and Airport Pavement Design Dr. Ankit Gupta, Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Hamirpur Lecture Outline Airport Capacity Hangars Airport Capacity The number of aircraft movements which an airport can process within a specified period of time, with an average delay to the departing aircraft within the acceptable time limit. Practical operating capacity is less than the ideal capacity, depending upon the amount of acceptable delay to the departing aircraft. Airbourne Instruments Laboratory USA, has fixed an average delay period of 6 minutes. Airport Capacity The factors affecting the airport operating capacity: Runway configurations and the connected taxiways. Aircraft characteristics and their arrival to departure ratio. Weather conditions. Terrain and man-made obstructions. Landing apron space. Navigational aids. Aircraft processing techniques. Runway Capacity Ability of a runway system to accommodate aircraft landings and take-off. It is expressed in operations per hour or operations per year. Ultimate or Saturation capacity of a runway is the maximum number of aircraft that can be handled during a given period under conditions of continuous demand. Factors affecting runway capacity are: Air traffic control Characteristics of demand Environmental factors Layout and design of the runway system Hangars These are enclosures for housing and repairing of aircrafts Steel framework with galvanized iron sheets are provided Space is provided for machine shops and stores for spare parts Size depends upon size of aircraft and turning radius Number of hangars depends upon peak hour intensity and demand from airlines Adequate lighting should be provided inside the hangar Hangars Location should be as near to the loading aprons and terminal building as practicable Facilities like water supply, telephone, drainage etc. should be available Favourable topography with good natural drainage helps in keeping it dry It should not be along the direction of frequent wind storm Space should also be allocated for accommodating personal, vehicles etc. Space requirement for future expansion. Hangars Types of storage and service hangars Nose hangar Provided for large sized aircraft Comfortable working conditions Economical T-hangar Provided for small sized aircraft Encloses the aircraft fully Hangars Airport Pavement Design Flexible: Deformations in layers, have some flexural strength Rigid: No deformations, act as a beam. Negligible flexural strength. Types of Design: Empirical: CBR, Plate bearing, etc. Semi-empirical: Burmisters approach, etc. Analytical: Westergaard analysis, etc. Airport Pavement Design Various design factors are: Design wheel load Strength characteristics of materials used in layers Subgrade supporting capacity Other factors like repetition of wheel loads, fatigue resistance, impact, volume change due to frost- thawing, etc. Airport Pavement Design Design methods for flexible pavements: CBR Method McLeod Method Burmister Method Analytical Method Computer Aided Design (CAD) applications Design methods for rigid pavements: Westergaards Method LCN/PCN/ACN system of pavement design Airport Pavement Design Load Classification Number: A system of classification of the supporting capacity of pavements, indicating their ability to support loads without cracking or becoming permanently deformed. The number is obtained by making plate- bearing tests on the pavement. Likewise, the equivalent single-wheel load of any aircraft can be expressed in terms of LCN. LCN is dependent on the gear geometry, tire pressure, and the composition and thickness of the pavement. Thus, if the LCN of an airfield pavement is larger than the LCN of the aircraft, the aircraft can safely use the pavement. Airport Pavement Design Aircraft Classification Number: It is a number expressing the relative effect of an aircraft on the runway pavement for a specified standard subgrade category (ICAO). Pavement Classification Number: It is an ICAO standard used in combination with the ACN to indicate the strength of a runway, taxiway or apron. This helps to ensure that the apron is not subjected to excessive wear and tear, thus prolonging its life.