Programming Code

//####### Prototype Area #########

#include <avr/io.h>
#include <avr/interrupt.h>
#include <util/delay.h>
#define F_CPU 1000000UL //Clock Frequency 1MHz
//####### Functions###############
void InitADC() // This routine initializes AVR internal ADC module to work with RC clock. Clock determines the time period necessary for
performing AD conversion
{
ADMUX=(1<<REFS0)|(1<<REFS1);
// Set (REF Voltage & Input channel) AREF=internal 2.56v
ADCSRA=(1<<ADEN)|(1<<ADPS0)|(1<<ADPS1)|(1<<ADPS2);
//ADC Enabling (ADEN ..Start Conversion) & Set pre-scalar setting
}

uint16_t ReadADC()
{
//Select ADC Channel
ADMUX = 0xE0;
//Start Single conversion
ADCSRA|=(1<<ADSC);
//Wait for conversion to complete
while(!(ADCSRA & (1<<ADIF)));
//Clear ADIF by writing one to it
ADCSRA|=(1<<ADIF);
return(ADCH); //The digital value stored in the ADCH register
}

int main(void)
{
char segment [10] = {0x3F,0x06,0x5B,0x4F,0x66,0x6D,0x7D,0x07,0x7F,0x6F};
//7-Segment Numbers Codes in hexadecimal
DDRB=0xFF; //PORT B Output
DDRD=0xFF; //PORT D Output

sei(); // Enable Global Interrupts
InitADC(); // Enabling the Conversion

while(1) // Infinite Loop
{
// Temperature Calculations
uint16_t adc_value=ReadADC() ; //Select .. Start .. Wait .. Clear
uint8_t temp= adc_value / 4; //Getting the temp value
uint8_t first= temp/10; // int (25/10) = 2 >> First
uint8_t second= temp-first*10; // 25 (2*10) = 5 >> Second
PORTB=segment[first]; // send first digit to 7-segment
PORTD=segment[second]; // send last digit to 7-segment

_delay_ms(1000); //wait 1 sec

ADCSRA |= 1<<ADSC; //Start ADC Conversion Again
}
}
AVR ADC

FUNCTION CODE
Start Conversion ADCSRA |= 1<<ADSC;
Enable the ADC and its interrupt
feature
ADCSRA = 0x8F;
Select internal 2.56V as Vref, left justify
data registers and select ADC0 as
input channel
ADMUX = 0xE0;
Enable Global Interrupts sei();
Output ADCH to PortD
ADCH : the most significant bit
PORTD = ADCH
wait until conversion completes
ADSC=0 means Complete
while (ADCSRA & (1<<ADSC));
ADCL : the least significant bit PORTD = ADCL






Registers Description






















Bit 5 ADLAR: ADC Left Adjust Result
The ADLAR bit affects the presentation of the ADC conversion result in the
ADC Data Register. Write one to ADLAR to left adjust the result. Otherwise, the
result is right adjusted. Changing the ADLAR bit will affect the ADC Data
Register immediately, regardless of any ongoing conversions.





















When an ADC conversion is complete, the result is found in these two registers.

When ADCL is read, the ADC Data Register is not updated until ADCH is read.

Consequently, if the result is left adjusted and no more than 8-bit precision is required, it is
sufficient to read ADCH.

Otherwise, ADCL must be read first, then ADCH.
The ADLAR bit in ADMUX, and the MUXn bits in ADMUX affect the way the result is read from
the registers. If ADLAR is set, the result is left adjusted. If ADLAR is cleared (default), the result
is right adjusted.



Bits 3:0 MUX3:0: Analog Channel Selection Bits
The value of these bits selects which analog inputs are connected to the ADC.
If these bits are changed during a conversion, the change will not go in effect until this
conversion is complete (ADIF in ADCSRA is set).







































































ADC Conversion Result
After the conversion is complete (ADIF is high), the conversion result can be found in the
ADC Result Registers (ADCL, ADCH). For single ended conversion
the result is :
1024 *
ref
in
V
V
ADC

LM35 Calculations :
We choose 2.56v as a Reference voltage , that mean the maximum value
that can be read from the sensor is 2.56v.
So:
1 C = 10 mV ( Analog ) = 4 ADC >> Linear Relation

Temp =
4
ADC