í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 1 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2007
d) We'll now have the privilege
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 267
Ramachandra (Compere/ EMCEE):
May I have your attention, ladies and gen-
tlemen (and my student friends)? All is set
for the evening's programme and we now
begin by inviting our beloved principal, pro-
fessor Upadesh to take his seat on dais.
Mitra and Charita will escort the principal to
his seat on the dais.
(Ç£æfi-ûª’-™«®√, ü¿ßª’-îËÆœ N†çúÕ. Ñ ≤ƒßª’çvûªç
鬮Ωu-véπ-´÷-EéÀ Åç-û√ Æœü¿l¥´’®·çC. ´’† v°œßª’-ûª´’
principal Çî√®Ωu Ö°æ-üË-¨ ¸†’ ¢ËC-éπ-O’ü¿ ≤ƒn†ç™
èπÿ®Óa-¢√-©E éÓ®Ω-úøçûÓ ´’† Ñ Æ涵º v§ƒ®Ω綵ºç
îËÆæ’hØ√oç. N’vûª, îªJûª Çߪ’-††’ ¢ËCéπ O’CéÀ
BÆæ’éÌ≤ƒh®Ω’.)
It will now be the turn of ..
May I now invite the chief guest, Vice
Chancellor Dr.Vidyadhik of National
University to grace the dais with his pres-
ence? Vinaya and Vignata will conduct him
to his seat on the dais.
(ûª´’ ÖE-éÀûÓ ¢ËCéπ†’ Å©ç-éπ-Jç-î√-Lqç-Cí¬ ´’†
´·êu ÅAC∑, National University Ö°æ èπ◊©-°æA,
ú≈éπd®˝ Nü∆u-Cµé˙†’ éÓ®Ω’-ûª’-Ø√o†’. N†ßª’, Nïcûª
¢√JE ¢ËCéπ O’CéÀ BÆæ’-éÌ-≤ƒh®Ω’.)
Next, with equal pleasure we look forward to
the presence, on the stage, of Smt
Susobhita, Commissioner, Collegiate
Education. Ajita and Ajai are requested to
show her to her seat.
(ûª®√yûª, ÅçûË ÆæçûÓ-≠æçûÓ, éπ∞«-¨»© Nü∆u éπN’-≠æ-
†®˝ X´’A Ææ’¨-Gµûª ¢ËCéπ O’ü¿èπ◊ ®√´-ú≈Eo áü¿’-
®Ω’-îª÷-Ææ’hØ√oç. Å>ûª, Åï-ß˝’©’ ¢√JE ¢ËCéπ
O’ü¿èπ◊ BÆæ’-éÌ-≤ƒh®Ω’.)
Now, Dr Acharya, President, Staff
Association will do us the favour of taking
his seat on the dais. He will be guided to his
seat by Rohini and Rohit.
(Åüµ∆u-°æéπ Ææç°∂æ’ç Åüµ¿u-èπ~◊úø’ ú≈éπd®˝ Çî√®Ωu ¢ËCéπ
O’ü¿ ÇÆ‘-†’©ßË’u ņ’-ví∫£æ«ç ´÷èπ◊ éπL-T-≤ƒh®Ω’.
®Ó£œ«ùÀ, ®Ó£œ«û˝ Çߪ’††’ ¢ËCéπ O’ü¿èπ◊ BÆæ’-éÌ-
≤ƒh®Ω’.)
It will now be the turn of Miss Sadhana
President, student's society to be seated on
the dais.
(É°æ¤púø’ ¢ËC-éπ-O’ü¿ ÇÆ‘†’©’ 鬢√-LqçC, Nü∆uJn
Ææç°∂æ’ç Åüµ¿u-èπ~◊-®√©’, èπ◊´÷J ≤ƒüµ¿†.)
Now the dignitaries on the dais will be gar-
landed and offered bouquets.
(¢ËC-éπ-†-©ç-éπ-Jç-*† íı®Ω-´-F-ߪ·-©-éÀ-°æ¤púø’ °æ¤≠æp-´÷-
©©’, °æ¤≠æp í∫’î√a¥-©†’ É≤ƒh®Ω’.)
The next on our programme is lighting of the
lamp. May I ask volunteers Neeraja and
Padmaja to assist the chief guest in lighting
the lamp.
(´’† 鬮Ωu-véπ-´’ç™ ûª®√yûª Å稡ç ñuA ¢ÁL-Tç-
îªôç/ ñuA v°æïy-©†. Volunteers F®Ωï, °æü¿t-
ï-©†’ ´·êu ÅAC∑ ñuA ¢ÁL-Tç-îª-ôç™ ûÓúøp-ú≈-
Lqç-Cí¬ éÓ®Ω’-ûª’-Ø√o†’.)
☺ ☺ ☺ ☺ ☺ for asking this kind of question, that is, the
É°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç îªC-NçC éÀçü¿öÀ lesson ™
îª÷Æœ† compering continuation ÅE ûÁ©’-Ææ÷hØË
ÖçC éπü∆. Compere/ EMCEE Ramachandra
éπ∞«-¨»© ¢√J{-éÓ-ûªq´ 鬮Ωu-véπ´’ E®Ωy-£æ«-ù™ ¶µ«í∫-¢Á’i†
v°æÆæç-í∫-N’C.
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
ÆæGµ-èπ◊© ≤ƒ´-üµ∆†ç (attention) §ÒçC† ûª®√yûª
鬮Ωu-véπ´’ç v§ƒ®Ω綵ºç– ´’†ç °j† îª÷Æœ† ®√´’-îªçvü¿
Ö°æ-Ø√uÆæç.
鬮Ωu-véπ´’ç v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µ«EéÀ Åçû√ Æœü¿l¥-¢Á’i† ûª®√yûª
≤ƒüµ∆-®Ω-ùçí¬ ¢Á·ôd-¢Á·-ü¿öÀ Åç¨¡ç– NP≠æd ÅA-ü∑¿’-©†’
(Chief Guest, Guest of Honour - É™«çöÀ ¢√∞¡x†’)
¢ËCéπ O’CéÀ ®Ω´’tE éÓ®Ωôç. äéπ N≠æߪ’ç î√™«
´·êuç– compering ™ ´’† ´÷ô™x áçûª
¢ÁjNüµ¿uç Öçõ‰ Åçûª ÇÆæéÀhü∆ߪ’-éπçí¬ Öçô’çC. ¢ËCéπ
O’CéÀ ®√´-©-Æœ† Å®·ü∆®Ω’-í∫’®Ω’ ´uèπ◊h™x v°æA ´uéÀhF
I request Mr/ Ms so and so to come on to the
dais and take his/ her seat on the dais ÅE äÍé-
®Ω-éπçí¬ °œLÊÆh ¶«í∫’ç-úøü¿’ éπü∆. äéÌ\-éπ\-JE äéÓ\-®Ω-
éπçí¬ Ç£æ…y-EÊÆh î√™« variety í¬ Öçô’çC.
Åçü¿’èπ◊ ´’†èπ◊ 鬴-©-ÆœçC áèπ◊\´ vocabulary
(°æü∆© ñ«c†ç). ÉC ´’†ç áçûª áèπ◊\´ îªC-NûË
Åçûª ¶«í¬ ´Ææ’hçC. ¢ÁjN-üµ¿u¢Ë’ (variety) comper-
ing èπ◊ ´·êuçí¬ public speaking èπ◊ ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ω-ùçí¬
v§ƒùç!
´÷´·-©’í¬ ¢ËCéπ O’CéÀ ®√¢√-©†ö«EéÀ com-
peres ¢√úË expression- I request so and so
(°∂晫Ø√ ¢√JE) to come on to the dais and take
his/ her seat ÅE.
(í∫´’-Eéπ: ¢ËCéπ = dais - pronunciation - úÁß˝’q –
´÷´‚-©’í¬ î√™«´’çC ÅØËô’x úøߪ÷Æˇ é¬ü¿’.)
éÌçîÁç Ü£æ«ûÓ ÉüË ¶µ«¢√Eo NNüµ¿ ®Ωé¬-©’í¬
express îËߪ’-´îª’a. °j† Ramchandra's com-
pering ™ îª÷¨»®Ω’ í∫ü∆– äéÌ\-éπ\-JE äéÓ\ ®Ωéπçí¬
¢ËCéπ O’ü¿èπ◊ Ç£æ…y-Eç-îªôç.
a) I request our beloved principal to take his
seat on the dais.
b) May I now invite ... to grace the dais with his
presence (grace = ¨¶µº éπL-Tç-îªúøç)
c) Next, with equal pleasure, we look forward
to the presence on the stage, of smt susob-
hita ...
(ÅçûË ÆæçûÓ-≠æçûÓ ¢Ë’ç áü¿’®Ω’ îª÷Ææ’hØ√oç,
X´’A Ææ’¨-Gµûª ¢ËCéπ O’ü¿èπ◊ ®√´ôç.)
look forward to = Çvûªçí¬ áü¿’-®Ω’-îª÷-úøôç.
d) Now Dr Acharya, President, Staff
Association will do us the favour of taking
his seat on the dais.
(ûª®√yûª ú≈éπd®˝ Çî√®Ωu ¢ËC-éπ-O’ü¿ ÇÆ‘†’™„j ´’´’tLo
ņ’-ví∫-£œ«-≤ƒh®Ω’– ûÁ©’-í∫’™ ņ’-ví∫-£œ«ç-îªôç ÅØËC
°ü¿l-´÷õ‰, é¬F formal English ™ Ñ ¢√úø’éπ
≤ƒ´÷-†u¢Ë’. favour - American 'favour' - ņ’-
ví∫£æ«ç/ Ö°æ-鬮Ωç.
Could you do me a small favour?
é¬Ææh ≤ƒßª’ç îË≤ƒh¢√?/ îË≤ƒh®√?)
e) It will now be the turn of Miss Sadhana ... to
take her seat on the dais.
É°æ¤púø’ Nü∆uJn Ææç°∂æ’ Åüµ¿u-éπ~-®√©’, èπ◊´÷J ≤ƒüµ¿†
´çûª’, ¢ËCéπ O’CéÀ ®√´ôç.
turn= ´çûª’
Éçé¬ î√™« Nüµ∆-©’í¬ é¬®Ωu-véπ-´’ç™E Ñ ¶µ«í¬Eo
compere îËߪ’-´îª’a.
a) The next to honour us with his/ her pres-
ence on the dais is ...
(ûª®√yûª ¢ËCéπ O’ü¿ ûª´’ ÖEéÀ ü∆y®√ ´’†èπ◊
džçü¿ç éπL-Tç-îË-¢√®Ω’ ...)
b) Equally welcome on to the dais is Mr ...
(X ... E ÅüË ≤ƒyí∫-ûªçûÓ ¢ËCéπ O’CéÀ Ç£æ…y-E-
Ææ’hØ√oç.)
c) We consider it a great privilege to have Sri/
Smt ... on the dais.
(X/ X´’A ... ¢ËCéπ O’ü¿ ÇÆ‘-†’-©-´ôç ´÷éÓ
v°æûËu-éπ-¢Á’i† ´’®√u-ü¿í¬/ ņ’-ví∫-£æ«çí¬ °æJ-í∫-
ùÀ≤ƒhç.)
2
of...
(Privilege = v°œN-Lñ¸) = v°æûËuéπ
Çü¿®Ωç/ £æ«èπ◊\.
Åçû√ ´’† Ü£æ…-¨¡-éÀhE •öÀd, ´’†-
èπ◊†o vocabulary (°æü¿-Ææç-°æü¿)
•öÀd, áçûª variety Å®·Ø√ îª÷°œç-
îª-´îª’a. -v°æ-¨¡o: 1. Students èπ◊ 'lesson explanation'
tense ™ explain îËߪ÷L.
äéÓ\-≤ƒJ Ç£æfi-ûª’-©†’ direct í¬ØË °œ©-´-´îª’a. †’ à
2. Å™«Íí How to teach prose, poetry,
a) Sri/ Smt ... , the guest of the evening, will
novel (non-detailed). Ñ ´‚úÕç-öÀ™
you please/ would you please/ could you
ûËú≈ àüÁjØ√ Öçü∆? N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.
please come on to the dais?/ take your seat
– öÀ.P-´- π◊-´÷®˝, ÅAhL
on the dais?/ grace the dais with your pres-
-ï-¢√-•’:
ence?/ honour us with your presence on the
dais? i) Tenses explain îËߪ÷-LqçC Telugu ™Ø√,
English ™Ø√ ÅØËC -ûÁ-©’°æ-™‰-ü¿’. Telugu ™
äéÓ\-≤ƒJ Chief Guest †’ guest of the evening/ Compare îËÆœ N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. Telugu
of the occasion
Å®·ûË,
form English form
ÅE èπÿú≈ Åçö«®Ω’. †’ †’.
English ™ Å®·ûË time of action of the verb
†’ •öÀd, verb form ᙫ Öçô’çüÓ explain
îËߪ’çúÕ. eg: form of the verb in the present
simple tense - write/ writes.
uses: Regular actions of any type.
Give example from real life. Like ..
1) Our school starts everyday at...
Important: Compering èπ◊ – Ææp≠ædçí¬, Eü∆-†çí¬,
é¬Ææh Gí∫_-®Ωí¬ ´÷ö«x-úøôç– ´·êuçí¬ î√™« Eü∆-†çí¬,
¢√éπuç™ Ç°æ-´-©-Æœ-†-îÓô Ç°œ, v§ƒ´·êuç É¢√y-Lq†
´÷ô©’ ØÌéÀ\ °æ©-éπúøç v°æüµ∆†ç. ¢Ëí∫çí¬ ´÷ö«x-úøôç
é¬ü¿’, Effective í¬ ´÷ö«x-úøôç ´·êuç.
2) You (Your students) attend classes here
from 9 to 4. Ask them to talk of regular
-v°æ-¨¡o: actions using present simple tense.
See through- See off- See out. Similarly explain to them the present con-
tinuous tense- 1) Its form am+... ing/
Passed out- passed off.
is+...ing/ are+... ing. Its uses: actions
Saw in- saw off- saw of.
going on now-
Ñ phrases Å®√nEo N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. give examples from students' experience-
– °œ. üµ¿†’ç-ï-ߪ’-®√´¤, Xé¬- π◊∞¡ç You are listening/ I am teaching/ A class
is going on in this room..., and so on. Try
this with the other tenses.
-ï-¢√-•’:
See through = Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’éÓ-´ôç. I can see
ii) To teach prose, ask them to read a para-
through your plan = F plan Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’éÓ-í∫-©†’. graph and try to understand the idea in it.
See through = transparent = Glass ™«í¬ Then you check if their understanding is
transparent í¬ ÖçúË. Film stars wear see correct.
through clothes = û√®Ω©’ °æ©aöÀ •ôd©’ (§ƒ®Ω-ü¿- (But before their reading the paragraph,
give them the meanings of difficult words.)
®Ωz-éπçí¬ ÖçúÕ, ´çöÀE ü∆îªE) ¢ËÆæ’èπ◊ç-ö«®Ω’.
see off = OúÓ\©’ îÁ°æpôç – He saw him off at Then explain the meaning of each sen-
the station. tence; put them questions now and then.
When all the paras are complete, ask
see out - Ñ expression, English ™ them questions about the idea in
™‰ü¿’. each para.
passout: 1) Ææp %£æ« ûª°æpôç (become How to teach poetry: Read out aloud
unconscious); 2) ÂÆjE-èπ◊©’ ûª´’ Péπ~ù to the students the poem. Give the
°æ‹®Ωh-®·† ûª®√yûª Military College E meanings of difficult words, as used
´CL¢Á∞¡}ôç in the poem. Then read out each line
pass off = (äéπ °∂æ’-ô-†)- äéπ Nüµ¿çí¬
after putting the words in the prose
ï®Ω-í∫ôç. The event passed off order. They will then be able to follow
peacefully = °∂æ ’-ô-†/ 鬮Ωu-véπ-´ ’ç/ it more easily. Explain the whole
N≠æߪ’ç v°æ¨»ç-ûªçí¬ ïJ-TçC. poem again.
saw in - English ™ ÉC ™‰ü¿’. Teaching non detailed: Give the summary
saw off- past tense of see of of the chapter you are going to teach. Read
out aloud the chapter para after para -
saw of - English é¬ü¿’.
explain the meanings of difficult words.
-v°æ-¨¡o: Explain the deference between the Give the summary of each para.
usage of 'Too and Also.'
-v°æ-¨¡o: -†’-´¤y O’ Ø√†oèπ◊ áØÓo ¢√úÕN?– Ñ
– áç. ¢Ëù’-íÓ-§ƒ-™«-î√-J, -£j«-ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛ ¢√é¬uEo ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ᙫ îÁ§ƒpL?
-ï-¢√-•’: – G. «®˝, †çü∆u™¸
'Also' is used in formal English, whereas
-ï-¢√-•’:
'too' is used in spoken English. 'Also' comes There isn't a correct expression in English
before the main verb or after a 'be form',
exact number of a person/thing in a
whereas too usually comes at the end of the
sequential order. The nearest to it could
sentence. eg: I went to Kolkata. I also visit-
be, what is your number/place among your
ed some other places near the city. She
siblings? (Siblings= brothers and sisters)
came here and spoke to me too. (end of the
sentence)
- M. SURESAN
-Ç-C¢√®Ωç 4 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2007
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 268
Ramachandra (Compere/ EMCEE):
The next item on the programme is wel-
come address by Kumari Sadhana,
President, Students' Society/ Kumari
Sadhana, President, Students' Society will
welcome the gathering.
(鬮Ωu-véπ´’ç™ ûª®√yA Å稡ç, Nü∆uJn Ææç°∂æ’ç
Åüµ¿u-èπ~◊-®√L ≤ƒyí∫ûª ´îª-Ø√©’/ É°æ¤púø’ Nü∆uJn
Ææç°∂æ’ Åüµ¿u-èπ~◊-®√©’ èπ◊´÷J ≤ƒüµ¿† Ç£æfi-ûª’-©†’
≤ƒyí∫-A-≤ƒh®Ω’.)
Over to Sadhana (É°æ¤púø’ ≤ƒüµ¿†.)
Sadhana:
Thank you. Ramachandra. I consider it a
great honour to welcome, on behalf of our
I feel it an honour to ..
college, Dr. Vidyadhik, VC, National
University, to the occasion. It certainly is a
rare privilege for us to have you here, Sir,
and to listen to your valuable message.
You are welcome, Sir.
(Thank you ®√´’-îªçvü¿. éπ∞«-¨»© ûª®Ω-°æ¤† Ñ
Ææçü¿-®√s¥-EéÀ, ´’† ´·êu-Å-AC∑, National
University Ö§ƒ-üµ¿u-èπ~◊©’ Dr. Nü∆u-Cµé˙èπ◊ ≤ƒyí∫ûªç
°æ©-éπôç ØËØÁçûÓ íı®Ω-´çí¬ ¶µ«N-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’. É¢√∞¡
O’J-éπ\úø Öçúøôç, O’ Å´‚-©u-¢Á’i† ÆæçüË-¨»Eo
¢Ë’ç N†ôç, ´÷èπ◊ -©-Gµç-*-† Å®Ω’-üÁj† ¶µ«í∫uçí¬
¶µ«N-Ææ’hØ√oç. O’èπ◊ ≤ƒyí∫ûªç.)
As happy I am to welcome too, Smt.
Susobhita, Commissioner, Collegiate
Education to our function this evening.
She has many achievements to her credit
and she can be role model for us.
Welcome, madam, on behalf of our college
community.
(Commissioner, Collegiate Education
X´’A Ææ’¨-Gµûª†’ èπÿú≈ ÅçûË ÆæçûÓ-≠æçûÓ Ç£æ…y-
E-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’. Ç¢Á’ ≤ƒCµç-*†N î√™« ÖØ√o®·.
Ç¢Á’ ´’†èπ◊ Çü¿®Ωzç é¬í∫-©ü¿’. ´÷ College
ûª®Ω-°æ¤† O’èπ◊ ≤ƒyí∫ûªç.)
My word of welcome goes next to all the
invitees, distinguished men and women
among them, to this function. We welcome
heartily too, the parents of our students.
(ûª®√yûª Ééπ\-úÕéÀ NîËa-Æœ† Ç£æfi-ûª’-©ç-ü¿-JéÃ,
¢√∞¡x™x NP≠æd ´uèπ◊h©’ èπÿú≈ ÖØ√o®Ω’. ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ ´÷
≤ƒyí∫ûªç. Ééπ\-úÕ-éÌ-*a† Nü∆u-®Ω’n© ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’©èπÿ
´÷ Ç£æ…y†ç.)
Finally a warm word of welcome to our
beloved Principal, learned lecturers and
the student fraternity.
*´-®Ωí¬ ´’† éπ∞«-¨»© v°œEq-°æ-™¸èπ◊, NVc-™„j†
Åüµ∆u-°æ-èπ◊-©èπ◊, ûÓöÀ Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©ç-ü¿-Jéà ≤ƒyí∫ûªç.
Welcome to all, once again. Thank you.
(fraternity v°∂æô-EöÀ– ô ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç) =
1. Ææç°∂‘’-¶µ«´ç/ ≤Úü¿-®Ω-¶µ«´ç.
2. äÍé ´%AhéÀ, ¢√u°æ-é¬-EéÀ îÁçC† ´uèπ◊h©’.
(Teacher fraternity- Ö§ƒ-üµ∆uߪ’ ´%Ah™
Ö†o-¢√∞¡Ÿx.)
Ramachandra:
Thank you, Sadhana. We'll now have the
pleasure of listening to the Principal's
opening remarks as the president of the
function and that will be followed by his
presentation of the college annual report.
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
(É°æ¤púø’ ´’† Æ涵ºèπ◊ Åüµ¿u-éπ~ûª ´£œ«-Ææ’h†o Princi-
pal ûÌL °æ©’-èπ◊©’/ °æJ-îªßª’ ¢√é¬u©’ NØË
Å´-鬨¡ç §Òçü¿-†’Ø√oç. ûª®√yûª éπ∞«-¨»© ¢√J{éπ
E¢Ë-Céπ Ææ´’-Jp-≤ƒh®Ω’.)
☺ ☺ ☺ ☺ ☺ preparation Å´-Ææ®Ωç. Æ涵º/
í∫ûª È®çúø’ lessons ™ spoken English ™ ¶µ«í∫-
´’-®·† compering and conduct of a meeting
(Æ涵ºèπ◊ v°æßÁ÷-éπhí¬ ´u´-£æ«-Jç-îªôç, ü∆Eo E®Ωy-£œ«ç-
îªôç) îªC¢√ç éπü∆. Ñ lesson ™ ÅC continue
îËÆæ’hØ√oç.
[Æ涵º E®Ωy-£æ«ù È®çúø’ Nüµ∆-©’í¬ Öçúø-´îª’a.
1. ´’† lessons ™ îª÷Ææ’h-†oô’x, ¢Á·ûªhç ¢ËC-éπ-O’C
Å稻-©-Eoç-öÀF, EMCEE -ßË’ compere
îËߪ’ôç. Æ涵ºèπ◊ Åüµ¿u-èπ~◊©’ Ö†o-°æp-öÀéÃ, non-
political meetings ™ v°æÆæ’hûªç î√™«-´’-ô’èπ◊,
鬮Ωu-véπ´’ç™E Å稻-©†’, ´®Ω’Ææ v°æ鬮Ωç
N´-Jç*, ¢√öÀéÀ Ææç•çüµ¿ç Ö†o ¢√∞¡x†’ ¢ËCéπ
O’CéÀ °œ©-´ôç, ¢√öÀ-O’ü¿ Ææçü¿-®Ós¥-*ûª ¢√uêu©’
îËÆæ÷h, Ç£æfi-ûª’-©èπ◊ NÆæ’í∫’ °æ¤öÀdç-îª-èπ◊çú≈
Öçîªúøç ™«çöÀ´Fo ¢Á·ûªhç EMCEE/ Compere
Íé ´C-™‰-Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’.
È®çúÓ Nüµ∆†ç: Æ涵º v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº-´’-ßË’u-´-®Ωèπÿ EMCEE/
Compere v°æÆæç-í¬©’ – Åçü¿®Ω’ NP≠æd ÅAü∑¿’©’
stage O’ü¿ èπÿ®Ω’a†o ûª®√yûª, Æ涵«-üµ¿u-èπ~◊-©èπ◊ Ç£æ…y†
°ævûªç™E 鬮Ωu-véπ´’ç ´®ΩÆæ îª÷°œç* Æ涵º†’ E®Ωy-
£œ«ç--î√-©-E éÓ®Ωúøç. Å°æ¤púø’ Åüµ¿u-èπ~◊úø’/ Åüµ¿u-èπ~◊®√©’
(President) †’ 鬮Ωu-véπ-´÷Eo E®Ωy-£œ«ç--î √-©-E
éÓ®Ωúøç. Ñ ûª®√yûª EMCEE éÀ *´-J-´-®Ωèπ◊ °æE
Öçúøü¿’. Åçû√ President îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ö«®Ω’. ÉC
´·êuçí¬ political meetings ïJÍí B®Ω’.
Éçü¿’™ compere §ƒvûª î√™« ûªèπ◊\´.]
É°æ¤úø’ ´’†ç îª÷Ææ’h-†oC compere èπ◊ v§ƒüµ∆†uç
Ö†o Æ涵º. NP≠æd ÅA-ü∑¿’©’ (special guests) ¢ËC-éπ-
°j† èπÿ®Ω’a†o ûª®√yûª, ¢√J-ûÓ-§ƒô’ N’í∫-û√-¢√-JE
èπÿú≈ ≤ƒü¿-®Ωçí¬ Ç£æ…y-Eç-îªúøç Ææçv°æü∆ߪ’ç. É™«
≤ƒyí∫ûªç °æ©-éπôç Welcome address. Ñ Æ涵º™
Nü∆uJn Ææç°∂æ’ ´·êu v°æA-ECµ èπ◊´÷J ≤ƒüµ¿† Ñ
≤ƒyí∫ûÓ°æØ√uÆæç îË≤ÚhçC éπü∆. Welcome address
N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ î√™« ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ Öçú≈L. ¢Á·ü¿öÀ †’ç*
*´J ´®Ωèπÿ v§ƒ´·-êu- ´-®Ω-Ææ™ Ç£æ…y-E≤ƒhç.
-™‰èπ◊ç-õ‰ ŧƒ-®√n©’ éπ©’-í∫’-û√®·. Kumari
Sadhana's Welcome address has this order:
1. Chief Guest
2. Guest of honour
3. Principal
4. Other invitees and parents
5. Lecturers and other students.
Ñ Welcome address èπÿú≈ áçûª variety í¬
Öçõ‰ Åçûª ¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC. Ééπ\úø -´’-†ç ¶«í¬
Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-TçîË ´÷ô©’ Privilege, honour, plea-
sure, joy (ÉC é¬Ææh ûªèπ◊\´), consider/ deem
(°æJ-í∫-ùÀç-îªôç)– ÉN ¢√é¬u™x ᙫ -¢√-ú≈™ îª÷ü∆lç.
1) On behalf of our college community,
a) I consider it/ deem it/ a privilege/ honour
to Welcome the Chief Guest of the
evening, Sir...
b) With immense (ŧƒ-®Ω-¢Á’i†)/ great plea-
sure I Welcome Sir...
c) I find great/ immense pleasure in Wel-
coming Sir...
d) I now have the pleasure/ privilege of
Welcoming Sir...
e) I feel honoured to Welcome Sir...
f) I feel it an honour to Welcome Sir...
É™«ç-öÀ¢Ë é¬èπ◊çú≈ ÉüË ¶µ«¢√Eo Ææ’p¥Jç-
°æ-ñ‰ÊÆ üˆo-®·Ø√ ´’†ç ¢√úø-´îª’a.
´·êuçí¬ Éü¿çû√ public speak-
ing ™ ¶µ«í∫ç 鬕öÀd, î√™«
function v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µ«-EéÀ ´·çüË
鬮Ωu-véπ´’ç ÅEo N´-®√©’, List of
invitees/ in the order of their importance,
important details of the invitees with their cor-
rect names, position etc., thorough í¬ ûÁLÆœ
perfor-
°ô’d-éÓ-´ôç î√™« ´·êuç. ÉüË ´’†
mance Without proper
¶«í¬ ÖçúËô’x îËÆæ’hçC.
preparation, stage O’ü¿ §Ò®Ω-§ƒô’x îËÊÆ Å´-鬨¡ç
Öçô’çC. Stage O’ü¿ *†o §Ò®Ω-§ƒô’x èπÿú≈
ÆæGµèπ◊©èπ◊ °ü¿l-N-í¬ØË éπE°œ≤ƒh®·.
Important: Speak with confidence. ÆæGµ-èπ◊©’
´’†™‰o îª÷Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’. ´’†ç àç ûª°æ¤p îËߪ’-èπÿ-úøü¿’,
ÅØË ¶µ«´ç ÅÆæ-©’ç-úø-èπÿ-úøü¿’.
(ÉüË self consciousness Åçö«®Ω’. ÉC ´C-™‰ÊÆh
´’†ç success.) Speak freely and with ease.
Next, in your Welcome address, while wel-
coming a person, turn your face towards him
and nod your head.
(äéπ-JE Ç£æ…y-EçîËô°æ¤púø’, ¢√∞¡x ¢Áj°æ¤ AJT ûª©
ÇúÕç-îªôç ¶«í¬ Öçô’çC.)
Public Speaking 鬕öÀd î√™« Eü∆-†çí¬, Çí¬-Lq†
îÓô ÇT, Ææp≠ædçí¬ (distinctly) ´÷ö«x-úÕûË î√™«
¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC.
EXERCISE
Practise compering (in English) the birth-
day party of your friend, use the follow-
ing points.
1. Call the gathering to order.
(´*a† ¢√∞¡xç-ü¿-JE ≤ƒ´-üµ∆-†’-©†’ éπ´’t-†ôç.)
(May I have your attention, please etc.,)
2. Reminding the invitees of the occasion.
(Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo í∫’®Ω’h îËߪ’úøç.)
(Begin: 'My dear friends, We are here to
celebrate ...
™«çöÀ ´÷ô-©ûÓ)
3. Welcome all of the invitees.
4. Express your best wishes to your friend on
behalf of all the invitees.
5. Blowing of the candles, cake cutting.
6. Entertainment and refreshment.
late
-v°æ-¨¡o: îªE-§Ú-®·† ´uèπ◊h© Ê°®Ω’ ´·ç-ü¿’
¢√úøû√ç éπü∆! late ûª®√yûª Mr./ Mrs.
¢√ú≈™«,™‰ü∆ late ûª®√yûª Ê°®Ω’
¢√ú≈™«?
- V. S. Murthy, e-mail.
ï-¢√-•’: After late, Mr/ Mrs/ Sri is not
used, but 'the' must be used
before 'late'. (The late NT
Rama Rao)
-v°æ-¨¡o: I would like to know, is there any sim-
ple good course book for English
speaking course. If it is, where can I
get it?
- Ramanarasaiah, e-mail.
ï-¢√-•’: You will find, 'Living English struc-
ture' by Stannard Allen, a very use-
ful book. It is very helpful for learn-
ers.
2
-v°æ-¨¡o:
1. What is meant by adverb?
2. What is the meaning of contemptuous?
-– Ç®˝. Ææ-G-ûª, £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
ï-¢√-•’:
1. Adverb modifies a verb. Verb subject
îËÊÆ -°æE-E ûÁ©’°æ¤-ûª’çC. Ç °æE ᙫ/ à
¢Ë’-®Ωèπ◊ ïJ-TçC ÅØË -ûÁ-LÊ° °æü¿ç adverb.
He walked slowly (Åûª† ’ Eü∆-†çí¬
†úÕ-î√úø’)– Ééπ\úø verb, walked = †úÕ-î√úø’.
ᙫ †úÕ-î√úø’? Answer: Slowly (Eü∆-†çí¬)
鬕öÀd slowly ÅØËC adverb. Verb èπ◊ ᙫ?
(how) ÅE v°æ¨¡o ¢ËÆæ’èπ◊çõ‰ ´îËa -ï-¢√-¶‰
adverb.
He ran fast -
(How did he run?)
ᙫ °æ®Ω’-Èí-û√húø’?
Answer: Fast. So 'fast' is the adverb here.
2. (á´-È®j oØ√/ üËØÁj oØ√) ûªèπ◊\-´ ¶µ«´çûÓ/
ÅÆæ-£æ«uçûÓ îª÷ÊÆ/ ®Óûªí¬ ÅÆæ-£œ«uç--éÌØË ÅE.
The whites were contemptuous of the
blacks =
†©x-¢√-∞¡x-°æôx ûÁ©x-¢√∞¡Ÿx ÅÆæ-£æ«u-¶µ«-´çûÓ
ÖçúË-¢√∞¡Ÿx.
She is contemptuous of whatever I do =
ØËØËç-îË-ÆœØ√ Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ÅÆæ£æ«uç.
He is contemptuous of cricket =
véÀÈé-ö¸ Åçõ‰- Åûª-úÕéÀ -ÅÆæ£æ«uç.
-v°æ-¨¡o: In spite of Åçõ‰- -à-N’-öÀ? -D-Eo -á°æ¤p-úø’
-¢√-úø-û√®Ω’? -Ö-ü∆£æ«®Ω-ù-©’ -É-´yç-úÕ.
- Y. Sudhakar, e-mail
ï-¢√-•’:
In spite of =
Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÀ.
a) Inspite of her treatment by a good doc-
tor, she died.
(´’ç* -ú≈éπd®˝ ¢Ájü¿uç îËÆœ-†-°æp-öÀéÃ, Ç¢Á’ îªE-
§Ú-®·çC.)
b) Inspite of her beauty, she is modest.
(Åçü¿ç Ö†o-°æp-öÀéÃ, Ç¢Á’ Eí∫Jy.)
c) Inspite of his starting late, he was able
to catch the train. (
Ç©-Ææuçí¬ •ßª’-©’-üË-J-
†-°æp-öÀéÃ, -võ„i-Ø˛ Åçü¿’-éÓ-í∫-Lí¬úø’.)
Inspite of ûª®√yûª á°æ¤púø÷, noun í¬-F [sen-
tence (a) and (b)], 'ing' form í¬-F (sentence
c) ´Ææ’hçC. Inspite of = though.
-v°æ-¨¡o:
1. -O-öÀ-E -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ-™ -á-™« -îÁ-§ƒp-L?
i) Å-ûª-úø’ -îË®·ç-î√-úø’.
ii) -Å-ûª-úø’ -†-†’o -îË-ߪ’-´’-Ø√o-úø’.
iii) -Å-ûª-úÕ -•-ü¿’-©’ -†-†’o -¢Á-∞¡x-´’-Ø√o-úø’.
2. as- as -É-™« -á-Eo °æ-ü∆-©’-Ø√o®·? -Ö-ü∆:
as long as, as much as, as soon as.
-´’-JéÌ-Eo -Ö-ü∆£æ«®Ω-ù-©-ûÓ -N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’.
– Èé.Ææ’-üµ∆éπ®˝®√-´¤, -´’-†’-¶-©’
ï-¢√-•’:
1. i) He got it/ had it done.
ii) He asked me to do it.
iii) He wanted me to go instead of him.
2. ´’†ç ûÁ-L-ߪ’°æ®Ω-î√-©-†’-èπ◊†o ¶µ«¢√Eo •öÀd,
'as - as'
¢√úÕ áEo phrase -™„jØ√ ¢√úø-´îª’a.
eg: As late as; as recently as, as early
as, as many as, etc.
- M. SURESAN
-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 6 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2007
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 269
Ramachandra (EMCEE / Compere):
That was Kumari Sadhana welcoming the
guests of the evening.
Now We'll have president of the evening's
function, our principal making his opening
remarks. It will then be followed by his pre-
sentation of the college annual report.
(É°æpöÀ ´®Ωèπ◊ Ç£æfi-ûª’-©èπ◊ èπ◊´÷J ≤ƒüµ¿†
Ç£æ…y†ç °æL-éÀçC. É°æ¤púø’ Ñ Æ涵ºèπ◊ Åüµ¿u-èπ~◊-
™„j† ´’† -v°œ-Eq°æ-™¸ ûÌL °æ©’-èπ◊©’ Öçö«®·. Ç
ûª®√yûª éπ∞«-¨»© ¢√J{éπ E¢Ë-Céπ†’ Çߪ’† Ææ´’-Jp-
≤ƒh®Ω’)
After the Principals opening remarks fol-
TO RISE HIGH IN LIFE...
lowed by college report.
(v°œ-Eq°æ-™¸ Ö-°æ-Ø√uÆæç Å-ߪ÷uéπ ûª®√yûª é¬-™‰-ñ ¸ -
J-§Ú®˝d Öç-ô’ç-C)
Ramachandra:
You've just heard the principal presenting
the college report. The college has made a
good progress with several of the students
shining in different fields.
(v°œEq-°æ-™¸- E¢Ë-Céπ NØ√oç; Nü∆u-®Ω’n©’ NNüµ¿
®Ωçí¬™x ≤ƒ-Cµç-*-† °∂æ-L-û√-©’ éπ∞«-¨»©-†’ v°æí∫-A-¶«-ô-
™ °æ-ߪ’-Eç-îª-ú≈-EéÀ -ûÓ-úøp-ú≈f®·.) ûª®√yA Å稡ç.
Ramachandra:
Now, on to our next item - the introduction
of the chief guest by the vice president of
the students' society Mallikarjun.
(éπ∞«-¨»© Nü∆uJn Ææç°∂æ’ Ö§ƒ-üµ¿u-èπ~◊úø’ ´’Lx-é¬-®Ω’Øb ˛
´·êu-Å-A-C∑-E ÆæGµ-èπ◊-©èπ◊ °æJ-îªßª’ç îË≤ƒhúø’.)
over to Mallikarjun.
After the introduction of the chief guest
(´·êu ÅAC∑ °æJ-îªßª’ç ûª®√yûª)
Ramachandra:
Well, we've seen from Mallikarjun's intro-
duction that we are very fortunate to have
in our midst this evening, a very great man,
indeed one who can inspire us to rise high
in life. Without further delay let's have his
message. We invite you sir, (Vice chancel-
lor, Dr Vidyadhik of National University).
looking forward your message.
(Ñ ≤ƒßª’çvûªç ´·êu-Å-A-C∑í¬ ´’†- ´’-üµ¿u-†’†o
´uéÀh áçûª íÌ°æp-¢√®Ó ´’-Lx鬮Ω’b-Ø˛ °æJ-îªßª’ç- ü∆y®√
ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç. ÉçÍéç Ç©Ææuç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ Çߪ’†
ÆæçüË-¨»Eo -´’-†ç Nçü∆ç. O’ ÆæçüË-¨¡ç éÓÆæç
-á-ü¿’®Ω’ îª÷Ææ÷h, ´’Sx N’´’tLo Ç£æ…y-E-Ææ’hØ√oç)
After the chief guest's address
(´·êu-Å-AC∑ Ö°æ-Ø√uÆæç ûª®√yûª)
Ramachandra:
That was really an inspiring speech by the
chief guest. It's a rare privilege to have lis-
tened to such words. May I on behalf of my
student friends assure you, sir, we will try
our best to put into practice your valuable
message.Thank you again and again, sir.
(´·êu-Å-A-C∑ Ö°æ-Ø√uÆæç î√-™« vÊ°®Ωù éπL_çîËCí¬
ÖçC. -É™«çöÀ ´÷ô©’ N-ØË Å´-鬨¡ç î√-™«
Å®Ω’-ü¿’í¬ -´Ææ’hç-C. O’ ÆæçüË-¨»Eo Çîª-®Ω-ù™ °ôd-
ú≈-EéÀ ´÷ ¨»ßª’-¨¡-èπ◊h™« éπ%≠œ-îË-≤ƒh-´’-E ´÷ Nü∆u-
®Ω’n© ûª®Ω-°æ¤† ؈’ £æ…O’ ÉÆæ’h-Ø√o†’. O’èπ◊ ´÷
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
üµ¿†u¢√ü∆©’)
Prize distribution - that is what is to follow
now, my dear friends. Students who have
shown their merit in various fields will now
have the rare honour of receiving their
prizes from the Guest of Honour, Smt
Susobhita, Commissioner, Collegiate edu-
cation.
(-D-E -ûª®√y-ûª •£æ›-´’A v°æü∆†ç -Öç-ô’ç-C. N’vûª’-
™«®√, NNüµ¿ ®Ωçí¬™x ûª´’ v°æA-¶µº†’ v°æü¿-Jzç-*†
Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©èπ◊, X´’A Ææ’¨-Gµûª, Commissioner,
Collegiate education, •£æ›-´ ’A v°æü∆†ç
îË≤ƒh®Ω’.
Susmita and Sekhar will read out the prize
list. alternately.
(Ææ’Æœtûª-, ¨Ï-ê®˝, äéπJ -ûª®√y-ûª äéπ®Ω’ prizelist
îªü¿’-´¤-û√®Ω’.)
After the prize distribution
(•£æ›-´’-A v°æü∆†ç ûª®√yûª)
Ramachandra:
Thank you - very much, Madam, for having
taken the trouble to give away as many as
140 prizes both academic and sports. That
must have been a strain- giving away 140
prizes, but we could n't help it as that only
shows such a large number of achievers.
(-¢Ë’-úø-¢˛’, Nü¿u, véÃúø©èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*-† -Å-Eo -•£æ›-
´’-ûª’-©’ -É-*a-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ -O’èπ◊ -üµ¿-†u-¢√-ü∆-©’. 140
•£æ›-´’-ûª’-L-´yôç O’èπ◊ î√™« v¨¡¢Ë’ Åߪ·uç-
ú≈L. é¬E ûª°æpü¿’. áçûª-´’çC v°æA-¶µ«-´ç-
ûª’©’Ø√o®Ó -Ñ Ææç-ë‰u ûÁ-©’°æ¤ûÓçC)
Now follows vote of thanks - to be pro-
posed by the Secretary of the Students
Society- Niranjan.
(É°æ¤púø’ Nü∆uJn Ææç°∂æ’ é¬®Ωu-ü¿Jz E®Ωç-ïØ˛ ´çü¿†
Ææ´’-®Ωpù -Öç-ô’ç-C)
◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗
°j v°Ææ çæ í∫ç Åçû√ ´’†ç í∫ûª éÌEo lessons ™
îª÷Ææ’h†o Compering Continuation °jØ- Ë Ö- ç-C- .
✻ Nü∆uJn Ææç°∂æ’ Åüµ¿u-èπ~◊-®√-©’ '≤ƒüµ¿†— ≤ƒyí∫-ûÓ-°æ-Ø√uÆæç
ûª®√yûª, President's Opening remarks- Åüµ¿uèπ~◊-
úÕ -ûÌL °æ©’-èπ◊©’– Öçö«®·.
✻ Principals annual report, ü∆E ¢Áç•úË Prize
Distribution, Öç-ô’ç-C. Ç- ûª®√yûª Vote of
thanks- Æ涵« 鬮Ωu-véπ-´’ç™ ´÷´‚-©’í¬ ÉD
´®ΩÆæ.
✻ (Å®·ûË äéÓ\-éπ°æ¤púø’ vote of thanks èπ◊ ´·çü¿’
President's closing remarks Öçö«®·. é¬F
College functions ™ ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ωùçí¬ ÉC
Öçúøü¿’)
✻ Ñ -´®ΩÆæ -véπ´ ’ç announce îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’,
Compere, the next item on the programme
is, ÅE ´÷®Ω’p ™‰èπ◊çú≈ v°æA-≤ƒK Å™« Åçô’çõ‰
vÊ°éπ~-èπ◊-©èπ◊ NÆæ’-í∫-E-°œç-îªúøç Ææ£æ«ïç.
✻ Åçü¿’-éπE v°æA Å稻Fo announce îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’,
¢ËÍ® Nüµ¿çí¬ announce îËÊÆh î√™« ¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC
éπü∆. ü∆çûÓ-§ƒô’ Åéπ\-úø Ææçü¿®√s¥-†’≤ƒ®Ωç Å°æp-
öÀ-éπ-°æ¤púø’ ÆæJ-§ÚßË’ ´÷ô©’, Å°æp-öÀ-éπ-°æ¤púø’
Ü£œ«ç--éÌE extemporize (áé˙qõ„ç§ÚÈ®jñ ¸– ñ¸,
size ™ z™«) îËÊÆh î√™« Åçü¿çí¬ Öçô’çC.
✻ Extemporize: îËߪ’-í∫-©-úøç (Ææçü¿-®√s¥-EéÀ
ûªT-†-ô’x -Å°æp-öÀéπ°æ¤p-úø’ ņ’-éÌE °jéÀ-îÁ-°æpôç)
Compering †’ î√™«-- Çéπ-®Ω{-ùÃ-ߪ’çí¬ îËÆæ’hçC.
The next item on the programme Å-E -v°æ-A≤ƒ-J
-Å-†-úøç v-Ê°éπ~-èπ◊-©-èπ◊ NÆæ’í∫’- ûÁ°œpÆæ’hç-C. -vÊ°éπ~èπ◊-™x -Ö-
û√q£æ…-Eo -EçÊ°- variety í¬ -Öç-úË
éÀçC expressions ¢√úø-´îª’a.
a) What follows next is the
president's opening
remarks
(ûª®√yûª ´îËa-üËç-ôçõ‰...)
b) We are now going to be treated to a won-
derful speech by Sri/Smt... =
(X/X-´’A... ûª´’ ÅîÁa-®Ω’´¤ éπL_çîË Ö°æ-Ø√u-ÆæçûÓ
´’†èπ◊ Nçü¿’ -îË-ߪ’-†’-Ø√o®Ω’)
(are going to be treated to = Nçü¿’ É´y-•-úø-
¶-ûª’Ø√oç. ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’-™ 'Nçü¿’-§Òç-ü¿-
†’Ø√oç— -Å-E -Åç-ö«ç)
(treat= Nçü¿’. ¢Ájü¿uç îË-ߪ’-úøç -Å-ØË -Å®Ωnç-™  -D-Eo
áèπ◊\-´í¬ -¢√-úø-û√®Ω’. äéπ-J-°æôx ´’†ç îª÷°œçîË Çü¿-
®√-Gµ-´÷-Ø√©’, etc.)
c) Here's what we've been looking forward
to/waiting anxiously all along the chief
Guest' address =
´’†ç Éçûª-ÊÆ°æ‹ Ç-vûª’-ûªûÓ áü¿’-®Ω’-îª÷-Ææ’h-†o -´·êu-
Å-AC∑ Ö°æ-Ø√uÆæç -É°æ¤púø’ N-†-¶-ûª’Ø√oç)
d) May I now request Sri/Smt... to inspire us
with his / her message, etc., =
(
ûª´’ ÆæçüË-¨¡ç™ ´÷èπ◊ Ææ÷p¥Jh éπL_ç-î√-Lqç-Cí¬
Sri/Smt... éÓ®Ω’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’.)
É™« ´’† Ü£æ…-¨¡-éÀh-E-/ -´’-†-èπ◊†o vocabulary - -
Ç-üµ∆®Ωçí¬, áçûª-¢Áj-N-üµ¿uçûÓ (variety)ØÁjØ√ com-
pere îËߪ’-´îª’a. O’èπ◊ Compere îËÊÆ Å´-鬨¡ç
™‰èπ◊çõ‰ O’ Éçöx Åü¿lç ´·çü¿’ äéπ event †’
Ü£œ«ç--éÌE comparing Gí∫_-®Ωí¬ practice
îËߪ’ç-úÕ. ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ O’®Ω÷ ´’ç* compere Å´¤-
û√®Ω’ .
Exercise:
´÷´‚©’ Ææ´÷-¢Ë-¨»™x *´J Å稡ç vote of
thanks. -D-E-E -ûÁ-©’í∫’-™  ´çü¿† Ææ´’-®Ωpù -Åç-ö«ç.
Ææ´÷-¢Ë-¨»-EéÀ ´*a† ¢√®Ωç-ü¿-JéÃ, Ææ´÷-¢Ë¨¡ Nï-ߪ’-é¬-®Ω- Structure of the sentence
èπ◊-™„j† ¢√Jéà éπ%ûª-ïc-ûª©’ ûÁ-©°æ-úøç.
✓ O’®Ω’ college students' union Subject
Secretary í¬ Ü£œ«ç--èπ◊E They have been
îÁ°æpçúÕ. She
Ææ÷îª-†©’:
1) áèπ◊\´ v§ƒ´·êuç Ö†o ´uéÀhéÀ She
´·çü¿÷, Å-A ûªèπ◊\´
v§ƒ´·êuç Ö†o ¢√JéÀ *´®Ω Miss must have been able
thanks - Ç ´-®ΩÆæ véπ´’ç™ –
Savithri
Åûªuçûª v§ƒ´·êuç †’ç*
Åûªu©p v§ƒ´·--ë«u-EéÀ ®√¢√L.
2) ´çü¿† Ææ´’-®Ωpù (vote of thanks)
Ñ ¢√é¬u-©ûÓ English™ É™« v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-
îªçúÕ,
''´çü¿† Ææ´’-®Ωpù îËÊÆ Å´-鬨¡ç Ø√èπ◊ ´*a-
†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ áçûÓ ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ÖçC/--É-C Ø√-éÀ-
*a† íı®Ω´ç ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’——–
(I find it/feel it/deem it a great pleasure
to...)
´çü¿† Ææ´’-®Ωpù îËߪ’ôç = propose/offer
a vote of thanks.
3) éπ∞«-¨»© Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©’, Åüµ∆u-°æ-èπ◊-©’, ߪ÷ï-´÷†uç
-Ø√ -ûª®Ω°æ¤-† ¢Á·ôd-¢Á·-ü¿-öÀí¬ ´’† ´·êu- Å-AC∑
(Ê°®Ω’, £æ«Ùü∆ îÁ°æpçúÕ) éÀ éπ%ûª-ïc-ûª©’.
4) Ñ-Ø√-öÀ guest of honour X´’A ...èπ◊ éπ%ûª-
ïc-ûª©’
É™« Ææ´÷-¢Ë¨¡ç Nï--ߪ’-´ç-ûªç -îËÆœ-†-¢√®Ωç-ü¿®Ω÷
´îËa-™« English ™ vote of thanks îÁ°æpçúÕ, .
2
v°æ¨¡o:
1. They have been able to solve the problem.
Structure: have been able to + p.v.
2. She might have been able to get their
support.
Structure: might have been able to + p.v.
3. She must have been able to prove them
wrong.
4. Miss Savitri must have been able to incite
him to cause harm to his reputation.
Structure: Must have been able to + p.v.
I have doubts in the above sentences struc-
ture. Please clarify.
S. Mohinuddin, Kurnool
-ï-¢√-•’:
i) The part 'have been to solve the problem''
of sentence No - 1 is NOT in the structure.
'have been able to P.V. (passive).
Here, the division of the sentence should be,
'have been able + to solve + the problem. 'to
solve' should be taken as a single unit,
because 'to solve (to + 1st Regular doing
word) is an infinitive.
So the structure of 'have been able to solve
the problem' is: Have been (verb) + able
(adjective) + to solve (infinitive) + the prob-
lem (noun/object).
No part of the expression here is in passive
voice. Only an expression with a 'be' form +
past participle (is done, has been given, are
seen etc) is in the passive voice. Same
applies to your other sentences No. 2, 3 & 4.
This is the structure.
Verb adjective infinitive noun etc
able to solve the problem
might able to get their support
have been
must able to prove them wrong
have been
to incite him to cause
harm to them
You see none of your sentences or part of
them are in passive voice (PV)
v°æ¨¡o:
1. After a three day strike, the manage-
ment has accepted the workers
demands. °j ¢√éπuç™ three days ÅE
•£æ›-´-îª†ç ®√ߪ’-èπÿ-úøü∆? N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.
T. Sridevi, Dhulipudi
-ï-¢√-•’: ´‚úø’ ®ÓV© Ææ¢Á’t– a three day strike/
three days' strike-Ñ È®çúø÷ correct.
a) The College reopened after a 15 day holi-
day = The college reopened after 15 days'
holiday = after 15 days of holidays.
b) The three day conference ended today =
The three days' conference ended today.
- M. SURESAN
í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 8 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2007
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 270
Ramachandra (Compere/ EMCEE):
(After the prize distribution)
Thank you again and again, Madam, for giv-
ing away so many prizes. We know it was a
trouble for you standing all the time. Our prize
winners, however, will never forget this hon-
our of receiving the prizes from you.
(O’èπ◊ ´’Sx ´’Sx thanks, ÅEo •£æ›-´’ûª’L*a-†ç-
ü¿’èπ◊. Åçûª-ÊÆ°æ¤ E©’-îÓ-´úøç O’Èéçûª v¨¡¢Á÷ ´÷èπ◊
ûÁ©’Ææ’, é¬E ´÷ Nü∆u-®Ω’n©’ O’ †’ç* •£æ›-´’-ûª’-
©ç-ü¿’-èπ◊ØË ¶µ«í∫uç á°æp-öÀéà ´’®Ω-*-§Ú®Ω’.)
We won't keep the guests of honour for long.
Now the Vote of thanks to be proposed by the
Secretary of the students' society, Jayanth.
Over to Jayanth.
Our sincere appreciation of ..
(´’† NP≠æd ÅAü∑¿’©†’ áèπ◊\-´-ÊÆ°æ¤ Öçîª-¶-´-ôç-
™‰ü¿’. Nü∆uJn Ææç°∂æ’ é¬®Ωu-ü¿Jz ïߪ’çû˝ É°æ¤púø’
´çü¿† Ææ´’-®Ωpù îË≤ƒhúø’.)
Jayanth:
I find great pleasure in proposing this vote of
thanks.
On behalf of our college community and on
my behalf I thank from the bottom of my
heart, our Chief Guest, Dr Vidhyadhik, Vice
Chancellor, National University who has
graced the occasion with his presence. We
are certainly aware how busy he is. Inspite of
it he has agreed to come down here, that cer-
tainly is a great favour from him. I, also
assure you sir, on behalf of my student frater-
nity here that we will certainly do our best to
put in practice your valuable message.
(Ñ ´çü¿† Ææ´’-®Ωpù îËߪ’ôç Ø√ÈéçûÓ ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬
ÖçC. ´’† ´·êu-Å-AC∑ Ééπ\-úÕéÀ NîËaÆœ, Ñ Ææçü¿-®√s¥-
E-ÈéçûÓ ´ØÁo ûÁ*a-†ç-ü¿’-èπ◊-í¬†÷, ´÷ éπ∞«-¨»-©-™E
Åçü¿J ûª®Ω-°∂æ¤Ø√, Ø√ ûª®Ω-°∂æ¤Ø√ £æ«%ü¿ßª÷çûª®√© †’ç*
üµ¿†u-¢√-ü∆©’ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’. Çߪ’† N©’-¢Áj† ÆæçüË-
¨»Eo ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ Å´’-©’-°æ-®Ω-îª-ö«-EéÀ ¢Ë’ç ¨»ßª’-¨¡-èπ◊h™«
éπ%≠œ-îË-≤ƒh-´’E Ø√ ≤Úü¿®Ω Nü∆u-®Ω’n© ûª®Ω-°∂椆, Ø√ ûª®Ω-
°∂æ¤Ø√ £æ…O’ ÉÆæ’h-Ø√o†’.)
Our sincere thanks also go to our guest of
honour Smt Susobhita, Commissioner,
Collegiate education, for having done us the
honour of giving away the prizes. We certain-
ly appreciate, madam, your agreeing readily
to be here, in spite of your busy schedule.
(éπ∞«-¨»© Nü∆u commissioner, Smt Ææ’¨-Gµûª
•£æ›-´’A v°æü∆†ç îËߪ’ôç ´÷èπ◊ î√™« íı®Ω-´-v°æ-ü¿-
¢Á’i† N≠æߪ’ç, Åçü¿’-éπE ¢√JéÀ ´÷ éπ%ûª-ïc-ûª©’. BJ-
éπ-™‰E 鬮Ωu-véπ-´÷-©’-†o-°æp-öÀéÃ, ¢Ë’´· Ç£æ…yEç*†
¢ÁçôØË Ééπ\-úÕéÀ O’®Ω’ ®√´-ö«Eo ¢Ë’ç £æ«J{-Ææ’hØ√oç.)
Our other invitees, distinguished citizens of
the city, and that includes the parents deserve
our thanks next. Their presence here has cer-
tainly made the occasion grand and we sin-
cerely thank all of them.
(´÷ Ç£æfi-ûª’©’, †í∫-®Ωç-™E NP≠æd ´uèπ◊h©’ –
¢√J™ ´÷ Nü∆u-®Ω’n© ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’©’ èπÿú≈ ÖØ√o®Ω’.
¢√Rx-éπ\-úÕéÀ NîËaÆœ Ñ Ææçü¿-®√s¥-EéÀ íÌ°æpü¿Ø√Eo
ûÁî√a®Ω’. ¢√JéÀ ´÷ éπ%ûª-ïc-ûª©’.)
deserve = Å®Ω|ûª éπLT Öçúøôç
Our thanks also to our beloved principal and
the lecturers of the college. Their guidance
and co operation at every stage was very
valuable.
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
(ûª®√yûª ´÷ ÅGµ-´÷† principal èπ◊, lecturers
èπÿ éπ%ûª-ïc-ûª©’. ¢√J Ææ£æ«-鬮Ωç î√™« Å´‚-©u-
¢Á’içC.)
The student volunteers have done a wonder-
ful job organising the whole show. Our thanks
to them too.
(Nü∆uJn volunteers Ñ ¢Ëúø’-éπ†’ E®Ωy-Jhç-îª-úøç™
î√™« íÌ°æp-ÊÆ¢Ë î˨»®Ω’. ¢√Jéà ´÷ éπ%ûª-ïc-ûª©’.)
We appreciate the services of the public
address system for the neat job that it has
turned out to be. So our thanks to Biggara
mike systems.
(Mike system î√™« ¶«í¬ °æE-îË-Æœ-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ´÷èπ◊
ÆæçûÓ≠æç. ¢√öÀE Å´’-Ja† Gí∫_®Ω mike systems èπ◊
´÷ üµ¿†u-¢√-ü∆©’.)
Finally our thanks to all the students of the
college for their part in making the function a
grand success.
(*´-Jí¬ Ñ Ææç•®Ωç Nï-ߪ’ç™ §ƒ©’-°æç--èπ◊†o
Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©ç-ü¿-Jéà üµ¿†u-¢√-ü∆©’.)
☺ ☺ ☺ ☺
Compering ™E ¢Á’∞¡-èπ◊-´©’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç
´’†ç. Meeting ™E *´®Ω Å稡-¢Á’i† Vote of
thanks (´çü¿† Ææ´’-®Ωpù) ᙫ Öçô’çüÓ îª÷¨»ç
éπü∆. Å®·ûË ´çü¿† Ææ´’-®Ωpù ÅØËC compere îËÊÆ
°æE-é¬ü¿’. ÆæçÆænèπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† ´·ê’u-™„-´-È®jØ√
îË≤ƒh®Ω’. éπ∞«-¨»© N≠æ-ߪ÷-E-éÌÊÆh Nü∆uJn Ææç°∂æ’ é¬®Ωu-ü¿Jz
(Secretary)í¬F, Ææçߪ·éπh 鬮Ωu-ü¿Jz (Joint
Secretary) í¬F îË≤ƒh®Ω’.
éÀçü¿öÀ lesson ™ exercise èπ◊, Ñ lesson ™
É*a† Vote of thanks, model í¬ BÆæ’-éÓ-´îª’a. É¢Ë
°æü∆©’, É¢Ë ¢√é¬u-©ûÓ ûÁ©-§ƒ-©E ™‰ü¿’. ´’† Ü£æ…-
¨¡-éÀhE Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç*, áçûª variety îª÷°œç-*-í∫-L-TûË
Åçûª ¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC. Vote of thanks Æ涵º-™E *´J
Å稡ç. Åçü¿®Ω÷ ¢ÁRx-§ÚßË’ mood ™ Öçö«®Ω’.
Åçü¿’-éπE Vote of thanks †’ ÇÆæ-éÀh-éπ-®Ωçí¬ îËߪ’-úøç-
™ØË Öçô’çC ´’† v°æûËu-éπûª. Åçü¿’-éπE Ê°®Ω’,
Ê°®Ω’Ø√ thanks îÁ•’ûª÷, ¢√JE à °æE îËߪ’-ö«-EéÀ
´’†ç Ç£æ…y-Eç-î√¢Á÷, Ç °æE ¢√∞¡Ÿx ¶«í¬ E®Ωy-£œ«ç-*-
†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ thanks ÅE îÁ°æpôç, Vote of thanks †’
effective í¬ îËÆæ’hçC.
Thanks ÅØË ´÷ô, ´÷öÀ-´÷-öÀéÀ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç*,
bore éÌôdèπ◊çú≈ thanks •ü¿’©’ ´’†ç ¢√úø-í∫-L-T†
Éûª®Ω expressions:
OöÀE í∫’®Ω’hç--éÌE, ¢ÁjNüµ¿uç éÓÆæç ¢√úøçúÕ.
1) I/ We thank Sri/ Smt ...
2) Our thanks are also due to ...
3) Our thanks go to ...
4) Our sincere appreciation of Sri/ Smt ... for
his/ her ...
(¢√®Ω’ ´’†èπ◊ îËÆœ† N≠æߪ’ç)
5) We are grateful to Sri/ Smt ...
(grateful = éπ%ûª-ïcûª éπLT Öçúøôç)
6) Our sincere gratitude to/ We express our
gratitute to Sri/ Smt ... (gratitude = éπ%ûª-ïcûª)
7) We are deeply obliged to Sri/ Smt ...
(obliged = grateful = éπ%ûª-ïcûª éπLT Öçúøôç)
8) We appreciate the services of ... (appreci-
ate = ÆæçûÓ≠æç ûÁ©-°æúøç)
9) Our deep debt of gratitude to Sri/ Smt ...
(debt of gratitude = éπ%ûª-ïcû√ ®Ω’ùç)
10) Words cannot express our gratitude to ...
(¢√J-°æôx ´÷èπ◊†o éπ%ûª-ïcûª ´÷ ´÷ô©’ ûÁ©-°æ-™‰´¤)
É™« Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥-¨¡ŸCl¥í¬ á†o-®·Ø√ îÁ°æp-´îª’a.
Lesson no 268 ™ O’èπ◊ É*a† exercise O’
friend birthday party E compere îËߪ’-´’E. ÅC
O’®Ω’ practice îËÆœ Öçõ‰ O’ Ææ´÷-üµ∆-Ø√Eo §ÚLa
îª÷Ææ’-éÓçúÕ.
Compere:
Hi guys and gals/ every body,
good evening. Welcome to our
buddy Viswanath's birthday.
He is 22 years young today.
We are partying on the occa-
sion. Let's us all make merry.
(Birthday party ÅØËC ´·êuçí¬ ßª·´B
ߪ·´-èπ◊© N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ î√™« informal í¬ Öçô’ç-ü¿-
ØËC ûÁ©’Ææ’. Åçü¿’™ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ Ææ´’-´-ߪ’-Ææ’\-©’-í¬ØË
Öçúøôç ´©x î√™« ’-´¤ûÓ î√™« Ææ®Ω-ü∆í¬
Öçúø-´îª’a.)
Guys = ´’í∫-¢√∞¡Ÿx – informal.
Gals = Çúø-°œ-©x©’ – informal.
Friends, Ñ®ÓV ´’† friend Viswanath °æ¤öÀd-†-
®ÓV. Åûªúø’ Ñ¢Ë∞¡ 22 Ææç´-ûªq-®√© *†o ´ßª’Ææ’ –
´’†ç Ñ Ææçü¿®Ωs¥çí¬ Party E®Ωy-£œ«ç--èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç.
Ææ®Ω-ü∆í¬ í∫úø’-°æ¤ü∆ç.
(´÷´‚©’í¬ á´J ´ßª’-Ææ-®·Ø√ îÁÊ°p-ô-°æ¤púø’ 20
years old Å™« Åçö«ç. é¬F É™«çöÀ Ææ®Ωü∆ Ææ´’-
ߪ÷™x 22 years young Åçö«ç)
(merry - Ææ®Ω-ü∆í¬)
Now that all our pals are here let's begin.
Viswanath will now blow off the candles, and
let's all sing 'Happy birthday to you'. So the
candles are out now. Slice the cake
Viswanath.
(´’† N’vûª’-©ç-ü¿®Ωç ÖØ√oç éπü∆. v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµü∆lç. N¨¡y-
Ø√ü∑˛ éÌ¢Ìy-ûª’h-©†’ ÜüË-≤ƒhúø’. ´’†ç Happy birth
day to you §ƒúøü∆ç. éÌ´¤y-ûª’h-™«-J-§Ú-ߪ÷-®·-°æ¤púø’.
N¨¡y-Ø√ü∑˛, cake †’ cut îÁß˝’.)
Let us have a slice of cake each, and have a
drink. To the health of our dear Viswanath. On
your behalf, pals, and on behalf of our elders
here, I wish our beloved Viswanath, a very
happy birthday and many returns of the
same. May he give us many many more par-
ties.
(´’†´‚ Açü∆ç cake ´·éπ\. Ç ûª®√yûª drink
BÆæ’èπ◊çü∆ç. Åçû√ N¨¡y-Ø√ü∑˛ Ç®Óí∫uç éÓÆæç.
(English ™ Ææçv°æ-ü∆ߪ’ç– äéπJ Ç®Ó-í∫uç-éÓÆæç
´’†ç û√í∫’ü∆ç §ƒF-ߪ÷©’.) ´’† ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’-©ç-ü¿J
ûª®Ω-°∂椆, Ééπ\-úø’†o °ü¿l-¢√J ûª®Ω-°∂椆, N¨¡y-Ø√ü∑˛èπ◊
happy birthday, É™«çöÀ ®ÓV ´’S} ´’S} ®√¢√-©E
éÓ®Ω’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç/ éÓ®Ωü∆ç. É™«í¬ Party L¢√y-©E
éÓ®Ω’-èπ◊çü∆ç.)
Let's have some fun, friends. I'm sure
Gayathri will give us a song. Gayathri- come
on, you song.
(éÌçûª NØÓü¿ç §Òçü¿’ü∆ç. í¬ßª’vA §ƒúø’-ûª’ç-ü¿E
Ø√ †´’téπç. í¬ßª’vA F §ƒô NE-°œç.)
É™« item ûª®√yûª item î√™« informal í¬
announce îËÆæ÷h ¢Á∞ Ô}a.
EXERCISE
Ñ birth day party ´·Tç-îª-ú≈Eo compere
îËߪ’úøç practice îËߪ’çúÕ. English ™ Gí∫_-®Ωí¬
Ñ éÀçC Ææ÷îª-†©’ ¢√úøçúÕ.
1) Well, that's the end of
2) That brings to a close
3) That concludes
4) One more item and that is, etc.
í∫´’-Eéπ: Birthday party îËÆæ’-èπ◊-ØË-¢√®Ω’ dinner
èπÿú≈ ÉîËa-ôx-®·ûË, ´’üµ¿u-´’-üµ¿u™ compere,
Ç£æfi-ûª’-©èπ◊ dinner í∫’®Ω’h-îËÆœ, ûª°æpèπ◊çú≈
dinner BÆæ’-èπ◊E ¢Á∞«}-©E îÁ•’-ûª’ç-ú≈L.
ÉD practice îËߪ’çúÕ.
2
v°æ¨¡o: i) Question tags ™ I am writing a letter
èπ◊ Ain't I ? ÅE îÁ§ƒpL. é¬E, Aren't I?
ÅE îÁ•’-û√-È®ç-ü¿’èπ◊? N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.
ii) ÉçTx≠ˇ vowels ´®Ω-Ææí¬ ´îËa °æü∆--™‰-¢Áj-Ø√
Öçõ‰ ûÁ©-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’?
- N.S. Pavan kumar, Vavilapadu.
-ï-¢√-•’:
i) Aren't I? ÉüË correct question tag. English
usage v°æ鬮Ωç ÅC ÅçûË. Usage Åçõ‰- ¢√úø’éπ.
usage äéÌ\éπ\-°æ¤púø’ grammar èπ◊ ´uA-Í®-éπçí¬
ÖçúÌa. Grammar rule v°æ鬮Ωç, amn't I?
ÅØËC question tag é¬-¢√L. Å®·ûË usage ™
DE •ü¿’©’, aren't I? ÅE ¢√úø’-éπ-®·-§Ú-®·çC.
(ûÁ©’-í∫’™ 'áEo F∞¡Ÿx?/ áEo §ƒ©’?— Åçö«ç.
F∞¡Ÿx/ §ƒ©’, 1, 2, 3 ÅE ™„éπ\°ôdçéπü∆, áEo ņ-
ö«-EéÀ correct í¬ Å®·ûË áçûª-§ƒ©’?/ áçûª-
F∞¡Ÿx? ÅØ√L. Å™« ņç 'áçûª— ÅØËC gram-
mar 'áEo?— (F∞¡Ÿx, §ƒ© N≠æ-ߪ’ç™) usage
(¢√úø’éπ) usage is more poweful than gram-
mar.
ii) a, e, i, o and u - ÉN vowels.
ÉN ´®Ω’-Ææí¬ (ÅFo– âü¿’ -éπL°œ) ´îËa ´÷ô
™‰ü¿’. Å®·ûË a, e, i, o, u Ç ´®Ω-Ææ™ Éûª®Ω
letters ûÓ ´îËa ´÷ô©’, 1) abstemious,
2) facetious. 1) abstemious (Ŷ¸-Æ ‘d-N’-ߪ’Æˇ)
= AçúÕ §ƒF-ߪ÷© N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ î√-™« controlled
í¬ Öçúøôç = °æJ-N’-ûª-¢Á’i† AçúÕ, §ƒF-ߪ÷©’
BÆæ’éÓ-´-úøç/ ´’ûª’h °æü∆-®√n© ñLéÀ ¢Á∞¡x-éπ-§Ú-´-úøç.
2) facetious = (°∂æÆ ‘-≠æÆˇ) – Æ‘ ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç
= Åçü¿®Ω÷ serious í¬ Ö†o-°æ¤púø’, á´-®ΩØ√o
ûª´÷-≥ƒí¬ jokes ¢ËÆæ÷h Öçõ‰, ÅC Ææçü¿®Ωs¥ç
é¬éπ-§ÚûË, Å°æ¤púø’ ¢√∞¡Ÿx facetious.
v°æ¨¡o: i) I do not send my son to your college
I cannot send my son to your college
°j ¢√é¬u™x àC ÆæÈ®jçC? à Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ do;
can ¢√úø-û√®Ω’?
ii) 'Let the devil die of cold' DE Å®Ωn-¢Ë’-N’öÀ?
iii) Rules or marking stress Ææ’©-¶µºçí¬
í∫’Jhç-îª-ô-¢Á’™«?
eg: Cousin, pollution, lady, official ´çöÀ
°æü∆™x stress marks áéπ\úø °ö«dL?
Ææ’©¶µº°æü¿l¥A ûÁ©-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
– ¢ÁØÁo© †®Ω-Æœç-£æ…®√´¤, ¢Á’ü¿é˙.
-ï-¢√-•’:
i) I do not send my son to your college =
college
O’ éÀ ´÷ Ŷ«s-®·E °æç°æ†’.
I cannot send my son to your college =
college
O’ éÀ ´÷ Ŷ«s-®·E °æç°æ-™‰†’. (O’
college ™E áèπ◊\´ fees ´©x/- Ææ-È®j† îªü¿’-´¤-
™‰-éπ-§Ú-´ôç ´©x etc.)
can = í∫© (≤ƒ´’®Ωn uç -ûÁ-LÊ° verb)
I can sing = ؈’ §ƒúø-í∫-©†’.
ii) Let the devil die of cold= Ç ü¿’®√t-®Ω’_úÕ-E
îªL-™/- ï-©’•’ ´©x î√´F (¨»°æ-Ø√®Ωnç).
iii) Rules of Marking Stress- ÉC Stress èπ◊
Ææç-•ç-Cµç-*-† °æ¤Ææh-鬩 ü∆y®√, English News
Telecasts (NDTV, CNB, etc) N†ôç ü∆y®√ –
Å©-¢√ô’ O’ü¿ ´Ææ’hçC.
cousin- Éçü¿’™ cou (éπ) syllable O’ü¿
stress.
pollution - §Ò©÷u-≠æØ˛ – ©÷ O’ü¿ stress.
lady= ™„ß˝’úÕ– ™„ß˝’ ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç.
official- Å°∂‘-≠æ-™ ¸ – '°∂‘— O’ü¿ stress.
- M. SURESAN
-¨¡-E-¢√®Ωç 10 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2007 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Komal: You seen to have reached home late

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
Syamal: The meeting went off very well yes-
terday, didn't it? The conference
room of the hotel was good too.
(E†o meeting î√-™« ¶«í¬ ïJ-TçC
éπü∆? Hotel ™E conference room –
Ææ´÷-¢Ë¨¡ ´’çC®Ωç – èπÿú≈ ¶«í∫’çC)
Komal: Ofcourse it did, but for some
remarks the Chief guest had made.
(´·êu ÅAC∑ îËÆœ-† éÌEo ¢√uêu©’
ûª°œpç* ¶«í¬ØË ïJ-TçC.)
Syamal: What were they? I don't exactly
remember.
(àçôO? Ø√èπ◊ correct í¬ í∫’®Ω’h™‰ü¿’)
last night. Why?
(E†o †’´¤y ÉçöÀéÀ Ç©-Ææuçí¬ îËJ-†-ô’d-
271 Ø√o´¤. áçü¿’èπ◊?)
Syamal: I had gone halfway across when I
remembered that I had left my
sweater in the conference room. So
I went back to the hotel to fetch it.
(Ææí∫ç -ü¿÷®Ωç -¢Á-∞Ï}Ææ-JéÀ conference
room ™ Ø√ sweeter ´’®Ω-*-§Ú-ߪ÷-†E
í∫’®Ìh-*açC. ´’Sx hotel ÈéRx ûÁa-èπ◊Ø√o)
Komal: Did you clear the hotel bill?
(Hotel billÉîËa-¨»¢√?)
clear =
îÁLxç-îªôç – ´·êuçí¬ Å°æ¤p©’,
bills ™«çöÀN.
Syamal: They wouldn't accept a cheque, so I
paid across the counter.
(¢√∞¡Ÿx cheque BÆæ’éÓ™‰ü¿’, Åçü¿’-éπE
Åéπ\úË úø•’s îÁLxç-î˨»)
É°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¶-ûª’-†oC,
spoken English across
™
Natural, simple
¢√úø’éπ í∫’-Jç-*:
spoken English across
™,
Real life
Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç é¬Ææh áèπ◊\¢Ë.
situations ™ éÌEo ´÷ô-©ûÓ
across expressions
ïûª-°æ-JÊÆh
î√-™« Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ ÖçúÕ Ææ綵«-≠æù« ≤ƒ®Ω-∞«uEo (con-
versational ease) †’ ûÁ-©’°æ¤-ûª’ç-C.
v°æ¨¡o:
i) lose, loose
1) across - ´’†ç-ü¿-Jéà ûÁ©’Ææ’ D†®Ωnç– Åúøfçí¬ Ñ °æü∆-©†’ ᙫ Ö-îªa-Jç-î√L?
ÅE. Å®·ûË English ™ DEo äéπ v°æü˨¡ç äéπ- verb conjugation
OöÀ Å®√n©’ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
-¢Áj°æ¤ †’ç* áü¿’-®Ω’í¬ Ö-†o ÉçéÓ--¢Áj°æ¤, ÅØË ii) 1) The IInd world war ended in 1945
(was ended)
¶µ«´çûÓ áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√-úø-û√®Ω’.
a) Swimming across the Krishna is not an 2) The IInd world war was ended in
easy job =
éπ%≥ƒg-†C Ñü¿ôç (äéπ äúø’f †’ç* 1945. Ñ È®çúÕç-öÀ™ à ¢√éπuç éπÈ®é˙d?
ÉçéÓ äúø’f-èπ◊/- äéπ-¢Áj°æ¤ †’ç* ÉçéÓ-¢Áj°æ¤- Ñü¿ôç iii) Interview ™ ûÁL-ߪ’E v°æ¨¡o-©èπ◊ à Nüµ¿çí¬
Ææ’©-¶µº-¢Á’i† °æE-é¬ü¿’) ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’ ÅE îÁ§ƒpL. Å™«Íí Interviewers
b) The distance he swam measures a
Kilometre across = ¢√úø’ Ñ-C-† ü¿÷®Ωç ã éÀO’ †’ ´·çü¿’í¬ à Nüµ¿çí¬ Ææç¶-Cµç-î√L?
Öçô’çC. (†CéÀ Åúøfçí¬ – äúø’f †’ç* äúø’fèπ◊) - -T. Srinivas, Penumantra
-ï-¢√-•’:

I don't like people talking out of turn

Komal: His talking of his son's achieve-
ments. That was out of place cer-
tainly.
(ûª† éÌúø’èπ◊ °∂æ’†-ûª†’ îÁ°æ¤p-éÓ-´ôç. ÅC
ê*a¥-ûªçí¬ ÅÆæçü¿-®Ωs¥çí¬ ÖçC)
Syamal: I must have missed that part of the
speech, and thank God I did. Just at
that time I went into the reception
across the conference hall to see
the manager. What did he say?
(Çߪ’† Ö°æ-Ø√u-Ææç™ Ç ¶µ«í∫ç -؈’
miss Åߪ·uç-ú≈L. •A-éÀ-§Úߪ÷ miss
Å®·. ÅüË time ™ conference hall èπ◊
áü¿’-®Ω’í¬ Ö†o hotel office èπ◊ ¢Á-∞«}
manager †’ éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊. àç
îÁ§ƒpúø’?)
Komal: That his son holds the records for
swimming across the Krishna in the
shortest time so far.
(éπ%≥ƒg-†-CE ÅA ûªèπ◊\´ time ™ Ñü¿-
ôç™ ûª†- éÌ-úø’-èπ◊C record ÅE)
Syamal: Well, that is something to feel proud
of. (ÅC í∫Jyç-îª-ü¿í∫_ N≠æ-ߪ’-¢Ë’-éπü∆?)
Komal: And that this has come in all the
newspapers and TV Channels
across the country .
(
ÅçûËé¬éπ Ñ N≠æߪ’ç ü˨¡ç ¢Á·ûªhç
news papers, TV channels ™
´*aç-ü¿E)
Syamal: Yes, I remember now. The distance
he swam measures a kilometre
across from bank to bank.
(Ç, É°æ¤púø’ í∫’®Ìh-*açC. äúø’f †’ç*
äúø’fèπ◊ Åûª†’ ÑC† ü¿÷®Ωç äéπ éÀ™-
O’-ô®Ω’)
Komal: That many be great, but I don't like peo-
ple talking out of turn. I hate to listen to
people talking high of themselves. I felt
like hitting him across the face.
(ÅC íÌÊ°p 鬴a. é¬F á´-È®jØ√
ÅÆæç-ü¿-®Ωs¥çí¬ ´÷ö«x-úÕûË N†ôç Ø√éπ-Ææ-
L≠ædç ™‰ü¿’. Eïçí¬ ¢Á·£æ«ç-O’ü¿ éÌö«d-©-
E°œç-*ç-C- Ø√èπ◊)
Syamal: I noticed the smile that spread
across his face when someone
referred to his son at the end of the
meeting.
(Meeting *´-®Ω -á-´®Ó Çߪ’† éÌ-úø’èπ◊
í∫’-J-ç-* v°æ≤ƒh-NÊÆh Çߪ’† ¢Á·£æ«çO’ü¿
*®Ω’-†´¤y ¢Á©-í∫úøç ØËí∫-´’-Eçî√)
i) Lose - §ÚíÌ-ô’d-éÓ-´ôç. (Verb)
Lose (Present) - Lost (Past) - Lost (Past
Participle)
He lost his bag (Bag §ÚíÌ-ô’d-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’)
Don't lose your money =
Look at the following sentences from the F úø•’s §ÚíÌ-ô’d-éÓèπ◊.
c) The room measures 20 feet across = Ç
dialogue above:
í∫C äéπ-¢Áj°æ¤ †’ç* ÉçéÓ--¢Áj°æ¤ 20 Åúø’í∫’©’.
1) That was out of place certainly.
d) Halfway across the river he couldn't
2) .... I went into the reception across the con-
swim any more. He had to be helped
ference hall.
across to the shore = †C Ææí∫çü∆é¬ ´îËa-Ææ-
3) That his son holds the records for swimming
JéÀ Åûª†’ Ñü¿-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’. Åûª-EéÀ N’í∫û√
across the Krishna in the shortest time. Ææí∫ç †C ü∆ô-ú≈-EéÀ ≤ƒßª’ç îËߪ÷Lq´*açC.
Loose: (Loose - adj)
4) And that this has come in all the news 2) Across = äéπ v°æü˨¡ç ¢Á·ûªhç ´ü¿’-©’í¬ Ö†o –
papers and TV channels across the coun- a) students across the country went on She wore a loose skirt -
strike =
try. ü˨¡ç ¢Á·ûªhç™E Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©ç-ü¿®Ω÷ -Ç-¢Á’ ´ü¿’-™„j† ©çí¬ ¢ËÆæ’èπ◊çC.
5) I don't like people talking out of turn.
Loose, adjective 鬕öÀd conjugation ™‰ü¿’.
Ææ¢Á’t î˨»®Ω’.
b) People across the country were
6) I felt like hitting him across the face. ii) The IInd World War ended in 1945 cor-
shocked at the Nithari killings =
7) The distance he swam measures a KM E®∏√J rect. II - IInd
Ñ ÅçÈ醒 ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’, ÅE
across from bank to bank.
£æ«ûªu© °æôx ü˨¡ç ¢Á·ûªhç v°æï-©ç-ü¿®Ω÷
II
®√ߪ’ç– Åçõ‰ second ÅØË. ÅçÈé™ ûÁ™-
8) I noticed the smile that spread across his
Cví¬s¥çA îÁçü∆®Ω’.
2 nd the
c) (from the conversation): This has come
§ƒ-©çõ‰ ÅE ®√ߪ’-´îª’a. Å®·ûË
face. second World War
in all the newspapers and TV channels ņo-°æp-öÀéÃ, ®√ÊÆ--ô°æ¤púø’
9) I had gone half way across. World War II correct.
across the country = Ñ N≠æߪ’ç ü˨¡ç ÅE ®√ߪ’ôç é¬F
10) I paid across the counter. TV
¢Á·ûªhçO’ü¿ ÅEo ¢√®√h°ævA-éπ-™x†÷, ÅEo The second World War
îªC-¢Ë-ô°æ¤púø’ ÅE
First of all, let's take the two expressions, channels ™-†÷ ´î√a-ߪ’E. îªü¿-¢√L.
out of place, and out of turn. 3) Across the face = ¢Á·£æ«çO’ü¿ (On the iii) Interview ™ àüÁjØ√ v°æ¨¡oèπ◊ Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç
Out of place = Out of turn = ÅÆæç-ü¿-®Ωs¥-¢Á’i† face, Ñ Å®Ωnç™ Åçõ‰ ¢Á·£æ«çO’ü¿ ÅØË Å®Ωl¥çûÓ, -ûÁ-L-ߪ’éπ-§ÚûË, I am sorry/ I'm afraid I don't
a) Clapping hands and garlanding are out of ¢√úøéπç î√™« ûªèπ◊\-´. across the face ÅØËüË - know the answer ÅE îÁÊ°pÊÆh ´’ç*C.
place at a condolence meeting = Ææçû√°æ á-èπ◊\´ ¢√úø’éπ.) Interview skills í∫’Jç* ûªy®Ω-™  N´-J≤ƒhç.
I felt like hitting him across the face =
Æ涵º™ æpô’x éÌôdúøç, °æ‹© ü¿çúø©’ ¢Ëߪ’ôç
(¢ËCéπ O’ü¿’†o ¢√∞¡xèπ◊) Ç Ææçü¿-®√s¥-EéÀ ûªT†N ÅûªE ¢Á·£æ«çO’ü¿ éÌö«d-©-E-°œç-*çC Ø√èπ◊. v°æ¨¡o:
felt like = (àüÁjØ√ îËߪ÷-©E) ÅE°œç-îªôç.
鬴¤. Till, until èπ◊ ûËú≈ àN’öÀ? Since, for á°æ¤púø’
b) His jokes were out of place in such a seri- I noticed the smile spreading across his
¢√ú≈™ ûÁ©-°æçúÕ.
ous situation = ( face =
Åçûª í∫çHµ-®Ω-¢Á’i† °æJ-Æœn-A™ - -- P. Sambasiva Rao, Visakhapatnam
ÅûªE jokes î√™« ÅÆæç-ü¿-®Ωs¥çí¬ ÖØ√o®·. ÅûªE ¢Á·£æ«ç O’ü¿ ¢Á©’-í∫’-ûª’†o *®Ω’-†´¤y
jokes
(Åéπ\úø îËߪ’ôç ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’) îª÷¨»†’. -ï-¢√-•’:
Out of turn = äéπ Å®Ωnç, ÅÆæç-ü¿-®Ωs¥çí¬ Éûª-®Ω’-©èπ◊ The shirt is a bit tight across the chest = i) till
éÀ until éà àO’ ûËú≈™‰ü¿’. È®çúÕç-öÀ-E äéπ-ü∆E
éÓ°æç ûÁ°œpç-îËô’x, Éûª-®Ω’-©†’ ØÌ°œpç-îËô’x v°æ´- îµ√B ü¿í∫_®Ω é¬Ææh Gí∫’-ûª’í¬ ÖçC Ç shirt. •ü¿’©’ äéπöÀ ¢√úø-´îª’a.
Jhç-îª-ôç/-´÷-ö«x-úøôç. 4) Half way across = Ææí∫çü¿÷®Ωç (´îËa-ô°æp-öÀ-éÀ/- ii) since Åçõ‰ °∂æ-™«-Ø√ time †’ç*, °∂æ-™«-Ø√
a) He was talking out of turn most of the time,
´*açûª®√yûª) ®ÓV/ ØÁ©/ Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç †’ç* ÅE.
a) Half way across he remembered he For Åçõ‰ Éçûª-é¬-©çí¬, ÉEo ®ÓV©’/
as though he were drunk = àüÓ, û√T-†-
hadn't brought any money = Ææí∫ç ü¿÷®Ωç
¢√-úÕ™«, î√-™«-´’-ô’èπ◊ ÅÆæç-ü¿-®Ωs¥çí¬ ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª÷ØË ØÁ©©’/ Ææç´-ûªq-®√-©’í¬ ÅE Å®Ωnç. îª÷úøçúÕ:
a) India has been independent since
´îËa-ô°æp-öÀéÀ Åûª-EéÀ í∫’®Ìh-*açC úø¶‰sç ûË™‰-ü¿E)
ÖØ√oúø’.
b) He felt ill, and he left the theatre half way
b) I hope I am not talking out of turn, but what 1947 (1947 †’ç* ¶µ«®Ωû˝ Ææyûªç-vûªçí¬
across the movie =
India has been independent
äçöx ¶«í¬ ™‰ü¿-E°œç*
you are doing isn't good = ØËØË´’Ø√o ÅAí¬/ ÖçC) =
ÆœE´÷ ´’üµ¿u-™ØË ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’. for the past/ the last 59 years. (59
5. Across the counter = (´·êuçí¬ úø•’s)
ÅÆæç-ü¿-®Ωs¥çí¬ ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o-ØË¢Á÷ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ-L-
ߪ’ü¿’, é¬E O’®Ω’ îËÆæ’h-†oC ´’ç*Cé¬ü¿’. counter ü¿í∫_®Ω îÁLxç-îªúøç
à∞¡Ÿxí¬ ¶µ«®Ωû˝ Ææyûªç-vûªçí¬ ÖçC)
Out of turn Åçõ‰ ÉçéÓ Å®Ωnç, ´®Ω’Æævéπ´’ç b) Tendulkar has played/ has been play-
a) Crossed cheques can't be cashed across
ing cricket since 1989/ for the past/
ÅA-véπ-N’ç* the counter= Crossed cheques counter
èπ◊
a) The minister got the house site alloted out last 17 years.
bank
™ úøGs-´y®Ω’ (ü∆Eo ™ ï´’ îËߪ÷-©E)
of turn = Ç ´’çvA ´®Ω’Ææ véπ´’ç™ é¬èπ◊çú≈, b) A day may come when you may buy a since á°æ¤púø÷ point of time -ûÓ (†’ç* ÅØË
Åvéπ-´’çí¬ Éç-öÀ Ææn©ç É°œpç--èπ◊-Ø√oúø’. synthetic heart across a medical shop Å®ΩnçûÓ), for á°æ¤púø÷ period of time (ÉEo
b) The out of turn allotment was questioned counter = ´’çü¿’© shop counter ü¿í∫_®Ω ®ÓV©÷/ ØÁ©-©’í¬ ÅØË Å®Ωnç-ûÓ ¢√úøû√ç.)
in the house = Åvéπ´’ Íéö«-®·ç°æ¤ N≠æߪ’ç ¨»Ææ- úø•’s©’ îÁLxç* éπ%vA´’ í∫’çúÁ©’ éÌØË ®ÓV
†-Ææ-¶µº™ v°æPoç-î√®Ω’. èπÿú≈ ®√´îª’a. - M. SURESAN
-≤Ú-´’-¢√®Ωç 12 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2007 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

affect = v°æ¶µ«´ç îª÷°æôç; to come into Replace = äéπ ´Ææ’h´¤†’ BÆæ’-

effect = Å´’-™xéÀ ®√´ôç. èπ◊E ü∆E-•-ü¿’©’ ÅüË ®Ωéπç
The anti dowry law came into effect more ´Ææ’h´¤ ÉçéÓ-öÀ-´yúøç.
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 272 than ten years ago = ´®Ω-éπôo ´uA-Í®éπ îªôdç 2) How good they are at
°æüË∞¡x éπçõ‰ ´·çüË Å´’-™xéÀ ´*açC. putting across even com-
Vilakshana: plex ideas to students
Academic = Nü¿uèπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*†/ Nü∆u-¢Ëûªh.
Hi Nirikshana, this is our last day at col- put across = N´-Jç-îªôç/
What books and subjects a student
lege. No knowing when we can meet explain
N¨¡-D-éπ-Jç-îªôç/
should study is an academic matter =
v°æ¨¡o:
again. Parting is painful, isn't it? (College ™ a) He put across his ideas to me in a con- i) I saw him enter the room
vincing manner =
Nü∆uJn à °æ¤Ææh-鬩’, à N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ Ŷµºu-Æœç-î√-©-
ÉC ´’†èπ◊ *´-J-®ÓV. ´’†ç ´’Sx á°æ¤púø’ éπ©’-Ææ’- ØËC Nü∆u N≠æߪ’ç.
Ø√èπ◊ †îËa-N-üµ¿çí¬ ÅûªE I saw him entering the room ûËú≈ Öçü∆?
éÓ-í∫-©¢Á÷ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’. NúÕ-§Ú-´úøç ¶«üµ∆-éπ-®Ω¢Ë’ éπü∆?) Ç™-îª-†-©†’ Ø√èπ◊ N´-Jç-î√úø’. (ÅûªE N´-®Ω-ù-
Not all the members of a university sen- ´©x ÅûªE Ç™-îª-†©’ Ø√èπ◊ †î√a®·.) á) Åûªúø’ í∫C™ v°æ¢Ë-Pç-îªúøç ؈’ îª÷¨»†’.
Nirikshana:
ate are good academics = university sen- b) I put across to my father my idea of buying
G) í∫C-™éÀ v°æ¢Ë-PÆæ÷h Åûª-úÕE ؈’ îª÷¨»†’.
Why? We can still be meeting, can't we? ate ii) Seniority - antonym àN’öÀ?
Æ涵º’u-©ç-ü¿®Ω÷ ´’ç* Nü∆u-¢Ë-ûªh-©’-鬮Ω’. a car = car éÌØ√-©ØË Ø√ Ç™-îª-††’ ´÷ Ø√†oèπ◊
What stops us?
Vilakshana:
(áçü¿’èπÿ? ´’†ç Éçé¬ éπ©’- N´-Jç-î√†’. – §Úûª’© XE-¢√Ææ’, -¢Ëí¬-ߪ’´’tÊ°ô.
c) It is the cost of the project that may discour-
Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ô÷ØË ÖçúÌa éπü∆? àN’-ôúøfç?) Yea. I've heard of it. They are going to collect
-ï-¢√-•’:
Vilakshana: age him. Anyway put it across to him and i) I saw him enter the room Å®Ωnç, I saw him
this extra fee for the personality development
I mean we can't, this way, as students. see. = project entering the room ü∆ü∆°æ¤ äéπõ‰. ûË-ú≈ ™‰ü¿’.
course they are going to offer. I feel that's a Ç èπ◊ ÅßË’u ´uߪ’ç ÅûªEo ¢Á†èπ◊\
students ii) Seniority éÀ antonym ™‰ü¿’. seniority
(؈-†ôç, É™« í¬ ´’Sx éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-™‰-´’E.) good step and so the fee rise is justified. ™«í∫-´îª’a. Å®·Ø√ Åûª-EéÀ N´-Jç* îª÷úø’.
ÅØËC age éÃ, experience éà Ææç•ç-Cµç*çC
鬕öÀd younger in age & experience ÅE

... to get across our ideas to others ...

ņ-´îª’a. äÍé ´÷ôí¬ antonym ™‰ü¿’.
v°æ¨¡o:
àüÁjØ√ O’öÀç-í˚™ à Nüµ¿çí¬ ´÷ö«x-ú≈L? à
Tense ™ ´÷ö«x-ú≈L? ÅEo Tenses Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-
Tç-îª-´î√a? Öü∆: Republic day Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥çí¬
éπ∞«-¨»-©™ äéπ meeting à®√pô’î˨»®Ω’. Ñ
Nirikshana: (Å´¤†’. ؈’ NØ√o-†C. v°æA class èπÿ Åü¿-†çí¬ 3) Their teaching cuts across students of O’öÀç-í˚™ Åüµ¿u-èπ~◊©’, ´·êu ÅA--C∑E, Éûª®Ω
There you are right of course. Our student ¶Cµç-îª-¶-ûª’†o personality development varying abilities = NNüµ¿ ≤ƒ´’®Ωn u ≤ƒnߪ·-©’†o °ü¿l-©†’ -ᙫ Ææç¶-Cµç-î√L? ¢√JE Öü¿-£æ«-JÆæ÷h
days will remain only as sweet memories. (´uéÀhûªy Né¬Ææç) course èπ◊ í¬†÷ ÉC Åü¿-†çí¬ Nü∆u-®Ω’n©èπ◊ Å®Ωn´’ßË’u ¶üµ¿† ¢√JC. ᙫ ´÷ö«x-ú≈L. N´Jçîªí∫-©®Ω’.
(Ç Nüµ¿çí¬ †’´¤y correct. ´’† Nü∆uJn ®ÓV©’ ´Ææ÷©’ îËÆæ’h-Ø√o®Ω’. Æ敶‰. cut across = NGµ†o ´®√_-©™ ¢√u°œç* Ö†o - T. Ramana Rao, Palakol.
B°œ-í∫’-®Ω’h-©’-í¬ØË ÖçúÕ-§Ú-û√®·.) justify = Ææ´’-Jnç-îªôç. a) Protest and shock against the Nithari -ï-¢√-•’:
Vilakshana: justified = Ææ´’-®Ωn-F-ߪ’-¢Á’i†; Ææ•-¶„j†-. killings cut across party lines =Eü∑∆J £æ«ûªu- Meeting ™ -à tense ™ ´÷ö«x-ú≈L ÅØËC
But what a great college we've been in (I) Nirikshana: ©-°æôx E®Ω-Ææ†, Cví∫s¥´’, ÅEo party ©èπ◊ (Ç ´’†ç ´÷ö«xúË N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo•öÀd-í∫ü∆ Öçô’çC.
doubt very much if we can come across party, party Republic Day Ææçü¿-®Ωs ¥çí¬ ´÷ö«x-úø’ûª ÷,
The course is good for career making peo- Ñ ÅE ™‰èπ◊çú≈) ¢√u°œç-*çC.
such an institution. The instruction, the sys- Republic Day
b) Cutting across caste distinctions every one
ple like us. At interviews and group discus-
v§ƒ-¨¡-≤ƒhuEo
tem, the environment- why? Everything sions, to get across our ideas to the others, protested against the mass killing of tribals
í∫’Jç* ´÷ö«x-úË-ô-°æ¤púø’,
about it is good. college Republic Day °æ¤ô’d-°æ‹-®Óy-ûªh-®√-©-
(é¬F áçûª íÌ°æp ™ we need that kind of training. (ÖüÓu-í¬©÷ in the area = Ç ´®Ω_ç, Ñ ´®Ω_ç ÅE ™‰èπ◊çú≈
ÖØ√o¢Á÷ éπü∆ ´’†ç. Ééπ\úÕ ¶üµ¿†, °æü¿l¥A, ¢√û√- ´%ûª’h™x v°æ¢Ë-Pç-îª-¶-ßË’-¢√-JéÀ ÉC î√™« Ö°æ- (èπ◊© Nîª-éπ~ù ™‰èπ◊çú≈) v°æA-¢√∞¡Ÿx Ç éÌçúø ñ«A ®·ûË, past tense ™ îÁ§ƒhç, ÅN
´-®Ωùç – äéπ-õ‰-N’öÀ? Ñ college ™ àüÁjØ√ ßÁ÷í∫ç. Interviews ™, Group discussions ™ v°æï© Üîª-éÓ-ûª†’ êçúÕç-î√®Ω’. í∫ûªç 鬕öÀd. Republic Day
î√™« ¶«í∫’çC.) Öûªq´ç Ç®Ó-V -E®Ωy£œ«ç-éÓ-´-úøç
´’† Ç™-îª-†©÷ ÅGµ-v§ƒ-ߪ÷©÷ Éûª-®Ω’-©èπ◊ mass killing = Üîª-éÓûª. tribals = éÌçúø-ñ«A ÇØ√öÀ programme ´Èíj-®√-©çû√,
Nirikshana: Ææp≠ædçí¬ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’-ú≈-EéÀ Ñ Péπ~ù ´’†-éπ-´-Ææ®Ωç.)
Especially the lecturers and professors - Vilakshana:
v°æï©’. ¨¡Ÿ¶µ«-é¬ç-éπ~-©ûÓ Ææ£æ…, present
c) Cutting across all kinds of groups, people tense. ´·†’tçü¿’ ´îËa Republic Day ©
how good they are at putting across to stu- OK, Niri. Time that I left. See you again.
dents even complex ideas, without an
rose as one person to fight the enemy = à Çé¬ç-éπ~©÷, éÓJ-éπ©÷, Å®·ûË future tense.
Keep calling. (OK
exception every teacher here reaches out
EK. ØËE-°æp-öÀÍé ¢ÁRx-§Ú-
Phone
N¶µ‰-ü∆-©ûÓ °æE-™‰-èπ◊çú≈ v°æï-©ç-ü¿®Ω÷ äéπ\-Jí¬ O’®Ω-úÕ-T† N’í∫û√ v°æ¨¡o-©èπ◊ Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç Lesson
Nos 265 to 270 îª÷úøçúÕ.
ߪ·ç-ú≈-LqçC. ´’Sx éπ©’ü∆lç. îËÆæ÷hçúø’.)
to the students with ease.
¨¡vûª’-´¤ûÓ §Ú®√-ú≈®Ω’.
(´·êuçí¬ Ééπ\úÕ Nirikshana: OK, bye.
lecturers, professors – ÆæçéÀx-≠d-¢æ Á’i† Å稻-©†’ 4) ... to get across our ideas to others we v°æ¨¡o:
☺ ☺ ☺ ☺ need that kind of training = ´’† ÅGµ-v§ƒ- i) India need to bowling in the evening. Ñ
èπÿú≈, î√™« Ææ’©-¶µºçí¬ Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©èπ◊ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-
©®Ω’; Åçü¿®Ω’ Åüµ∆u-°æ-èπ◊©’ èπÿú≈, á´®Ω÷ ûª°æp- English conversation across
™ expres-
ûÓ ´îËa ߪ÷©’ Éûª-®Ω’-©èπ◊ Ææp≠ædçí¬ ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ´’†èπ◊ Ç ¢√é¬uEo à Nüµ¿çí¬question îËߪ÷L. need
èπ◊çú≈.) sions expressions
î√™« ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ ¢√úø-û√-®ΩF, Ç Péπ~ù Å´-Ææ®Ωç. ÅØËC Helping verb éπü∆. DEûÓ question
complex = ÆæçéÀx-≠d-¢
æ Á’i†, with ease = éπ≠d-°æ æúÕ ´©x ´’† conversation simple
î√™« í¬ Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ get across = î√™« ¨¡éÀh-´’ç-ûªçí¬ ¶µ«¢√-©†’ ᙫ îËߪ’´îª’a?
v°æߪ’ûªoç îËÆœ-†ô’x éπ†-°æ-úø-èπ◊çú≈, without an lesson
Öçô’ç-ü¿E éÀçü¿öÀ ™ îª÷¨»ç-í∫ü∆. ´’J-éÌEo äéπ-JéÀ ´uéπh-°æ-®Ω-îªôç. ii) I do work. Ñ Sentence †’ à N-üµ¿çí¬
exception = á´®Ω÷ ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈. reach out across expressions question îËߪ÷L?
a) To succeed in an interview you should get
ûÓöÀ É°æ¤úø’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-
= ¶µ«¢√™x Éûª-®Ω’-©†’ îË®Ω’-éÓ-´ôç. ¶-ûª’Ø√oç. across your points to the interviewer = – §ƒ©-éÌçúø Ææ’üµ∆-éπ®˝, ê´’tç
Vilakshana: Look at the following sentences from the
Interview ™ Nï-ߪ÷-EéÀ ´’† ¶µ«¢√-©†’ / Å稻- -ï-¢√-•’:
conversation between Vilakshana and i) India need to bowling in the evening-
I can't agree with you more. (†’´y†oü¿çû√ ©†’ interviewer èπ◊ Ææp≠ædçí¬ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-LT Ñ
Nirikshana. sentence India need(s) to bowl in
ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’.
ØËØÌ°æ¤p-éÌç-ô’Ø√o.) Öçú≈L.
1) I doubt very much if we can come across the evening correct. India team
Ñ expression, I can't agree with you such an institution
b) Get the idea across to him that he is no Åçõ‰ †’ äéπ-
more = FûÓ °æ‹Jhí¬ àéÃ-¶µº-N-Ææ’hØ√o– longer wanted here = Åûª-E-éπ\úø Öçúø-†-´-Ææ-®Ωç- India needs to bowl
öÀí¬ °æJ-í∫-ùÀÊÆh, Åçö«ç;
2) ... how good they are at putting across to India India
English conversation ™ ûª®Ωîª÷ NE-°œ- ™‰-ü¿E Å®Ωnç ÅßË’u™« îÁ°æ¤p. ïô’d-™E véÃú≈-é¬-®Ω’-©†’ °æJ-í∫-ùÀÊÆh
students even complex ideas need to bowl sentences
Ææ’hçC. O’®Ω÷ practice îËߪ’çúÕ. c) I am unable to get this simple point across
Åçö«ç. Ñ È®çúø’
3) Their teaching cuts across students of need (s) main verb. Need
Nirikshana: to him =
™†÷ Å®·ûË DØËo
varying abilities.
Ñ *†o N≠æߪ’ç Åûª-E-éπ-®Ωn-´’-ßË’uô’x India bowl in the evening? question
ÅE
Certainly. Their teaching cuts across stu- îÁ°æp-™‰-èπ◊-Ø√o†’.
4) ... to get across our ideas to others, we ®Ω÷°æç™ ®√ÊÆh need, helping verb Å´¤-ûª’çC.
dents of varying abilities. put across, get across ü∆ü∆°æ¤ äéπõ‰. Å®·ûË,
need that kind of training.
(Eï¢Ë’. ¢√∞¡x ¶üµ¿† ÉçéÓ example. Need you go there now?
Nü∆u-®Ω’n© ≤ƒ´’®Ωn u ≤ƒn®·ûÓ Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ 1) Come across = îª÷úøôç/ (àüÁjØ√) ņ’¶µº´ç get across, put across éπØ√o éÌçîÁç stronger. (É°æ¤úø’ †’´¤y ¢Á∞«x-Lq† Å´-Ææ®Ωç Öçü∆?)
ÅEo ®Ω鬩 Nü∆u-®Ω’n©èπÿ Å®Ωn-´’-´¤-ûª’çC.) éπ©-í∫úøç/ û√®Ω-Ææ-°æ-úøôç. come across ÅØËC ¶«í¬ Å®Ωn-´’-ßË’ô’x îÁ°æpôç – get it across. ii) 'Do you work here?'
Vilakshana: English ™ î√™« common. EXERCISE Yes, I do work here. Ééπ\úø work verb.
That's true. Ours is a college in demand. a) It is very difficult to come across a person Speak aloud sentences on the following Sentence verb
™E object
èπ◊ é¬ü¿’. Ééπ\úø 'I
college college.) like Mahatma Gandhi = pattern. do work here'
(Eï¢Ë’. ´’† ´’ç* T®√éÀ Ö†o ´’£æ«-û√t-í¬ç-Dµ-™«çöÀ èπ◊ Å®Ωnç– ØËE-éπ\úø °æEîË≤ƒh†’,
Nirikshana: ´uéÀhE îª÷úøôç î√™« éπ≠dçæ . Subject Verb Complement etc. îË≤ƒh†’ ÅE ØÌéÀ\îÁ°æpôç.
A piece of bad news. It doesn't affect us, b) You don't come across elephants in cold I do work= ؈’ °æEîË≤ƒh†’ ņo-°æ¤úø’ work=
What he says is interesting.
though. The college has raised the fees countries = Qûª© ü˨»™x à†’-í∫’©’ éπE-°œç-¤. °æE ÅØË Å®Ωn-ç-ûÓ, do èπ◊ object Å´¤-ûª’çC. ÉC
across the board for all students of all c) Rarely do we come across shops offering
(Å®·ûË Ééπ\úø subject äéπ ´÷ô é¬èπ◊çú≈, 'wh' ûÓ
ÖçúË clause.) Ñ éÀçC question èπ◊ answer: What do you
courses; to come into effect from the next replacement of goods with no questions do? – DEéÀ Answer: I do work. (I do maths
academic year. (ã îÁúø’ ¢√®Ωh, ´’†Íéç ¶«üµ¿ asked = ´’†ç é̆o ´Ææ’h-´¤-©†’ àç v°æ¨¡o- ´’®Ó example: ™«í∫).
students
™‰ü¿-†’éÓ. Åçü¿J fees
èπÿ °çîË-ÆœçC. shops
©-úø-èπ◊\çú≈ •ü¿’©’ ÉîËa †’ î√™« How he does it will be known only to me.
´îËa Nü∆u Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç †’ç* Å´’-™xéÀ ´Ææ’hçC.) Å®Ω’-ü¿’í¬ îª÷≤ƒhç. - M. SURESAN
-•’-üµ¿-¢√-®Ωç 14 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2007 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Abhilash: Oh, are they? If I had become a 4. Most corporate hospitals

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 273
Abhilash: How's your dad?
(O’ Ø√†o ᙫ ÖØ√o®Ω’?)
Animish: (He's = He is) near normal. (He
was) discharged from hospital the
day before (yesterday.)
(ü∆ü∆°æ¤ éÓ©’-èπ◊-†oõ‰d. ÇÆæpvA †’ç*
¢Á·†oØË Núø’-ü¿© î˨»®Ω’.)
(´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’ – ¢Á·†oØË discharge
Åߪ÷u®Ω’. Conversational English ™
äéÓ\-≤ƒJ 'He's = he is' omit îË≤ƒh®Ω’.
Å™«Íí the day before yesterday ÅE
°æ‹Jhí¬ ÅØË •ü¿’©’, the day before
Åçö«®Ω’.)
doctor, many more would have are after money.
been alive. After somebody/ something.
(Å´¤-Ø√? ؈’ doctor †ßª·uçõ‰ Éçé¬ = äéπ-JE/ äéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo
î√™«-´’çC -•A-èπ◊ç-úË-¢√∞¡Ÿx) îË>-éÀ\ç--éÓ-´ôç.
Animish: You and your jokes. a) He is after a good career.
(†’-´‹y, F jokes.) ´’ç* ´%Ah ¢√u°æéπç éÓÆæç
☺ ☺ ☺ ☺ v°æߪ’-Ao-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’/ îË>-éÀ\ç--éÓ-´-ö«-EéÀ v°æߪ’-Ao- v°æ¨¡o:
Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’. i) Mr.Natwar Singh said though India is
English conversation ™ after ¢√úø’éπ– ÅüÌ-éπ\-õ‰-
b) Most young men and women are after supporting ... there is no compromise. Ñ
-Å-®·Ø√, N’í∫û√ ´÷ô-©ûÓØÁjØ√, î√™« common.
computer jobs. is was
É°æ¤púø’ after, after combinations Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç ¢√éπuç™ •ü¿’©’ ®√¢√L éπü∆.
îª÷ü∆lç: î√™«-´’çC ߪ·´B ߪ·´-èπ◊©’ computer jobs ii) The UPA deputy secretary said Sonia
Gandhi will visit quake hit areas.
Look at the following expressions from ¢Áçô- °æ-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’. Ñ
the dialogue above. Å®·ûË äéπ ´uéÀh N≠æߪ’ç îÁÊ°p-ô-°æ¤púø’ He is sub-clause would visit
¢√éπuç™ ûÓ ¢Á·ü¿-
1) May be because of the after effects of the after you Åçõ‰ – F éÓÆæ¢Ë’ îª÷Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’ FÍéüÓ ©-¢√yL éπü∆! N´-Jç--îªí∫-©®Ω’.
drugs he has been taking. £æ…E ûª©-°õ‰d ÖüËl-¨¡çûÓ – ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ÖçC. – Ç®˝.áÆˇ.´’Ê£«≠ˇ, éπ®Ω÷o™¸
2) How about the after care services of the c) The enemies were after him. -ï-¢√-•’:
hospital? ¨¡vûª’-´¤©’ ÅûªúÕ éÓÆæç ¢Áûª’-èπ◊-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’. You have raised a very good doubt.
In both the sentences above, no dates/

After some one's heart

Abhilash: (It's) good to hear that.
(N†-ö«-EéÀ ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ÖçC)
Animish: He's been advised complete rest
for another week, though. He is
still very weak. May be because of
the after effects of the drugs he's
been taking.
(Å®·Ø√, ÉçéÓ-¢√®Ωç °æ‹Jhí¬ Nv¨»çA
BÆæ’-éÓ-´’E Ææ©£æ…. Éçé¬ ¶«í¬ F®Ω-
Ææçí¬/ •©-£‘«-†çí¬ ÖØ√o®Ω’. Çߪ’†
BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ô’†o ´’ç-ü¿’© ûª®√yA v°æ¶µ«´ç
´©x-ØË¢Á÷.)
Abhilash: How about the after care services
of the hospital?
(Ç ÇÆæp-vA™ ¢Ájü¿uç ûª®√yA ÊÆ´©
Ææçí∫-ûËçöÀ?)
Animish: Excellent. They look after their
patients well. Rather rare these
days of corporate hospitals which
are mostly after money.
(î√™« ¶«í∫’çC. Patients úø•’s éÓÆæ¢Ë’
îª÷ÊÆ corporate hospitals Ö†o Ñ
®ÓV™x é¬Ææh Å®Ω’üË.)
Corporate hospitals = ¢√ùÀ-ïu-°æ-®Ωçí¬
Íé´©ç ™«¶µ«© éÓÆæ¢Ë’ ¢Ájü∆u-†oç-CçîË
ÇÆæp-vûª’©’.
Abhilash: (Do) you mean their fees are low?
(Åçõ‰ ¢√∞¡x fees ûªèπ◊\-´ç-ö«¢√?)
Animish: Not low, but not high either. You
get your money's worth of treat-
ment there.
(ûªèπ◊\-¢Ëç-é¬-ü¿’, Å™« ÅE áèπ◊\-¢√-é¬ü¿’.
´’†ç-°õ‰d ê®Ω’aèπ◊ ûªT† ¢Ájü¿uç
©Gµ-Ææ’hçC.)
worth = N©’´
Abhilash: Had I had my will, I would have
become a doctor. Medicine was
the course after my heart, but dad
wouldn't just let me do it.
(Ø√ É≠æd-v°æ-é¬-®Ω¢Ë’ Åߪ·uçõ‰, ØËE-°æp-öÀéÓ
doctor ÅßË’u-¢√-úÕE. Medicine Ø√èπ◊
î√™« É≠æd-¢Á’i† course. é¬F ´÷Ø√†o
††’o Medicine îËߪ’-E-´y-™‰ü¿’.)
Animish: Thank God he wouldn't. Many per-
sons are still alive.
(Çߪ’† E†’o medicine îËߪ’-E-´y-éπ-§Ú-
´ôç ´’ç*-ü¿-®·çC. î√™«-´’çC Éçé¬
-•-AÍé ÖØ√o®Ω’.)
3) They look after their patients well.
4) ... corporate hospitals which are after
money.
5) Medicine was the course after my heart.
1. After effects:
´’çü¿’©’ ™«çöÀN áèπ◊\-´í¬
¢√úøôç ´©x ´îËa °∂æL-û√©’/ à Ææç°∂æ’-ô† ûª®Ω’¢√-
ûÁjØ√ éπLÍí °∂æL-û√©’– ´·êuçí¬ É•sç-ü¿’©’.
a) Lack of appetite and nausea are the after
effects of antibiotics.
AØ√-©ØË éÓJéπ -™‰éπ-§Ú-´-ôç (Å®Ω’*)/ ÇéπL -™‰éπ-§Ú-
´-ôç, ¢√çûª’©’ ´îËa-ôx-E-°œç-îªôç, antibiotics
¢√úÕ† -ûª®√y-ûª ´îËa °∂æL-û√©’. Nausea
(Ø√Ɯߪ÷) = ¢√çûª’©’ ´îËa feeling (éπúø’°æ¤
A°æpôç) Nauseate = úÓèπ◊ °æ¤öÀdç-îªúøç.
Antibiotics = Bacteria (Ææ÷éπ~ t-@-´¤-©)†’ îªçÊ°
´’çü¿’©’. OöÀ™ î√™«¢√öÀ Ê°®Ω’ *´®Ω 'cin' ÅE
´Ææ’hçC. (After effects †’ side effects ÅE
èπÿú≈ Åçö«®Ω’.)
b) People are yet to recover from the after
effects of the year before the last's tsuna-
mi. éÀçü¿öÀ àú≈C ´·çü¿õ‰ú≈C Ææ’Ø√O’
v°æ¶µ«-¢√© †’ç* v°æï-Lçé¬ éÓ©’-éÓ-™‰ü¿’.
(í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ: effects of tsunami = Ææ’Ø√O’
v°æûªuéπ~ v°æ¶µ«´ç – ´’†’-≠æfl©’ îªE-§Ú-´ôç, É∞¡Ÿx,
îÁô’x ™«çöÀN éÌô’d-èπ◊-§Ú-´ôç, v§ƒù, ÇÆœh †≠ædç.
After effects of tsunami = Ææ’Ø√O’ °æ®Óéπ~/
D®Ω`-é¬-Léπ v°æ¶µ«-¢√©’ = Ææ®Ωyç éÓ™p-®·†¢√J
Hü¿-Jéπç, EÆæq-£æ…-ߪ’ûª, ¢√uüµ¿’©’ ™«çöÀN.)
c) Some Japanese are still suffering from the
after effects of radiation.
Radiation °æ®Óéπ~ v°æ¶µ«-¢√-©ûÓ éÌçûª´’çC ï§ƒØ˛
¢√-R}çé¬ ¶«üµ¿-°æ-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’.
2. After care = ´÷´‚©’ ¢Ájü¿uç Å®·çûª®√yûª
®ÓT í∫’Jç* BÆæ’-èπ◊ØË ñ«ví∫-ûªh©’.
a) I am always regular about the after care
measures my doctor has suggested.
´÷ doctor Ææ÷*ç-*† ¢Ájü∆u-†çûª®Ω ñ«ví∫-ûªh©
N≠æߪ’ç™ -ØË-ØÁ°æ¤p-úø÷ Æævéπ-´’çí¬-ØË Öçö«†’.
b) The after care services of the hospital are poor.
¢Ájü∆u-†ç-ûª®Ω ÊÆ´© N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ Ç ÇÆæpvA -Åüµ∆y-†¢Ë’.
3. Look after = Take care = ñ«ví∫ûªh BÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç
(´·êuçí¬ äéπ ´uéÀh Ç®Óí∫uç N≠æ-ߪ’ç™).
a) My sister looked after me when I was ill.
Ø√èπ◊ ï•’sí¬ Ö†o°æ¤púø’ ´÷ sister ††’o
îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊çC/ Ææ°æ-®Ωu©’ îËÆœçC/ ÊÆ´©’ îËÆœçC.
b) Its parents having been washed away by the
floods, there is none to look after the child.
ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’©’ ´®Ω-ü¿™ éÌô’d-èπ◊-§Ú-´-ôçûÓ Ç Gúøf†’
îª÷ÊÆ-¢√-∞Îx-´®Ω÷ ™‰®Ω’.
days are mentioned. So, change, 'said' in
both the sentences into, 'has said', and the
sentences will be absolutely correct. The
tense of has said is present tense, and the
sub clause verbs being also in present
tense, there would be nothing wrong with
5. After some one's heart. the sentences. But the sentences as read
äéπ®Ω’ ¶«í¬ É≠æd-°æúË. by the news reader, and as quoted by you
a) It's a song after my heart. are wrong.
ÅC Ø√èπ◊ ¶«í¬ É≠æd-¢Á’i-†-§ƒô. Suppose the dates/ days of their saying
are mentioned. Then in the first sentence
b) It's a place after her heart.
'is supporting' is correct as
ÅC Ç¢Á’èπ◊ †*a† v°æü˨¡ç. it is a present action likely
EXERCISE: VOCABULARY EXERCISE.
to continue into the future,
Match the words under A with their mean- but, the second verb 'is no
ings under B. compromise' should be
A B changed into, 'would be
A. Teach 1. walk no compromise', as the
B. Check 2. pull idea is indicative of future
C. Tug 3. watch 'is no compromise' is cer-
D. Observe 4. instruct tainly incorrect on the part of the news
E. Trek 5. verify reader.
6. signify In the case of (ii) Sonia Gandhi would visit
is correct. The news reader is wrong in
Answer: A - 4 B - 5 C - 2 D - 3 E - 1.
reading as 'will visit'.
v°æ¨¡o: You have raised a very good doubt and
i) burial, fire, ... require, retire, .. pro-
-OöÀ clarifying it is my pleasure. Look at the fol-
nunciation ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. lowing sentence:
ii)
He told me yesterday that he is a bank
Ææ´÷--üµ¿’© ü¿í∫_®Ω 鬰晫 ÖçúË-¢√-JE
pronunciation
à´’ç-ö«®Ω’? ü∆E ûÁ©-°æçúÕ.
manager here. (E†o îÁ§ƒpúø’ Ø√ûÓ, Åûª-E-éπ\úø,
– ™«´ùu, éÌûªh-í∫÷úÁç Branch Manager The verb 'is'
-ï-¢√-•’: í¬ ÖØ√o-†E).
in the sub clause, though the MC Verb told
i) Ñ éÀçü¿ ÉÆæ’h†opronunciation ™
is in the past tense is correct.
a) cat, bag, rat, bank a ûÁLÊ°
That's so because not only when
¨¡¶«lEo Ç Åéπ~®Ωç éÀçü¿ UûªûÓ -
ûÁ-L-ߪ’-°æ-®Ω’-Ææ’hØ√oç. Öü∆: cat - é¬ö¸ he told me yesterday, but also
– -é¬- éÀçü¿ Uûª cat ™ é¬ ¨¡•lçí¬ now he is here and likely, in future too, he
will be here. Cases like this are exceptions
Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’éÓ¢√L.
b) bird ™«çöÀ ´÷ô™x 'ir' ¨¡•lç English èπ◊ to the rule. Refer also to spoken English
v°æûËuéπç. Ñ ¨¡•lç Ææ÷*ç-îª-ö«-EéÀ > í∫’®Ω’h- ¢√-úø’- lessons Nos. 135, 136, 137 and 138.
ûª’Ø√oç. Öü∆: Bird - •>ú˛ curd - éπ>ú˛. v°æ¨¡o:
c) ã ´÷ô-™ E à Åéπ~®Ωç O’ü¿®·Ø√ ' ' í∫’®Ω’h Öçõ‰
i)
Ç Åéπ~®Ωç ûÁLÊ° ¨¡¶«lEo ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. ÉçTx≠ˇ ´÷ö«x-úø-ö«-EéÀ, ®√ߪ’-ú≈-EéÀ Ææ’´÷-®Ω’í¬
burial - ¶„J-ߪ’™¸ fire - °∂æߪ’ general- ïv†™¸
áEo °æü∆©’ ´ÊÆh ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’çC?
interrupt- Éçô-®Ω°ˇd. ii) Being ᙫ-¢√-ú≈™ îÁ°æpí∫-©®Ω’.
(Åéπ~®Ωç éÀçü¿ ' ' í∫’®Ω’h Ç ¨¡¶«lEo ûªèπ◊\´ °æ-LÍ陫 – Èé. ¢Áçéπ-õ‰-¨¡y®Ω’x, *†-´’-†-í∫’çúøç
Ææ÷*-Ææ’hçC). marry - ´÷J mature - ¢Á’Š-ï-¢√-•’:
measure - ¢Á’ï (ï, pleasure ™ 'ï— ™«í∫) i) Oxford/ Longman's dictionaries *´®Ω
murder- ´’>úø murmur- ´’>´’ owe - ã 'defining vocabulary' list
ÅE Öçô’çC.
require - Jéπyߪ’ retire - Jôߪ’ scatter - Åçü¿’™ °æü∆©’ ØË®Ω’a-èπ◊çõ‰ î√©’, ´÷´‚-©’í¬
≤ƒ\>ô sorry - ≤ƒJ survive - Ææ´-®·¢˛ tire - ´÷ö«x-úø-ö«-EéÀ.
ôߪ’. ii) Being = Å™« Öçúøôç ´©x, Åçü¿’-´©x ÅE.
ii) Ææ´÷-üµ¿’-© -é¬-°æJ = Being tall, he can play well = §Òúø’í¬_
burial ground/ grave yard/ cemetery Öçúøôç ´©x/ -§Ò-úø’-í∫-´ôç ´©x Åûª†’ ¶«í¬
keeper.
Çúø-í∫-©úø’.
- M. SURESAN
-¨¡Ÿ-véπ-¢√®Ωç 16 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2007
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 274
Prasad: Hi Prakash, good to see you. I'm (I
am) driving to selall super stores for a bit of
shopping. How about coming along? Along
with the shopping we can have a bite and
some hot coffee to warm our bodies.
(E†’o îª÷úøôç î√™« ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ÖçC.
Shopping îËü∆l-´’E selall super stores èπ◊ (Car
™) ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’Ø√o. Ø√ûÓ ®√èπÿ-úøü¿÷? Shopping
ûÓ¶«ô’ é¬Ææh àüÁjØ√ AE, ´’† üË£æ…Lo ¢Áîªa-•-®Ω--éÌ-
ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ é¬Ææh ¢ËúÕ coffee û√í∫’ü∆ç.
Drive = àüÁjØ√ motor ¢√£æ«†ç (Bus/ Car/
Two wheeler) ™ ¢Á∞¡xôç. Ééπ\úø Car.
How about coming along?
Prakash: Who's that next to you in the car?
Oh, Pramod, it's you? Well, I don't mind, but I
have some work at a place further down the
road. I have a bit of shopping to do too. After
that you return and I'll walk along.
(Car ™ F °æéπ\† á´®Ω÷? v°æ¢Á÷ü˛, †’¢√y? Car
™ O’ûÓ ´≤ƒh†’, é¬F ÅüË road ™ é¬Ææh´ûª© Ø√èπ◊
°æ†’çC. ؈÷ éÌçûª shopping îËߪ÷L. shop-
ping Å®·ç-ûª-®√yûª †’´¤y AJT ¢ÁRx§Ú, ؈’ †úÕ*
¢ÁRx-§Úû√.)
Prasad: (Do) you mean you will walk back all
the distance?
(´’Sx ¢Á·ûªhç ü¿÷®Ωç †úÕ* ´≤ƒh-†ç-ö«¢√?)
Prakash: Don't worry, from there my uncle will
take me along to the railway station where we
have to receive our cousin. After that he will
drop me home.
(àç °∂æ®√y-™‰-ü¿’™‰. Åéπ\-úÕ-†’ç* ´÷ uncle ††’o
ûª†ûÓ railway station èπ◊ BÆæ’-Èé-∞¡-û√úø’, ´÷
cousin †’ station ™ receive îËÆæ’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊. Ç
ûª®√yûª ††’o Éçöx Cí∫-¶„-úø-û√úø’.)
Prasad: How is your uncle's building coming
along? It's massive structure. When is it likely
to be completed?
(O’ uncle éπúø’-ûª’†o building áçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ´*açC?
î√™« ¶µ«K éπôdúø¢Ë’ ÅC. á°æ¤púø’ °æ‹®Ωh-´¤-ûª’çC?)
Prakash: It's almost complete. He wants your
advice on the colour scheme because you
are an architect.
(ü∆ü∆°æ¤ °æ‹®Ωh-®·çC. ÉçöÀéÀ ¢Ë®·çîË ®Ωçí∫’© N≠æ-
ߪ’ç™ Çߪ’-†èπ◊ F Ææ©£æ… é¬¢√-Lô, †’´¤y archi-
tect 鬕öÀd.)
Architect Åçõ‰ ûÁ©’Ææ’ éπü∆ – Building
plan, Åçûª-éπçõ‰ ´·êuçí¬ Ç鬮Ωç ´çöÀ N≠æ-
ߪ÷©’ ûÁL-Æœ† ¢√Ææ’h-PLp.
Prasad: I'll be along whenever he wants me,
though I prefer a Sunday.
(Çߪ’-ØÁ-°æ¤púø’ ®Ω´’tçõ‰ ؈°æ¤púø’ ´≤ƒh. Å®·ûË ÇC-
¢√®Ωç Å®·ûË Ø√èπ◊ áèπ◊\´ ≤˘éπ-®Ωuçí¬ Öçô’çC.)
Prakash: He wants flowering plants inside,
along the walls enclosing the building.
(Building ô÷d Ö†o íÓúø© ¢Áç•úÕ ™°æ© °æ‹©-
¢Á·-éπ\-©†’ °çî√-©E Çߪ’† ņ’-éÌç-ô’-Ø√oúø’.)
Prasad: I'll help him select the plants too. OK.
Come along. Let's go.
(Ç Plants/ ¢Á·éπ\© áç°œ-éπ™ èπÿú≈ ØËØ√-ߪ’-†èπ◊
≤ƒßª’ç-îË≤ƒh. ®√. ¢Á∞«lç.)
☺ ☺ ☺ ☺ ☺ v°æߪ÷ùç™ (îªü¿’-´¤-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊) FûÓ-§ƒô’ éÌEo
Conversational English
™ ûª®Ωîª’í¬ NE-°œçîË ´’®Ó
along, Ç ´÷ôûÓ ´îËa combinations. ¢√öÀ
´÷ô
¢√úø’éπ î√™« ûª®Ω--í¬ØË é¬èπ◊çú≈ î√™« Ææ’©¶µºç èπÿú≈.
Along Å®√n©’, Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬©’ É°æ¤púø’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç.
1) Along - (áèπ◊\´í¬ ¢√úË Å®Ωnç) – äéπ¢Áj°æ¤ †’ç*
ÉçéÓ¢Áj°æ¤ (îª÷úøôç/ †úø-´ôç ™«çöÀN)
a) He walked along the road = ÅûªØ√ ®Óú˛ ¢Áç•úË
(äéπ *´J †’ç* ÉçéÓ *´J ¢Áj°æ¤) †úÕ-î√úø’.
b) I looked along the buildings for the one I
wanted = Ç ¢Ë’úøLo äéπ¢Áj°æ¤ †’ç* ÉçéÓ-¢Áj°æ¤
building
îª÷¨»†’ Ø√é¬\-´-©-Æœ† éÓÆæç.
2) along - ¢Áç•úÕ.
a) There are trees along the beach - Ç beach
¢Áç•úÕ îÁô’x-Ø√o®·.
b) There are beautiful buildings along the right
side of the road = Road
èπ◊ èπ◊úÕ-¢Áj-°æçû√ (èπ◊úÕ-
¢Áj°æ¤ ¢Áç•úÕ) Åçü¿-¢Á’i† éπôd-ú≈-©’-Ø√o®·.
3) along - äéπ-îÓ-öÀ-†’ç* éÌçîÁç ü¿÷®Ωç™.
a) His office is along the road from the theatre
-ÅûªE office road
Ç ™ØË theatre èπ◊ ´·çü¿’/
Å´ûª© éÌçîÁç ü¿÷®Ωç™ ÖçC. (Theatre
¢ÁjÊ°)
b) The X Ray room is along the corridor from
the consulting room = (doctor
Ç †úø-¢√™ØË
consulting room
(Ææçv°æ-CçîË í∫C) †’ç* éÌçûª-
ü¿÷-®Ωç™ ÅüË-¢Áj°æ¤ áé˙q Í® í∫C ÖçC.
Now look at the following sentences from
the dialogue above.
1) How about coming along?
2) I'll walk along.
3) My uncle will take me along to the railway
station.
4) How is your uncle's building coming along?
5) I'll be along whenever he wants me.
6) He wants flowering plants inside, along the
walls enclosing the building.
1) coming along =
éπLÆœ/ ûÓ ®√-´-ôç.
a) How about coming along? =
Ø√ûÓ áçü¿’èπ◊
®√èπÿ-úøü¿÷? (®√, ÅE)
b) We are going to a movie; come along =
¢Ë’ç ÆœE´÷Èé∞¡ŸhØ√oç, ´÷ûÓ ®√.
c) Wherever he goes, his dog goes along =
¢√úÁ-éπ\-úÕéÀ ¢Á∞Ïh ¢√úÕ èπ◊éπ\ èπÿú≈ Åéπ\-úÕ-Èé-∞¡ŸhçC.
2) Walk/ go/ move along = ´·çü¿-J-Èé-∞¡}ôç.
a) He walked along without listening to what I
was saying = ؈’ îÁÊ°pC NE-°œç--éÓ-èπ◊çú≈ †úø’-
-èπ◊çô÷ (´·çü¿-JéÀ) ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’.
b) Move along. You are obstructing others =
éπü¿’©’. (Çí∫èπ◊, ´·çü¿’èπ◊ †úø’). Éûª-®Ω’-©-†-úøf-
T-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤.
c) He drove along looking at the lines of faces
on either side = É®Ω’-¢Áj-°æ¤™« Ö†o ´·ë«©
car
´®Ω’Æ憒 îª÷Ææ÷h †úø’-°æ¤-éÌçô÷ ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’.
Walk/ go/ move along - Ñ éπü¿-L-éπ-©†’ ûÁLÊ°
´÷ô© °æéπ\† along ¢√úË îÓôxçû√ on èπÿú≈
¢√úø-´îª’a.
Let's move along = Let's move on =
´·çü¿’èπ◊ ¢Á∞«lç.
He drove along = He drove on =
†úø’-°æ¤-éÌçô÷ ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’.
3) My uncle will take me along to the railway
station =
´÷ ´÷´’ߪ’u/ ¶«¶«®·/ °ü¿l-Ø√†o
ûª†ûÓ ††’orailway station
èπ◊ BÆæ’-Èé-∞¡-û√úø’.
a) He takes his dog along on his morning walks
= Çߪ’†morning walk èπ◊ ¢Á∞Ï}-ô-°æ¤úø’ ûª†ûÓ ûª†
èπ◊éπ\†’ BÆæ’-Èé-∞¡-û√úø’.
Take along = ûª†ûÓ éπLÆœ BÆæ’-Èé-∞¡xôç.
b) Take along some books on the journey =
°æ¤Ææh-鬩’ BÆæ’-Èé∞¡Ÿ}.
4) How's your uncle's building coming along? =
O’uncleéπôdúøç áçûª-´®Ωèπ◊ ´*açC? (ü∆E v°æí∫A
ᙫ ÖçC?)
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
a) Suman: How is she coming
along in her studies?
(îªü¿’´¤™ Ç¢Á’ v°æí∫A/ ÅGµ-
´%Cl¥/ Progress ᙫ ÖçC?)
Naveen: Oh, she is coming
along fine. She is the topper
in her class. progress
(Ç¢Á’
class first)
î√™« ¶«í∫’çC. ûª† ™ Ç¢Á’ v°æ¨¡o:
b) Things are coming along well for him in his
In order to, In respect of .. Ñ preposi-
career =
1.
ÅûªE ´%Ah ¢√u°æ-鬙x ÅEo N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ tionsÅ®√n©’, -ᙫ ¢√ú≈™ N´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’.
Åûª-EéÀ ¶«í¬/ ņ’-èπÿ©çí¬ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’-Ø√o®·. 2. Rather than, remains closed from - OöÀ
c) The movie is coming along nicely says the
Å®√n©’, Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-TçîË Nüµ∆†ç îÁ°æpçúÕ.
director =
ÆœE´÷ î√™« ¶«í¬ ´≤Úhç-ü¿E/ †úø’- 3. Depend upon, Depend on ûËú≈ àN’öÀ?
≤Úhç-ü¿E ü¿®Ωz-èπ◊-úøç-ô’-Ø√oúø’. 4. So that Å®√nEo Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ùûÓ îÁ°æpçúÕ.
5) I'll be along whenever he wants me =
– Èé. ¢Áçéπ-õ‰-¨¡y®Ω’x, §ÒCL-
Çߪ’†Èé°æ¤púø’ 鬢√-©çõ‰ ؈-°æ¤p-úÌ-≤ƒh†’. ï-¢√-•’:
Ö†o Ééπ\úÕ expression = be along = áéπ\-úÕ-ÈéjØ√ In order to = Åçü¿’éÓÆæç, Åçü¿’èπ◊.
In order to meet the CM, he went to
®√´ôç.
Hyderabad (CM †’ éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ Çߪ’†
£j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛èπ◊ ¢Á∞«xúø’)
You have to work hard in order to get a
good rank. rank
(´’ç* ûÁa-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊, ¶«í¬
éπ%≠œ îËߪ÷L)
Å®·ûË In order to ¢√úË -•-ü¿’-©’ 'to' ¢√úÕûË ÆæJ-
a) Go ahead. I'll (I will) be along in a few min-
§Ú-ûª’çC. ÅC simple í¬ natural í¬ Öçô’çC.
In order to éÌçîÁç §ƒçúÕûªuç,
utes =
) †’´¤y °æü¿. éÌCl EN’-≥ƒ™x ؈÷ ´≤ƒh. ví¬ç-C∑éπç. ¢√úø-éπ-§ÚûË ´’ç*C.
b) I'm (I am) going for a walk. Will you be along?
In respect of = í∫’Jç*, °æ¤®Ω-Ææ \-Jç-
= ؈’ walking èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡ŸhØ√o. †’´¤y ´≤ƒh¢√?
-éÌE, Ææç•ç-Cµç-*†. Ñ expres-
c) He will be along soon. We can discuss the
sion èπÿú≈ business, official lan-
matter with him. =
guage ©™ØË áèπ◊\´ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’.
Åûª†’ ûªy®Ω™ØË ´≤ƒhúø’.
´’†ç Ñ N≠æߪ’ç ÅûªEûÓØË îªJaç-îª-´îª’a. Money in respect of the work already done
É¢Ë é¬èπ◊çú≈, along with ÅØË ´÷ô èπÿú≈ ÖçC. has been paid = Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ °æ‹®Ωh-®·†
D†®Ωnç– 'ûÓÆæ£æ…—. °æEéÀí¬†÷, úø•’s îÁLxç-îË-¨»®Ω’.
a) The building along with its expensive furni-
The teacher did not say anything in respect
ture was sold for a small amount = Furniture
of the absentee students = class stu-
èπ◊ ®√E
building
dents teacher
ûÓÆæ£æ… Ç †’ ûªèπ◊\´ üµ¿®Ωèπ◊ Ţ˒t-¨»®Ω’. †’ í∫’-Jç-* àç îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿’.
b) The man along with his wife and children
In respect of O©-®·-†çûª´®Ωèπ◊ ¢√úø-èπ◊çú≈
were killed in the accident =
Åûª†’, ¶µ«®√u- Öçúøôç ´’ç*C (In order to ™«í∫). In respect
°œ-©x©ûÓ Ææ£æ… v°æ´÷-ü¿ç™ ´’®Ω-ùÀç-î√úø’. of ¢√ú≈-Lq†îÓô concerning é¬F, about é¬F
ÉO along ûÓ ´îËa ´÷ô©’. Practice îËߪ’çúÕ. ¢√úøôç ´’ç*C - simple.
EXERCISE
2) Rather than - ´’E-éÀ-≠dç
æ ™‰E äéπ-ü∆-E-éπçõ‰/
Practice the following aloud in English. äéπ-ü∆E •ü¿’©’ ÅE D†®Ωnç.
Ram: FûÓ á´-JE BÆæ’-éÌ-î√a´¤? a) Rather than go to a matinee in this hot
Prem: Éü¿l-JE. Ø√ cousin †’, ÉçéÓ friend †’. sun, I will sit at home and watch the TV =
Ram: ¢√Rx-ü¿l-JF ´’†ç É°æ¤púø’ car ™ BÆæ’-Èé-∞«}™«? Éçûª áçúø™ matinee éÀ -¢Á-∞Ï} •ü¿’©’/ éπçõ‰,
Prem: Å´¤†’. Car ™ °æúøû√ç éπü∆? Éçöx èπÿE TV îª÷Ææ’hç-ö«†’.
b) He'd rather have a cooled drink than cof-
Ram: °æúøû√ç é¬E, é¬Ææh É®Ω’-éπE°œçîª-´îª’a.
fee-
(cramped = É®Ω’èπ◊) Åûª†’ 鬰∂‘ •ü¿’©’ xöÀ §ƒFߪ’ç É≠æd-°æ-ú≈fúø’.
Prem: Å™« Ææ®Ω’l-èπ◊çü∆ç. §Úü∆ç°æü¿. (drive ¢√úøçúÕ) É™«çöÀîÓôx, Åçõ‰ È®çúø’ ¢ËÍ®y®Ω’ ´®√_-©èπ◊ îÁçC†
Ram: O’ father operation ûª®√yûª ᙫ ÖØ√o®Ω’? ¢√öÀ-E §Ú™‰a-ô°æ¤p-úø’ than ¢√úøç. Rather than
Prem: ¶«í¬ éÓ©’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’. E†o ™‰* A®Ω-í∫-í∫-L-í¬®Ω’
´÷vûª¢Ë’ ¢√úøû√ç.
Remains closed - ´‚Æœ Öçô’çC.
èπÿú≈.
Ram: ¶«í∫’çC. The college remains closed from today = Ñ
®ÓV †’ç* ´‚Æœ Öçô’çC. (Will remain
Prem: ᙫ ¢Á∞«lç?
closed ÅE èπÿú≈ ņ-´îª’a)
Ram: Ñ road ¢Áç•úË ¢ÁR} '¨¡Ÿ¶µºç— éπ∞«u-ù-´’ç-úø°æç
3) Depend on/ depend upon - È®ç-úø÷ äéπõ‰.
ü¿í∫_®Ω áúø-´’-¢Áj°æ¤ A®Ω’-í∫’ü∆ç. ´’†ç ¢Á∞«x-LqçC, Å®·ûË sentence *´®Ω depend ´*a-†-°æ¤úø’
Ç éπ∞«u-ù-´’ç-úø°æç ¢ÁjÊ° é¬Ææh ü¿÷®Ωç™ Ö†o upon, better.
building.
He depends on me for everything.
ANSWER
In times of need, be sure that I am here for
Ram: Who did you bring along?
you to depend upon.
Prem: Two. My cousin and another friend.
(Å´-Ææ®Ωç ´*a-†-°æ¤púø’,
Ram: Have we to take them along in the car?
¢√£æ«-Ø√Eo †’´¤y Çüµ∆-®Ω-°æ-úËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ؈’-Ø√o-†E ..)
(Do we have to ... ?) 4) So that ÅØËC purpose (ÖüËl-¨»Eo)
Prem: Yes. The car can hold all of us, can't it? ûÁ©’°æ¤-ûª’çC.
He looked the room so that no one could
(hold = °æôdôç)
Ram: It does, of course, but we may feel a lit- enter it. (á´®Ω÷ v°æ¢Ë-Pç-îª-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊
tle cramped. í∫CéÀ û√∞¡ç °ö«dúø’)
Prem: Let's adjust. Let's drive along. He put the money in the bank so that it
Ram: How is your father after the operation? might be safe (úø•’s ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊/
Prem: He is coming along fine. He was able to bank
Öçô’ç-ü¿E Åûª†’ ü∆Eo ™ ¢Ë¨»úø’)
move about too, yesterday. He walked fast so that he might not miss
Ram: Good. the bus = Bus miss
Å´-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊
Prem: How do we go now? ¢Ëí∫çí¬ †úÕ-î√úø’.
Ram: We drive along this road and turn left at Å®·ûË So that •ü¿’©’ î√-™«-îÓôx to é¬F, to be able
Subham Kalyana Mandapam. The to é¬F ¢√úÕûË simple í¬ Öçô’çC. ÅEoîÓ-ö«x é¬ü¿’.
place we've to go to is along the street
from Subham.
- M. SURESAN
-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 18 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2007
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 275
Niranjan: Hi Nirupama, you are late again.
(E®Ω’-°æ´÷, †’´¤y ´’Sx Ç©Ææuç.)
Nirupama: Sorry sir, I was caught up in a
nasty traffic jam. The flyover
under construction is holding up
the traffic. Vehicles were moving
at a snail's pace.
(Sorry, traffic jam
°∂æ’®Ω-¢Á’i† ™
flyover
É®Ω’-èπ◊\-§Ú-ߪ÷†’. Åéπ\úø E®√t-
ùç™ Öçúøôç ´©x ¢√£æ«-Ø√-©Fo †ûªh-
†-úøéπ †úÕ-î√®·.)
Nasty - Aô’d-°æü¿ç – °∂æ’®Ω-¢Á’i†/ £‘«†-¢Á’i†/ ...
etc. snail's pace = snail = †ûªh; pace = ¢Ëí∫ç.
He is good at cricket
Niranjan: Even the construction of the fly-
over is at a snail's pace. God
knows when it will be complete.
(Flyover E®√tùç èπÿú≈ †ûªh-†-úøéπ™«
≤ƒí∫’-ûÓçC. ÅüÁ°æ¤púø’ °æ‹®Ωh-´¤-ûª’çüÓ
üË´¤-úÕÍé ûÁL-ߪ÷L.)
Nirupama: I usually start at home at 9
expecting to be here at 9.45. But
from tomorrow onwards I'll start a
little earlier. At any rate not later
than 8.45.
(´÷´‚-©’í¬ ØËEçöx 9 éÀ •ßª’-©’-üË-
®Ω-û√†’ Ééπ\-úÕéÀ 9.45 éπ™«x ÖçúÌîªaE.
é¬E Í®°æ-öÀ-†’ç* é¬Ææh ´·çüË •ßª’-©’-
üË-®Ω-û√†’. àüË-´’-®·Ø√, 8.45 ü∆ô-
èπ◊çú≈ •ßª’-©’-üË-®Ω-û√†’.)
Niranjan: That's good. There are three
more reports to be got ready. At
any cost they must be over by 4
this evening.
(´’ç*üË. Éçé¬ ´‚úø’ reports Æœü¿l¥ç
鬢√Lq ÖØ√o®·. àüË-¢Á’iØ√ ÅN É¢√∞¡
Ø√©’-Tç-öÀ-éπ™«x °æ‹®Ωh-¢√L.)
Nirupama: At all costs they will be ready by 4
sir.
(àüË-¢Á’iØ√ Å´Fo èπÿú≈ Ø√©’-Tç-öÀéÀ
ûªßª÷-®Ω-´¤-û√®·.)
Niranjan: OK. I know you'll do it. When you
are around, I feel at ease.
(ÆæÍ®, Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’ †’´¤y îËÊÆ-≤ƒh-´E.
†’´¤y ü¿í∫_-®Ω’çõ‰ Ø√Íé *çû√ Öçúøü¿’.)
Nirupama: Thank you, sir.
Niranjan: Look here, Nirupama. There's a
small problem - a complaint from
our head office - one of the
reports we sent last week, they
say, is at odds with the one we
had sent earlier. How did that
happen?
(äéπ *†o Ææ´’Ææu – Head office ¢√∞¡x
†’ç* ã compliant – ´’†ç éÀçü¿öÀ
¢√®Ωç °æç°œ† reports ™ äéπöÀ
´’†ç Åçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ °æç°œ† report
èπ◊ Gµ†oçí¬ Öçü¿E. ÅüÁ™« ïJ-TçC?
Nirupama: I'm sure it's not our fault. I checked
and rechecked all the reports
before I sent them. I sat for three
hours at a stretch to make sure
that nothing was wrong.
(ÅC ´’† ûª°æ¤p-é¬-ü¿E ؈’ éπ*aûªçí¬
†´·t-ûª’-Ø√o†’. à §Ò®Ω-§ƒô÷ ®√èπ◊çú≈
Öçúø-ö«-EéÀ ؈’ ´‚úø’-í∫çô©§ƒô’
ü∆E N≠æ-ߪ’¢Ë’ îª÷¨»†’.)
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
Niranjan: I am sure too there wasn't any b) You think you can get the
error from our side. The mistake car cheap. At any rate it's
must be at the H.O. itself. not going to be less than
Rs. 3 lac. = car
(؈÷ ´’†-¢Áj°æ¤ †’ç* à §Ò®Ω-§ƒô’ (Ç îª´-éπí¬
™‰ü¿E éπ*aûªçí¬ ÖØ√o. §Ò®Ω-§ƒô’ éÌØÁ-ߪ÷u-©E ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o´¤.
head office ™ØË Öçú≈L.) àüË-¢Á’iØ√ ÅC Fèπ◊ 3 ©éπ~©
Nirupama: I will check up once again. ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’-©èπ◊ ûªèπ◊\-´-®√ü¿’)
(؈’ ´’Sx îª÷≤ƒh†’.) 3) At any cost – áöÀd °æJ-Æ œn-ûª’-™ x-ØÁjØ√.
a) I must reach the place at 9 at any cost =
v°æ¨¡o:
English conversation ™ 'At' ¢√úøéπç î√™« According to, Agreeably to, Along with,
áöÀd °æJ-Æœn-ûª’™x†®·Ø√ ؈éπ\úÕéÀ 9 éπ™«x îË®Ω’-éÓ-
Away from, Because of, By dint of, By
áèπ◊\´. ÅC ´’†ç-ü¿-®Ωèπÿ ûÁ©’Ææ’.

´÷´‚-©’í¬ ã v°æü˨¡ç ´·çü¿’ 'at' ¢√úÕûË Ç ¢√L.
means of, By reason of, By way of,
b) You will meet him there at any cost even
îÓô ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. Conformably to, For the sake of .
before I start =
At home (ÉçöÀ™ ), at college, at office, at
؈’ •ßª’-©’-üË-®Ω-ú≈-E-éπØ√o
-Ñ Phrase prepositions í∫’-Jç-* -ûÁ-©’í∫’-™
the theatre - Çߪ÷-îÓôx, Ç v°æüË-¨»-©™ ÅE.
´·çüË áöÀd °æJ-Æœn-A-™x-ØÁjØ√ †’´y-ûªEo éπ©’-≤ƒh´¤.
c) He wants to see her out of job at any cost
-N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’.

Time ´·çü¿’ at ¢√úÕûË Ç Ææ´’-ߪ÷-EéÀ ÅE
= à °æJ-Æœn-A-™-ØÁjØ√, à °æü¿l¥A ´©x†®·Ø√, Ç¢Á’ – Èé.-Ø√®√-ߪ’-ù, -†-™Ô_ç-úø
Å®Ωnç. ÖüÓuí∫ç™ Öçúø-èπ◊çú≈ îª÷ú≈-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o-úø- -ï-¢√-•’:
At 4 PM, at 6 PM, at 7 in the morning. i) 'to' preposition
ûª†’. èπ◊ ´÷´‚©’ Å®√n©’:
1) 'èπ◊/ éÀ— ÅE, 2) ü¿í∫_-®Ω-èπ◊, Åô’--¢Áj°æ¤.
1) He gave it to her (Ç¢Á’èπ◊)
2) She walked to the classroom = class-
room class room
-¢Áj°æ¤/ ü¿í∫_-®Ωèπ◊ †úÕ-*çC.
to = towards)
(É™«çöÀîÓôx
3) The boy went to his mother =
¢√∞¡x´’t ü¿í∫_-JéÀ ¢Á∞«xúø’.

ii) with Åçõ‰ 'ûÓ—.
´’† °æJ-Æœn-AE ûÁ©-°æ-ú≈-EéÀ ¢√úøû√ç. 4) At all costs they will be ready by 4 PM.
a) He is at work/ play/ lunch/ dinner/ a party - Please come with me = Ø√ûÓ®√.
At all costs = at any cost - Both are same.
party iii) of = 1)
í∫’-Jç-* ii) ßÁ·éπ\
Åûª†’ °æE™/ Çúø’ûª÷/ ¶µçîËÆæ÷h/ ™ 5) When you are around, I feel at ease =
a) I know of (= about = í∫’-Jç-*)
ÖØ√oúø’.
b) I am at my cousin's/ aunt's etc. = ´÷ †’´¤y ü¿í∫_-®Ω’çõ‰ Ø√èπ◊ à *çû√ Öçúøü¿’/ this.
He knew of it yesterday itself
cousin/ auntÉçöÀ™ ÖØ√o†’. ؈÷°œJ °‘©’a-èπ◊çö«.
feel at ease/ be at ease = feel relaxed/ be free (of=
á´J ÉçöÀ™ ÅØËC 's ûÓ ûÁ©-°æ-´îª’a. from worry = worry
í∫’-Jç-*)
b)
ßÁ·éπ\ – This is the property
Nv¨»ç-Aí¬, ™‰èπ◊çú≈ Öçúøôç.
He is right now at Ramesh's = Åûª-E-°æ¤púø’
a) You'll get what you want. Feel at ease/ be of my friend. (ÅûªE ßÁ·éπ\)
®Ω¢Ë’≠ˇ ÉçöÀ™ ÖØ√oúø’. (Ramesh's home/ at ease =
iv) from = †’ç*, away = ü¿÷®Ωçí¬.
house ņ-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’.)
Fé¬\-¢√-LqçC ´Ææ’hçC. Çü¿’-®√l-°æ-úøèπ◊/
worry Å´èπ◊.

at the moment = Ñ éπ~ùç™/ É°æ¤púø’. Å®·ûË O’®Ω’ ®√Æœ† phrases ™E to, with,
b) With the police any where around, he
Kumar: Hello, who's it please? of, ™«çöÀ prepositions èπ◊ v°æûËu-éπçí¬ Å®√n-
could never feel at ease = Police
Kesav: I am Kesav. Can I speak to
¢√∞¡Ÿx ©’ç-úø´¤. ÅN Ç phrases ™ ¶µ«í¬©’. Ç
prepositions ÅFo Ç ´÷ô© °æéπ\† ¢√úø’-
áéπ\-úÁjØ√ ü¿í∫_-®Ω’çõ‰, Åûª-EéÀ ÆœnN’-ûªçí¬ Öçúøü¿’.
Sadanand? c) He is never at ease when he sees some
Kumar: He is very busy at the moment. I'm
éπí¬ ´≤ƒh®·.
one happier than he/ him =
1. According to = v°æ鬮Ωç
Åûª-E-éπçõ‰ ÆæçûÓ-
afraid he can't take your call. Can
≠æçí¬ Ö†o-¢√-∞Îx-´-J-ØÁjØ√ îª÷ÊÆh Åûª-EéÀ ÆæçûÓ≠æçí¬
2. Agreeably to - ÉC-™‰ü¿’ – Agreeable to
you leave a message? Öçúøü¿’. (Ñ®Ω{u)
ÖçC. Å®Ωnç – Ææ´’tûªç.
(Ñ éπ~ùç Çߪ’† î√™« busy í¬ 6) I sat for three hours at a stretch over it =
(He is agreeable to my proposal - Ø√ v°æA-§ƒ-
ÖØ√oúø’. O’ûÓ ´÷ö«x-úø-™‰úø’. àüÁjØ√ ü∆E í∫’Jç* àéπ-üµ∆-öÀí¬ ´‚úø’ í∫çô©’ èπÿ®Ω’aØ√o.
ü¿† Åûªúø’ ä°æ¤p-èπ◊-Ø√o-úø’/- ÅC Åûª-EéÀ Ææ´’tûªç.)
îÁ°æp-´’ç-ö«®√?) At a stretch = break ™‰èπ◊çú≈, ÅüË °æEí¬.
3. Along with = ûÓÆæ£æ…

At war, at peace, at some distance - a) He established a record for nonstop
The house along with its furniture has
at singing by singing for 72 hours at a stretch
been sold =
Ééπ\-úøçû√ èπ◊ Å®Ωnç, ™ – ÅE ´Ææ’hçC.

àüÁjØ√ rate ´·çü¿’ at ¢√úøû√ç. = àéπ-üµ∆-öÀí¬ 72 í∫çô-©-§ƒô’ N®√´’ç ™‰èπ◊çú≈
furniture
record Ç É©’x, ûÓÆæ£æ… Ţ˒t-¨»®Ω’.
at Rs. 60 a dozen, at a speed of 50 Kmph
§ƒúÕ, §ƒúø-ôç™ Ææ%≠œdç-î√úø’.
4. Away from =
(Kilometres per hour), etc. b) She lectured for three hours at a stretch = ü¿÷®Ωçí¬.
He lived in a small village away from

at
àéπ-üµ∆-öÀ† 3 í∫çô-©-ÊÆ°æ¤ Ö°æ-†u-Æœç-*çC.
àüÁjØ√ í∫’ùç ûª®√yûª ´ÊÆh Ç í∫’ùç éπ© ÅE
É´Fo î√™« common phrases. Practice îËߪ’çúÕ. towns and cities -
†í∫-®√-©èπ◊ ü¿÷®Ωçí¬ *†o
Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. ví¬´’ç™ E´-Æœç-î√úø’.
a) He is good at cricket = 5. Because of = Åçü¿’-´©x
cricket
v°æ¨¡o: Enter ûª®√yûª into preposition ¢√úÌ-ü¿lE
-Å-ûª-úø’ ¶«í¬ Çúø-û√úø’. Åçö«®Ω’. éÌEo ¢√é¬u™x -Å-™« -Öç-öç-C. Because of his laziness he failed
b) She is poor at understanding others = Into ᙫ ¢√ú≈™ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. = ≤Ú´’Jûª†ç ´©x
Éûª-®Ω’-©-†®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-™‰-ü∆¢Á’. (Ç¢Á’é¬ ¨¡éÀh-™‰ü¿’) Enter into the new session. 6 &7) By dint of = By means - Åçü¿’-
c) He is clever at getting help from others = We are entering into London. ´‚-©çí¬/ ü∆E Ææ£æ…-ߪ’çûÓ.
He succeeded by dint of/ by means of his
Éûª-®Ω’-© Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç §Òçü¿-ôç™ ûÁL-N-í∫-©-¢√úø’. Take permission before enter into the room..
hard work
Now look at the following sentences from ÅE ®√Ææ’hç-ö«®Ω’ éπü∆? – -á-Ø˛.Ææ-ûªuç, -Ç-C-™«-¶«-ü˛ (éπ%≠œ-´-©x/- éπ%≠œ Ææ£æ…-ߪ’çûÓ)
8. By reason of =
the conversation at the beginning of the -ï-¢√-•’: -Ç é¬-®Ω-ùçí¬
lesson. Enter ûª®√yûª into ¢√úøôç Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo•öÀd Öçô’çC. By means of their quarrel, they lost their
1) Vehicles were moving at a snail's pace = äéπ v°æüË-¨¡ç-™éÀ v°æ¢Ë-Pç-îªôç Å®·ûË, enter ÅØË money = ¢√∞¡x §Úö«xô 鬮Ω-ùçí¬ úø•’s©’
¢√£æ«-Ø√©’ †ûªh-†-úøéπ †úø’-Ææ’h-Ø√o®·. (î√™« Eü∆- Åçö«ç, into ®√ü¿’. Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù-™éÀ/ N¢√-ü¿ç-™éÀ/ §ÚíÌ-ô’d-èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’.
ä°æpç-ü∆-EéÀ Cí∫ôç Å®·ûË enter into Åçö«ç. 9. By way of - i) Ç Nüµ¿ç-í¬/- ü∆-EéÀ ´÷®Ω’í¬.
†çí¬)
a) Enter a place (room, college, town, etc) We had bread and fruit by way of lunch
a) Work on the flyover is progressing at a
snail's pace = Flyover b) enter into a conversation/ discussion/ agree- = bread,
°æçúøx®Ω÷°æç™ lunch BÆæ’-èπ◊Ø√oç.
°æ†’©’ î√™« ´’çü¿-éÌ-
úÕí¬ †úø’-Ææ’h-Ø√o®·. ment = lunch
•ü¿’©’ bread, °æçúø÷x BÆæ’-èπ◊Ø√oç.
b) His book will take a long time to complete. 1. Entering into the new session ÉC correct. 10. conformably to: Ñ ´÷ô English ™ ™‰ü¿’.
He is writing at a snail's pace = ÅûªE °æ¤Ææhéπç éÌûªhsession ™éÀ Åúø’-T-úøôç. 11. for the sake of = Åçü¿’-éÓ-Ææ¢Ë’.
°æ‹®Ωh-´-ö«-EéÀ î√™«é¬©ç °æúø’-ûª’çC. Åûª†’ î√™« 2. We are entering into London ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’, We are a) He murdered the child for the sake of
Eü∆-†çí¬ ®√Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’. entering London - correct a few thousand rupees = éÌEo ¢Ë©
2) At any rate. àüË-¢Á’iØ√, ´’£æ… Å®·ûË. 3. Take permission before enter into the room - ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’© éÓÆæç Ç Gúøf†’ £æ«ûªu î˨»úø’.
Take permission before you enter b) He came here for the sake of a job,
a) I will try to start as early as I can, at any
ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’.
the room - correct.
rate not later than 8 = O©-®·-†çûª ûªy®Ωí¬ ÖüÓuí∫ç éÓÆæç Ééπ\-úÕéÀ ´î√aúø’. Ñ
•ßª’-©’-üË-Í®ç-ü¿’èπ◊ v°æߪ’-Ao≤ƒh. àüË-¢Á’iØ√ 8 éπçõ‰ India entered into an agreement with Å®ΩnçûÓ for the sake of = for.
America - into
Ééπ\úø Å´-Ææ®Ωç.
´·çüË (ûª®√yûª é¬èπ◊çú≈). - M. SURESAN
-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 20 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2007
276
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
Saran: Visal, You appear busy. (Are you)
going somewhere?
busy
(î√-™« í¬ éπ†°æ-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o´¤. áéπ\-úÕ-
ÈéjØ√ ¢Á∞¡Ÿh-Ø√o¢√?)
Visal: Yes. I'm going for a bit of shopping.
( shopping
Å´¤†’. é¬Ææh îËü∆l-´’E •ßª’-™‰l-
®√†’/ ¢Á∞¡Ÿh-Ø√o†’)
Saran: I'm not surprised. Whenever I see
you, you are out shopping. I'm afraid
that at this rate hardly anything will
be left for others to buy.
(Ø√Íéç Ǩ¡a-®Ωuçí¬ ™‰ü¿’. E†’o ØËØÁ-°æ¤púø’
îª÷ÆœØ√ shopping îËߪ’-ö«-EéÀ ¢Á∞¡⁄h
I AM AT SEA WHAT TO WEAR
Öçö«-´¤. Ñ Nüµ¿çí¬/ Ñ B®Ω’† shops
™ éÌØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ -É-ûª-®Ω’-©èπ◊ -àç N’í∫-©-üË¢Á÷
ÅE ņ’-´÷-†çí¬ ÖçC)
Visal: (Do you) Know what my old man/ dad
says? ''If you shop at this rate, you'll
(you will) end up penniless''
(´÷ Ø√ØËo-´’ç-ö«úÓ ûÁ©’≤ƒ? É™« †’´¤y
shopping îËÆæ÷h §ÚûË †’´¤y °j≤ƒ ™‰èπ◊çú≈
§Úû√´¤—— ÅE.)
(Old man Åçõ‰ Ééπ\úø Ø√†o ÅE. éÌçîÁç Ææyûªç-
vAç* dad •ü¿’©’ ¢√u´-£æ…-J-éπçí¬ -¢√-úË-´÷-ô.
ûÁ©’-í∫’-™†÷ Åç-ô’ç-ö«®Ω’ éπü∆– ´÷ ¶«•’
Ü®Ó\úø’ ÅE).
Penniless = îËA™ °j≤ƒ/ *Lx í∫´y ™‰èπ◊çú≈
Öçúøôç. Penny = British currency ™ Ø√ù„ç.
Plural - pence. 100 pence = 1 pound
Saran: If you don't mind, so do I feel too. I
find you spending quite a lot on
clothes and other avoidable things.
Why don't you check your spending
spree?
(†’¢Ëyç ņ’-éÓ-éπ-§ÚûË, Ø√èπÿ\ú≈ ÅüË ÅEp-
Ææ’hçC. •ôd© O’ü¿, Éûª®Ω ņ-´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’i†
´Ææ’h-´¤-©-O’ü∆ †’´¤y ¶«í¬ -ê®Ω’a °-úø-û√-´¤.
F Nîªa-©-NúÕ ê®Ω’a-†’ é¬Ææh Åü¿’-°æ¤™ °ô’d-
éÓ-èπÿ-úøü¿÷?)
Spree: (àüÁjØ√ Ææ®Ωü∆) N’AO’J îËߪ’ôç.
Spending spree = Ææ®Ω-ü∆í¬ N’A-O’J ê®Ω’a
îËߪ’ôç – Eating spree = (Ææ®Ω-ü∆í¬) N’AO’-J
A†ôç. They are on a betting spree = ¢√∞¡Ÿ}
N’A-O’J bet ©’ é¬Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’. Last lesson™
binge ÅØË ´÷ô ¢√ú≈ç. ÅD, spree äéπõ‰.
Visal: I've (I have) controlled myself a lot. In
the last few weeks I haven't spent as
much as I did earlier
(؈’ î√™« control îËÆæ’èπ◊-Ø√o†’. Ñ
í∫úÕ-*† ¢√®Ωç™ Åçûªèπ◊ -´·ç-ü¿ç-ûª -ê®Ω’a
°ôd-™‰ü¿’.)
Saran: No. What you say is at odds with
what I observe you doing. Just yes-
terday you added one more pair of
jeans to the twenty odd pairs you
have.
(àç ™‰ü¿’. †’´yç-ô’†o ü∆EéÀ, îËÆæ’h-†o-ü∆-
Eéà àç §Òçûª† ™‰ü¿’. -ØË-†’ í∫-´’-EÆæ’h-Ø√o-
†’. E†o-öÀéÀ E†o, Fèπ◊†o 20 °j *©’èπ◊
jeans èπ◊ ´’®Ó jeans ûÓúø’ î˨»´¤).
twenty odd = É®Ω-¢ÁjéÀ °jí¬/ É®Ω¢Áj + *©x®Ω.
The book costs a hundred odd rupees.
( Ç °æ¤Ææhéπç üµ¿®Ω ´ç-ü¿ *©x®Ω)
Visal: I am at it, Saran. I can't resist the
temptation to buy a thing when I like it.
(؈’ Ç °æE O’üË/Ç v°æߪ’-ûªoç-™ØË ÖØ√o.
àüÁjØ√ ´Ææ’h´¤ †*aûË ÅC éÌØ√-©ØË éÓJ-éπ†’
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
2) What you say is at odds
؈’ Åù’--éÓ-™‰†’.) with what I observe you
Temptation = Çéπ-®Ω{ù.
doing .
Resist - v°æA-°∂æ’-öÀç-îªôç/ Ééπ\úø ûªô’d-éÓ-´ôç.
( †’´¤y îÁÊ°p--C -îËÊÆ-C -î √-™«
The drunkard cannot resist the temptation of
the bottle.
-Gµ-†oçí¬ -Öç-C.- ØË-†’- í∫-´’-EÆæ’h-Ø√o-
†’)(F ´÷ô-©èπÿ îËûª-©èπÿ §Òçûª†
(û√í∫’-¶ûª’ ´’-ü¿uç Çéπ-®Ω{ù ûªô’d-éÓ-™‰úø’.) ™‰ü¿’)
The bottle = ´’-ü¿uç)
At odds with = Gµ†oçí¬/
Saran: OK. Good luck in your attempts to v°æ¨¡o: Spoken English Åç-õ‰ direct í¬ simple í¬-
§Òçûª† ™‰E/ ´uA-Í®-¢Á’i†.
spend less. Öç-ú≈-L éπ-ü∆?I don't see eye to eye with
a) His behaviour is at odds with his words =
Visal: You don't buy as much as I do, but I you in that matter -Å-ØË -•-ü¿’-©’ I disagree-
ÅûªE v°æ´-®Ωh† ÅûªE ´÷ô-©èπ◊ Gµ†oçí¬ ÖçC.
find your clothes very good. I must say ™‰-ü∆ I differ with you -Å-E I am with you
b) What he says is at odds with what the
you have good taste. there Å-ØË -•-ü¿’-©’ I agree with you- Åç-õ‰
press has reported =
(؈’ é̆oçûª †’´¤y-éÌ-†´¤. é¬F F •ôd Ææ-J-§Ú-ûª’ç-C éπ-ü∆?
î√-™« ¶«í∫’ç-ö«®·. F ÅGµ-®Ω’* ´’ç*C ÅE Åûª†’ îÁ°æ¤h-†oD, ¢√®√h °ævA-éπ™x ´*açD ûËú≈í¬
ÖØ√o®·. G. Madhusudan, Suryapet
îÁ°æpéπ ûª°æpü¿’.) 3) I selected my clothes at random
Saran: I don't know all that. I Select my
At random = äéπ °æü¿l¥-Aí¬ é¬èπ◊çú≈. ´·êuçí¬ ÉC ï-¢√-•’ :
clothes at random. No pick and O’®Ω’ îÁ°œpçC correct. Å®·ûË repetition avoid
selection
choose as you do.
N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ ¢√-úø-û√®Ω’.
îËߪ’-ö«-EéÀ conversation ™ éÌçûª variety éÓÆæç
Å°æ¤p-úø-°æ¤púø’, É™«çöÀ idiomatic expressions (I
don't see eye to eye with you) ´’†ç ¢√úø-´îª’a.
Å™«ç-öÀN ¢√úË-°æ¤púø’ Å´-ûª-L-¢√-∞¡x-èπ◊\ú≈ ÅC Å®Ωnç Å´¤-
ûª’çü∆ ™‰ü∆ ÅØËC ü¿%≠œd™ Öç-èπ◊çõ‰ communica-
tion free í¬ Öçô’çC.
°æ¨¡o:
a) The teacher selected ten students at ran-
1) ؈’ á°æ¤púø’ ®Ω´’tçõ‰ Å°æ¤púø’ F´¤ ´≤ƒh¢√?
(Ø√éπüËç- ûÁ-L-ߪ’ü¿’. àüÓ ûÓ*-†N Select dom from the class = teacher class
Ç ™ - 2) ؈’ E™a-´’†o ¢ÁçôØË F´¤ E™a-¢√L.
îËÆæ’èπ◊ç-ö«†’. °æ-ô’d-•öÀd ÉüË é¬¢√L, ÅüË 3) E†o O’®Ω’ ®ΩNûÓ ††’o £j«ü¿-®√-
鬢√L ÅE à®Ω’-éÓ†’.) †’ç-* °æC-´’ç-CE (à °æ-ü¿l¥-A-™‰-èπ◊çú≈) ᆒo-èπ◊-
¶«-ü˛èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡x-´’-Ø√o-®Ωô.
Pick and choose = ´’†-é¬\-´-©-Æ œ-†N/ †*a-†N
Ø√o®Ω’ – à v§ƒA°æC-é¬-™‰-èπ◊çú≈
b) I picked up these shirts at random = 4) ؈’ á´-JûÓ ´÷ö«x-úø-´’çõ‰
´÷vûª¢Ë’ Select îËÆæ’éÓ-´-úøç shits Select ¢√JûÓ ´÷ö«x-úø-û√-¢√?
Visal: In spite of the many clothes I buy,
Ñ †’ àüÓ Å™« îËÆæ’èπ◊Ø√o.
4) I am at it/ I will be at it = 5) ¢Á·†o- O’®Ω’ éπ%≠ægûÓ É¢√∞¡
Some times I am at sea what to wear ††’o éπ©-´-´’-Ø√o-®Ωô.
for an occasion. Too many clothes to
؈’ Ç°æE O’üË ÖØ√o/ Ç °æE O’üË Öçö«.
choose from. To be at it =ã °æE O’ü¿/ã v°æߪ’-ûªoç™ Öçúøôç. 6) ؈’ îÁ°œp† ¢ÁçôØË Ç °æE F´¤
a) You've asked me to tidy up the home and îËߪ÷L.
(ÅEo •ôd-©’ éÌ-†’-èπ◊-†o-°æp-öÀéÃÀ, àüÁjØ√
Ææçü¿-®√s¥EéÀ -àç -¢ËÆæ’éÓ-¢√-™ -ûÁ-L-ߪ’-E ÅßÁ÷- I am at it. °j Expressions ™ -¢Á-∞«x©-†o-´÷ô, ®Ω´’t-Ø√o-´ô,
´’--ߪ’ç-™ Öçö«†’. ´’K áèπ◊\´ •ôd-™xç* (†’´¤y †-†’o- É©’x Ææ®Ωl-´’-Ø√o´¤, ØËØ√°æE O’üË ´÷ö«x-úø-û√¢√, ¢Á-∞¡û√¢√ ™«çöÀ ûÁ©’í∫’ °æü∆-©èπ◊
select îËÆæ’éÓ-´-úøç èπÿú≈ éπ≠d¢ æ Ë’.) ÖØ√o.) Ææ´÷-†-¢Á’i† ÉçTx-≠ˇ °æü∆-©†’ ᙫ îÁ§ƒp™ ûÁ©-
Saran: So, the lesson is cut down your Hemanth: I've asked you to choose a good °æçúÕ?
spendiing. house that I can buy. Do you Krishna, Vizianagaram
(鬕öÀd §ƒ®∏Ωç: F ê®Ω’a-ûª-T_ç-éÓ) remember? ï-¢√-•’ :
Visal: From now on I will be at it sincererly select
i) Will you come whenever I want you/tell you
(؈’ éÌØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ É©’x îËߪ’-´’-
(É°æp-öÀ -†’ç-* ´’†-Ææ÷p¥-Jhí¬ Ç °æEO’üË- Öçö«) Ø√o-†’í¬. Fèπ◊ í∫’®Ω’hçü∆?) to come.
Vasanth: Sure. I do. I am at it
ii) You must stand up when I ask you to






(éπ*a-ûªçí¬ í∫’®Ω’hçC. Ç°æE O’üË ÖØ√o) stand up.
Sumanth: Make sure you finish the work by
Conversation english ™ î√-™« common í¬ iii) It seems yesterday you wanted me to go
the week end. with Ravi to Hyderabad.
N-E°œç-îË ûÓ ´îËa-´’-J-éÌEo expressions îª÷ü∆lç.
at
(¢√®√ç-û√-EéÀ á-™«-Èíj-Ø√ °æE °æ‹®Ωh-ßË’-™« (It seems yesterday you said that? should
Look at the following expressions from
îª÷úø’) go with Ravi to Hyderabad).
the conversation above. Ananth: From now on I will be at it and won't
iv) Will you talk to any one who I want you
1) I'm afraid that at this rate hardly anything rest until it is done.
to/ask you to talk to.
will be left for others to buy.
(É°æp-öÀ-†’ç* Ç °æE O’üË Öçö«, Å°æ-E v) It seems (that) the day before yesterday
2) What you say is at odds with what I °æ‹®Ωh-ßË’u -´-®Ωèπ◊ Nv¨¡-N’ç-’) you wanted Krishna to see/meet me
observe you doing. today.
I want it done immediately. Be at it = Ç °æE
3) I am at it/ I will be at it. Ø√èπ◊ ¢ÁçôØË Å®·-§Ú-¢√L. Ç °æE O’üË Öçúø’. vi) When I ask you to do some thing, you
4) I select my clothes at random. Ñ *†o expression, at it, english ™ î√-™« must do it at once.
5) In spite of the many clothes I buy some common. ûª®Ωîª÷ practice îËߪ’çúÕ. ¢Á∞¡x-´’-Ø√o-´ô, ÅE 'Åô—èπ◊ It seems/you seem
times I am at sea what to wear for an occa- sentences
5) ... I am at sea what to wear = ņ-´îª’a. N’í∫û√ ¢√öÀéÀ °j îª÷úøçúÕ.
sion. °æ¨¡o: :
àC -¢ËÆæ’éÓ-¢√-™ ûÁM-ôç-™‰ü¿’.
1) I'm afraid that at this rate hardly anything 1) I married ņ-èπ◊çú≈ I got married Åçö«-
To be at sea = àç îÁߪ÷u™ ûÁME í∫çü¿-®Ω-íÓ∞¡
will be left for others to buy ®Ω’ áç-ü¿’èπ◊?double V3 áçü¿’èπ◊ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-T-
ÆœnA/ àD- §ƒ©’§ÚE- ÆœnA.
(
a) I am at sea about what to do next =
É™«Íí é̆-≤ƒ-TûË/ Ñ Nüµ¿çí¬ Å®·ûË Éûª-®Ω’©’ ≤ƒh®Ω’?
éÌØËç-ü¿’-Íéç-N’-í∫-©ü¿’.) ûª®√yûª àç îÁߪ÷u™ ûÁME ÆœnA™ ÖØ√o-ØËo†’. 2) English Alphabet †’ G, Æœ,- úÕ, ->,- ÅE -Ö-îªa-Jç-
At this rate = É™«Íí ïJ-TûË/ É™«Íí é̆-≤ƒ-TûË
b) With the loss he has sustained in business î√™«? ™‰ü∆ ¶¸, Æˇ, -ú˛, ñ¸, ÅE Öîªa-Jç-î√™«?
a) Pollution is growing day by day at this rate G. Madhava Reddy, Devarakonda
he is at see how to recover =
the world will be a dead place in some ï-¢√-•’ :
countries =
¢√u§ƒ-®Ωç™ †≥ƒd©’ §ÒçC, ᙫ éÓ©’-éÓ-¢√™
鬩’≠æuç ®ÓV ®ÓVéà °J-T-§Ú- i) I married Åçõ‰ á´-JE, ÅE ûÁMôç ™‰ü¿’. Åçü¿’-
§ƒ©’-§Ú-èπ◊çú≈ Öçü¿-ûª-EéÀ.
ûÓçC. ÉüË é̆-≤ƒ-TûË éÌEo ´çü¿© à∞¡x-™ØË I married her / him/that girl, etc
Exercise: Match the words under A with éπE Å-ØÁj-Ø√
v°æ°æçîªç ´’®Ω’-¶µº÷N’ Å®·-§Ú-ûª’çC. their meanigs under B ÅØ√L. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ I got married Åçö«ç. Ééπ\úø
b) We are cutting off forests. At this rate wild Got main verb married - past participle
鬕öÀd
life will be extinct in no time. A B ¢√-úøû√ç.
( A. Speed
´’†ç Åúø-´¤-©†’ †J-Íé-Ææ’hØ√oç. ÉüË-éÌ-†-≤ƒ-TûË 1. bank eg: He got beaten thoroughly - ¶«í¬ üÁ•s©’
´†u-´’%í¬-©’ -Åçûª-Jç-*-§Ú-û√®·.) B. jump AØ√oúø’. Get èπ◊ Ñ Nüµ¿-¢Á’i† ¢√úøéπç í∫’-Jç-*
2 frugal
extinct = ÅçûªJ- ç* §Ú®·†, wild life =´†u-´’%-í¬©’ C. depend ´·çü¿J lessons îª÷-úøç-úÕ.
c) You are making to many enimies at this 3. rapid D. Economical ii) ´÷´‚-©’í¬ Öîªa-JçîË°æ¤púø’ b, c, d, g ÅØË
rate there will be none to support you. 4. dive E. extravagant Åçö«ç. ¢√öÀéÀ a, e, i, o, u îËJa-†-°æ¤úø’– ¶¸, Æˇ,
( F. fast ese, value ûÓ vowel sound†’ •öÀd
†’´¤y ´’K áèπ◊\´ ´’ç--C-E -¨¡-vûª’-´¤-©†’ îËÆæ’èπ◊ç- 5. pace
ô’-Ø√o´¤. É™«Íí é̆-≤ƒ-TûË Fèπ◊ ´’ü¿lûª’ É´y-ö«- G. unhealthy. ¢√úø-û√ç.
EéÀ á´®Ω÷ Öçúø®Ω’.) Answers 1.C 2.D 3.F 4.B 5.A
- M. SURESAN
í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 22 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2007
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 277
Harsha: Hi Sasir, welcome. How was the jour-
ney? How's everybody?
(≤ƒyí∫ûªç.
v°æߪ÷ùç ᙫ ïJ-TçC? Åçü¿®Ω÷ ᙫ
ÖØ√o®Ω’?)
Sasir: Fine. Thank you. How are you and your
people? (èπ◊™«≤ƒ. O’®Ωç-û√ ¶«í∫’-Ø√o®√?)
Harsha: Fine too. You appear travel weary. I
suggest we go home and you take
rest. (èπ◊™«-≤ƒØË. †’´¤y v°æߪ÷ù •úø-Léπ™
Ö†o-ô’d-Ø√o´¤. ÉçöÀ-Èé∞«lç, †’´¤y Nv¨»çA
BÆæ’éÓ.)
(travel weary = v°æߪ÷ù •úø-Léπ)
You are at it again
Sasir: I certainly am. Three hours on flight
followed by a whole day's train jour-
ney. Quite tedious. Where are you
going to put me up?
(Å´¤†’ Eï¢Ë’. Ø√
•Ææ áéπ\úø à®√p-ô’-îË-¨»´¤?)
Put some body up = äéπ-JéÀ •Ææ à®√pô’ îËߪ’ôç
Harsha: Where else? At my home. You stay
there. You feel absolutely at home.
(ÉçÈé-éπ\úø. ´÷ ÉçöxØË. Åéπ\úË Öçúø’. F´-
éπ\úø °æ‹Jh Ææyûªç-vûªçí¬ Öçúø-´îª’a.)
Sasir: Thank you. No other suits me so well.
But I am here on my company's busi-
ness. I can stay at any expensive
hotel at company's expense.
Harsha: True. I understand that, but we can't
have each other's company. No more of
it. Let's drive home at once. (Eï¢Ë’, Ø√éπ-
®Ωn-´’-®·çC, é¬E ´’E-ü¿l®Ωç éπL-Ææ’ç-úø™‰ç éπü∆?
Éçé¬ N≠æߪ’ç Ç°æ¤. ÉçöÀ-Èé-∞«lç-°æü¿ ¢ÁçôØË.)
Sasir: As you please. At the same time I want
you to be my guest for a day. So I'll
move to a good hotel tomorrow night
and stay there till the day after.
(F É≠ædç.
Å®·ûË †’--¢Ìyéπ\ ®ÓVèπ◊ Ø√ ÅA-C∑í¬ Öçúø’.
鬕öÀd Í®°æ¤ ≤ƒßª’çvûªç ØËØË-üÁjØ√ Hotel èπ◊
¢Á∞¡û√, á©’xçúÕ ´®Ωèπÿ Åéπ\úø Öçö«.)
Harsha: Oh come on Sasir. You stay the whole
time with me. (
ÅüËç é¬ü¿’. †’´¤y ´÷
ÉçöxØË Öçúø’.)
Sasir: You are at it again- playing the good
host and entertaining company. But
you deprive me of the money I can get
from my company. (´’Sx ÅüË °æE îËÆæ’h-
Ø√o´¤ – ´’ç* ÇAü∑∆u-Eo*a ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’-©èπ◊
Ææ®Ωü∆ îËߪ’ôç. Å®·ûË Å™« îËߪ’ôç ´©x
company †’ç* Ø√éÌîËa úø•’s éÓ™pßË’ô’d
îËÆæ’h-Ø√o´¤.)
playing = ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωnç Çúøôç. ÉC-´’-†ç-ü¿-JéÃ
ûÁ©’Ææ’. Playing Åçõ‰ äé𠧃vûª §Ú≠œç-îªúøç ÅE
èπÿú≈. NTR played Lord Krishna in a number
of movies = NTR î√™« *vû√™x éπ%≠æflg-úÕí¬ †öÀç-
î√úø’. Eï @N-ûªç™†÷ àüÁjØ√ §ƒvûª†’ E®Ωy-£œ«ç-
îªôç, play. Playing the good host = ´’ç* ÇA-
ü∑¿u-N’-îËa-¢√úÕ §ƒvûª §Ú≠œç-îªúøç– ´’ç* ÇAü∑¿uç ÉîËa-
¢√-úø’í¬ Öçúøôç.
Entertain - D†®Ωnç – NØÓü¿ç éπL-Tç-îªôç. Ééπ\úø
Å®Ωnç; ÅA-ü∑¿’-©†’, Éûª-®Ωvû√ ÉçöÀ-éÌ-îËa-¢√-∞¡x†÷
îª÷Ææ’-éÓ-´úøç.
He is good at entertaining company =
ûª†èπ◊company ÉîËa ¢√∞¡x†’ Åûª†’ ¶«í¬
îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ö«úø’.
Don't entertain him =
Åûª-EûÓ Â°ô’d-éÓ-´ü¿’l.
(ÅûªEûÓ áèπ◊\-´í¬ ÊÆo£æ«çí¬ Öçúø-´ü¿’l/ Åûª-EéÀ
’´¤ É´y´ü¿’l ÅE.)
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
Harsha: I'd hear no more of it. You are staying
the whole time with me. That's all. (؈’
ÉçÍéç N†ü¿-©’--éÓ-™‰ü¿’. †’´¤y Ééπ\-úø’-
†oçûªÊÆ°æ‹ ´÷ ÉçöxØË Öçô’-Ø√o´¤. ÅçûË.)
Sasir: OK. By the way, how's our old friend
and Police inspector Sankar?
(ÆæÍ®.
Police
ÅC-Ææ-Í®-í¬E ´’† §ƒûª N’vûª’úø’
inspector Sankar
ᙫ ÖØ√oúø’?)
Harsha: Busy as always- trying to catch crimi-
nals at large. Right now he is after a
bank robber gang. (á°æp-öÀ-™«Íí BJ-éπ-™‰-
èπ◊çú≈ ÖØ√oúø’– ûª°œpç-èπ◊ A®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o ØË®Ω-
í¬∞¡x ¢Ëô™. É°æp-öÀ-éÀ-°æ¤púø’ Bank †’ éÌ©x-íÌ-
öÀd† ´·®∏√†’ °æô’d-èπ◊ØË v°æߪ’-ûªoç™
ÖØ√oúø’.)
Sasir: He is at his best when he is out hunt-
ing criminals. I've heard he is going to
be awarded one of the police awards.
(ØË®Ω-í¬-∞¡x†’ °æô’d-èπ◊ØË v°æߪ’-ûªoç™ Ææ´’-®Ωnçí¬
´u´-£æ«-J-≤ƒhúø’. Åûª-E-ÍéüÓ police medal
´Ææ’hç-ü¿E NØ√o†’.)
Harsha: So he is. We are really happy about it,
aren't we?
(Å´¤†’, ´’†èπ◊ î√™« ÆæçûÓ-
≠æçí¬ ÖçC éπü∆?)
Sasir: Convey my congrats to him. On my
next visit I'll meet him.
(Åûª-EéÀ Ø√
Congrats
îÁ°æ¤p. ØËF-≤ƒJ ´*a-†-°æ¤púø’
ÅûªEo éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ö«†’.)
☺ ☺ ☺ ☺
Spoken English ™ at ûÓ ´îËa expressions
îª÷Ææ’hØ√oç éπü∆? É°æ¤púø’ ´’J-éÌEo expressions.
Look at the following expressions from the
dialogue above.
1) You feel absolutely at home.
2) I can stay at any hotel at company's
expenses.
3) At the sametime I want you to be my guest
for a day.
4) You are at it again.
5) Busy... always trying to catch criminals at large.
6) He is at his best when he is out hunting criminals
1) You feel absolutely at home:
At home Åçõ‰ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éπü∆– á´JE í∫’Jç*
´÷ö«xúø’ûª’Ø√o¢Á÷ ¢√∞¡x Éçöx ÅE.
a) He is at home in the evenings =
≤ƒßª’çvû√©’ Åûª†’ (¢√∞¡x) ÉçöxØË Öçö«úø’.
b) They left their children at home =
¢√∞¡x °œ©xLo ¢√∞¡x Éçöx ´C-™‰-¨»®Ω’.
(Spoken English ™ ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ω-ùçí¬– In my
house, In their house, etc., ÅE ņ®Ω’, at
home Åçö«®Ω’.)
'At home' èπ◊ Ééπ\úÕ Å®Ωnç: ÅA-ü∑¿’-©ûÓ– ´÷ Éçöx
àç ÆæçéÓ-îª-°æ-úÌü¿÷l/ O’ É™‰x ņ’éÓçúÕ/ ¢Á·£æ«-´÷-
ô-°æ-úÌü¿’l/ É•sçC °æúÌü¿’l – ÅE îÁ°æpúøç.
Feel at home during your stay = †’´¤y-†oç-ûª-
ÊÆ°æ‹ àç ¢Á·£æ«-´÷-ô-°æ-úø-èπ◊çú≈ free í¬ Öçúø’.
(ÅA-C∑ûÓ ÅØË ´÷ô) (É•sçC °æúÌü¿’l/ É•sç-Cí¬
feel Å¢Ìyü¿’l.)
I am quite at home here = Ø√éÀ-éπ\úø éÌûËhç ÅE-
°œç-îª-ôç-™‰ü¿’. ¶«í¬ ≤˘éπ-®Ωuçí¬ ÖçC. àç É•sç-
Cí¬ ™‰ü¿’.
'At home' èπ◊ ÉçéÓ Å®Ωnç, à °æØÁjØ√ î√™« ûËLí¬_
îËߪ’-í∫-©-í∫úøç/ à subject Å®·Ø√ ¶«í¬ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-
éÓ-í∫-©-í∫úøç.
a) He is quite at home with maths =
Åûª†’ í∫ùÀûªç ¶«í¬ îË≤ƒhúø’.
b) She is at home with singing that kind of
songs =
Å™«çöÀ §ƒô©’ §ƒúøôç Ç¢Á’èπ◊ Ææ’©¶µºç.
2) I can stay at any hotel at
company's expense.
At someone's expense: äéπJ
úø•’sûÓ/ ê®Ω’aûÓ.
a) I am staying in this hotel at
my company's expense =
Company hotel
ê®Ω’aûÓ ØËF
™ ÖØ√o.
b) Ministers, MLAs, MPs and government offi-
cials travel and enjoy all kinds of comforts at
public expense = MLA
´’çvûª’©’, MP
©’, ©’,
v°æ¶µº’ûªy ÅCµ-é¬-®Ω’©’ v°æñ«-üµ¿-†çûÓ v°æߪ÷-ù«©’
îË≤ƒh®Ω’, ÅEo ®Ω鬩 Ææ’ë«©÷ ņ’-¶µº-N-≤ƒh®Ω’.
c) I went there at my own expense = Ø√ úø•’s
ê®Ω’a °ô’d-èπ◊ØË Øˆ-éπ\-úÕéÀ ¢Á∞«x†’.
3) At the same time =
äéπ Å®Ωnç– ÅüË/ äÍé Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™.
You can't be talking and listening at the same
time. äÍé Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™ ´÷ö«x-úøôç, N†ôç îËߪ’-™‰´¤.
Ééπ\úÕ Å®Ωnç– Å®·ûË(but) ÅE.
a) He did help me, of course; at the sametime
he hasn't repaid the money he has borrowed
from me = Ø√èπ◊ Ææ£æ…-ߪ’-¢Á’iûË î˨»úø’, Å®·ûË Ø√
ü¿í∫_®Ω BÆæ’èπ◊†o Å°æ¤p Ø√éÀçé¬ îÁLxç-îª-™‰ü¿’.
b) Her voice was good, at the same time her
accent was horrible =
Ç¢Á’ íÌçûª’ ¶«í¬ØË ÖçC,
Å®·ûË Ç¢Á’ Öî√a-®Ωù ´÷vûªç ü∆®Ω’ùç.
c) She was able to pay the bill, at the same
time she was angry at the bill amount = Bill
bill
îÁLxç-îª-í∫-L-TçC Ç¢Á’, Å®·ûË Åçûª °ü¿l ¢Á·ûªhç
Å´ôç Ç¢Á’èπ◊ éÓ°æç ûÁ°œpç-*çC.
4) You are at it again = †’´¤y ´’Sx ÅüË îËÆæ’h-Ø√o´¤.
be at it = îËÆ œçüË ´’Sx îËߪ’ôç.
a) You are at it again - eating sweets, though
the doctor told you not to =
´’Sx ÅüË îËÆæ’h-Ø√o´¤
Doctor
B°œ Açô÷, ´ü¿lØ√o èπÿú≈.
b) He is at it again. He has cut class and gone
to a movie = Class
´’Sx ÅüË îËÆæ’h-Ø√oúø’–
ÆœE-´÷-Èé-∞«xúø’.
5) Busy ... always trying to catch criminals
at large =
ûª°œpçèπ◊ A®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o ØË®Ω-í¬-∞¡x†’ °æô’d-
busy
éÓ-´-ôç™ í¬ ÖØ√oúø’.
at large = ûª°œpç-èπ◊ A®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o (ØË®Ω-í¬∞¡Ÿx,
vèπÿ®Ω´’%í¬©’ ™«çöÀN)
a) The suspected murderer of the child is still at
large =
Ç Gúøf†’ îªç°œ† ´uéÀh ņ’èπ◊çô’†oûª†’
Éçé¬ °æ®√K™ ÖØ√oúø’.
b) The bank robbers are still at large = Bank
éÌ©x-íÌ-öÀd† ¢√Rxçé¬ °æ®√K™ ÖØ√o®Ω’/ §ÚM-Ææ’-©-éÀçé¬
*éπ\-™‰ü¿’/ ûª°œpç-èπ◊ A®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’.
c) The people in the village are scared of a
panther at large = Ç ví¬´’ v°æï©’ v°æ´÷-ü¿-éπ-®Ωçí¬
A®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o *®Ω’-ûª-°æ¤-L í∫’Jç* ¶µºßª’-°æ-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’.
Panther = *®Ω’-ûª-°æ¤L. scare = ¶µºßª’ç éπL-Tç-îªôç.
6) He is at his best when he is out hunting
criminals =
ØË®Ω-Ææ’n-©†’ ¢Ëö«úË N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ ÅûªE
íÌ°æp-ûª†ç îª÷°œ-≤ƒhúø’/ •ßª’-ô-°æ-úø’-ûª’çC.
at one's best = äéπJ íÌ°æpûª†ç •ßª’-ô-°æ-úøôç.
He is at his best while acting tragic roles = ü¿’”ê
§ƒvûª©’ †öÀç-îª-ôç™ ÅûªE íÌ°æp-ûª†ç îª÷°œ-≤ƒhúø’.
tragic = ü¿’”ê-°æ‹-Jûª¢Á’i†.
role = (Ø√ô-鬩’/ ÆœE-´÷™x) §ƒvûª.
Exercise: Match words under A with their
meanings under B
A: 1. cunning 2. disgrace 3. kernel 4. omen
5. offspring
B: A. portent B. dishonest C. children D.
shame E. central part (of an idea) F. geyser.
KEY: 1.B 2.D 3.E 4.A 5.C.
2
v°æ¨¡o: ¢√é¬u-™xE Ø√©’í∫’ ®Ωé¬--©’, °æü∆© Å´’-J-éπ†’
í∫’-Jç-* -N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’.
– Èé. ¢Áçéπ-õ‰-¨¡y®Ω’x, éπKç-†-í∫®˝
ï-¢√-•’:
Four kinds of sentences.
1) Statement
2) Questions- two kinds of questions:
i) 'wh' questions (questions beginning with
what, when, where, why, how etc)
ii) Non 'wh' questions- questions without
'wh' words like what, when, where, etc.
3) Imperative sentences. (orders, requests, etc)
4) Exclamations- sentences expressing sur-
prise/ any sudden feeling.
Word order (order of words) in the differ-
ent kinds of sentences.
1) Statement:
eg: He is my friend
Word order: He (subject) + is (verb) + my
friend
Word order of a statement: Subject + verb
That is, in a statement, the subject comes
first and the verb next.
2) Questions - Word order.
a) Wh questions:
i) Where is he?
Word order: Where (Wh word)
+ is (verb) + he (subject)
ii) Where are you going?
Word order: Where (Wh word) + are
(Helping verb) + you (subject) + going?
(Main verb). If a verb has two or more
words in it, the first word is the helping
verb, and the other words, the main verb.
b) Non wh questions:
i) Are they here? Word order: Are (verb) +
they (subject) + here
ii) Are they coming? Word order: Helping
Are (Helping verb) + they (subject) +
coming? (Main verb)
Question word order:
i) Wh word + verb + subject
áíÌ_öÀd
ii) Wh word+Helping verb+subject+Main verb
iii) Verb + subject
iv) Helping verb + subject + Main verb
Difference in the word orders of state-
ment and question: A statement has
always the subject before the verb. A ques-
tion (whether wh question or non wh ques-
tion) has verb before the subject, or the sub-
ject after the helping verb (subject in
between the helping verb and the main verb)
3) Imperative sentence: orders/ requests, etc.
In all these sentences, the subject is
always, you, which is not mentioned.
eg: i) (you) get out
ii) (you) please come in.
Word order: (You) - subject + get (Verb)
4) Exclamations: Sentences expressing sur-
prise or sudden feelings:
a) What a leader he was! (He was a very
great leader.)
Word order: What (wh word) + a leader
(noun) + he (subject) + was! (verb)
b) How tall he is! (= He is very tall)
Word order: How (wh word) + tall (adj) +
he (sub) + is! (verb)
c) How slowly he walks! (He walks very
slowly)
Word order: How (Wh word) + slowly
(adverb) + he (sub) + walks! (verb)
So the word order in an exclamation:
Wh word + Noun/ Adjective/ adverb + sub
+ verb.
These are word orders in the 4 kinds of
sentences.
- M. SURESAN
-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 25 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2007 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

ÅN î√™« ûª®Ω’-îª’í¬ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. Back Åçõ‰ (Back up Åçõ‰ ÉçéÓ Å®Ωnç –

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
Subhash: Oh ... you are back. What a relief! I
missed you a lot during your absence and lot
has happened since you left. (Å´÷t... AJ-íÌ-
î√a¢√. áçûª £æ…®·í¬ ÖçüÓ! †’´¤y ™‰†-°æ¤úø’ E†’o
î√™« miss Åߪ÷u. î√™« ïJ-TçC èπÿú≈.)
Prabhas: I missed you too. I am happy to be
back. miss
(E†’o èπÿú≈ ؈’ Åߪ÷u. AJ-íÌ-*a-†ç-
ü¿’èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-°æ-úø’-ûª’Ø√o.)
Subhash: There was a lot of back biting here
about you. People were saying behind your
back, things they dare not say in your pres-
ence.
(F ¢Á†éπ F í∫’Jç* áEo ´÷ô-©-Ø√o®Ó. F
´·çü¿’ üµÁj®Ωuçí¬ îÁ°æp-™‰E ´÷ô©’ F ¢Á†éπØ√o®Ω’.)
´÷´‚©’ Å®√n©’ ´’†ç-ü¿-Jéà ûÁ©’Ææ’. ¢Á†éπ ÅØË Å®Ωnç Computer program -™ í¬-F,
î√™« ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ωùç. back Åçõ‰ O°æ¤ ÅE èπÿú≈ éπü∆? Disk ™í¬F Ö†o Ææ´÷-î√-®√Eo
278 He carried the bag on his back= Copy The comput-
îËߪ’ôç.
Ç Ææç*E ûª† O°æ¤ O’ü¿ ¢Á÷¨»úø’. er program has been
back Åçõ‰ ¢Á†éÀ\ ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ÖçC éπü∆. backed up = Computer pro-
He took it back with him = gram copy
†’ °æ¤Ææh-éπç-™éÀ
Åûª†’ ü∆Eo ¢Á†éÀ\ BÆæ’-Èé-∞«xúø’ (AJT BÆæ’-Èé-∞«xúø’) v°æ¨¡o:
î˨»®Ω’.)
èπ◊Ka, sofa ™«çöÀ ¢√öÀ™ ´’†ç dž’-èπ◊ØË ¢Á†é𠶵«í∫ç 4) Ramana is behind all this = DE-¢Á-†éπ ®Ω´’ù Could you draw a 'thumbnail sketch' of
èπÿú≈ back. She leant on the back of the chair= what you mean by that? Talk about the
Ç¢Á’ èπ◊Ka™ dž’-èπ◊E èπÿ®Ω’açC. (The back of sofa)
£æ«Ææhç ´¤çC.
issue of displacement and rehabilitation.
to be behind =
ÉN ´’†™ î√™«-´’ç-CéÀ ûÁL-Æœ† 'back' Å®√n©’. äéπü∆EéÀ 鬮Ω-ù-´’ßË’u ´uèπ◊h©’/ °j ¢√éπuç-™E Thumb nail sketch èπ◊– ¢ËL
Back èπÿ, behind èπÿ ûËú≈: Back Åçõ‰ ¢Á†-éπ-¢Áj°æ¤.
N≠æ-ߪ÷©’. íÓöÀûÓ ¢ËÊÆ *vûªç– ÅE é¬èπ◊çú≈ ¢ËÍ® Å®Ωnç àüÁjØ√
a) The Police are yet to know whose hand is
a) He sat at the back of the bus = Öçü∆? DEo ᙫ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√L?
behind the Sanjhautha Express blast =
Bus ™ ¢Á†-éπ-¢Áj°æ¤ èπÿ®Ω’a-Ø√oúø’. – N. Satyam Emerald, Adilabad.
express
b) There was a small car behind the bus = Ææç®Ωó¯û√ Ê°©’∞¡x ¢Á†’éπ á´J £æ«Ææhç
ï¢√•’:
police
Bus car Thumb nail sketch Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç O’®Ω-†oô’x
¢Á†éπ ã *†o ÖçC. ÖçüÓ éÀçé¬ -ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ü¿’.
íÓöÀûÓ UÊÆ *vûªç ÅØË. Å®·ûË Give me/ Let
me have a thumb nail sketch of the person

There was a lot of back biting ..

Prabhas: Who said all that and what did they
say? Didn't you try to check them?(á´®Ω’ Å™«
ņoC? à´’-Ø√o®Ω’? ¢√∞¡x†’ †’´¤y Ç°æ-ú≈-EéÀ v°æߪ’-
Aoç-îª-™‰ü∆?)
Subhash: I was backing you up whenever they
indulged in backbiting about you. But none
could stop them. (¢√∞¡Ÿx F í∫’Jç* îÁúø’í¬ ´÷ö«x-
úø’-ûª’çõ‰ E†’o ؈’ Ææ´’-Jn-Ææ÷hØË ÖØ√o. é¬E ¢√∞¡x†’
á´®Ω÷ Ç°æ-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷®Ω’.)
indulge in = àüÁjØ√ îÁúø’ °æE-îË-ߪ’ôç
Indulge in drink = û√í∫ôç
indulge in vice = ´uÆæ-Ø√-©èπ◊ ™•-úøôç
indulge in violence = üˆ®Ω-bØ√u-EéÀ §ƒ©p-úøôç
Prabhas: I now know who they are it must be
Rohit and Roshan. I know the reason too.
(Ç
... É°æ¤púø’ ûÁL-ÆœçC ¢√∞Îx-´®Ó.. ®Ó£œ«û˝, ®Ó≠æ-Ø˛™„j
Öçú≈L. ††’o ¢√∞¡Ÿx Aôd-ú≈-EéÀ 鬮Ωùç èπÿú≈
ûÁ©’Ææ’.)
Subhash: You've guessed a right. But why? (F
Ü£æ« ÆæÈ®jçüË. é¬F áçü¿’èπ◊ Å™« Aö«d®Ω’ E†’o?)
Prabhas: They wanted me to recommend
them for inclusion in the team. They are very
poor players and so I couldn't. They contin-
ued to pester me and I told them to get off my
back. That must have offended them. (Team
™ îË®Ω’a-éÓ-´-ú≈-EéÀ ¢√∞¡x†’ Æœ§∂ƒ®Ω’q îËߪ÷-©-Ø√o®Ω’.
¢√∞¡Ÿx ´’ç* players 鬮Ω’. Åçü¿’-éπE ؈’ ¢√∞¡x†’
recommend îËߪ’-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷†’. Å®·Ø√ ¢√∞¡Ÿx ††’o
°‘úÕç-îª-ôçûÓ, ††’o NÆœ-Tç-îª-´-ü¿lE í∫öÀdí¬ îÁ§ƒp†’.
ÅC ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ éÓ°æç ûÁ°œpç* Öçô’çC.)
pester = üËE-éÓ-Ææ-¢Á’iØ√ äéπ-JE °‘úÕç-îªôç
Subhash: Correct. They were saying a lot
many things about you. But at the back of
their minds there perhaps was the feeling that
they had been ignored. (¢√∞ÏxüÓ î√™« ÅØ√o®Ω’
é¬E, •£æ›¨» ¢√∞¡x ´’†-Ææ’™ ûª´’†’ ÖÊ°-éÀ~ç-î√-®Ω†o
¶µ«´ç ÖçúÕ Öçúø-´îª’a.) But I think Ramana is
behind all this, egging them on. é¬F ¢√∞¡x†’
È®îªa-íÌ-úø’ûª÷, DE ¢Á†éπ ®Ω´’ù ÖØ√o-úøE ؈-†’-éÌç-
ô’Ø√o.
egg on = È®îªa-íÌ-ôdúøç.
Prabhas: Why perhaps? That is exactly at the
back of their mind.
(áçü¿’-éπ™«? ÅÆæ-©üË ¢√∞¡x ´’†-
Ææ’™ Ö†o ÅÆæ-©-®·† ¶µ«´ç.)
Subhash: Now that you've come back you can
talk to them and settle things. (†’´¤y AJ-íÌ-î√a´¤
鬕öÀd ¢√∞¡xûÓ ´÷ö«xúÕ ÅFo °æJ-≥ƒ\®Ωç îËÆæ’-éÓ-´îª’a.)
Prabhas: OK. Let's see.
☺ ☺ ☺ ☺
°j Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ back ûÓ Ö†o expressions í∫´’-
Eç-î√®Ω’ éπü∆. Natural conversational English ™
back, back ûÓ ´îËa expressions î√™«ØË ÖØ√o®·.
(´’†ç î√™«-≤ƒ®Ω’x ¢Á†éπ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ back side ÅE
éÌçûª-´’çC ņôç Nçô’çö«ç. back èπ◊, back side
èπ◊ î√™« ûËú≈ ÖçC. back Åçõ‰ ûÁL-ÆœçüË – ¢Á†éπ
ÅE, backside Åçõ‰ ÆæÈ®j† Å®Ωnç °œ®Ω’-ü¿’©’)
At the back side of the room there was a dog
Åçõ‰ ´îËa £æ…≤ƒu-Ææp-ü¿-¢Á’i† Å®Ωnç Ö£œ«ç--éÓçúÕ.
Room èπ◊ back side Öçúøü¿’. At the back of the
room there was a dog = Room ™ ¢Á†éπ ã èπ◊éπ\
ÖçC. There was a dog at his back = ÅûªE ¢Á†éπ
èπ◊éπ\ ÖçC. There was dog behind the bus - bus
¢Á†éπ (bus ™ é¬ü¿’) ã èπ◊éπ\ ÖçC)
É°æ¤púø’ back ûÓ ´îËa ´’J-éÌEo expressions îª÷ü∆lç.
Look at the following sentences from the
conversation at the beginning of the lesson:
1) You are back/ I am happy to be back
2) There was a lot of back biting about you
3) I was backing you up
4) Ramana is behind all this
5) I told them to get off my back
6) But at the back of their minds was the feel-
ing that they had been ignored.
1) You are back/ I am happy to be back.
phrase, be back = ¢Á†-éÀ\-®√-´ôç/ AJ-T-®√-´ôç.
a) My father was back from Tirupathi yesterday
´÷ Ø√†o E†o A®Ω’-°æA †’ç* AJ-íÌ-î√a®Ω’.
b) When will you be back?
†’´¤y ´’Sx á°æ¤púø’ AJ-íÌ-≤ƒh´¤?
c) I leave for college at 10 and am back home
at 4 = °æCç-öÀéÀcollege éÀ ¢Á∞¡-û√†’, Ø√©’-Tç-öÀéÀ
AJ-íÌ-≤ƒh†’.(Back home Back to
Åçõ‰ î√©’.
home Back at home
ûª°æ¤p. Åçûªí¬ ¢√úø®Ω’)
2) There was a lot of back biting about you
= †’´¤y ™‰†-°æ¤púø’ F í∫’Jç* (Fèπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’-èπ◊çú≈)
î√™« îÁúø’í¬ ´÷ö«x-ú≈®Ω’.
a) Only a coward indulges in back biting = °œJ-éÀ-
¢√∞Ï} Éûª-®Ω’© °æ®Ó-éπ~ç™ îÁúø’í¬ ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’ç-ö«®Ω’.
(coward = éıÅú˛ – éı ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç
= °œJ-éÀ-¢√®Ω’)
b) He does a lot of back biting about every
body = v°æA-¢√úÕ ¢Á†éπ ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ -ûÁ-L-ߪ’-èπ◊çú≈
á°æ¤púø÷ î√-™« îÁúø’ Åçô’ç-ö«úø’.
3) I was backing you up =
E†’o ؈’ Ææ´’-JnÆæ÷h ÖØ√o†’.
back up = ´’ü¿l-A-´yôç/ Ææ´’-Jnç-îªôç
a) Krishna always backed up the Pandavas =
Xéπ%-≠æflg-úÁ-°æ¤p-úø÷ §ƒçúø-´¤-©ØË Ææ´’-Jnç-î√úø’.
b) If God could be seen, and if God were to
come down, he would back me up. üË´¤úø’
´’†èπ◊ éπ-E°œÊÆh, Çߪ’ØË CT ´ÊÆh, †ØËo Ææ´’-Jn-≤ƒhúø’.
c) She always backs her husband up = -Ç¢Á’
á°æ¤púø÷ ûª† ¶µº®ΩhØË Ææ´’-Jn-Ææ’hçC.
you've met ™«çöÀ ¢√é¬u™x D†®Ωnç – †’´¤y
éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊†o ´uéÀhE í∫’-Jç-* èπ◊x°æhçí¬ ´Jgç ÅE
– Ç ´uéÀh ®Ω÷°æç/ í∫’ù-í∫-ù«©’ ÅE.
The magazine gives thumbnail sketches of
the Padmasri award winners this year = Ñ
Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç °æü¿tX °æ¤®Ω-≤ƒ\-®√©’ §ÒçC† ¢√®Ωç-ü¿J
b) Maoists are behind the blasting of the police ÆæçéÀ~°æh N´-®√©÷ Ç magazine ™ ÖØ√o®·.
station = Police station Ê°La-¢Ëûª ¢Á†’éπ ´÷N-Æˇd© v°æ¨¡o: Begin, Start, Commence èπ◊ ´’üµ¿u ûËú≈
£æ«Ææhç ÖçC. ûÁ©-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. Å™«Íí lest ¢√úÕ-†-
(Maoist - correct pronunciation: ´÷NÆˇd; °æ¤púø’ should ûª°æp-E-Ææ-Jí¬
´÷¢Ó-ÉÆˇd é¬ü¿’.) ¢√ú≈™«? - M Prakasa Rao,
5) I told them to get off my back = Visakhapatnam
††’o °‘úÕç-îÌü¿’l/ ¢ËCµç-îÌü¿’l ÅE ¢√∞¡xûÓ îÁ§ƒp†’ ï¢√•’: Begin, start, com-
(†ØÌo-C-™„-ߪ’uç-úÕ ÅE îÁ§ƒp†’.) mence Ñ ´‚--úÕçöÀéÀ Å®√n©’
a) Please get off my back. I can't give you any ü∆ü∆°æ¤ äéπõ‰. Å®·ûË commence
money now = §ƒçúÕûªuç – bookish and formal. ´÷´‚©’
conversation ™ Åç-ûªí¬ ¢√úø®Ω’. Begin, start
É°æ¤púø’ †ØÌo-C-™„ß˝’. FéÀ-°æ¤púËO’ úø-Gs-´y-™‰†’.
äéπü∆E•ü¿’©’ äéπöÀ ¢√úø-´îª’a ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ÅEo-îÓö«x.
á´-È®j† ´’†èπ◊ NÆæ’-í∫’-°æ¤-õ‰dç-ûªí¬ àüÁjØ√ ÅúÕ-TØ√
Å®·ûË begin éπØ√o spoken English ™ start
éÓ°æç ûÁ°œpç-*Ø√ Å°æ¤púø’ *é¬-èπ◊ûÓ ÅØË ´÷ô–
Please get off my back/ Get off my back.
¢√úø-éπ¢Ë’ áèπ◊\´.
 lest ûª®√yûª should ´Ææ’hçC, ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ plain
b) Get off my back. Don't trouble me anymore
infinitive ´Ææ’hçC.
with your requests =
a) He started early lest he should miss the
†ØÌo-C-™‰-ߪ’çúÕ. O’ Ŷµºu-®Ωn-†-©ûÓ ††’o NÆœ-Tç-îª-éπçúÕ.
train = He started early lest he miss the
c) The tourist told the beggars to get off his
train. (He should
ûª®√yûª miss
™‰èπ◊çú≈ ÅE
back = plain infinitive
®√´ôç í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ.)
Ç tourist Ç ´·≠œd-¢√-∞¡x†’ ¢ÁR}-§Ò-´’t-Ø√oúø’. b) He wore a sweater lest he should catch cold
6) But at the back of their mind was the feel- = He wore a sweater lest he catch cold.
Ééπ\úÕ
ing that they had been ignored =
v°æ¨¡o:
¢√∞¡}†’ ©éπ~u-°-ôd-™‰-ü¿†o ¶µ«´ç ¢√∞¡} ´’†-Ææ’™ i) A book exhibition is going to be held
°æ¤Ææhéπ
ÖçC. (Future).
-D-E-E A
v°æü¿-®Ωz† E®Ωy-£œ«ç-îª-•-úø’-ûª’çC
At the back of one's mind = book exhibition will be held
ÅE ®√ߪ’-´î√a?
äéπJ ´’†-Ææ’q™ Ö†o Ç™-/ éÓJéπ/ ÖüËl¨¡ç, ii) 'To be' †’ particular í¬ á™« ¢√úø-û√®Ω’?
etc. ü∆E´·çü¿’ ´îËa verb à tense ™ Öçú≈-L?
a) At the back of his mind is his desire to be – S. Nagamani, Beechupally
elected = ï¢√•’: i) A book exhibition is going to be held;
ûª†’ áEo-éπ-¢√-©ØË éÓJéπ ÅûªE ´’†-Ææ’™ ÖçC. A book exhibition will be held. Ñ È®çúø÷
b) His absence from the meeting is a surprise. future will be held
ØË ûÁ©’°æ¤-û√®·. Å®·ûË, éπØ√o
No one knows what is at the back of his going to be held ņôç áèπ◊\´ éπ*aûªç.
mind = An exhibition will be held = E®Ωy-£œ«ç-îª-•-úø’-
Åûª-E-¢√∞¡ Æ涵ºèπ◊ ®√éπ-§Ú-´ôç Ǩ¡a-®Ωu¢Ë’. ÅûªE ûª’çC. (Åçûª-éπ-*aûªç é¬ü¿’)
An exhibition is going to be held = E®Ωy-£œ«ç-îª-
(´’†-Ææ’-™E) ÖüËl¨¡ç á´-Jéà ¶üµ¿°æ-úøôç-™‰ü¿’.
•-úø’-ûª’çC (éπ*aûªç – DE í∫’-Jç-* ÆæçüË£æ«ç ™‰ü¿’)
EXERCISE ii) To be E future èπ◊ ¢√úøôç:
Match the words under A with their mean- a) He is going to be/ will be here in a few days
ings under B (He is going to be will be
ÅØËC, éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ éπ*aûªç)
b) The bride to be has yet to buy her saris =
A B
1. Delicious A. bodily (of the body)
鬶ßË’ °Rxèπÿûª’®Ω’ ûª† <®Ω-©-Eçé¬ éÌØ√Lq ÖçC)
c) This is to be your diet until you are cured =
2. explode B. raise
Fèπ◊ -†-ߪ’-´’-ßË’u-´®Ωèπ◊ ÉC F °æü∑¿uçí¬ (®Óí∫’©’ BÆæ’-
3. embrace C. burst
èπ◊ØË °æJ-N’ûª ǣ慮Ωç) Öçúø-¶-ûª’ç-C/- Öç-ú≈L.
4. lift D. hug
To be á°æ¤púø÷ future †’ ûÁ©’-°æü¿’. will be,
5. physical E. tasty shall be, would be, should be É´Fo to be
èπ◊†o éÌEo ®Ω÷§ƒ©’– ÉN ´÷vûª¢Ë’, °j† a), b)
F. tender
c) sentences ™ ûÁL°œ†¢√öÀûÓ future †’
G. scientific
ûÁ©’°æ¤-û√®·. O’é¬\-´-©-Æœ† -É-ûª®Ω -N-´®√-©-†’
KEY: 1-E 2-C 3-D 4-B 5- A. Eenadu website -™  -îª÷-úøç-úÕ.
- M. SURESAN
-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 27 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2007
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 279
Pradhan: What's the time now?
Vardhan: Nine exactly by my watch.
(Ø√ ¢√î˝ v°æ鬮Ωç ûÌN’tü¿®·çC.)
by my watch = Ø√ ¢√î˝ v°æ鬮Ωç.
Pradhan: Nine already! How time flies! Thanks
for a well spent hour. I must rush to
office. I've (I have) a lot of back log
to clear. I suppose it will keep me
busy till the week end.
(Å°æ¤púË ûÌN’t-ü¿-®·çü∆. ã í∫çô-ÊÆ°æ¤
¶«í¬ í∫úÕ-°œ-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ Fèπ◊ thanks. Ç°∂‘Æˇèπ◊
¢ÁRx§Ú-¢√L. Ê°®Ω’-èπ◊-§Ú-®·† °æE î√™«
I've a lot of back log to clear
ÖçC. Åü¿çû√ Å´-íÌ-ö«dL. ü∆E-´©x Ñ
¢√®√ç-ûªç- ´-®Ωèπ◊ G@í¬ Öçö«-†E ņ’-
èπ◊çö«.) well spent = ¶«í¬ í∫úÕ-°œ†.
to clear = ÅÆæç-°æ‹-Jhí¬ Ö†o°æE-E -°æ‹Jh îËߪ’ôç.
Vardhan: You usually sweat it out. Why don't
you take it easy for a change.
(´÷´‚-©’í¬ †’´¤y î√™« v¨¡´’-°æ-úø-û√´¤.
éπFÆæç ´÷®Ω’p-éÓ-Ææ-¢Á’iØ√ ã≤ƒ-JéÀ ûËLí¬_ BÆæ’-
éÓ-´îª’a éπü∆?)
sweat it out= îÁ´’-öúÕa v¨¡´’-°æ-úøôç
Pradhan: What do you know? The boss is
always on our back; he forgets we
are understaffed. If I don't clear the
back log, I'll be shown the door. It's
as serious as that.
(ÅC °æ‹®Ωh-ßË’u-ü∆éπ ´÷ ¶«Æˇ ´÷ ¢Áçô-°æ-
úø’-ûª’ç-ö«úø’. ´÷èπ◊ Æœ•sçC ûªèπ◊\´ ņo
N≠æߪ’ç ´’Ja-§Ú--û√úø’. Ê°®Ω’èπ◊§Ú-®·† °æE
°æ‹Jh-îË-ߪ’-éπ-§ÚûË, ¢ÁRx-§Ò-´’tç-ö«úø’.
Ç N≠æߪ’ç Åçûª Æ‘J-ߪ’Æˇ.)
(To be) shown the door = •ßª’-öÀéÀ ¢Á∞¡x-´’-†ôç.
Vardhan: I thought your boss was the good
sort. (O’ ¶«Æˇ ´’ç*-®Ωéπç ņ’-èπ◊Ø√o.)
sort = type =
®Ωéπç
Pradhan: Good Sort! No other boss can be as
nasty as he. Most of us at the office
will be very glad to see the back of
him.
(´’çî√! à ¶«Æˇ èπÿú≈ Åçûª ü¿’®√t-®Ω’_-
úø’í¬ Öçúøúø’. ´÷ Ç°∂‘-Æˇ™ î√™«´’çC
Åûªúø’ ¢ÁRx-§ÚûË ÆæçûÓ-≠œ-≤ƒh®Ω’.)
Nasty = ü¿’®√t-®Ω_-¢Á’i†.
Vardhan: Perhaps your pay is good.
(O’ @ûªç ¶«í¬ØË Öçô’ç-ü¿-†’èπ◊çö«)
Pradhan: Who'd grudge if the pay were as
good as the work? what we get is a
pittance.
(v¨¡´’èπ◊ ûªí∫_/ °æEéÀ Ææ´÷-†-¢Á’i† @ûªç
Öçõ‰ á´®Ω’ Ææù’-í∫’-û√®Ω’? ¢Ë’ç§Òç-üËC
î√™« ûªèπ◊\´.)
pittance = î√™« ûªèπ◊\´ úø•’s. - °œö¸Ø˛q– '°œ—
ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç
Vardhan: Then demand a rise.
(°çîª-´’E úÕ´÷çú˛ îËߪ’çúÕ.)
A rise=
°ç°æ¤
Pradhan: We did and they conceded. But they
have back tracked on their offer of a
20% rise in wages.
(¢Ë’ç úÕ´÷çú˛ î˨»ç. ߪ÷ï-´÷†uç ÅçU-
éπJç*çC. é¬-F 20 ¨»ûªç ¢Ëûª-Ø√© °ç°æ¤
N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ ¢√Rx-*a-†-´÷ô O’ü¿ ¢Á†éÀ\
¢Á∞«x®Ω’/ ´÷ô-´÷-®√a®Ω’)
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
concede(éπØ˛-Æ‘ú˛) = Ææ´’t-Aç-îªôç ( úÕ´÷çú˛
™«çöÀ ¢√öÀéÀ).
Vardhan: Why so? (áçü¿’-éπE?)
Pradhan: We demanded that they raise the
pay from a back date, but they
wouldn't. They wanted to avoid pay-
ing us the back wages.
(¢Ë’ç í∫ûªç †’ç* °çîª-´’Ø√oç. é¬F ¢√∞¡Ÿx
(ߪ÷ï-´÷†uç) ÅçU-éπ-Jç-îª-™‰ü¿’, í∫ûªç
†’ç* °ç*-†ç-ü¿’-´©x ´îËa •é¬®· ¢Ëûª-
Ø√©’ áíÌ_-ôd-ö«-EéÀ)
Vardhan: Yea; now I remember. I read about
the trouble in your company in the
back number of a finance journal.
(Ç... Ø√èπ◊ í∫’®Ìh-≤ÚhçC. O’ éπç°F
vô•’™¸ †’ í∫’Jç* àüÓ ÇJnéπ °ævAé𠧃ûª
Ææç*-éπ™ îªC-¢√†’.)
Pradhan: You're right. It must be the
December issue of it. OK. I must be
going. See you.
(†’´¤y îÁ°œpçC éπÈ®Íéd. ÅC úÕÂÆç-•®Ω’
Ææç*éπ Åߪ·uçú≈L. ؈’ ¢Á∞«}L. éπ©’≤ƒh)
[ [ [
Spoken English ™ back ûÓ ´îËa ÅA≤ƒüµ∆-®Ωù¢Á’i†
expressions †’ í∫’Jç* ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç éπü∆.
Now look at the following sentences from
the dialogue above.
1) I've a lot of back log to clear
2) The boss is always on our back
3) Most of us at the office will be glad to see the
back of him.
4) They have back tracked on their offer
5) We demanded that they raise the pay from a
back date...
6) They wanted to avoid paying us back wages.
1) I've a lot of back log to clear =
Ê°®Ω’èπ◊§Ú®·† °æE °æ‹Jh îËߪ÷Lq ÖçC.
back log = (°æE ™«çöÀN) Ê°®Ω’-èπ◊-§Ú-®·-†N.
a) In every LPG shop/ gas agency, there is a
lot of back log, So you'd (you had) better
book in advance.
(v°æA gas agency ™†÷ É°æp-öÀÍé book îËÆæ’-
èπ◊†o î√™«-´’ç-CéÀ Ææ®Ω-°∂æ®√ îËߪ÷Lq ÖçC. Åçü¿’-
éπE ´·ç-üË Cylinder †’ book îËÆæ’-éÓ-´ôç
´’ç*C. (Éçûª´®Ωèπ◊ book îËÆæ’èπ◊E ÖØ√o cylin-
der E Éçé¬ §Òçü¿-E-¢√∞¡Ÿx, back log Ééπ\úø))
b) The back log of applicants for the issue of
licences is yet to be cleared. So I'd better
apply now so that I can get the licence three
months later .
(Éçûª´®Ωèπ◊ ™„jÂÆØ˛q éÓÆæç ü¿®Ω-ë«Ææ’h °ô’d-èπ◊†o
¢√∞¡x ñ«Gû√ °æ‹®Ωh´-™‰ü¿’. ؈’ É°æ¤púË Å°kx îËÊÆh
´‚úø’ ØÁ©©-ÈéjØ√ ´Ææ’hçC.)
2) The boss is always on our back
(´÷ ¶«Æˇ á°æ¤púø÷ ¢Áçô-°æ-úø’-ûª’ç-ö«úø’ °æE îË®·ç-
îª-ö«-EéÀ.)
be on some one's back = ÅüË°æEí¬ äéπJ
¢Áçô-°æúÕ °æE-îË-®·ç--éÓ-´ôç/ §Ú®Ω’-°-ôdúøç.
a) My dad's on my back about getting married.
So I am seeking a job in a distance place.
(°R} îËÆæ’-éÓ-´’E ´÷ Ø√†o äéπõ‰ §Ú®Ω’ °úø’-ûª’-
Ø√oúø’. Åçü¿’-éπE àüÁjØ√ ü¿÷®Ω v§ƒçûªç™ ÖüÓu-í∫ç
éÓÆæç v°æߪ’-Ao-Ææ’hØ√o.)
b) She was on her husband's back about cost-
ly jewellery. He ran into debts to satisfy her.
(êK-üÁj† †í∫© éÓÆæç ¶µº®Ωh†’ §Ú®Ω’-°-õ‰d-Ææ-JéÀ, Ç¢Á’
éÓJéπ B®Ωa-ú≈-EéÀ Åûªúø’ Å°æ¤p-©-§ƒ-©-ߪ÷uúø’.)
3) Most of us will be glad to see the back of
him.
(Åûªúø’ ¢ÁRx-§ÚûË îª÷Æœ ÆæçûÓ-≠œç-îË-¢√∞¡Ÿx ´÷ Ç°∂‘Æˇ
™ î√™«-´’çC ÖØ√o®Ω’.)
glad to see the back of some-
thing/ someone=
äéπ®Ω’ ¢ÁRx-§Ú-´ôç/ äéπ N≠æߪ’ç
Åçûª-´’-´ôç îª÷Æœ ÆæçûÓ-≠œç-îªôç.
a) Who won't be glad to see
the back of corruption.
(ÅN-FA Åü¿%-¨¡u-´’-´ôç á´-J-éÀ-≠dçæ -
™‰ü¿’?)
b) Every opposition leader will be glad to see
the back of ruling party.
(v°æB N°æ-éπ~-ØËûª ÅCµ-é¬-®Ωç™ Ö†o §ƒKd ¢ÁRx-§Ú-´-
ú≈Eo £æ«J{-≤ƒh-úø’.)
c) He was glad to see the back of the guest.
(ÅAC∑ ¢ÁRx-§Ú-´ôç îª÷Æœ Åûªúø’ ÆæçûÓ-≠œç-î√úø’.)
4) They have back tracked on their offer.
(¢√Rx-≤ƒh-´’†o ´÷ô E©-¶„-ô’d-éÓ-™‰ü¿’ ¢√∞¡Ÿx.)
Back track on offer/ promise/ word =
É´yôç/ ¢√í¬l†ç/ ´÷ô E©-¶„-ô’d-éÓ-éπ-§Ú-´ôç
a) The party has back tracked on the policy of
free power for all the farmers.
(È®jûª’-©ç-ü¿-Jéà Ö*ûªNü¿’uû˝ Nüµ∆†ç ´÷ô E©-¶„-ô’d-
éÓ-™‰ü∆ §ƒKd/§ƒKd ´÷ô´÷JaçC/ ´÷ô
ûª°œpçC.)
b) He back tracked on his word of pardon.
(éπ~N’-≤ƒh-†E ņo´÷ô†’ Åûªúø’ E©-¶„-ô’d-éÓ-™‰ü¿’.)
5) We demanded that the raise of wages
from a back date.
(§ƒûª ûËD †’ç* ¢Ëûª-Ø√©’ °çîª-´’E úÕ´÷çú˛ îÁ°æpôç. (؈’ îª÷úø-éπ-§Ú-´ôç àN’öÀ? éπ*aûªçí¬
î˨»ç.)
Back date = í∫ûªç™ äéπ ®ÓV/ ûËC.
a) Raju wanted the teacher to issue him a cer-
tificate with a back date.
(§ƒûªûË-C ¢ËÆœ† ÆæJd-°∂œ-Èéö¸ É´y-´’E ®√V öÃîª-®˝†’ v°æ-¨¡o: éÀç-C-¢√-öÀéÀ -ûË-ú≈ -ûÁ-©°æç-úÕ.
éÓ®√úø’.)
b) Kumari issued a cheque carrying a back
date. (èπ◊´÷J §ƒûªûËDûÓ Ö†o îÁé˙†’ É*açC.)
6) They wanted to avoid paying us back
wages .
(§ƒûªûËD †’ç* ¢Ëûª†ç É´yôç áíÌ_-ö«d-©E ņ’-
èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’.back wages = (Back date †’ç* Å´’-
™„j† @-ûªç •é¬-®·©’.)
a) The court struck down his removal from ser-
vice and ordered the company to pay him
back wages.
(ÅûªúÕE ÖüÓuí∫ç †’ç* ûÌ©-Tç-îªôç éÓ®Ω’d éÌõ‰d-
ÆœçC; @-ûªç •é¬-®·-©†’ îÁLxç-îª-´’çC.)
b) He spent the back wages on his daughter's
marriage.
(ûª† @ûªç •é¬-®·-©ûÓ èπÿûª’J °Rx î˨»úø’.)
7) back number =
back number
äéπ °ævAéπ í∫ûª Ææç*-éπ†’ Åçö«ç.
a) I came across your photo in one of the back
numbers of the magazine.
(Ç °ævAé𠧃ûªÆæç*-éπ© äéπü∆ØÓx F§∂Òö îª÷¨»†’.)
b) Kumar could not get the back number of the
magazine.
(-´÷uí∫-@-Ø˛ §ƒûªÆæç*éπ- èπ◊´÷-®˝èπ◊ áéπ\ú≈ üÌ®Ω-éπ-
™‰ü¿’.)
Exercise
Match the words under A with their meanings
under B
A B
1) Rural A) small
2) quiet B) of villages
3) harm C) calm
4) polite D) hurt
5) minute E) simple
F) courteous
G) complicated
Key: 1.B; 2.C; 3.D; 4.F; 5.A.
1
-v°æ¨¡o: i) Shopping ÅØË °æü¿ç ᙫ °æ¤-öÀdç-C?
ii) I saw/ I did see ™x àC éπÈ®èπ◊d?
iii) Miss, Mister, Mrs °æü∆-©èπ◊ plural îÁ°æpçúÕ.
–-Å-L-¨Î-öÀd ≤ƒy-N’-ü∆Æˇ, -A-§ƒp-ߪ’°æ-Lx, éπ-Kç-†í∫®˝.
ï¢√•’: i) shop Åçõ‰ ü¿’é¬ùç éπü∆. ü¿’é¬ùç/
Åçí∫öx ´Ææ’h-´¤©’ éÌçö«ç 鬕öÀd shopping
Åçö«ç. a) shop = ü¿’é¬ùç/ Åçí∫úÕ
b) shop = ü¿’é¬-ùç™E ´Ææ’h-´¤©’ é̆úøç.
a) I bought these things at/ in that shop =
Ç ü¿’é¬-ùç™ Ñ ´Ææ’h-´¤©’ éÌØ√o.
b) Only when we have money we can shop =
úø•’s-†o-°æ¤púË ´Ææ’h-´¤©’ é̆-í∫©ç.
ii) Miss, Mrs, Mr. - OöÀéÀ plural Ê°®Ωxèπ◊ ´·çü¿’
¢√úø®Ω’. ¢√úø-éπç™ ™‰ü¿’. Å®·ûË Mr èπ◊ plural
Messrs ÅE ÖçC. é¬E DEE M/s í¬ com-
pany © Ê°®Ωx ´·çü¿’ – ÅC èπÿú≈ company ©
Ê°®Ω’x ´uèπ◊h© Ê°®Ω’xí¬ Öçõ‰ØË ¢√úø-û√®Ω’.
eg: M/s Gopal and Krishna, M/s Syamlal &
Sons, Company
™«çöÀN. Ê°®Ω’x,
Messrs
´uèπ◊h© Ê°®Ωx™ ™‰†-°æ¤púø’
iii) I saw, I did see -
¢√úøç. È®çúø÷
correct. I saw (the movie last
night) = I did see
؈’ îª÷¨»†’.
(the movie...) = ؈’ îª÷¨»†’ ÅE ØÌéÀ\
îª÷¨»†’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ)
I did see him go out = Åûª†’ •ßª’-öÀéÀ ¢Á∞¡xôç
؈’ îª÷¨»†’ – îª÷úøôç ߪ’ü∆®Ωnç.
1. Passenger - traveller
2. Attender - Attendant
– Èé. Å°æp-©-Ææ÷J, N¨»-ê-°æôoç
ï¢√•’: Traveller ÅØ√o passenger ÅØ√o ûÁ©’-
í∫’™ v°æߪ÷-ùÀ-èπ◊úø’ ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. Traveller
Åçõ‰ ûª®Ωîª÷ v°æߪ÷-ù«©’ îËÊÆ-¢√úø’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ
English ™ áèπ◊\´í¬ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. ÅçûË-é¬-èπ◊çú≈
´÷´‚-©’í¬ v°æߪ÷-ùÀ-èπ◊úø’ ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ÖçC.
Passenger Åçõ‰ v°æߪ÷-ùÀ-èπ◊úË. Å®·ûË àüÁjØ√
v°æߪ÷ù ≤ƒüµ¿†ç (car, bus, train) ™«çöÀ ¢√öÀ™x
v°æߪ÷-ùÀ-èπ◊úø’ ÅE. ÉC î√™« ´·êu¢Á’i† ûËú≈. pas-
senger á°æ¤púø÷ v°æߪ÷ù ≤ƒüµ¿-†ç™ ÅD ûª†’
drive îËߪ’-èπ◊çú≈ ÉçÈé-´-È®jØ√ drive îËÊÆ ¢√£æ«-†ç™
¢Á∞Ïx ¢√úøE Å®Ωnç.
Passengers Åçü¿®Ω÷ travellers é¬F travellers
Åçü¿®Ω÷ passengers 鬆-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’ éπü∆.
ii) Attendant Åçõ‰ ؈éπ®Ω’. shops, parking
areas (¢√£æ«-Ø√©’ EL-Ê°-îÓô’x–•£œ«-®Ωçí∫ v°æüË-¨»™x)
customers èπ◊ ÊÆ´-©ç-CçîË ¢√∞¡⁄x, íÌ°æp £æ«Ùü∆™x
Ö†o-¢√--∞¡Ÿx, ´·Ææ-L-¢√-∞¡Ÿx ´uéÀh-í∫ûª¢Á’i† ÊÆ´-©ç-Cç-îË-¢√∞¡Ÿx
(ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ÊÆ´-èπ◊©’) attendants.
Å®·ûË Â°j Å®ΩnçûÓ India ™ attender ÅØË ´÷ô
¢√úø’-ûª’çö«ç. é¬F standard spoken or written
English ™ ؈éπ®Ω’, ÊÆ´-èπ◊úø’ ÅØË Å®√n-©ûÓ atten-
der ÅØË ´÷ô ¢√úø®Ω’. äéπ Ææçü¿-®√s¥-EéÀ £æ…ï®Ω’
(attend) ÅßË’-u¢√-∞¡xØË attenders Åçö«®Ω’ stan-
dard English ™.
a) She is a regular attender at these music
concerts =
Ñ §ƒô éπîË-K-©èπ◊ Ç¢Á’ véπ´’ç ûª°æp-
èπ◊çú≈ £æ…ï-®Ω-´¤-ûª’çC.
b) There wasn't any attendant to take care of
the blind passenger = Ç Åçüµ¿ v°æߪ÷-ùÀèπ◊úÕE
îª÷Ææ’-éÓ-ú≈-EéÀÈé´®Ω÷ ؈éπ®Ω’/ ÊÆ´-èπ◊úø’ ™‰úø’.
(á´J Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ØË v°æߪ÷ùç î˨»úø’)
c) Blind passengers are allowed to take an
attendant free on the train =
Åçüµ¿ v°æߪ÷-
ùÀèπ◊©’ ûª´’ Å´-Ææ-®√-©†’ îª÷Ææ’èπ◊ØË ¢√JE È®j∞¡x™
Ö*-ûªçí¬ BÆæ’Èé∞¡x´îª’a .
- M. SURESAN