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Development And Growth

Of Mandible And Maxilla


Ass. prof. Dr. HEBA M. Eltohey
Steps of Mandible
Development
1- Meckels cartilage.
2- Mandibular nerve.
3- development of body of the
mandible.
4- Development of the ramus.
5- Secondary cartilage.
Development Of The
Mandible
It develops by
INTRAMEMBRANOUS
ossification.
Meckels cartilage has ONLY a
close relation to the dense
fibrocellular membrane but does
not contribute in mandibular
development.
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It develops at 6
th
week IU as a
Solid Hyaline cartilagenous rod,
surrounded by fibrocellular
capsule.
It extends from ear region to
the midline of fused mandibular
process.
They are separated at the
midline with mesenchymal band.
Fate of Meckels Cartilage
1- Mental ossicles and Lingula
represent the remaining part of the
cartilage in the developed mandible.
2- Major portion of two ear ossicles
(mallus and incus).
3- Sphenomandibular ligament &
anterior ligament of the mallus
develop from fibrous capsule of the
cartilage.
4- Spine of sphenoid bone.
The Mandibular Branch of
Trigeminal Nerve
At the junction of dorsal and
middle thirds, it divides into
Inferior alveolar nerve and
Lingual N.
At the junction of middle and
ventral thirds, It divides into
Incisive And Mental N.
Body of the Mandible
At 7
th
week IU on the lateral
aspect of Meckels cartilage a
condensation in the mesenchyme
occurs in the angle between
incisive and mental nerves.
From this center of ossification,
Bone formation extend Backward
along the nerve till the junction of
inferior
alveolar and lingual nerves
forming lateral & medial plates
then canal is formed for the
nerve by bone formation over
the nerve.
Tooth germs develop within the
canal then separated by bone
partitions.
The Ramus
It occurs by rapid
spread of ossification
posteriorly to the
condensed
ectomesenchymal
membrane of the 1
st

arch.
2ry Cartilage
Condylar Cartilage: It appear at
12
th
week IU as a carrot shaped
occupies most of the developing
ramus (endochondrial
ossification).
At 20 week IU only a thin layer
of cartilage persists for head
growth. It disappeared by the
end of the 2
nd
decade of life.
Coronoid Cartilage:
It appears at 4
th
month of development
at the anterior border and top of
coronoid process.
It disapeared long before birth.
Symphysial cartilage ( two in number)
They appear in the CT in the midline.
They are ossified within the 1
st
year
after birth.

The Mandible at Birth
1- Obtuse angle.
2- Small sized ramus.
3- Poorly developed chin.
4- Large coronoid process.
5- open shell body of the
mandible.
6- lower mandibular canal.

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