Presentation 11.

1


Online Bushing monitoring of 500/150 kV Inter Bus Transformer on
Cawang EHV Substation
by :
Imam Makhfud Eprido Meiladi
Transmission System - PLN P3B Java Bali

I. Abstract
Power transformer is a heart of power system. Reliability of power transformer is the most
important thing in transmission system. P3B of Java Bali as a Unit of PLN that operates and
maintenance the Java Bali transmission system is responsible for reliability of power system
in Java Bali.
There are 49 units of 500/150 kV inter bus transformer (IBT) which connected 500 kV
system and 150 kV system in Java Bali Power system. In 2008 until 2012, there are 18 units
of IBT that is breakdown and 11 of them or 61% are caused by bushing breakdown.
Therefore, breakdown of bushing is the most significant factor that caused breakdown of
500/150 kV inter bus transformer in Java Bali Power system during 2008 until 2012. For
information, bushing on 500/150 kV inter bus transformer of Java Bali power system uses
OIP (oil impregnated paper) type bushing.
Based on that, P3B Java Bali installed online bushing monitoring on 500/150 kV inter bus
transformer to monitor the bushing condition periodically. This paper will present our
experience about monitoring the bushing condition based on online bushing monitoring
that was installed on IBT #1 of Cawang Extra High Voltage substation. The online bushing
monitoring measured dielectric current (leakage current) of all three phases bushing and all
three dielectric current add together as a vector to get the imbalance current. The
imbalance current are monitored every three hours (depend on setting) and we compare
the value with the standard value as a warning value for bushing failure.
Key words : online bushing monitoring, imbalance current, condition of bushing

II. Bushing of 500/150 kV inter bus transformer
Bushing is a sub-equipment of power transformer that connected to the grid directly.
Bushing is like a bridge between the grid and power transformer winding. So, we can said
that bushing will face the grid condition first before through to the winding of power
transformer. All bushing that have installed on 500/150 kV inter bus transformer in Java Bali
power system until now are oil impregnated paper (OIP) type bushing. Dielectric material
which is used between bushing conductor and bushing tap is oil impregnated paper (OIP).
Besides that, the type of bushing is condenser bushing type. Basically, there are two type of
bushing based on electric stress controlling. They are condenser bushing and non-condenser
bushing, figure 2.1.

Presentation 11.2




Generally, condenser bushing is implemented in high voltage bushing. If we used non-
condenser busing on high voltage bushing, the thickness of dielectric material will no slim.
Non-condenser bushing is implemented in low and medium voltage bushing.
In the future, P3B Java Bali will implement Resin impregnated paper (RIP) bushing. OIP
bushing, sometimes, undergo oil leakage that lead to breakdown of bushing.

III. Online Bushing monitoring
Online bushing monitoring is a device which monitors bushing condition based on dielectric
current (leakage current) of bushing. The sensors are installed on every bushing tap. All
three dielectric current of bushing (phase R, S and T) added together as a vector. The sum of
current is called imbalance current.
Every dielectric current of each bushing consist of two component namely capacitive current
and resistive current. Capacitive current is perpendicular to voltage phase and resistive
current is similar with voltage phase, figure 3.1.


Capacitive current and resistive current added to become total current (leakage current of
dielectric material on bushing). Angle between resistive current and total current is an angle
that correlated to power factor or cos . Angle between capacitive current and total current
is angle that correlated with DDF (dielectric dissipation factor) namely tan .
Total current of each bushing is measured by a sensor that installed on bushing tap, figure
3.2.
Figure 3.1 Capacitive current, resistive current and total current (leakage current)
Figure 2.1 Non-condenser bushing and condenser bushing
Presentation 11.3



Figure 3.2 Sensor of online bushing monitoring on bushing tap


All leakage current of bushing (phase R, S and T) are added to get imbalance current, figure
3.3.





Figure 3.3 (A) shows the zero imbalance current, but this is not in reality. Figure 3.3 (B) and
(C) show the non-zero imbalance current. Figure 3.3 (B) occurs because changing of resistive
current that lead to changing of dissipation factor. Figure 3.3 (C) occurs because changing of
capacitance.
Magnitude of sum imbalance current and magnitude of change is the key indicator for
problems severity. We decided 3% of imbalance current for warning and 5% of imbalance
current for disposal.



Figure 3.3 Leakage current and imbalance current
A
B
C
Presentation 11.4


IV. Analysis
P3B JB has installed online bushing monitoring on IBT#1 500/150 kV of Cawang EHV
Substation. From online bushing monitoring, we got leakage current every phase of HV
bushing, figure 4.1. The yellow graph is leakage current of phase R, the green is phase S and
the red is phase T. The leakage current of phase R is around 36 mA. The leakage current of
phase S is around 32 mA. The leakage current of phase T is around 28 mA.


Leakage current is a variable that influence dielectric losses, especially resistive current.
Leakage current consist of resistive current and capacitive current. The data are from 20 July
2013 until 24 August 2013.


We monitor sum of leakage current which is imbalance current. From the data, imbalance
current is around 0.17% and 179 degree, figure 4.2. This value is lower than warning value
which is 3%, so the condition of HV bushing is in good condition.
Figure 4.1 Leakage current of phase R (yellow), S (green) and T (red) of HV Bushing
Figure 4.2 Imbalance current of HV Bushing set
Presentation 11.5


Breakdown of dielectric material depend on dielectric losses. The higher dielectric losses the
faster breakdown. Dielectric losses is influenced by resistive current and voltage applied. So,
dielectric losses depend on voltage applied, frequency, capacitance and DDF (dielectric
dissipation factor). The higher capacitive value the higher dielectric losses. The higher DDF
value the higher dielectric losses.
Figure 4.3 and figure 4.4 show capacitance value and DDF (tan delta) of HV bushing.






Figure 4.3 Capacitance of HV Bushing set
Figure 4.4 DDF (dielectric dissipation factor) of HV Bushing set
Presentation 11.6


Figure 4.3 and figure 4.4 show that capacitance and DDF of HV bushing phase R has the
highest value. So, the dielectric losses of phase R is the highest one. Therefore, probability of
breakdown for phase R is the highest.
We also measured the leakage current of LV bushing, figure 4.5. The yellow graph is leakage
current of phase R, the green is phase S and the red is phase T. The leakage current of phase
R is around 10 mA. The leakage current of phase S is around 10 mA. The leakage current of
phase T is around 10.5 mA.
Assessment of bushing condition is not based on leakage current directly but we consider
imbalance current of bushing set. Imbalance current is the sum of all leakage current of
bushing set, 3% for warning and 5% for disposal.





Figure 4.5 Leakage current of phase R (yellow), S (green) and T (red) of LV Bushing set
Figure 4.6 Imbalance current of LV Bushing set
Presentation 11.7


Figure 4.6 show the imbalance current of LV bushing set. The imbalance current of LV
bushing set is 0.07% and 132 degree, so the LV bushing condition is in good condition.
Figure 4.7 and figure 4.8 show the capacitance and DDF of LV bushing set.




Phase T of LV bushing has the highest both capacitance value and DDF. Therefore, the
dielectric losses of phase T is the highest one.

V. Conclusion
1. HV bushing and LV bushing of phase R, S and T are in good condition as imbalance
current is less than warning value that is 3%.
2. Dielectric losses of phase R HV bushing is the highest than the others so we have to
consider to this phase.
3. Dielectric losses of phase T LV bushing is the highest than the others so we have to
consider to this phase.
Figure 4.7 Capacitance of LV Bushing set
Figure 4.8 DDF (dielectric dissipation factor) of LV Bushing set