Fuel and Energy Abstracts Volume 37 Issue 4 1996 [Doi 10.1016%2F0140-6701%2896%2982226-0] -- 9603929 Decentralized Rural Electrification- State of the Art and Technical and Economic Perspectives
06 Electric power generation and utilisation (economics, policy, supplies, forecasts)
96103929 Decentralized rural electrification: State of the art
and technical and economic perspectives Chabot, B. Revue de [Energie, Feb. 1996, (475), 82-92. (In French) The paper reviews the approach currently underlying decentralized rural electrification. This is based on analysing requirements, arranging them for priority, choosing appropriate solutions combining the criteria of energy efficiency with the use of local, renewable energy resources, The main decentralized rural electrification techniques in use are described briefly, along with the corresponding energy services each of them can cover. 96103930 Direct foreign investment in power sector in India: Enron - A case study Yadav, S. S. Revue de IEnergie, Feb. 1996, (475), 100-104. In order to develop its economy at a faster pace, India needs to make large investments in its infrastructure - electric power being one such sector. Realising this need, the Government of India has invited private sector, domestic as well as foreign companies, to invest in this area. In response, Enron Corporation of USA entered into an agreement wih the Maharashtra State Electricity Board to establish a 2-phase power project for a capacity of 2015 MW (695 MW in Phase I and 1320 MW in Phase II). Soon after the contract, there was a change of government in the State, as a result of elections. The new government scrapped the project on the ground of non- transparency, inflated capital costs and high power tariff, etc. Since India is an emerging destination for foreign investments, scrapping of the project may have an adverse repercussion on the inflow of foreign capital in future. 96103931 DSM progress and lessons In the global context Boyle. S. Energy Policy, Apr. 1996, 24, (4) 345-359. The paper is an overview of demand-side management (DSM) in a global context. The emphasis is upon programme results and lessons learned, particularly those relevant to both an industrial and industrializing country context. A review of DSM progress and programme results contrasts activ- ities in North America with Western Europe, some selected examples in Eastern Europe, Thailand and other countries in South-east Asia, Brazil. Mexico and finally Southern Africa. A short section on the policies and impacts of some of the main development banks - the World Bank, Asian Development Bank, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development - then follows. Some conclusions from these extremely varied programmes, in widely differing political, social and cultural contexts. are finally offered. 96103932 Economic evaluation of demand-slde management optlons uslng utlllty avolded costs Sudhakara Reddy, B. E/tergy, Jun. 1996, 21. (6). 473-482. The authors evaluate the industrial demand-side management (DSM) options using utility avoided costs, including long-term marginal costs of power generation, transmission and distribution in Maharashtra. Implemen- tation of DSM options will save 1570 MW of peak demand and 12.510 GWh of energy by 2000 AD. The marginal savings to the utility will be Rs. 56.580 million (MM) and the savings to the customer, due to reduced energy bills, will be Rs. 36,210 MM. 96103933 An efflclent decomposltlon approach for multi-area productlon costing Singh, C. and Gubbala. N. Electrical Power & Ewrgy Sy.\ fett~s, Ma! 1996. 18, (4) 25%270. The paper presents a new approach for multi-area production costtng called SEG-GSIDES (segmented global simultaneous decomposition-simulation). It is based on the SIDES (simultaneous decomposition-simulation) appr- oach which has been developed for computing reliability indices in a multi- area configuration. The global state space is obtained from the maximum number of units committed in each area and thus contains the state space corresponding to any set of committed units. The concepts are illustrated using a small example system. Case studies are presented for the three area and four area IEEE-RTS systems. 96103934 Energy Interchange In deregulated power systems Ferrero. R. W. and Shahidehpour, S. M. Electrical Power Q Euerg) Systems, May 1996. 18. (4), 251-2.58. The paper presents the basis for a new approach to solving the problem of inter-utility power transactions in deregulated electricity markets. The problem is formulated as an optimization approach vvith a nonlinear objec- tive function and linear constraint\ An example system is discussed. presenting the operation state for inter-utility transactions based on the equal-lambda criterion. The same example is presented for the proposed method and the results are discussed. 96103935 industry The future of DSM in a restructured US electricity Hirst, E. et al., Energy Policy, Apr. 1996, 24, (4), 303-315. During the past several years, more and more electric utilities have been running demand-side management (DSM) programmes. These program- mes improve the efficiency with which customers use electricity and affect the timing of that use (e.g. to shift it away from high-cost times). Utilities run such programmes for two primary reasons. One is to improve customer service. The second is to acquire resources that, just like power plants, can meet customer energy service needs. DSM programmes often are less expensive and environmentally cleaner than power plants. By 1994, US utility DSM programmes had cut potential summer peak demand by 7% and annual electricity use by 2%. The authors examine the economics of DSM in the late 1990s. reviewing current estimates of avoided supply costs and the cost of conserved electricity for DSM programmes. 96103936 Fuzzy logic for short term load forecasting Ranaweera, D. K. er al., Electrical Power & Energy Systems, May 1996, 18. (4) 215-222. The results of an investigation of a fuzzy logic model for short term load forecasting are presented. The proposed methodology uses fuzzy rules to incorporate historical weather and load data. 96103937 Grld connectlon of renewable sources Butler, D. and Brown, J. Proc. Solar 95 Conference, Hobart, Tasmania, ANZSES, Box 124, Caulfield East, WC. 3145, Amtralia. The connection of renewable energy sources such as solar or wind to established large or small electricity grids is becoming increasingly attrac- tive. Grid connected wind is now capable of generating energy at costs as low as SO.05 per kilowatt hour. The paper discusses emerging ethical. economic. safety and performance issues associated with grid connected renewable systems. 96103938 How much DSM Is really there? A market perspective Chamberlin, J. H. and Herman. P. M. Energy Polk),, Apr. 1996, 24, (4) 323-330. Numerous studies over the years have estimated the extent of utility demand-side management (DSM) activities. These estimates have been based on assumptions consistent with a traditional, regulated utility envi- ronment. However. with increasing electric utility competition, deregula- tion, and the disintegration of vertically integrated utilities, it is appropriate to ask. how much of the previously forecast DSM remains. The article explores this question by reviewing recent forecasts of traditional utility DSM and the assumpttons on which these projections were based. The discussion continues by defining market based DSM and how it differs from traditional utility DSM programmes. Presents several forecasts of DSM for the future and discuss why these forecasts differ from past projec- tions of utility DSM. The Independent electric generatlon optlon In Moncef Ben Abdallah. Hevue de IEtfergre. Mar 1996. (476), 135-140. (In French) The electricity demand supplied by the Tunisian network is expected to increase at the rate of 7% ner vear. New investments will have a financial impact that must be damped -amortized by improving the technical and financial management of utility on the one hand and a good control of the demand side management on the other hand. Its within the framework that the option of independent power production in Tunisia has been adopted. Its not due to a failure in the electrical system but because of the financial constraint and the increasing weight owing to the quick need for development. 96103940 Is the east-west power brldge economic? MPS, Modern Power Systems, Feb. 1996, 16, (2), 21, 23, 25. Reports that at the latest conference of the East-West Energy Bridge pro- ject in Warsaw in October 1995, the majority opinion concluded that the vast trans-European hvdc network proposed for operation in 2010 could be economically financed and operated in spite of reservations by some Ger- man utilities. Anatoliy Dyakov, president of the Russian UPS (Unified Power System), recently said that Russia would shortly start building the line from Smolensk to Kaliningrad as the first stage of this project. 96103941 Negawatts. Twelve transltlons, elght Improvements and one dlstractlon Lovins, A. B. Energy Polq, Apr. 1996, 24, (4), 331-343. Efficient use of electricity is undergoing 12 main transitions - in concept, content, scope, technology, implementation, regulation and market role - that make achievable savings far larger and cheaper than previously sup- posed. For example, large electrical savings are often turning out to cost less than small savings. Eight powerful classes of improvements can con- tinue to keep end-use efficiency generally the least-cost resource. How- ever. efficient) efforts have lately been diverted by a retail-wheeling myth whrch, if true. would only strengthen the business case for making very efficient use of electricity a core competitive strategy - with or without the raptdly approaching and radical decentralization of the electricity system. Fuel and Energy Abstracts July 1996 275