agnetic field d. an 6exciter6 signal
ANS: B
!5. The device co$$only 'sed in $icrowave ovens is the:
a.T0T c. $agnetron
b.9lystron d. P1L
ANS:
!1. The device co$$only 'sed in satellite co$$'nications is the:
a.T0T c. $agnetron
b.9lystron d. P1L
ANS: A
!!. The device co$$only 'sed in CH4 trans$itters is the:
a.T0T c. $agnetron
b.9lystron d. P1L
ANS: B
!#. A $icrowave "hased array is often $ade 'sing:
a. sl ot s c. 4resnel lenses
b.Pagis d. all of the above
ANS: A
!&. *A%A* stands for:
a. radi o rangi ng c. radio detection and ranging
b.radio de"th and ranging d. re$ote detection and ranging
ANS:
!). *A%A* 'ses:
a."'lsed trans$ission c. the %o""ler effect
b.contin'o's trans$ission d. all of the above
ANS: %
!-. The $axi$'$ effective range for "'lsed radar:
a.increases with increasing re"etition rate c. decreases with increasing "'lse "eriod
b.decreases with increasing re"etition rate d. none of the above
ANS: B
!/. The $ini$'$ effective range for "'lsed radar:
a.increases with increasing "'lse d'ration c. is always a tenth of the $axi$'$ range
b.decreases with increasing "'lse d'ration d. none of the above
ANS: A
COMPLETION
1. is the effect of a "'lse 6s"reading o't6 as it travels thro'gh a waveg'ide.
ANS: %is"ersion
!. The electric field is along the walls of a rectang'lar waveg'ide.
ANS: zero
#. The waveg'ide $ode with the lowest c'toff fre+'ency is the $ode.
ANS: do$inant
&. 1n
TG15
$ode( the field "ea9s in the $iddle of the waveg'ide cross section.
ANS: electric
). 1n
TG!5
$ode( the electric field has "ea9s in the waveg'ide cross section.
ANS: two
-. 1n a circ'lar waveg'ide( $ode is 'sed beca'se of its circ'lar sy$$etry.
ANS: TM51
/. A waveg'ide acts as a ."ass filter.
ANS: high
2. 1n a waveg'ide( gro'" velocity is always than the s"eed of light.
ANS: slower
3. 1n a waveg'ide( "hase velocity is always than the s"eed of light.
ANS: faster
15. 1n a waveg'ide( i$"edance as fre+'ency increases.
ANS: decreases
11. A TGG is a co$bination of G."lane and H."lane TGGS.
ANS: hybrid
1!. The Q of a resonant cavity is very co$"ared to l'$"ed A circ'its.
ANS: high
1#. A wave$eter is a resonant with an ad?'stable "l'nger.
ANS: cavity
1&. A L'nn device oscillates beca'se of its negative .
ANS: resistance
1). Both $agnetrons and T0Ts are slow t'bes.
ANS: wave
1-. Both 9lystrons and T0Ts are .bea$ t'bes.
ANS: linear
1/. A antenna is ?'st a waveg'ide with a hole in it.
ANS: slot
12. A antenna is a flat "iece of co""er on an ins'lating s'bstrate with a gro'nd
"lane on the other side.
ANS: "atch
13. The radar cross section of a target is ty"ically than its act'al size.
ANS: s$aller
!5. The fre+'ency of the ret'rned signal will be than the trans$itted signal if the
target is $oving toward the radar antenna.
ANS: higher
SHORT NS!ER
1. alc'late the
TG15
c'toff fre+'ency for a rectang'lar waveg'ide if the longer di$ension of its cross
section is ) c$.
ANS:
# LHz
!.alc'late the gro'" velocity in a waveg'ide carrying a signal that is twice its c'toff fre+'ency.
ANS:
!-5 = 15
-
$eters "er second
#.alc'late the "hase velocity in a waveg'ide carrying a signal that is twice its c'toff fre+'ency.
ANS:
#&- = 15
-
$eters "er second
&.alc'late the wavelength of a !.LHz signal in a waveg'ide with a 1.LHz c'toff fre+'ency.
ANS:
1/# $illi$eters
).4ind the gain in dBi of a 15.LHz horn antenna with $E < $%< -5 $$.
ANS:
1&.2
-.4ind the $axi$'$ 'na$big'o's range for a "'lsed radar sending 159 "'lses "er second.
ANS:
1) 9$
/.4ind the $ini$'$ 'na$big'o's range for a "'lsed radar sending !.Esec d'ration "'lses.
ANS:
#55 $eters
Chapter 1/: Terrestria' Micro2a,e Communication Systems
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Another ter$ for a single $icrowave lin9 is a:
a. sect i on c. s9i "
b.ho" d. ?'$"
ANS: B
!. Microwave syste$s 'se:
a.4M c. HAM
b.SSB d. all of the above
ANS: %
#. The ty"ical reliability of a $icrowave syste$ is:
a.35N c. 33.3N
b.33N d. 33.33N
ANS: %
&. A ty"ical $icrowave syste$ 'ses a trans$itted "ower of abo't:
a. ! watts c. !55 watts
b.!5 watts d. none of the above
ANS: A
). 1n analog $icrowave syste$s( additional re"eaters increase the:
a.reliability c. ?itter
b.noise level d. all of the above
ANS: B
-. 1n digital $icrowave syste$s( additional re"eaters increase the:
a.reliability c. ?itter
b.noise level d. all of the above
ANS:
/. AJS stands for:
a. Aoss Jf S9i " c. Aine.Jf.Sight
b. Aoss Jf Signal d. Aine.Jf.Signal
ANS:
2. Too $'ch antenna gain ca'ses:
a.a very narrow $icrowave bea$ c. excessive noise
b.a very wide $icrowave bea$ d. ?itter
ANS: A
3. The $icrowave signal "ath sho'ld clear obstacles by at least:
a.-5N of the 4araday zone c. -5N of the height of the antenna tower
b.-5N of the 4resnel zone d. -5N of the highest obstacle height
ANS: B
15. Satisfactory "erfor$ance of an analog $icrowave syste$ is defined as:
a.a carrier.to.noise ratio that exceeds a given val'e
b.an G*; level that exceeds a given val'e
c.an energy."er.hertz level that exceeds a given val'e
d. none of t he above
ANS: A
11. Satisfactory "erfor$ance of a digital $icrowave syste$ re+'ires a:
a.low level of trans$itted "ower
b. hi gh l evel of G*;
c.good energy "er bit "er trans$itted 0att ratio
d.good energy "er bit "er noise density ratio
ANS: %
1!. 4ading is ca'sed by:
a.$'lti"ath rece"tion c. d'cting
b.atten'ation d'e to weather d. all of the above
ANS: %
1#. The effects of fading d'e to $'lti"ath rece"tion are often red'ced 'sing:
a.diversity c. high.gain antennas
b."ower d. all of the above
ANS: A
1&. *e"eaters are 'sed in a $icrowave syste$:
a. always c. above 15 LHz
b.when distance exceeds line.of.sight d. below 15 LHz
ANS: B
1). Microwave re"eaters can be:
a. 14 ty"e c. regenerative ty"e
b. baseband ty"e d. all of the above
ANS: %
1-. An advantage of digital techni+'es over analog in a $icrowave syste$ is:
a.less bandwidth is re+'ired c. it re+'ires less "ower
b.acc'$'lation of noise is red'ced d. all of the above
ANS: B
1/. MM%S stands for:
a. M'ltichannel Microwave %istrib'tion Syste$
b.M'lti"oint Microwave %istrib'tion Syste$
c.M'ltichannel M'lti"oint %istrib'tion Syste$
d.M'lti"le Microwave %istrib'tion Syste$s
ANS:
12. AM%S stands for:
a.Aocal Microwave %istrib'tion Syste$
b.Aocal M'lti"oint %istrib'tion Syste$
c.Aocal M'ltichannel %istrib'tion Syste$
d.Aow."ower Microwave %istrib'tion Syste$
ANS: B
13. AM%S is:
a. bi di rect i onal c. $'ltidirectional
b. 'nidirectional d. none of the above
ANS: A
COMPLETION
1. Jne $icrowave lin9 is called a .
ANS: ho"
!. STA st ands for .to.trans$itter lin9s.
ANS: st'dio
#. A ty"ical $icrowave syste$ has abo't one ho'r "er or less of downti$e.
ANS: year
&. Adding $ore lin9s ca'ses in a digital $icrowave syste$.
ANS: ?itter
). 1n $icrowave syste$s( it is $ore convenient to 'se noisethan noise fig're in
calc'lations.
ANS: te$"erat're
-. 1n digital $icrowave syste$s( the energy "er bit "er is a 9ey "ara$eter.
ANS: noise density
/. M'lti"ath rece"tion can ca'se !5 dB or $ore of .
ANS: fading
2. Two antennas stac9ed one above the other on a tower is an exa$"le of diversity
in a $icrowave syste$.
ANS: s"ace
3. The ability to 'se two fre+'encies si$'ltaneo'sly is an exa$"le of .
ANS: diversity
15. Microwave syste$s generally 'se less than watts of "ower.
ANS: ten
11. are necessary in a $icrowave syste$ that extends beyond the line.of.sight
distance.
ANS: *e"eaters
1!. Analog $icrowave syste$s 'se both 14 and re"eaters.
ANS: baseband
1#. Microwave digital radio techni+'es red'ce the acc'$'lation of as a signal goes
fro$ lin9 to lin9.
ANS: noise
1&. MM%S is 'nidirectional( b't is bidirectional.
ANS: AM%S
SHORT NS!ER
1. 1f the line.of.sight distance for an o"tical bea$ is 1! 9$( what wo'ld it be( a""roxi$ately( for a
$icrowave bea$D
ANS:
1- 9$
!. A line.of.sight $icrowave lin9 o"erating at & LHz has a se"aration of &5 9$ between antennas. An
obstacle in the "ath is located $idway between the two antennas. By how $'ch $'st the bea$ clear the
obstacleD
ANS:
1-.& $eters
#. A trans$itter and receiver o"erating at 1 LHz are se"arated by 15 9$. How $any dB$ of "ower gets to
the receiver if the trans$itter "'ts o't 1 0att( and both the sending and receiving antennas have a gain of
!5 dBiD
ANS: K
&!.& dB$
&. A $icrowave syste$ has a feed.line loss of ! dB and sees a s9y te$"erat're of 1)5 F. alc'late the noise
te$"erat're of the antenna:feed.line syste$ referenced to the receiver in"'t.
ANS:
!51 F
). A $icrowave receiver receives K-5 dB$ of signal. The noise "ower is K155 dB$. 0hat is the carrier.to.
noise "ower ratioD
ANS:
&5 dB
Chapter 10: Te'e,ision
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. NTS stands for:
a.National Television Syste$s o$$ission
b.National Television Syste$s o$$ittee
c.National Television Syste$s o'ncil
d.Ni""on Television Syste$s o$$ission
ANS: B
!. The NTS s"ecification was drawn '" by the:
a.4 c. G1A
b.1*G d. 1GGG
ANS:
#. *LB stands for:
a. *ed.Lreen B'rst c. *ed.Lreen Bandwidth
b.*ed.Lreen Brightness d. *ed.Lreen.Bl'e
ANS: %
&. The n'$ber of scan lines in an NTS signal is:
a.)!) c. 15!&
b.-!) d. 1!)5
ANS: A
). The n'$ber of NTS fra$es sent "er second is:
a.!) c. )5
b.#5 d. -5
ANS: B
-. The n'$ber of NTS fields sent "er second is:
a.!) c. )5
b.#5 d. -5
ANS: %
/. The as"ect ratio of a standard TB receiver is:
a. # : & c. )!) : -!)
b. & : # d. -!) : )!)
ANS: B
2. A'$inance refers to:
a.brightness c. chro$a
b.contrast d. raster
ANS: A
3. A'$inance is $eas'red in:
a. foot .candl es c. 1*G 'nits
b.l'$ins d. NTS 'nits
ANS:
15. The $axi$'$ l'$inance level is called:
a.$ax white c. all white
b."ea9 white d. whiter than white
ANS: B
11. The blan9ing level corres"onds to a l'$inance of:
a. whi t e c. whiter than white
b. blac9 d. blac9er than blac9
ANS: B
1!. The sync "'lse level corres"onds to a l'$inance of:
a. whi t e c. whiter than white
b. blac9 d. blac9er than blac9
ANS: %
1#. The vertical blan9ing "'lse is serrated to:
a.$aintain horizontal sync c. e+'alize the % level
b.$aintain vertical sync d. all of the above
ANS: A
1&. 0hen $eas'red in lines( horizontal resol'tion:
a.is greater than vertical resol'tion
b.is abo't the sa$e as vertical resol'tion
c.is less than vertical resol'tion
d.horizontal resol'tion is not $eas'red in lines
ANS: B
1). The s$allest "ict're ele$ent is called a:
a.dot c. "i xel
b."ic d. none of the above
ANS:
1-. 1n a color TB receiver( P 1 H refers to:
a.l'$inance signal( in."hase color co$"onent( +'adrat're "hase color co$"onent
b.co$"osite color signal( in."hase color co$"onent( +'adrat're "hase color co$"onent
c.co$"osite video signal( in."hase video co$"onent( +'adrat're video color co$"onent
d.a $ethod of de$od'lating stereo so'nd
ANS: A
1/. o$"ared to the l'$inance signal( the horizontal resol'tion for color is:
a.$'ch greater c. $'ch less
b. abo't the sa$e d. resol'tion does not a""ly to color
ANS:
12. The $od'lation 'sed for the video signal in a standard NTS color TB receiver is:
a.SSB c. s'""ressed.carrier AM
b.vestigial sideband AM d. 4M
ANS: B
13. The $od'lation 'sed for the a'dio signal in a standard NTS color TB receiver is:
a.SSB c. s'""ressed.carrier AM
b.vestigial sideband AM d. 4M
ANS: %
!5. The $od'lation 'sed for the chro$a signal in a standard NTS color TB receiver is:
a.SSB c. s'""ressed.carrier AM
b.vestigial sideband AM d. 4M
ANS:
!1. The f'nction of the 6color b'rst6 is to:
a.detect the "resence of a color video signal
b.regenerate the color s'b.carrier
c.to synchronize the color de$od'lation line by line
d. al l of t he above
ANS: %
!!. SA; stands for:
a.se"arate a'dio "rogra$ c. sync a$"lit'de "'lse
b.se"arate a'dio "'lse d. sync a'dio "'lse
ANS: A
!#. The horizontal o't"'t transfor$er is also called:
a.the isolation transfor$er c. the flybac9 transfor$er
b.the video transfor$er d. the yo9e
ANS:
!&. o$"ared to a $onochro$e *T( the accelerating voltage on a color *T is:
a. abo't the sa$e c. $'ch lower
b.$'ch higher d. color *Ts 'se $agnetic acceleration
ANS: B
!). %eflection in *Ts 'sed in TB receivers is done:
a.$agnetically for both vertical and horizontal
b.electrostatically for both vertical and horizontal
c.electrostatically for vertical and $agnetically for horizontal
d. $agnetically for vertical and electrostatically for horizontal
ANS: A
!-. A4; stands for:
a.allowed f'll "ict're chro$a c. a'to$atic fre+'ency and "ict're control
b.a'to$atic fre+'ency and "hase control d. none of the above
ANS: B
COMPLETION
1. is a cond'ctive coating on both the inside and o'tside of the *T in a TB.
ANS: A+'adag
!. The standard for TB has been in 'se since 13)#.
ANS: NTS
#. Bideo syste$s for$ "ict'res by a "rocess.
ANS: scanning
&. %'ring the horizontal blan9ing interval( the electron bea$ fro$ right to left.
ANS: retraces
). The NTS s"ecifies a video signal.
ANS: co$"osite
-. The ratio of a *T screen is the ratio of width to height.
ANS: as"ect
/. Brightness infor$ation is called.
ANS:
l'$a
l'$inance
2. olor infor$ation is called .
ANS:
chro$a
chro$inance
3. The blan9ing "eriod before the sync "'lse is called the front .
ANS: "orch
15. Jdd and even fields are identified by the of the vertical sync "'lse.
ANS: "osition
11. Gach horizontal scan line ta9es $icroseconds( not incl'ding blan9ing.
ANS: -!.)
1!. Horizontal blan9ing lasts $icroseconds.
ANS: 15
1#. Bertical blan9ing lasts abo't $illiseconds.
ANS: 1.#
1&. ;ict're ele$ents are called .
ANS: "ixels
1). The $axi$'$ n'$ber of scan lines 'nder NTS is .
ANS: )!)
1-. The h'$an eye is $ost sensitive to the color .
ANS: green
1/. The color s'b.carrier fre+'ency is a""roxi$ately MHz.
ANS: #.)2
12. SA; stands for a'dio "rogra$.
ANS: se"arate
13. The second anode of a *T is often called the .
ANS: 'ltor
!5. The accelerating voltage for a color *T is abo't 9B.
ANS: !5 to #5
!1. The inside of a *T@s face."late is coated with to generate the "ict're.
ANS: "hos"hor
!!. The horizontal o't"'t transfor$er is called the transfor$er.
ANS: flybac9
!#. A good way to se"arate l'$a fro$ chro$a is to 'se a filter.
ANS: co$b
!&. The col or t'rns off the color circ'itry when a color TB is receiving a
$onochro$e signal.
ANS: 9iller
!). Signal levels in cable TB syste$s are 's'ally $eas'red in .
ANS: dB$B
!-. The antenna for a ATB syste$ is located at the end.
ANS: head
!/. A shows a color.bar signal with "redeter$ined levels and "hases.
ANS: vectorsco"e
!2. olor intensity is called .
ANS: sat'ration
!3. The of the chro$a signal re"resents the color h'e.
ANS: "hase
#5. The controls in a color TB ad?'st the electron bea$s to stri9e the correct color
"hos"hor dots.
ANS: "'rity
#1. The controls in a color TB ad?'st the electron bea$s to stri9e the correct triad of
"hos"hor dots.
ANS: convergence
Chapter "1: Sate''ite Communications
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The height of the geosynchrono's orbit above the e+'ator is abo't:
a.#()/2 9$ c. #)/(255 9$
b.#)(/25 9$ d. de"ends on satellite velocity
ANS: B
!. The high and low "oints of a satellite@s orbit are called( res"ectively(:
a.a"ogee and "erigee c. '"lin9 and downlin9
b."erigee and a"ogee d. downlin9 and '"lin9
ANS: A
#. The area on the earth that is 6covered6 by a satellite is called its:
a. eart h st at i on c. foot"rint
b.downlin9 d. "late
ANS:
&. The velocity re+'ired to stay in orbit:
a. i s const ant
b. i s zero 7freefall 8
c.is lower close to the earth than far fro$ the earth
d.is higher close to the earth than far fro$ the earth
ANS: %
). An antenna is ai$ed by ad?'sting the two 6loo9 angles6 called:
a.azi$'th and elevationc. declination and elevation
b.azi$'th and declination d. a"ogee and "erigee
ANS: A
-. The "ower "er trans"onder of a ty"ical F'.band satellite is in the range:
a. ) to !) wat t s c. )55 to !)55 watts
b. )5 to !)5 watts d. de"ends on its orbit
ANS: B
/. The "ower level for an earth station to trans$it to a satellite is on the order of:
a.15
1
watts c. 15
#
watts
b.15
!
watts d. 15
&
watts
ANS:
2. The 6"ayload6 on a co$$'nications satellite consists of:
a. t rans"onders c. solar cells
b.batteries d. all of the above
ANS: A
3. 6Station.9ee"ing6 refers to:
a.antenna $aintenance c. orbital ad?'st$ents
b."ower.level ad?'st$ents d. none of the above
ANS:
15. %BS stands for:
a.decibels of signal c. direct.broadcast syste$
b.down.bea$ signal d. direct.broadcast satellite
ANS: %
11. ANA stands for:
a.low.noise a$"lifier c. low.noise a$"lit'de
b. low north angle d. low.noise array
ANS: A
1!. A red'ction in T0T "ower for linearity is called:
a.bac9down c. "ower.down
b.bac9off d. G1*; dro"
ANS: B
1#. TB*J stands for:
a.television receive only c. television re$ote origin
b.television re"eater only d. none of the above
ANS: A
1&. T%MA stands for:
a.trans"onder.directed $'lti"le antennas c. ti$e.division $'lti"le access
b.television distrib'tion $aster antenna d. trans$it delay $ini$'$ a"ert're
ANS:
1). BSAT stands for:
a. video satellite c. very s$all antenna ter$inal
b.video signal antenna ter$inal d. very s$all a"ert're ter$inal
ANS: %
1-. Jn the '"lin9 fro$ a ter$inal( a BSAT syste$ 'ses:
a.high "ower to a s$all antenna c. low "ower to a large antenna
b.low "ower to a s$all antenna d. AGJ satellites
ANS: B
1/. A ty"ical BSAT syste$ is config'red as a:
a. st ar c. ri ng
b.$esh d. re"eater
ANS: A
12. AGJ stands for:
a.long elli"tic orbit c. lateral earth orbit
b. low.earth orbit d. longit'dinal earth orbit
ANS: B
13. 4or real.ti$e co$$'nication( AGJ syste$s re+'ire:
a.a constellation of satellites c. very high "ower
b.trac9ing dish antennasd. all of the above
ANS: A
!5. The fre+'ency bands 'sed by F'.band satellites are:
a. & LHz and - LHz c. !5 LHz and #5 LHz
b.1! LHz and 1& LHz d. none of the above
ANS: B
COMPLETION
1. A satellite in geosynchrono's orbit ta9es ho'rs to co$"lete one orbit.
ANS: !&
!. The is the signal "ath fro$ the earth station to the satellite.
ANS: '"lin9
#. The is the signal "ath fro$ the satellite to the earth station.
ANS: downlin9
&. A satellite in a orbit a""ears to stay directly above one s"ot on the e+'ator.
ANS: geostationary
). Non.geostationary satellites are so$eti$es called satellites.
ANS: orbital
-. A geosynchrono's orbit is abo't 9$ above the earth.
ANS: #)(/25
/. A is an o'tline of the area on the earth@s s'rface that a satellite broadcasts to.
ANS: foot"rint
2. All satellite orbits are in sha"e.
ANS: elli"tical
3. The is the distance of a satellite@s closest a""roach to the earth.
ANS: "erigee
15. The is a satellite@s farthest distance fro$ the earth.
ANS: a"ogee
11. An antenna@ s is its ang'lar direction between east and west.
ANS: azi$'th
1!. An antenna@ s is its vertical angle with res"ect to the earth@s s'rface.
ANS: elevation
1#. An antenna@ s is the angle by which it is offset fro$ the earth@s axis.
ANS: declination
1&. Satellites 'sing the band o"erate on 1! LHz.
ANS: F'
1). The ti$e for a signal to $a9e a ro'nd tri" via satellite is abo't $illiseconds.
ANS: )55
1-. A is a ty"e of re"eater 'sed on co$$'nications satellites.
ANS: trans"onder
1/. Both the gain and the bea$width of a dish antenna de"end on its .
ANS: dia$eter
12. BSAT syste$s co$$only 'se a networ9 config'ration.
ANS: star
13. To date( AGJ satellite syste$s have been a financial .
ANS: fail're
!5. .band ant ennas are than F'.band antennas.
ANS: larger
SHORT NS!ER
1. A receiving antenna with a gain of &&.& dBi loo9s at a s9y with a noise te$"erat're of 1) F. The loss
between the o't"'t of the antenna and the in"'t of the ANA is 5.& dB( and the ANA has a noise
te$"erat're of &5 F. alc'late the L:T.
ANS:
!) dB
!. A receiver has a noise fig're of 1./ dB. 4ind its e+'ivalent noise te$"erat're.
ANS:
1#3 F.
#. A receiving antenna with a L:T of !) dB is 'sed to receive signals fro$ a satellite #2(555 9$ away. The
satellite has a 155.watt trans$itter and an antenna with a gain of #5 dBi. The signal has a bandwidth of 1
MHz at a fre+'ency of 1! LHz. alc'late the :N at the receiver.
ANS:
#2 dB
Chapter "1: Ce''u'ar Radio
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. AM;S stand for:
a.A$erican Mobile ;hone Syste$ c. Advanced Mobile ;hone Syste$
b.Analog Mobile ;hone Service d. Advanced Mobile ;hone Service
ANS: %
!. ;S stands for:
a.;ersonal o$$'nications Service c. ;ersonal ell "hone Service
b.;ersonal o$$'nications Syste$s d. ;ortable o$$'nications Syste$s
ANS: B
#. * stands for:
a.*adio o$$on arrier c. *egional ell'lar arrier
b.*adio ell'lar arrierd. none of the above
ANS: A
&. MS stands for:
a.Mobile Switching enter c. Maxi$'$ Signal arrier
b.Mobile Service ell'lar d. Mini$'$ Signal arrier
ANS: A
). MTSJ stands for:
a.Mini$'$ Trans$itted Signal J't"'t c. Mobile Tele"hone Switching Jffice
b.Maxi$'$ Trans$itted Signal J't"'t d. Mobile Trans$ission Ti$e.J't
ANS:
-. M1N stands for:
a.Man'al 1dentification N'$ber c. Maxi$'$ 1n.band Noise
b.Mobile 1dentification N'$ber d. Mini$'$ 1n.band Noise
ANS: B
/. NAM stands for:
a.N'$erical Access Mode c. N'$ber Access Mod'le
b.N'$erical Assign$ent Mode d. N'$ber Assign$ent Mod'le
ANS: %
2. GSN stands for:
a.Glectronic Serial N'$ber c. G$ission Strength N'$ber
b.G$itted Signal N'$ber d. none of the above
ANS: A
3. SM stands for:
a.Service lass Mar9 c. Signal lass Mar9
b.Station lass Mar9 d. Serial.ode Mode
ANS: B
15. SM identifies the:
a.code n'$ber of a cell "hone c. signal classification 7analog or digital8
b.base.station class d. $axi$'$ "ower level of a cell "hone
ANS: %
11. S1% stands for:
a.Se+'ential 1nterr'"t %e$and c. Syste$ 1dentification N'$ber
b.Standard 1dentification N'$ber d. Signal 1ntensity %escri"tor
ANS:
1!. The S1% is 'sed by a cell "hone to:
a.identify the ty"e of syste$ 7analog or digital8
b.recognize an AM;S syste$
c.set its trans$itted "ower level
d.recognize that it is 6roa$ing6
ANS: %
1#. % stands for:
a.%igital olor ode c. %igital o$$'nications arrier
b.%igital o$$'nications ode d. %irect hannel ode
ANS: A
1&. SAT stands for:
a.Station Antenna Tower c. S'"ervisory Access Tone
b.S'"ervisory A'dio Tone d. none of the above
ANS: B
1). MA stands for:
a.ontrol Mobile Atten'ation ode c. entral Mobile Access ontrol
b.ontrol Mobile Access ode d. arrier Mode Atten'ation ontrol
ANS: A
1-. The MA is 'sed to:
a.control access to the cell site
b.set the access code of the cell "hone
c.set the trans$it "ower of the cell "hone
d.select the trans$it channel for the cell "hone
ANS:
COMPLETION
1/. 1n an AM;S syste$( voice is sent 'sing:
a. AM c. 4SF
b. 4M d. %MA
ANS: B
12. 1n an AM;S syste$( control.channel signals are sent 'sing:
a.AM c. 4SF
b.4M d. %MA
ANS:
13. The G*; of a ty"ical handheld AM;S cell "hone is:
a.less than -55 E 0. c. between 1 and ! watts
b.less than -55 $0. d. & watts
ANS: B
!5. BS stands for:
a.Base Station ontroller c. Basic Service ontract
b.Base Signal ontroller d. Basic Service ode
ANS: A
!1. The co$bination of the $obile cell "hone and the cell site radio e+'i"$ent is called the:
a.BS c. *4 interface
b.MTSJ d. air interface
ANS: %
!!. The o"ti$'$ cell.site radi's is:
a. ! 9$ c. as s$all as "ossible
b.5.) 9$ d. none of the above
ANS: %
!#. ;hone traffic is $eas'red in:
a. cal l s c. n'$ber of 'sers
b.erlangs d. n'$ber of bloc9ed calls
ANS: B
!&. Jne way to increase the ca"acity of a cell "hone syste$ is:
a.increase the n'$ber of cells c. increase the G*;
b.decrease the n'$ber of cells d. decrease the G*;
ANS: A
!). %;% stands for:
a.ode.%ivision ;ac9et %ata c. oded %igital ;ac9et %ata
b.ell'lar %igital ;ac9et %ata d. ell'lar %igital ;'lse %ata
ANS: B
COMPLETION
1. AM;S 'ses the .MHz band.
ANS: 255
!. is still the $ost co$$on cell'lar "hone syste$ in North A$erica.
ANS: AM;S
#. 4re+'ency is what $a9es cell'lar "hone syste$s co$"lex.
ANS: re'se
&. A occ'rs when an in.'se cell."hone $oves fro$ one cell site to another.
ANS: handoff
). 1f a cell.site radi's dro"s below 9$( handoffs will occ'r too fre+'ently.
ANS: 5.)
-. The n'$ber of G*; classes in AM;S is .
ANS: three
/. A cell "hone "er$anently installed in a car wo'ld be G*; class .
ANS:
1
one
2. The $axi$'$ G*; of class 111 cell "hones is .
ANS: -55 $0
3. A "ortable( handheld cell "hone wo'ld be G*; class .
ANS:
111
three
15. Mobile trans$itter "ower is controlled by the .
ANS: land station
11. A MA is a $obi l e code.
ANS: atten'ation
1!. 4or sec'rity( yo' sho'ld always ass'$e that AM;S trans$issions are .
ANS: "'blic
1#. A $obile switching center is also called an .
ANS: MTSJ
1&. The o"ti$'$ size of a cell site de"ends on the a$o'nt of .
ANS: traffic
1). Tele"hone call traffic is $eas'red in .
ANS: erlangs
1-. A cell "hone $oving into a site with no available fre+'encies will have a call.
ANS: dro""ed
1/. The red'ction in cell size to increase traffic is called cell .
ANS: s"litting
12. A site is a very s$all 'nit that can $o'nt on a streetlight "ole.
ANS: $icrocell
13. Bery s$all cells called are 'sed for reliable indoor rece"tion.
ANS: "icocells
!5. o$"ared with AM;S( digital cell'lar "hones re+'ire bandwidth.
ANS: less
SHORT NS!ER
1. Live two reasons why digital cell "hone syste$s are $ore sec're than analog cell "hone syste$s.
ANS:
1.%igital is inherently $ore sec're beca'se of its for$at.
!.%igitized voice signals are easily encry"ted.
!. 1f a !2.2.9b"s $ode$ is being 'sed over a cell "hone( how $any words of text wo'ld be lost d'ring a
155.$sec handoff interr'"tion ass'$ing 15 bits "er letter and ) letters "er wordD
ANS:
)/.-
ANS:
#5
&. 0hat is 6tr'n9ing gain6D
ANS:
4or a given "robability of being bloc9ed( the $axi$'$ allowable traffic "er channel increases as the
n'$ber of channels increases.
Chapter "": Persona' Communications Systems
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. 'rrent ;S syste$s are referred to as:
a. first.generation c. third.generation
b.second.generation d. digital.generation
ANS: B
!. The fre+'ency band designated for ;S in North A$erica is:
a.255 MHz c. 1.3 LHz
b.355 MHz d. 1! LHz
ANS:
#. The 6forward6 ;S channel is:
a.fro$ the base to the $obile c. fro$ $obile to $obile
b.fro$ the $obile to the base d. sa$e as the '"lin9
ANS: A
&. o$"ared to AM;S( ;S cell sites are:
a. bi gger c. distrib'ted
b. s$aller d. higher."ower
ANS: B
). AM;S was designed for:
a.;JTS c. 'se b'ilt into an a'to$obile
b. voice d. all of the above
ANS: %
-. The n'$ber of co$"eting ;S syste$s in North A$erica is:
a.! c. &
b.# d. $any
ANS: B
/. %MA technology was invented by:
a.ATWT c. Bell Aabs
b.A'cent d. H'alco$$
ANS: %
2. LSM is 'sed in:
a. Asi a c. North A$erica
b.G'ro"e d. all of the above
ANS: %
3. 1n LSM( voice channels are called:
a. traffic channels c. bearer channels
b. voice channelsd. tal9ing channels
ANS: A
15. AM;S 'ses:
a.%MA c. s"read.s"ectr'$
b.T%MA d. none of the above
ANS: %
11. Jther things being e+'al( battery life in a LSM "hone sho'ld be:
a.less than in a T%MA "hone c. greater than in a T%MA "hone
b.no better than in an AM;S "hone d. no better than a T%MA "hone
ANS:
1!. 1t is necessary to send control infor$ation on traffic channels in:
a. no ;S syst e$ c. T%MA only
b.LSM only d. both LSM and T%MA
ANS: %
1#. LSM 'ses:
a.fre+'ency ho""ing c. %MA
b.direct.se+'ence $od'lation d. all of the above
ANS: A
1&. 1n LSM( S1M stands for:
a.Short 1nbo'nd Message c. S'bscriber 1% Mod'le
b.S'bscriber.1nitiated Message d. S'bscriber 1% Method
ANS:
1). 1MS1 stands for:
a.1ntegrated Mobile S'bscriber 1dentification
b.1nternational Mobile S'bscriber 1dentification
c.1nteri$ Mobile S'bscriber 1dentification
d.1nter$od'lation Syste$ 1nterference
ANS: B
1-. 1S.3) 'ses:
a.fre+'ency ho""ing c. %MA
b.T%MA d. all of the above
ANS:
1/. 1S.1#- 'ses:
a.fre+'ency ho""ing c. %MA
b.T%MA d. all of the above
ANS: B
12. 1n %MA:
a.all fre+'encies are 'sed in all cells
b.each cell 'ses half the available fre+'encies
c.each cell is assigned a fre+'ency by the base
d.the fre+'ency is selected by the $obile "hone
ANS: A
13. %MA 'ses a set of ;N se+'ences that are:
a.co$$on c. rotating
b.'ni+'e d. orthogonal
ANS: %
!5. The next generation of ;S is ex"ected to have:
a.faster data rates c. wider roa$ing area
b. 1nternet access d. all of the above
ANS: %
COMPLETION
1. ;S stands for o$$'nications Syste$.
ANS: ;ersonal
!. 'rrent ;S syste$s are called .generation syste$s.
ANS: second
#. 1n North A$erica( ;S is assigned the .MHz band.
ANS: 1355
&. o$"ared to AM;S( ;S cells are in size.
ANS: s$aller
). Besides T%MA and %MA( is also 'sed in North A$erica for ;S.
ANS: LSM
-. The s"read.s"ectr'$ techni+'e 'sed in 1S.3) ;S is .
ANS:
%MA
direct se+'ence
/. The s"read.s"ectr'$ techni+'e 'sed in LSM is .
ANS: fre+'ency ho""ing
2. Cnli9e AM;S( %MA allows for a handoff.
ANS: soft
3. The orthogonal ;N se+'ences 'sed in %MA are called a code.
ANS: 0alsh
15. Cnli9e other syste$s( in %MA fre+'encies are 'sed in all cells.
ANS: al l
11. ;N stands for ;se'do. Noise.
ANS: rando$
1!. diversity is inherent in any s"read.s"ectr'$ syste$.
ANS: 4re+'ency
1#. *4 channel S:N ratios than zero are ty"ical in %MA syste$s.
ANS: less
1&. %MA 'ses a .rate vocoder.
ANS: variable
1). A "hone 'ser ty"ically tal9s less than N of the ti$e d'ring a conversation.
ANS: )5
1-. %MA re+'ires.loo" "ower control to wor9 "ro"erly.
ANS: closed
1/. L;*S stands for Leneral *adio Service.
ANS: ;ac9et
12. 1MT stands for 1nternational Teleco$$'nications.
ANS: Mobile
13. C;T stands for ;ersonal Teleco$$'nications.
ANS: Cniversal
!5. C0T stands for Cniversal Teleco$$'nications.
ANS: 0ireless
!1. 0.%MA st ands for %MA.
ANS: 0ideband
SHORT NS!ER
1.0hat is the advantage of a 6soft6 handoffD
ANS:
No calls are dro""ed.
!.1f %MA receivers hear all fre+'encies all the ti$e( how do they "ic9 a s"ecific fre+'encyD
ANS:
Gach fre+'ency is $od'lated 'sing a se"arate orthogonal ;N se+'ence. To de$od'late( the receiver 'ses
the ;N se+'ence s"ecific to the channel it wants.
#.0hat is the effect of cochannel interference in %MAD
ANS:
1t increases the bac9gro'nd noise level( b't %MA can tolerate a lot of s'ch noise.
&.How does LSM achieve fre+'ency diversityD
ANS:
1t 'ses li$ited fre+'ency ho""ing.
).0hy was ;S assigned to 1.3 LHz instead of the 255.MHz band 'sed for AM;SD
ANS:
The 255 MHz band was already overcrowded.
-.0hy wo'ld a battery in a LSM "hone be ex"ected to last longer than a battery in a T%MA "honeD
ANS:
A T%MA "hone is active d'ring one o't of every three ti$e slots. A LSM "hone is active d'ring one o't
of every eight.
/.0hat is the advantage of 'sing offset H;SF over standard H;SFD
ANS:
0ith standard H;SF( the trans$itted "ower re"eatedly goes to zero. 0ith offset H;SF( it never goes to
zero. Ainearity re+'ire$ents are less strict for offset H;SF trans$itters.
2.0hat is the 6near:far6 effect in %MA( and what ca'ses itD
ANS:
A stronger station farther away can 6drown o't6 a wea9er station that is near. This ha""ens when the
"ower trans$itted by $obile 'nits is not well controlled by the base.
Chapter "&: Pa)in) and !ire'ess .ata Net2or3in)
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ;agers 'se:
a. t he BH4 band onl y
b. t he CH4 band onl y
c.both the BH4 and CH4 bands
d.the BH4 band( the CH4 band( and the 1SM band
ANS:
!. 1SM stands for:
a.1GGG Standard Message c. 1nd'strial( Scientific( and Messaging
b.1GGG Sec're Messaged. 1nd'strial( Scientific( and Medical
ANS: %
#. A;J%G is:
a.an encry"tion sche$e 'sed for "agers
b.an addressing sche$e 'sed for "agers
c.an error.detection sche$e 'sed for "agers
d.a digital $od'lation sche$e 'sed for "agers
ANS: B
&. 1n a one.way "ager syste$:
a.all "ages are sent fro$ all trans$itters
b.each trans$itting antenna covers a wide area
c.trans$itters 'se relatively high "ower
d. al l of t he above
ANS: %
). ;JSAL stands for:
a.;ager J"erations o$$on Standards Advisory Lro'"
b.;ager J"erations ode Standardization Advisory Lro'"
c.;ost Jffice ode Standardization Advisory Lro'"
d.;ost Jffice o$$on Standards Advisory Lro'"
ANS:
-. A ty"ical "ager syste$ does not:
a.re+'ire 6handoffs6 c. re+'ire error detection
b.allow 6roa$ing6 d. all of the above
ANS: A
/. The 1GGG s"ecification covering wireless AANs is:
a. 25!.15 c. 25!. 1!
b. 25!.11 d. 25!.1#
ANS: B
2. The 1GGG 25! s"ec for wireless AANs 'ses the:
a.BH4 band c. 1SM band
b.CH4 band d. infrared band
ANS:
3. The 1GGG 25! doc'$ent for wireless AANs s"ecifies the 'se of:
a.SMA:A c. %MA
b.SMA:% d. all of the above
ANS: A
15. BSS stands for:
a. Basic Service Set c. Bl'etooth Service Syste$
b.Basic Service Syste$ d. none of the above
ANS: A
11. Bl'etooth 'ses:
a.%MA c. H;SF
b.fre+'ency ho""ing d. all of the above
ANS: B
1!. Bl'etooth 'ses the:
a.BH4 band c. 1SM band
b.CH4 band d. infrared band
ANS:
1#. T%% stands for:
a.Ti$e.%ivision %'"lex c. Ti$e %elay %ifference
b.Ti$e.%elayed %'"lex d. Total %istance %elay
ANS: A
1&. A Bl'etooth 6"iconet6 has:
a. ! nodes c. ! to 2 nodes
b. ! t o & nodes d. ! to 1- nodes
ANS:
1). Two or $ore connected "iconets for$s a:
a. $icronet c. T%% net
b.$'ltinet d. scatternet
ANS: %
1-. The basic range of a Bl'etooth device is:
a. 15 c$ to 1 $eter c. 15 c$ to 155 $eters
b. 15 c$ to 15 $eters d. within 15 feet
ANS: B
1/. 1*%A stands for:
a.1nfrared %ata Association c. 1nfrared *estricted %ata Area
b.1nfrared %igital Association d. 1nfrared *oa$ing %ata Area
ANS: A
12. The range of an 1*%A syste$ is:
a. 1 $eter c. 1 foot
b.15 $eters d. 15 feet
ANS: A
13. 1nfrared networ9s:
a.cannot "enetrate walls c. can 'se reflected infrared bea$s
b.can 'se diff'sed infrared bea$s d. all of the above
ANS: %
!5. The $axi$'$ range of a ty"ical wireless $ode$ is:
a. 1 $eter c. several h'ndred $eters
b. several $eters d. several tho'sand $eters.
ANS: %
COMPLETION
1.Gach "ager has a 'ni+'e address called a .
ANS: ca"code
!.Many "agers can share a fre+'ency 'sing .
ANS: T%MA
#.The ;JSAL was devised by the British Jffice.
ANS: ;ost
&.A ;JSAL $essage 'ses a .bit error correction code.
ANS: 15
).1GGG covers wireless AANs.
ANS: 25!.11
-.The 1GGG doc'$ent s"ecifies a $axi$'$ "ower of for wireless AANs.
ANS: 1 watt
/. Bl'etooth 'ses the band.
ANS: 1SM
2. A networ9 of ! to 2 Bl'etooth devices is called a .
ANS: "iconet
3. A Bl'etooth scatternet consists of ! or $ore .
ANS: "iconets
15. An 1*%A syste$ is deliberately restricted to a range of .
ANS: 1 $eter
Chapter "(: $i5er Optics
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. o$"ared to the core( the index of refraction of the cladding $'st be:
a.the sa$e c. l ess
b. greater d. doesn@t have an index of refraction
ANS:
!. 4iber.o"tic cables do not:
a. carry c'rrent c. generate GM1
b. ca'se crosstal9 d. all of the above
ANS: %
#. Single.$ode fiber is $ade fro$:
a. gl ass c. both a and b
b."lastic d. none of the above
ANS: A
&. 4iber.o"tic cable cannot be 'sed:
a.in an ex"losive environ$ent
b.to connect a trans$itter to an antenna
c.to isolate a $edical "atient fro$ a shoc9 hazard
d. none of t he above
ANS: B
). A single.$ode cable does not s'ffer fro$:
a. $odal dis"ersion c. waveg'ide dis"ersion
b.chro$atic dis"ersion d. all of the above
ANS: A
-. Scattering ca'ses:
a. l oss c. intersy$bol interference
b.dis"ersion d. all of the above
ANS: A
/. The loss in single.$ode fiber.o"tic cable d'e to the glass is abo't:
a.&5 dB "er 9$ c. 5.& dB "er 9$
b.& db "er 9$ d. zero loss
ANS:
2. The loss in single.$ode fiber.o"tic cable d'e to a s"lice is abo't:
a. 5.5! dB c. 1 dB
b. 5.! db d. # dB
ANS: A
3. The loss in single.$ode fiber.o"tic cable d'e to a connector is abo't:
a.5.5! dB c. 1 dB
b.5.! db d. # dB
ANS: B
15. 0hich of the following is a ty"e of fiber connector:
a.ST c. SMA
b.S d. all of the above
ANS: %
11. The +'ant'$ of light is called:
a. an erg c. a "hoton
b. an e.v d. a "honon
ANS:
1!. AASG* stands for:
a.Aight A$"lification by Si$'lated G$ission of *adiation
b.Aight A$"lification by Sti$'lated G$ission of *adiation
c.Aight A$"lification by Si$'lated G$itted *ays
d.Aight A$"lification by Sti$'lated G$itted *ays
ANS: B
1#. A;% stands for:
a.Avalanche ;hotodiode c. Avalanche ;hoto %etector
b.Advanced ;hotodiode d. Advanced ;hoto %etector
ANS: A
1&. 1n a ;1N diode( lea9age c'rrent in the absence of light is called:
a. baseline c'rrent c. dar9 c'rrent
b.zero."oint c'rrent d. G.H c'rrent
ANS:
1). 4or a light detector( res"onsivity is $eas'red in:
a . a$"s "er wat t c. $A "er ?o'le
5.E0 "er a$" d. E sec "er E 0
ANS: A
COMPLETION
1. 1n the core( the angle of incidence e+'als the angle ofVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV.
ANS: reflection
!. The core is s'rro'nded by the .
ANS: cladding
#. The angle is where refraction changes to reflection.
ANS: critical
&. An electron.volt is a $eas're of.
ANS: energy
). The n'$erical a"ert're is the of the angle of acce"tance.
ANS: sine
-. J"tical fiber relies on total reflection.
ANS: internal
/. hro$atic dis"ersion is also called dis"ersion.
ANS: intra$odal
2. 0ith o"tical fiber( light is $ore co$$on than visible light.
ANS: infrared
3. 1n $'lti$ode fiber( index has less dis"ersion than ste" index.
ANS: graded
15. 4or laser diodes( the ter$ is 'sed instead of bandwidth.
ANS: linewidth
11. %is"ersion can be ex"ressed in 'nits ofrather than bandwidth.
ANS: ti$e
1!. interference is when one "'lse $erges with the next "'lse.
ANS: 1ntersy$bol
1#. The o"tical fiber is free to $ove aro'nd in a cable.
ANS: loose.t'be
1&. The o"tical fiber is not free to $ove aro'nd in acable.
ANS: tight.b'ffer
1). A is a short length of fiber that carries the light away fro$ the so'rce.
ANS: "igtail
1-. Lood connections are $ore critical with .$ode fiber.
ANS: single
1/. A diode is the 's'al light so'rce for single.$ode cable.
ANS: laser
12. The +'ant'$ of light is called the .
ANS: "hoton
13. A diode is the 's'al light detector for single.$ode cable.
ANS: ;1N
!5. 4or safety( yo' sho'ld never at the end of an o"tical fiber 'nless yo' 9now it is
not connected to a light so'rce.
ANS: loo9
Chapter "*: $i5er#Optic Systems
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. 4%%1 stands for:
a.4iber %igital %ata 1nterface c. 4iber %istrib'tion %elay 1nterface
b.4iber %istrib'ted %ata 1nterface d. 4re+'ency.%ivision %ata 1nterface
ANS: B
!. 41TA stands for:
a.4iber 1n The Aoo" c. 4re+'ency 1n"'t to The Aoo"
b.4iber 1n"'t Ti$ing Aoss d. 4iber 1n"'t Ti$ing Aoo"
ANS: A
#. 4TT stands for:
a.4iber Trans$ission Ti$ing onstraint
b.4iber Trans$ission Technology o$$ittee
c.4iber Tele"hone Trans$ission able
d. 4i ber To The 'rb
ANS: %
&. SJNGT stands for:
a.Si$"le J"tical Networ9 c. Synchrono's J"tical Networ9
b.Standard J"tical Networ9 d. none of the above
ANS:
). %0%M stands for:
a.%igital 0avelength.%ivision Mod'lation
b.%ense 0avelength.%ivision Mod'lation
c.%o'ble 0avelength.%ivision Mod'lation
d.%ense 0avelength.%ivision M'lti"lexing
ANS: %
-. A Soliton is a:
a.defect in the glass c. ty"e of "'lse
b.ty"e of "article d. ty"e of o"tical networ9
ANS:
/. Adding bits to synchronize one digital signal to another is called:
a. bi t st 'ffi ng c. S%H
b.bit.synch d. 0%M
ANS: A
2. ;ower above the $ini$'$ re+'ired by an o"tical receiver is called:
%. "63 stands for "iber n 6he .
a. gain $argin c. excess gain
b. syste$ $argin d. overdrive
ANS: B
3. Ty"ically( re"eaters are not re+'ired for fiber.o"tic cable lengths '" to:
a.1555 $iles c. 155 9$
b.155 $iles d. 15 9$
ANS:
15. 1n SJNGT( J.1 stands for:
a.J"tical arrier level one c. J"tical hannel one
b.J"tical o'"ler 'nidirectional d. J"tical able ty"e 1
ANS: A
11. 1n SJNGT( STS stands for:
a.Synchrono's Trans"ort Signal c. Synchrono's Trans$ission Signal
b.Synchrono's Trans"ort Syste$ d. Synchrono's Trans$ission Syste$
ANS: A
1!. A co$$only 'sed fiber.based syste$ for AANs is:
a.4%%1 c. gigabit Gthernet
b.high.s"eed Gthernet d. all of the above
ANS: %
1#. The 'se of solitons on fiber.o"tic cables is:
a.co$$on c. obsolete
b. ex"eri $ent al d. not "ossible
ANS: B
1&. JT%* stands for:
a.J"tical Ti$e.%elay *es"onse c. J"tical Ti$e.%o$ain *eflecto$eter
b.J"tical Ti$ing %elay *e+'ire$ent d. J"tical Ti$e.%ivision *elay
ANS:
1). Csing fiber.o"tic cable in a tele"hone syste$ exce"t for the connection to the s'bscriber@s "hone is called:
a.4%%1 c. 41TA
b.4TT d. SJNGT
ANS: B
COMPLETION
1. 4TT stands for 4iber To The .
ANS: 'rb
%. "63 stands for "iber n 6he .
ANS: Aoo"
#. S%H stands for Synchrono's %ata .
ANS: Hierarchy
&. 0%M st ands for .division $'lti"lexing.
ANS: 0avelength
). SJNGT stands for J"tical Networ9.
ANS: Synchrono's
-. 4%%1 stands for 4iber %ata 1nterface.
ANS: %istrib'ted
/. J"tical a$"lifiers 'se .do"ed glass.
ANS: erbi'$
2. J"tical a$"lifiers 'se a laser.
ANS: "'$"
3. %ense allows $any different wavelengths of light to share a cable.
ANS: 0%M
15. The J.1 line rate is Mb"s.
ANS: )1.2&
11. SJNGT does not 'se bit to synchronize two digital signals.
ANS: st'ffing
1!. SJNGT 'ses a to denote the starting "osition of an infor$ation fra$e.
ANS: "ointer
1#. 4%%1 syste$s 'se two rings to carry signals.
ANS: to9en
1&. The two rings of an 4%%1 syste$ carry data in directions.
ANS: o""osite
1 ) . Ga c h in an 4%%1 syste$ acts as a regenerative re"eater.
ANS: node
1-. 4%%1 'ses $ode cables.
ANS:
$'lti
1/. The data rate of an 4%%1 syste$ isVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVb"s.
ANS: 155 M
12. SJNGT fra$es have considerably $ore than do %S fra$es for infor$ation
abo't signal ro'ting and set'".
ANS: overhead
13. The n'$ber of bytes in a SJNGT fra$e is .
ANS: 215
!5. The n'$ber of bytes in the "ayload of a SJNGT fra$e is .
ANS: //&
!1. The n'$ber of rows in a SJNGT fra$e is .
ANS: 3
!!. The total n'$ber of overhead bytes in a SJNGT fra$e row is .
ANS: &
!#. The n'$ber of "ath overhead bytes in a SJNGT fra$e row is .
ANS: 1
!&. SJNGT fra$e rows contain "ath overhead and overhead.
ANS: trans"ort
!). 1n SJNGT( S;G stands for synchrono's "ayload .
ANS: envelo"e
SHORT NS!ER
1. 0hat is the bandwidth of a first.order A;4 with a rise ti$e of #)5 nanosecondsD
ANS:
1 MHz
!. alc'late the total rise ti$e for a fiber.o"tic syste$ if the trans$itter( receiver( and cable each have a rise
ti$e of )5 nanoseconds.
ANS:
2-.- nanoseconds

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