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.
A
l
l

r
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r
e
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7
/
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7


Generator Circuit-
Breaker Systems
ABB Switzerland Ltd
High Voltage Products
PTHG-V / Marta Lacorte
Business Development LAM
High Current Systems

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2
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Layout without
Generator Circuit-Breaker
Layout with
Generator Circuit-Breaker
G
GCB
G
Generator Circuit-Breaker? What are we talking about?

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Simplified operation
Improved generator protection
Improved main and unit transformers protection
Increased power plant availability
Decreased costs (case dependent)
Advantages of Generator Circuit-Breakers

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Advantages of Generator Circuit-Breakers
GCB clear and logical plant arrangement
generator starting-up or shutting-down
only GCB operates
switching operations number reduction
power plant and the high-voltage grid operation
responsibilities clearly defined
Simplified Operation

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Advantages of Generator Circuit-Breakers
generator, main and unit transformers differential
protection zones maximum selectivity
Generator-fed short-circuit currents four cycles
interrupted
Generator, main and unit Transformers Improved
Protection

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Advantages of Generator Circuit-Breakers
simplified operation
clearly defined operational responsibilities
reduced operational errors
more reliable generator synchronisation
Increased Power Plant Availability

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Advantages of Generator Circuit-Breakers
rapid and selective clearing clearance of all types of
faults
avoid expensive secondary damage
avoid long down repair times
main or unit transformer tank bursting
generator damper winding thermal destruction
turbine-generator mechanical destruction
Increased Power Plant Availability

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Advantages of Generator Circuit-Breakers
associated items of switchgear integration into GCB enclosure
simpler and more economic power plant layouts
simpler and more economic erection and commissioning
elimination of station transformer and associated high-voltage and medium-
voltage switchgear
increased power plant average availability
0.30.5 %
increased operating hours
higher power plant operator profit
Decreased costs (case dependent)

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Requirements for Generator Circuit-Breakers
GCB requirements transmission and distribution CB
requirements
GCB high technical requirements
Rated current
Short-circuit currents (system-source and generator-
source)
Fault currents due to out-of-phase conditions
Fault currents asymmetry, delayed current zeros
Recovery Voltages rate-of-rise

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Generator circuit-breakers installed between generator and step-
up transformer are not within the scope of this standard
Standards IEC 62271-100 / 2001 (former IEC 56)

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Standards
IEEE C37-013
1. Scope
This standard applies to all ac high-
voltage generator circuit breakers rated
on a symmetrical current basis that are
installed between the generator and the
transformer terminals. Pumped storage
installations are considered a special
application, and their requirements are
not completely covered by this standard.
NOTE Since no other national or
international standard on generator
circuit breakers exists, this standard is
used worldwide.

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ABB Generator Circuit Breakers worldwide
DB 1954-1993
DR 1969-1998
HEK 1984-1999
HGI 1992-
HEC 3-6 1995-
HGC 1998-
HEC 7/8 2000-
HECS 2003- HECPS 3/5S 2005-
Our business card is nearly 5500
units installed and operating worldwide
Airblast GCB > 1900 units
SF
6
GCB > 3450 units

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ABB Switzerland Ltd, High Current Systems
Design and Manufacturing in
Zurich-Oerlikon, Switzerland
Approx. 100 Employees
Deliveries in 2006: 352 GCBs
Market share world-wide: >70%
January 2007: received orders for almost 3600
GCBs in SF
6
technology (since 1985)
Worldwide more than 3000 ABB GCBs (SF
6
) are
already in operation
>70%

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GCB PORTFOLIO 2006
6300A 8000A 10500A 13000A 18000A 23000A 24000A 28000A (57000A)
210kA
160kA
140kA
130kA
100kA
80kA
63kA
50kA
HGI 2
HGI 3
HECS-100 (HECPS-3S / HECS-100R)
HECS-130 (HECPS-5S / HECS-130R)
HEC 7S HEC 7 HEC 8
Rated Current [A]
Short Circuit Current [kA]
HECS- 80

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GCB type: HECS (SF
6
)
Development of Generator Circuit-Breaker

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6
-
10
7
7
Generator Circuit-Breaker System Type HECS
Generator Circuit-Breaker
Series Disconnector
Capacitors
Starting Disconnector for SFC
Manuell Short-Circuit Connection
Earthing Switches
Current Transformers
Potential Transformers
Surge Arrestor
Motorized Short-Circuit Connection
G
1
2
3
T
3
G
9
MO
6
G
6
T
5
4
8
8
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

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Generator Circuit-Breaker System Type HECS
View into one pole of Circuit-breaker type HECS-130L
Surge arrester
Current transformer
Voltage transformer
Series Disconnector
Interrupting chamber

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8
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Interruption Chamber and Disconnector
of the circuit-breaker type HECS-100L
Interrupting chamber
Series Disconnector
View through the inspection windows
of HECS to assure that the disconnect
switch is in the open position.

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Earthing Switch - HECS
Earthing switch
In CLOSED position
Semaphore and key
locking

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Hydro-Mechanical Spring Drive HMB 4.5
Schematic diagram of the hydraulic
spring operating mechanism
View of a hydraulic spring
operating mechanism

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Current Transformer / Voltage Transformer
Current transformer
According to
IEC 60044-1
or IEEE C57.13
Voltage transformer
According to
IEC 60044-2
or IEEE C57.13

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ABB GCB advantages
Dimensions GCB ABB smaller in width and smaller length
less transportation cots and more flexibility for installation
transport units GCB totally mounted in the factory, the three phases and the control
cubicle mounted in the structure. Shorter commissioning time, less
assembling on site, less assembling mistake,higher availability
mechanic-hydraulic drive thousands of units installed in the world, approved
equipment, without failures
maintenance 20 years or 20000 mechanical operations, until reach one of these limits only
supervision services are necessary, without take the GCB out of service
arc extinction method self blast extinction, assuring performance in the currents
interruption of high amplitude as well as of small current
type tests performed according to GCB standard IEEE C37.013 and in independent
laboratory KEMA
out-of-phase type test performed with 180of phases disagreement

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World
South America
0
19
8
0
0
0
43 10
18
50
148
1928
South America
GCB Type "D":
South America
GCB Type "D":
South America
DR 36 sc 1750 San Agaton 2
DR 36 t 0500
Planta Centro
Unidad 5
1
DR 36 t 0500
Planta Centro
Unidad 4
1
DR 36 t 0500
Planta Centro
Unidad 1 + 2
2
DR 36 t 0500
Planta Centro
Unidad 3
1
DRT24.125 Macagua 2 4
DRT24.125 Macagua 2 2
DRT24.125 Macagua 2 4
DRT24.125 Macagua 2 2

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GCB SF6 Type
"H":
South America
GCB SF6 Type
"H":
South America
World
South America
11
15
12
6
8
5
13 3
0
27
103
3203
HECS-100M Pedro Camejo 2
HEK 4 Macagua 2 5
HEK 4 Macagua 2 4
HEK 4 Macagua 2 4

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Replacement Northfield Mountain / USA
Northfield Mountain. - Before
Northfield Mountain - After

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Replacement Benmore HPP / New Zealand

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Retrofit TPP Berezovskaja / Belorussia Estonia

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8
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Retrofit TPP Berezovskaja / Belorussia Estonia

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9
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TPP Kuala Langat (250MW) / Malaysia

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3
0
-

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elimination of station transformer and high-voltage bay
Layout without
Generator Circuit-Breaker
Layout with
Generator Circuit-Breaker
G
GCB
G

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2
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- 1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 0 . 0 5 0 . 1 0 . 1 5 0 . 2
r e s i s t n c i a d o a r c o
Arc resistance
Arc resistance effect in GCB
T
a
= X
d
/{2(R
a
)}
T
a
= X
d
/{2(R
a
+ R
add
)}

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3
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Interruption of Generator-Fed Fault Currents
Without Generator Circuit-Breaker (Unit Connection)

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4
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Interruption of Generator-Fed Fault Currents
With Generator Circuit-Breaker

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Simplified Operational Procedures
Layout without generator
circuit-breaker
Unit start-up:
1) Run-up unit on station transformer (start-
up supply) and synchronise generator
with high-voltage grid by means of high-
voltage circuit-breaker
2) Parallel unit auxiliaries supplies
3) Separate unit auxiliaries from station
transformer (start-up supply)
Unit routine shut-down:
1) Parallel unit auxiliaries supplies
2) Separate unit auxiliaries from unit
transformer
3) Trip high-voltage circuit-breaker and shut-
down unit on station transformer
Unit emergency shut-down:
1) Trip high-voltage circuit-breaker, unit
auxiliaries are isolated
2) Automatic transfer of unit auxiliaries from
unit transformer to station transformer
(approx. 45 cycles)
3) Shut-down unit on station transformer
Layout with generator circuit-breaker
Unit start-up:
1) Run-up unit on unit transformer and
synchronise generator with high-voltage
grid by means of generator circuit-
breaker
Unit routine shut-down:
1) Trip generator circuit-breaker and shut-
down unit on unit transformer
Unit emergency shut-down:
1) Trip generator circuit-breaker and shut-
down unit on unit transformer

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6
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Equipment Failures
Main Transformer Failures
Sequence of events:
t = 0 ms: earth fault at
HV-side of transformer
t = 45 ms: 2-phase
short-circuit
t = 95 ms: 3-phase
short-circuit
t 150 ms: explosion
of transformer

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7
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Equipment Failures
Short-Time Unbalanced Load Conditions

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system-source short-circuit
asymmetry 74%
voltage rate of rise TRV 6 kV/ms
generator-source short-circuit currents
asymmetry 130%
voltage rate of rise TRT 2.2 kV/ms
Short Circuit Characteristic
G
G