CID# __________________________ Physics 127, Descriptive Astronomy

Final Examination
Yor exam !ill "e machine score# "y the $estin% Center& 'ence, to assre yorsel( proper cre#it, )on#ay, April 21, 2**+, 7 am
you must identify yourself on the bubble sheet as you normally do for exams taken in the
Testing Center! )aximm score, 21- points, incl#in% 1- "ons points&
MULTIPLE C!ICE "# $oints $er %uestion&
1& $he star . C)i is /* parsecs (rom the sn& Its parallax in arc secon#s is 0a1 *&*1, 0b1 *&*2, 0c1 *&1, 0d1 *&2, 0e1
1&*, 0f1 2&*, 0g1 2&*&&
2& $he #stiest 3no!n %alaxies are o( type 0a1 E, 0b1 4, 0c1 45, 0d1 Irr&
6& $he color o( visi"le li%ht havin% the least amont o( ener%y per photon is 0a1 "le, 0b1 %reen, 0c1 re#, 0d1
violet, 0e1 yello!&
2& 7etro%ra#e planetary motion is (rom ______________0a1 east to !est, 0b1 north to soth, 0c1 soth to north,
0d1 !est to east&
/& An isolate#, evolvin% star cannot possi"ly "ecome a 0a1 "lac3 hole, 0b1 nova, 0c1 planetary ne"la, 0d1
spernova, 0e1 !hite #!ar(&
-& $he lar%est 3no!n volcano in the solar system, 8lymps )ons, is (on# on 0a1 Earth, 0b1 Io, 0c1 9piter, 0d1
)ars, 0e1 :ens&
7& $he )il3y ;ay <alaxy is "elieve# to "e a=an 0a1 "arre# spiral, 0b1 elliptical, 0c1 irre%lar, 0d1 pecliar, 0e1
spiral %alaxy&
+& 5inary star system A consists o( t!o /) 0/>solar mass1 stars !ith a *&*+ A? mean separation@ system 5
consists o( a 2) an# a *&-) star !ith a *&*+ A? mean separation@ system C consists o( t!o /) stars !ith a
17 A? mean separation@ system D consists o( a 2) an# a *&-) star !ith a 17 A? mean separation& ;hich
system has the shortest or"ital perio#A
B& 4tar A is i#entical in siCe to star 5 "t is t!ice as hot& 'o! many times more ener%y #oes star A ra#iate into
space than star 5A 0a1 $he same amont, 0b1 t!ice as mch, 0c1 2 times as mch, 0d1 + times as mch, 0e1 1-
times as mch&
1*& 8n !hich planet #oes snrise occr only once each t!o yearsA 0a1 )ars, 0b1 )ercry, 0c1 4atrn, 0d1 ?rans,
0e1 :ens&
11& A certain stellar corpse is 3no!n to have a mass o( 1&7/)& $his o"Dect is definitely 0a1 a !hite #!ar(, 0b1 a
netron star, 0c1 a "lac3 hole, 0d1 not a !hite #!ar(, 0e1 not a netron star, 0f1 not a "lac3 hole&
12& In a##ition to trace amonts o( the li%ht elements lithim an# "eryllim, !hich o( the components o( the
interstellar me#im are "elieve# to have "een create# in the "i% "an%A 0a1 only the hy#ro%en, 0b1 only the
hy#ro%en an# helim, 0c1 only the hy#ro%en an# the #st, 0d1 only the car"on, 0e1 all o( the elements (on# in
the interstellar %as&
16& 4ynchrotron ra#iation is pro#ce# !henever 0a1 the atoms in a molecle vi"rate or rotate, 0b1 an electron in an
atom Dmps to an or"ital o( lo!er ener%y, 0c1 (ree electrons move in a spiral path in a ma%netic (iel#, 0d1 any
char%e# particle excee#s the spee# o( li%ht, 0e1 thermonclear (sion occrs&
12& ;hen a ra#iatin% soli# "o#y is heate# to a hi%her temperatre it ra#iates 0a1 more intensely at short
!avelen%ths "t less intensely at lon% !avelen%ths, 0b1 more intensely at lon% !avelen%ths "t less intensely
at short !avelen%ths, 0c1 more intensely at all !avelen%ths, 0d1 less intensely at all !avelen%ths&
1/& <as #e%eneracy plays little role in 0a1 the helim (lash, 0b1 main seEence stars, 0c1 netron stars, 0d1 !hite
#!ar(s&
1-& $he earthFs core is "elieve# to "e mostly compose# o( iron an# nic3el !hich 0a1 is entirely in the molten state,
0b1 is entirely in the soli# state, 0c1 is mostly in a soli# core srron#in% a smaller, molten inner core, 0d1 is
mostly in a molten core srron#in% a smaller, soli# inner core&
17& $he celestial meridian no!here coinci#es !ith any 0a1 #irnal circle, 0b1 %reat circle, 0c1 hor circle, 0d1
vertical circle&
1+& $he G"estG explanation (or the moonFs ori%in is that the moon (orme# 0a1 !hen the rapi#ly rotatin% protoearth
"ecame nsta"le an# "ro3e into t!o (ra%ments, 0b1 in#epen#ently (rom the earth an# !as captre# in a
%ravitational enconter, 0c1 to%ether !ith the earth as a #o"le planet "y a co>accretion process, 0d1 "y the
P'Y4IC4 127 > ;IH$E7 2**+ 2 FIHAI EJA)IHA$I8H
accretion o( collisional (ra%ments pro#ce# !hen the ne!ly (orme# earth an# another small planet>siCe# "o#y
colli#e#&
1B& $he composition o( the asteroi#s most closely matches that o( the 0a1 comets, 0b1 9ovian planets, 0c1 sn, 0d1
terrestrial planets&
2*& $he an%le s"ten#e# "y a planet #epen#s pon the planetFs 0a1 #istance an# siCe, 0b1 #istance an# #irection,
0c1 siCe an# #irection, 0d1 #istance, siCe an# #irection&
21& ;hich o( the (ollo!in% ra#io telescopes has the "est an%lar resoltion, i.e&, GseesG the (inest #etail in
o"serve# o"DectsA 0a1 a telescope 1* meters in #iameter o"servin% at a !avelen%th o( 21 centimeters, 0b1 a
telescope 1* meters in #iameter o"servin% at a !avelen%th o( / centimeters, 0c1 a telescope 2* meters in
#iameter o"servin% at a !avelen%th o( 21 centimeters, 0d1 a telescope 2* meters in #iameter o"servin% at a
!avelen%th o( / centimeters&
22& ;hich o( the (ollo!in% particles are not ma#e o( Ear3sA 0a1 electrons, 0b1 mesons, 0c1 netrons, 0d1 protons&
26& $he <reat 7e# 4pot on 9piter is "elieve# to "e 0a1 an atmospheric (eatre associate# !ith a maDor irre%larity
in the n#erlyin% sr(ace, 0b1 a persistent re%ion o( relatively hi%h atmospheric pressre, 0c1 a persistent
re%ion o( relatively lo! atmospheric pressre, 0d1 a hole in the clo#s, 0e1 a re%ion !here the atmosphere has
an nsal chemical composition&
22& $he moon !hich possesses an atmosphere even #enser than EarthFs is 0a1 <anyme#e, 0b1 Io, 0c1 )iran#a, 0d1
$itan, 0e1 $riton&
2/& 8n a certain mi#>April evenin%, 9piter, !hile in the constellation :ir%o, crosses the celestial meri#ian at
mi#ni%ht& Exactly one syno#ic perio# o( 9piter later 0a1 it is a%ain mi#>April, 0"1 9piter is a%ain in :ir%o,
0c1 9piter a%ain crosses the celestial meri#ian at mi#ni%ht, 0#1 all o( the a"ove mst "e tre, 0e1 none o( the
a"ove are necessarily tre&
2-& From the earthFs north pole 0a1 the entire celestial sphere is visi"le at some time #rin% the year, 0b1 only hal(
the celestial sphere is visi"le #rin% a year, 0c1 only stars !ithin 26&/K o( the celestial eEator can ever "e
seen, 0d1 only stars !ithin --&/K o( the north pole can ever "e seen&
27& $he central star in a planetary ne"la is a ne!ly (orme# 0a1 asymptotic>"ranch star, 0b1 "ro!n #!ar(, 0c1
netron star, 0d1 nova, 0e1 !hite #!ar(&
2+& $he collapse o( interstellar clo#s into stars may "e tri%%ere# "y 0a1 spernovae>#riven shoc3 (ronts, 0b1
enconters !ith spiral arms 0#ensity !aves1, 0c1 stellar !in#s or ioniCation (ronts aron# 8 an# 5 stars, 0d1
pressre re#ction "y in(rare# ra#iative coolin% o( interstellar #st, 0e1 all o( the prece#in%&
2B& ;hich o( the (ollo!in% types o( lnar (eatres are not the conseEence o( impactsA 0a1 craters, 0b1 maria, 0c1
rays, 0d1 rilles&
6*& A resident of Mercury !ol# o"serve !hich planet to have the lon%est syno#ic perio#A 0a1 Earth, 0b1 9piter,
0c1 Plto, 0d1 :ens&
61& $he term G"lac3 "o#yG is se# "y astrophysicists in re(erence to 0a1 a planet or other col#, #ar3 o"Dect !hich
emits no visi"le li%ht o( its o!n, 0b1 an o"Dect at a temperatre o( * L 0a"solte Cero1, 0c1 a hypothetical o"Dect
!hich is "oth a per(ect a"sor"er an# a per(ect emitter o( ra#iation, 0d1 a "lac3 hole in spacetime !hich can
emit no li%ht "ecase o( its intense %ravitational (iel#, 0e1 any ra#iatin% o"Dect&
62& 4ppose a ne!ly #iscovere# asteroi# is (on# to or"it a"ot the sn exactly once each 27 years& $he semi>
maDor axis o( its or"it, measre# in astronomical nits, is 0a1 6, 0b1 B, 0c1 27, 0d1 +1, 0e1 12*&
66& $here are no impact craters on 0a1 the asteroi#s, 0b1 the <alilean moons, 0c1 the 9ovian planets, 0d1 )ars, 0e1
the moons o( Heptne&
62& It is meanin%(l to spea3 o( the chemical composition o( a 0a1 "lac3 hole, 0b1 netron star core, 0c1 proton, 0d1
!hite #!ar( core, 0e1 none o( the a"ove&&
6/& $he rates at !hich 9piter, 4atrn an# Heptne ra#iate ener%y into space are 0a1 si%ni(icantly %reater than the
rates at !hich they a"sor" ener%y (rom snli%ht, 0b1 essentially eEal to the rates at !hich they a"sor" ener%y
(rom snli%ht, 0c1 si%ni(icantly less than the rates at !hich they a"sor" ener%y (rom snli%ht, 0d1 n3no!n&
6-& ;hich type o( meteorite is tho%ht to "e representative o( the most primitive material to "e (on# in the solar
system, pro"a"ly le(tover an# little chan%e# (rom the material ot o( !hich the terrestrial planets, incl#in%
Earth, ori%inally (orme#A 0a1 Car"onaceos chon#rites, 0b1 irons, 0c1 stony>irons, 0d1 stones&
P'Y4IC4 127 > ;IH$E7 2**+ 6 FIHAI EJA)IHA$I8H
67& ;hich o( the (ollo!in% types o( o"Dects are not concentrate# in the %alactic spiral armsA 0a1 Cephei#
varia"les, 0b1 emission ne"lae, 0c1 lo!er>main seEence stars, 0d1 sper%iants, 0e1 pper>main seEence stars&
6+& $he %alaxy )-6 pictre# "elo! is a 0a1 %ran# #esi%n spiral in cloc3!ise rotation, 0b1 %ran# #esi%n spiral in
contercloc3!ise rotation, 0c1 (locclent spiral in cloc3!ise rotation, 0d1 (locclent spiral in contercloc3!ise
rotation&
ot&
6B& 4ome active %alaxies vary si%ni(icantly in their "ri%htnesses in time perio#s as short as a (e! hors& 4ch
short term varia"ility implies that the sorce o"Dect (or the varia"le ra#iation 0a1 cannot "e lar%er than a (e!
li%ht hors in #iameter, a"ot the siCe o( the solar system, 0b1 is in rapi# rotation, 0c1 is a"ot to explo#e, 0d1 is
%enerally !ea3enin% in intensity, 0e1 is plsatin%&
2*& 8ne !ee3 a(ter a solar eclipse the moon sets at a"ot 0a1 mi#ni%ht, 0b1 - am, 0c1 noon, 0d1 - pm&
21& Col#, #ar3 matter is virtally the only (orm o( mass associate# !ith !hich %alactic strctral componentA 0a1
5l%e, 0b1 corona, 0c1 #is3, 0d1 halo, 0e1 ncles, 0f1 spiral arms&
22& Collisions "et!een %alaxies are pro"a"ly sel#om, i( ever, responsi"le (or 0a1 ti#al stripin% o( stars (rom their
%alaxies, 0b1 star"rsts in colli#in% clo#s o( interstellar matter, 0c1 the reDvenation o( #ormant Easars, 0d1
very hot, x>ray emittin% inter%alactic %as, 0e1 #irect collisions involvin% pairs o( stars&
26& Ho si%ni(icant mass trans(er occrs in any "inary !hich is 0a1 a contact system, 0b1 #etache#, 0c1 eclipsin%, 0d1
semi>#etache#&
22& In (orm, 4ey(ert %alaxies are 0a1 spiral %alaxies !ith "ri%ht, starli3e nclei, 0b1 very compact, "ri%ht elliptical
%alaxies, 0c1 %iant elliptical %alaxies, o(ten !ith Dets an# "ri%ht ra#io emission, 0d1 rin%li3e %alaxies !ithot
conspicos nclei&
2/& ;i#esprea# ra#io ra#iation o( !avelen%th 21 centimeters is emitte# "y 0a1 most stars, 0b1 the car"on
monoxi#e molecle, 0c1 netral atomic hy#ro%en, 0d1 moleclar hy#ro%en, 0e1 the synchrotron phenomenon&
2-& $he core o( a (ormin% protostar is heate# primarily "y 0a1 chemical "rnin%, 0b1 the release o( %ravitational
ener%y, 0c1 shoc3 !aves (rom an external sorce, 0d1 hy#ro%en (sion, 0e1 nclear (ission&
P'Y4IC4 127 > ;IH$E7 2**+ 2 FIHAI EJA)IHA$I8H
27& 7ecent o"servations o( spernovae in #istant %alaxies have le# to the conclsion that the expansion o( the
niverse 0a1 has "een pro%ressin% at exactly the same rate (or eons o( time, 0b1 has "een acceleratin%, 0c1 has
"een #eceleratin%, 0d1 has "een pro%ressin% at a (lctatin% rate, 0e1 is a myth&
2+& $he plsar phenomenon is associate# !ith 0a1 "lac3 holes, 0b1 netron stars, 0c1 plsatin% varia"le stars, 0d1
!hite #!ar(s&
2B& A pair o( solar system "o#ies !hich al!ays trn the same (aces to!ar# each other are 0a1 )ercry an# the
sn, 0b1 )ars an# Pho"os, 0c1 <anyme#e an# Callisto, 0d1 ?rans an# Heptne, 0e1 Plto an# Charon&
/*& $he relative smoothness o( the lnar maria is "elieve# to "e a conseEence o( 0a1 (loo#in% "y molten
materials, 0b1 "rial o( the primitive ro%h sr(ace "y a thic3 #st layer, 0c1 a mch lo!er rate o( impact
craterin% in these re%ions than in srron#in% hi%hlan#s, 0d1 a %reater rate o( erosion "y micrometeoric
impacts than in srron#in% hi%hlan#s, 0e1 %ra#in% "y extraterrestrial settlers&
/1& A certain star has a ri%ht ascension o( 26 hr 6* min an# an hor an%le o( 21 hr ** min& $he crrent local
si#ereal time is 0a1 2 hr 6* min, 0b1 21 hr ** min, 0c1 2* hr 6* min, 0d1 26 hr 6* min&
/2& In an astronomical context the !or# Gcanni"alismG re(ers to 0a1 the (lo! o( material (rom an accretion #is3
into a "lac3 hole, 0b1 the a"sorption o( visi"le ra#iation "y clo#s o( interstellar #st, 0c1 the mer%in% o(
colli#in% %alaxies !hich occrs !hen t!o %alaxies o( rather #i((erent siCes colli#e, 0d1 the loss o( atomic
i#entity !hich occrs amon% atoms !hich (orm the core o( a netron star, 0e1 an n(ortnate noctrnal
practice amon% some astronomers at o"servatory %alleys&
/6& In its G(inalG state the sn !ill most li3ely "e a 0a1 "lac3 hole, 0b1 horiContal>"ranch star, 0c1 netron star, 0d1
!hite #!ar(&
/2& $he sn reEires a"ot ho! many years to complete one or"it o( the <alaxyA 0a1 1*
-
, 0b1 6*M1*
-
, 0c1
22*M1*
-
, 0d1 2&-M1*
B
, 0e1 1*M1*
B
&
//& $he cosmic micro!ave "ac3%ron# has a spectral pro(ile shape# li3e that o( a "lac3 "o#y o( temperatre
2&76L "ecase 0a1 that is the temperatre o( the %as !hich emitte# it, 0b1 that is the temperatre o( the
inter%alactic me#im thro%h !hich it has passe#, 0c1 that is the temperatre o( the interstellar me#im in the
vicinity o( the sn, 0d1 the cosmolo%ical re#shi(t has case# it to "e characteriCe# "y a temperatre mch
lo!er than the temperatre at !hich it !as emitte#&
/-& $he GDra3e EEationG 0a1 expresses the amont o( ener%y ra#iate# "y material (allin% into a "lac3 hole, 0b1
can "e se to calclate the maximm possi"le siCe (or an o"Dect o( varyin% "ri%htness, 0c1 is se# to pre#ict
the occrrence o( eclipses, 0d1 yiel#s a cr#e estimate o( the nm"er o( extraterrestrial civiliCations in or
%alaxy that !e possi"ly col# #etect, 0e1 #escri"es the ra#iative otpt o( an active %alaxy&
/7& $he invisi"le "lac3 hole "on#ary across !hich neither ra#iation nor material can "e ot!ar#ly transmitte# is
3no!n as a=an 0a1 Chan#rase3har limit, 0b1 er%osphere, 0c1 event horiCon, 0d1 photosphere, 0e1 sin%larity&
/+& A (ormin% star is re%ar#e# as havin% "ecome a main seEence star !hen 0a1 hy#ro%en (sion i%nites in its
core, 0b1 it "ecomes s((iciently #ense to "e opaEe to its o!n in(rare# ra#iation, 0c1 it #evelops #eep
convective layers, 0d1 its central temperatre reaches +M1*
-
L, 0e1 it reaches the $ $ari varia"le sta%e&
/B& Ho %alactic re# %iants or sper%iants are "elieve# to "e #escen#e# (rom main seEence stars less massive than
a"ot *&+)& $his is so "ecase stars less massive than *&+) 0a1 remain on the main seEence even a(ter
their nclear (el is exhaste#, 0b1 are so lon%>live# that their main seEence li(etimes excee# the present a%e
o( the <alaxy, 0c1 evolve to the le(t o(( the main seEence, #irectly into the !hite #!ar( realm, 0d1 #o not
exist, i.e&, *&+) is the smallest possi"le mass a star can have&
-*& $he star N Draconis has an a"solte visal ma%nit#e o( Mv O >6&2 an# an apparent visal ma%nit#e o( mv O
P6&2*& $he #istance to N Draconis is 0a1 less than 1* parsecs, 0b1 eEal to 1* parsecs, 0c1 %reater than 1*
parsecs, 0d1 not #etermina"le !ithot (rther in(ormation&
-1& 4tron% scriptral spport (or the existence o( !i#esprea# extraterrestrial li(e is (on# in the "oo3 o( 0a1 Amos,
0b1 'elaman, 0c1 )oroni, 0d1 )oses, 0e1 II $imothy&
-2& $he atmospheres o( "oth )ars an# :ens are compose# chie(ly o( 0a1 C82, car"on #ioxi#e, 0b1 H2, moleclar
nitro%en, 0c1 82, moleclar oxy%en, 0d1 '28, !ater vapor, 0e1 H'6, ammonia vapor&
-6& $he near a"sence o( impact craters (rom the sr(ace o( the earth as compare# !ith other solar system "o#ies
!ith soli# sr(aces is a conseEence o( 0a1 the earthFs havin% (orme# in a re%ion o( the solar ne"la !here
impact craterin% !as relatively nimportant, 0b1 the moonFs havin% acte# as a shiel#, a"sor"in% most o( those
impactin% "o#ies !hich other!ise !ol# have strc3 the earth, 0c1 the o"literation o( sch craters "y erosive
P'Y4IC4 127 > ;IH$E7 2**+ / FIHAI EJA)IHA$I8H
processes on the earth, 0d1 the o"literation o( sch craters "y plate tectonic activity on the earth, 0e1 "oth 0c1
an# 0d1&
-2& )ost o( the !ater on )ars is "elieve# to "e 0a1 in t!o lar%e (roCen oceans, 0b1 present in the (orm o( vapor in
)arsF pper atmosphere, 0c1 concentrate# in )arsF core, 0d1 (roCen "oth in the )artian icecaps an#
intermin%le# !ith roc3s an# soil in s"sr(ace ice #eposits&
-/& $he (irst asteroi# #iscovere# !as 0a1 Apollo, (b) Ceres, 0c1 Eris, 0d1 Pallas, 0e1 :esta&
--& $he (irst successful measrement o( the spee# o( li%ht !as "ase# pon 0a1 measrements o( the electrical an#
ma%netic properties o( a vacm, 0b1 an experiment in !hich t!o people se# veile# lanterns to estimate li%ht
transmission times, 0c1 o"servations o( the occltations o( 9piterFs moons, 0d1 an experimental #evice in
!hich a rotatin% toothe# !heel !as se# to perio#ically interrpt a li%ht "eam&
-7& $he Easar 6C276 has a velocity o( recession, in(erre# (rom its Doppler shi(t, o( a"ot 2+,*** 3m=s& ;hat is
its approximate #istance, implie# "y the '""le Ia!, in )pcA 0a1 2-*, 0b1 --*, 0c1 B2*, 0d1 2,2**, 0e1 6,2**&
-+& $he Apollo asteroi#s are nsal in that they 0a1 are the most remote asteroi#s (rom the sn, 0b1 are #ar3er in
color than most asteroi#s, 0c1 are in or"its !hich may pass insi#e the earthFs or"it, 0d1 have retro%ra#e or"its,
0e1 rotate relatively rapi#ly&
-B& In a vacm all electroma%netic ra#iation is characteriCe# "y a common 0a1 amplit#e, 0b1 (reEency, 0c1
phase, 0d1 spee#, 0e1 !avelen%th, 0f1 all o( the prece#in%, 0g1 none o( the prece#in%&
7*& Drin% the )an#er minimm 0a1 one component o( an eclipsin% "inary is totally eclipse#, 0b1 a Cephei#
varia"le is at its least lminos sta%e, 0c1 the 7oche lo"e o( the less massive component o( a close "inary is at
its least mass Dst prior to the onset o( mass in(sion (rom its evolvin% companion, 0d1 the core o( a type II
spernova reaches its minimm siCe Dst "e(ore it G"onces,G 0e1 there !ere almost no o"serve# snspots (or
several #eca#es&
71& )ost 0perhaps all1 o( the heavy atoms in hman "o#ies 0a1 have al!ays existe#, 0b1 !ere create# in ancient
spernovae an# %iant stars, 0c1 !ere create# in the "i% "an%, 0d1 are the pro#cts o( solar (sion, 0e1 are the
pro#cts o( interactions "et!een cosmic rays an# the li%hter atoms o( the earthFs pper atmosphere&
72& ;hich o( the (ollo!in% is not a significant a#vanta%e (or satellite>"ase# astronomical o"servations as
compare# !ith %ron#>"ase# o"servationsA 0a1 $he telescope is closer to the o"serve# o"Dect, 0b1 the s3y is
#ar3er, 0c1 the incomin% ra#iation is not partially or totally a"sor"e# "y the earthFs atmosphere, 0d1 the ima%e
o( the st#ie# o"Dect is not "lrre# "y the earthFs atmosphere, 0e1 the entire s3y can "e o"serve#&
76& $he sn !ill contine to "e a main>seEence star (or a"ot another 0a1 ten thosan# years, 0b1 one million
years, 0c1 (ive million years, 0d1 (ive "illion years, 0e1 ten "illion years&
72& It is tho%ht that i( an# !hen extraterrestrial li(e is #iscovere# that that #iscovery !ill most li3ely occr
thro%h the #etection o( 0a1 re(lecte# %reen li%ht (rom photosynthesiCin% or%anisms on remote planets, 0b1
extraterrestrial spacecra(t (lyin% in the vicinity o( the solar system, 0c1 an arti(act #eposite# on earth or
else!here in the solar system "y past extraterrestrial visitors, 0i.e&, the G2**1G hypothesis1, 0d1 ra#io si%nals
"roa#cast "y an alien %alactic civiliCation, 0e1 evi#ence that !e are the extraterrestrials, havin% "een
transplante# here in the past (rom another planet, "t havin% (or%otten or extraterrestrial ori%in&
7/& $he primary reason that stars in an '7>#ia%ram sprea# ot along the main sequence is "ecase those stars
#i((er in 0a1 a%e, 0b1 chemical composition, 0c1 ma%netic (iel# stren%th, 0d1 mass, 0e1 rotational rate&
7-& ;ithot the precise instrments "ilt "y this man an# the (asti#ios planetary o"servations he ma#e !ith his
instrments, 9ohannes Lepler !ol# not have ha# the necessary #ata "ase to (acilitate his #iscovery o( his
three la!s o( planetary motion& $he nname# man re(erre# to is 0a1 Hicolas Copernics, 0b1 <alileo <alilei,
0c1 7ene Descartes, 0d1 $ycho 5rahe, 0e1 Isaac He!ton&
77& For a particlar star, !hich o( the (ollo!in% o( its coor#inates #oes not #epen# on its o"serverFs position on
the earthA 0a1 Altit#e, 0b1 aCimth, 0c1 hor an%le, 0d1 ri%ht ascension&
7+& ;hen the moon is in its last Earter phase the time o( moonset is approximately 0a1 - am, 0b1 12 noon, 0c1 -
pm, 0d1 12 mi#ni%ht&
7B& $he solar corona is primarily heate# "y 0a1 netrinos, 0b1 ra#iation (rom the chromosphere, 0c1 ra#iation (rom
the photosphere, 0d1 shoc3 !aves, 0e1 the solar !in#&
+*& A certain star !ill cross the celestial meri#ian this evenin% 021 April 2**+1 at - pm 0)4$1& An astronomer
!ishes to o"serve the star #rin% that month !hen the star !ill cross the celestial meri#ian at mi#ni%ht
P'Y4IC4 127 > ;IH$E7 2**+ - FIHAI EJA)IHA$I8H
0)4$1& $he astronomer shol# reEest o"servin% time #rin% the month o( 0a1 9anary, 0b1 )arch, 0c1 )ay,
0d1 9ly, 0e1 4eptem"er&
+1& ;hen any star is at its hi%hest point in the s3y it is 0a1 at the Cenith, 0b1 on the celestial eEator, 0c1 at the
na#ir, 0d1 at the vernal eEinox, 0e1 on the celestial meri#ian&
+2& $he snFs spectral>lminosity class is 0a1 A* II, 0b1 5/ :, 0c1 <2 :, 0d1 F+ III, 0e1 L* I:&
+6& Eclipses occr only !hen the moon is ne! or (ll& 'o!ever most months no eclipses occr "ecase a secon#
necessary con#ition (or an eclipse is not satis(ie#& $hat con#ition is that the 0a1 sn mst "e on or near the
celestial eEator, 0b1 moon mst "e on or near the celestial eEator, 0c1 moon mst "e on or near the ecliptic,
0d1 sn mst "e on or near the celestial meri#ian, 0e1 earth mst "e at or near perihelion 0closest approach to
the sn1&
+2& 4atrnFs rin%s consist o( 0a1 #st particles, 0b1 soli# sheets o( ice, 0c1 chn3s o( lava>li3e roc3s, 0d1 tiny !ater
crystals, i.e&, sno!(la3es, 0e1 chn3s o( ice or ice>coate# roc3s&
+/& ;hich o( the (ollo!in% planets !ill "e next to achieve oppositionA 0a1 9piter, 0b1 )ars, 0c1 )ercry, 0d1
4atrn, 0e1 :ens&
+-& As !ith the timin% o( snrises an# snsets, an# (or the same reasons, moonrises an# moonsets are a little
#i((erent !hen o"serve# (rom near the earthFs poles& An o"server at the Horth Pole sees a risin% (irst Earter
moon& Hot ntil sli%htly over t!o !ee3s later, !hen near its last Earter phase, #oes the moon (inally set&
$he month o( the year col# "e 0a1 )arch, 0b1 9ne, 0c1 4eptem"er, 0d1 Decem"er&
+7& $o#ay the lnar phase is 0a1 !axin% crescent, 0b1 !axin% %i""os, 0c1 !anin% %i""os, 0d1 !anin% crescent&
++& 0bonus question1 In the early evenin% s3y toni%ht, Dst as it "ecomes #ar3, the nm"er o( planets visi"le to the
na3e# eye 0not contin% Earth1 !ill "e 0a1 *, 0a1 1, 0"1 2, 0c1 6, 0#1 2, 0e1 /&
The next '( %uestions in)ol)e images you *ill be sho*n+ Ea,h %uestion is *orth - $oint+
+B& ;hich o( the meteor strea3s on the #isplaye# star map "elon%s to a sporadic meteorA
Mat,h the images in the galaxy $hoto gallery to the galaxy ty$es listed belo*.
B*& E*
B1& E7
B2& Irr
B6& Pecliar
B2& 4*
B/& 4a
B-& 4c
B7& 45a
B+& 45c
Mat,h the stru,tural details in the ,omet image *ith the features named in %uestions //0-('.
BB& Coma
1**& Dst tail
1*1& Ion tail
1*2& Hcles
1*6& ;hich o( the in#icate# #irections is to!ar# the snA
1*2& ;hich o( the in#icate# #irections col# represent ro%hly the #irection o( the cometQs motionA
Mat,h the images in the moon $hoto gallery to the satellites listed belo* 0bonus questions1.
1*/& Callisto
1*-& Encela#s
1*7& Eropa
1*+& <anyme#e
1*B& Io
11*& )oon
P'Y4IC4 127 > ;IH$E7 2**+ 7 FIHAI EJA)IHA$I8H
111& $itan
112& $riton
Mat,h the images in the solar system $hoto gallery to the ob1e,ts listed belo*.
116& Earth
112& Ceres
11/& 9piter
11-& )ars
117& )ercry
11+& Heptne
11B& Plto
12*& 4atrn
121& ?rans
122& :ens
Please identify the ,onstellations2 bright stars and $lanets $ointed out on the $lanetarium sky
0bonus questions1.
126& Constellation, ____________________&
122& Constellation, ____________________&
12/& Constellation, ____________________&
12-& 4tar, ____________________&
127& 4tar, ____________________&
12+& Planet, ____________________&