Bio diesel from JATROPHA: NEXT GENERATION SUSSTAINABLE FUEL

INTRODUCTION:
Dr. Rudolf Diesel built the first diesel engine in the date back in 1885 but in 1!1" he stated #$the use of %egetable oil for engine
fuels &a' see& insignificant to(da' . )ut such oils &a' in the course of ti&e beco&e an i&*ortant as *etroleu& and coal tar *roducts of
*resent ti&e.+ ,cientists disco%ered that the %iscosit' of %egetable could be reduced in a si&*le che&ical *rocess. In 1!-. it is disco%ered
that the %egetable oil could /ork /ell as diesel fuel in &odern engine. ,ince then the technical de%elo*&ent ha%e largel' been co&*leted.
0lant oil is highl' %alued as )io fuel #Diesel+ and transfor&ed in to )io Diesel in &ost industriali1ed.
Bio diesel from jatro!a: )io diesel is a non to2ic biodegradable re*lace&ent for fossil diesel. )io diesel is &ade fro& %egetable oil
rec'cled cooking oil and tallo/. )io diesel belongs to a fa&il' of fatt' acids called &eth'l esters. Che&icall' bio diesel is described as a
&ono alk'l ester. It can be described as follo/s:
This %egetable oil be used as it is crushed i.e. unrefined in the engine of cars.
The %egetable can be blended /ith nor&al diesel and used in cars.
This %egetable can be refined and sold as *ure diesel.
Refined it can be e2*orted as a clean fuel to the an' /here in the /orld
)io diesel is a substitute for or an additi%e to the diesel that deri%ed fro& the oils and fats of the *lants either fro& edible oil like cocoanut
&ai1e cotton coffee or fro& non edible oils such as 3atro*ha castor &ahua linseed *ongo&ia nee&.
It can be seen that edible oils can be costlier in co&*arison to non edible oil in case of bio diesel *roduction. The oil concentration and
3atro*ha *roduction are higher than an' other non edible oils.
Utili"atio# of Jatro!a:
It is found that 3atro*ha is used uni%ersall' &ainl' in *roduction of bio diesel .)ut e%er' *art of 4atro*ha Curcas *lant is used to utili1ation of
hu&an 5 ani&al benefit as gi%en belo/ .
4atro*ha e2tracted oil are used as )io diesel 6arnishes illu&inants soa* *est control &edicinal for skin diseases.
4atro*ha seed and sa*lings can be sold
Dark blue d'es and /a2 can be *roduced fro& bark of 3atro*ha *lants
4atro*ha *lant ste& can be used as a *oor 7ualit' /ood
8ea%es hel* in dressing the /ound
4atro*ha roots hel* in &aking 'ello/ d'e
4uice of the flo/er 5 3atro*ha ste&s ha%e %er' good &edicinal *ro*erties
0ounded seeds are used in tanning
0ress cakes recei%ed fro& che&ical reaction of *roducing bio diesel beco&e organic fertili1ers 5 used as soil i&*ro%ing agents as
it contains rich in nitrogen
The seed husk can be used into a high densit' brick for burning as fuel
4atro*ha can gro/ e%en &arginal9saline acidic9 alkaline soils and slo**' lanes and e%en on dr' land and sur%i%e in drought
conditions
0ro%ide li%e hedge for fir&s to arrest the &enace of stra' cattle
Create green co%er for long ter& ecological benefit
It can be used for candle &aking cos&etic industr' 5 for herbal a**lication
8ike all trees 4atro*ha re&o%es carbon fro& at&os*here stores in the /ood' tissues and assists in building u* of soil carbon. It is
en%iron&ent friendl'.
$ULTI%ATION OF JATROPHA:
4atro*ha can be gro/n in areas of lo/ rain fall ranging fro& 5.. to 1... && *er 'ear and *roble& soils. In high rain fall and
irrigated areas too it can be gro/n in &ost *art of the countr'. It can be gro/n in desert areas /ith the hel* of dri* irrigation s'ste& /ith
&ore e2*enses. It can gro/ in dr' se&i dr' ston' slo**' and all kind of soil .It can gro/ e%en in the cre%ices of rock.
4atro*ha Curcas is also suitable for *re%enting soil erosion and shifting of sand dunes. )esides no /atch &an is re7uired for /atching the
field fro& cattle goats or an' other ani&als as those ani&als do not gra1e the *lants.
BIO &IESEL PRO&U$TION :
The *roduction of bio diesel or alk'l esters fro& 3atro*ha seeds is /ell kno/n. There are three basic routes to ester *roductions
fro& oil or fat.
)ase catal'1ed transesterification of the oil /ith alcohol
Direct acid catal'1ed esterification of the oil /ith &ethanol
Con%ersion of the oil to fatt' acids and then to alk'l esters /ith acid catal'st
The &a3orit' of the alk'l esters *roduced to da' are done /ith the base catal'1ed reaction because it is the &ost econo&ic for se%eral reasons.
8o/ te&*erature of 15.
.
: and *ressure ". *si *rocessing
;igh con%ersion of !8< /ith &ini&al side reactions and reaction ti&e
Direct con%ersion to &eth'l esters /ith no inter&ediate ste*s
=2otic &aterials of construction are not necessar'
The general *rocess is described belo/ The oil is reacted /ith an alcohol like &ethanol in the *resence of catal'st such as ,odiu&
;'dro2ide or 0otassiu& ;'dro2ide to *roduce to *roduce gl'cerin 5 &eth'l esters or bio diesel. The &ethanol is charged in e2cess to assist
in 7uick con%ersion and reco%ered for reuse.
RE&U$TION OF E'ISSION &UE TO BIO &IESL USES IN %EHI$LES
The bio diesel can be blended /ith *etroleu& diesel. )". is a blend of ".< bio diesel /ith 8.< of *etroleu& diesel /hich is a**ro%ed b'
=0> >ct ?=nerg' 0olic' >ct@. )1.. is a *ure 1..< bio diesel . )oth )". 5 )1.. are tried in diesel %ehicles and found that e&issions ha%e
been reduced drasticall' of the follo/ing a&ounts.
$ON$LUSION:
4atro*ha is a *rofitable business /hich could in%ol%e all sections of societ' starting fro& *oor to rich including &iddle inco&e
grou*. This could sti&ulate rural de%elo*&ent because the bio diesel /ill be generated fro& the 3atro*ha and other t'*es of edible and
no(edible oils the' hold enor&ous *otential for far&ers. In near future s*eciall' t/o third *eo*le of the de%elo*ing /orld /ho deri%e
their inco&es fro& such t'*es of agriculture.
>t the national le%el *roducing &ore bio diesel /ill generate ne/ industries ne/ technologies ne/ 3obs and ne/ &arkets. )io diesel is
the &ost %aluable for& of rene/able energ' that can be used directl' in an' e2isting un&odified diesel engine. The bio diesel can
conser%e the natural resources.
,o the 3atro*ha /ill be the sustainable fuel for ne2t generation 5 it /ill bring the s&ile to all. Our nation /ill not beg for fossil fuel
fro& the abundant oil *roduction countries.